| 释义 |
avoirdupoisn. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French aver de poys, avoir de pois. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman aver de poys, avoyr de peys, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French avoir de pois (13th cent.) < aver , avoir aver n. + de de prep. + pois , peis weight (see peise n., poise n.1). The γ. forms, including the usual modern spelling avoirdupois , show substitution (in English) of French du ‘of the’ for de de prep. (compare similar variant forms at affaire de cœur n., amant de coeur n., colour-de-roy n.).Compare post-classical Latin averium ponderis (1267 in a British source). society > trade and finance > merchandise > [noun] > goods sold by weight c1300 (1862) 154 Ȝur gret packes of draperie, auoir-depeise, and ȝur wol sackes. 1392 i. §2 Toutz marchants..qe achater ou vendre voillont bledz, vinz, avoir de pois, char, pesson, & toutz autres vivres & vitails.] a1425 (c1395) (Royal) (1850) Ezek. xxvii. 16 Thei settiden forth in thi marcat gemme, and purpur..and cochod, ether auer de peis [1382 chodchod, that is, precious marchaundise]. c1503 tr. Charter of London in R. Arnold f. xiv/2 Cornes wynes auerdepaise flesh fishe or odur vitayles. 1598 R. Hakluyt tr. Charter Edward I in (new ed.) I. 137 To exercise other marchandises, as of Hauer de pois, and other fine wares, as sarcenets, lawnes, cindalles, and silke. 1618 F. Pulton tr. Act 27 Edw. III in Staple x That Wools, and all manner auoir de pois, be weighed by the ballance. 1691 (ed. 2) Avoir du Pois..signifies such Merchandises as are weighed by this weight, and not by Troy-weight. the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > [noun] > a system or standard of weighing > specific systems or standards c1485 Inventory in J. T. Fowler (1875) 367 j par balance cum ponderibus de haberdepase. 1532–3 iii Lawfull weyght, called haberdepois. 1543 R. Record i. sig. N.ii An other weyght called haberdyepoyse, in which 16 unces make a pounde. 1565 T. Cooper Amphora..a pownde and a halfe of haberdepoyse weight. 1594 H. Plat 7 Weightes that may agree with the auer de poiz. 1603 G. Owen (1891) 139 Sold by the haberdepoies pound. 1618 M. Dalton 116 In this Auerdepois weight..vnto euery hundred is allowed twelue pound weight. 1631 R. Brathwait i. 7 A trite discourse of weights and measures: most ponderously dividing them into Troy and Averdepois. 1647 N. Ward 35 Weigh Rules by Troy-weight, and not by the old Haber-du-pois. 1650 N. Ward 16 Weighed..at the..publick beam..not at..every Shop-keeper's Aver~du-pois. 1656 tr. J. A. Comenius liv. §536 Avoir-du-pois wherewith wares are bought and sold. 1667 E. King in (Royal Soc.) 2 450 49 ounces (Haver de pois weight) of blood. 1669 R. Boyle xxxiii. 112 Haberdupoise weight. 1701 J. Jones in A. J. Ellis i. iii. 220 h may be sounded in halleluiah, habiliment, hauer-du-pois, etc. 1756 (Royal Soc.) 49 184 So great a weight as twenty-six pounds avoirdupoize. 1796 S. Vince ii. 26 A cubic foot of rain water weighs 1000 ounces avoirdupoise. 1834 T. Carlyle ii. viii. 63/2 The weakest can stand under thirty stone avoirdupois. the world > matter > properties of materials > weight or relative heaviness > [noun] 1600 W. Shakespeare ii. iv. 257 The weight of a haire wil turne the scales between their haber de poiz. 1680 26 To make it more than Aver-du-pois. 1883 May [Football] Avoirdupois and strength are at a premium for rushing, blocking, and tackling. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021). avoirdupoisv.  (as avoirdupois n.) Etymology: < avoirdupois n. rare. the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > ascertain weight [verb (intransitive)] > weigh (a specific amount) 1854 C. D. Badham 231 A huge African fish..has been known to avoirdupoise one hundred and forty pounds. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.c1300 v.1854 |
