kindlen.
/ˈkɪndl/, U.S. /ˈkɪndəl/ 1. † a. Any of the offspring or young of an animal (especially a snake); a young animal. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > family unit > [noun] > offspring or young
kindle?c1225
kitlinga1300
child1340
chita1382
birda1398
younga1398
kitten1495
baby1659
piccaninny1824
kit1957
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 149 Þe neddre of attri onde haue ð seoue cundles.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 67 Ha is neddre cundel.
a1300 (c1275) Physiologus (1991) 439 Ðanne ȝe sal hire kindles beren, In water ȝe sal stonden.
c1400 J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 2 Joon baptist & crist clepede hem ypocritis & serpentis and addir kyndles.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 4199 (MED) Þire Cocatricesse in creuessis þar kindiles þai brede.
b. A brood or litter (of kittens).One of many alleged group names found in late Middle English glossarial sources. Apparently revived in the 20th cent.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Felidae (feline) > felis domesticus (cat) > [noun] > kitten > litter of
kindle1486
1486 Bk. St. Albans sig. fvi A Litter of welpis. A kyndyll of yong Cattis.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 132/1 Cats, a Kindle, or a Wauling of Cats.
1928 N.Y. Times 3 Dec. 24 The Waldorf tenanted a strident menagerie all day yesterday. There were a sloth of bears..a kindle of kittens and a clowder of cats.
1998 K. Walker Homeopathic First Aid for Animals 138 Yours is actually the fourth call this week from someone who has found a kindle of kittens.
2. in kindle: (chiefly of a hare) pregnant, with young.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Lagomorpha (rabbits and hares) > [adverb] > with young
in kindle1812
1812 R. Blencowe Easy Method Destroying Rats 4 Catch two or three doe Rats, in the month of February, or March, or any time when they are not in kindle.
1877 Daily News 23 July 2 A fine hare, and..a doe in kindle.
1984 P. O'Brian Far Side of World vi. 222 She was in kindle, when she took sick.
2011 R. Garfitt Horseman's Word 51 Later, in the kitchen, Grandma would grumble that it was a doe in kindle.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
kindlev.1
/ˈkɪndl/, U.S. /ˈkɪndəl/α. early Middle English kinndlenn ( Ormulum), Middle English cundle, Middle English kindele, Middle English kindill, Middle English kyndele, Middle English kyndely (past participle; perhaps transmission error), Middle English kyndil, Middle English kyndile, Middle English kyndill, Middle English kyndly, Middle English kyndul, Middle English (in a late copy) kyndull, Middle English kyndyl, Middle English kyndyll, Middle English kynle, Middle English kynlee, Middle English–1500s kinled (past participle), Middle English–1500s kyndel, Middle English–1500s kyndell, Middle English–1600s kyndle, Middle English–1600s kindel, Middle English– kindle, 1500s kynlyd (past participle); also Scottish 1800s– kinnle, 1800s– kynnle; N.E.D. (1901) also records a form Middle English kundlen.
β. Middle English kendel, Middle English kendele, Middle English–1500s kendle, Middle English–1500s kendyl, Middle English–1500s kenle, 1500s cendle; also Scottish pre-1700 kendel, pre-1700 kendile, pre-1700 kendill, pre-1700 kendyll, pre-1700 kenel, pre-1700 kennell, pre-1700 kennill, pre-1700 1700s– kendle, 1700s 1900s– kenle, 1800s– kennel, 1900s– kennle.
In most of the senses up may be added as an intensifier.† 4. intransitive. To spread like fire. Obsolete. rare.
1. With reference to a fire, flame, or flammable substance.
a. transitive. To start or light (a fire); to set fire to, ignite (something flammable).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > burn or consume by fire [verb (transitive)] > kindle or set alight
annealeOE
ontendeOE
atend1006
alightOE
kindlec1175
tindc1175
lightc1225
lightenc1384
quickc1390
firea1393
to set (a) fire in, on, upon, of, now only toc1400
quickenc1425
accenda1475
enlumine1477
to light upa1500
to shoot (something) on firec1540
to give fire1562
incend1598
entine1612
betine1659
emblaze1743
to touch off1759
ignite1823
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 13442 I sette ȝuw to ben..Lihhtfattess muþ..To kinndlenn hemm soþ lufess fir.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 16135 Hat lufess fir..Iss kinndledd i þatt herrte.
c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 915 Stickes kan ich breken and kraken, And kindlen ful wel a fyr.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 340 (MED) Of exalacion I finde Fyr kinled of the fame [read same] kinde.
a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) xvii. 10 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 148 Koles..Kindled ere ofe him glouand.
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Judges xv. 5 He..boond brondis in the myddis, whiche he kyndlid with fier.
1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope (1967) i. xiii. 82 The foxe..beganne to put to gyder grete habondaunce of strawe..and kyndeled it with fyre.
1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 107 Dame..kendill on ane fyre.
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 7 Soom doe set on caldrons, oothers dooe kendel a bauen.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iii. i. 197 Fie, fie, fie, this is the way to kindle, not to quench. View more context for this quotation
1646 R. Boyle Let. 22 Oct. in Wks. (1772) I. p. xxxi These two flints are striking such sparks, as are likely to kindle a fine bonfire for the English.
1707 I. Watts Hymns & Spiritual Songs ii. 109 Kindle a Flame of sacred Love In these cold Hearts of ours.
1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. i. xi. 39 A Man must be a long time kindling wet Straw into a vile smothering Flame.
1800 tr. E. J. B. Bouillon-Lagrange Man. Course Chem. I. 40 Kindle the phosphorus with a piece of bent iron brought to a state of ignition in the fire.
1863 F. A. Kemble Jrnl. Resid. Georgian Plantation 31 Bidding the elder boys and girls kindle up the fire.
1928 Boys' Life Apr. 26/1 The sentry kindled a torch.
2013 T. Verkruysse Pale as Hope xxv. 173 Heedless of the risk, she kindled a small fire.
b. intransitive. To begin to burn; to catch fire; to burst into flame. Also with up.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > burn or be on fire [verb (intransitive)] > catch fire or begin to burn
quicka1225
kindle?c1225
tindc1290
atend1398
to catch fire (also afire, on fire)c1400
quickenc1425
enkindle1556
fire1565
to set on fire1596
take1612
catch1632
conflagrate1657
to fly on fire1692
to go up1716
deflagrate1752
flagrate1756
inflame1783
ignite1818
to fire up1845
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 218 Þe sparke..kecheð mare fur..& þe deouel blaweð to from þet hit earst cundleð.
a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) lxxvii. 25 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 210 Fire kindeled ful brinnand þare In Iacob.
?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 829 Itt kyndels be þe self alsone, And brynnes clerely þat place apon.
1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) xvii. iv. sig. Nvv/1 Gleymy fatnesse..of this tree Abies kyndlyth full soone & brennyth with lyght leyle.
a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. P.iijv In great thycke and dry busshes, the fyres kendle moste easyly.
1569 E. Fenton tr. P. Boaistuau Certaine Secrete Wonders Nature xvi. f. 30v There is a kinde of stone, which being laide any small time vpon strawe or other like drye substance, it kindles and growes to flame.
a1613 G. Owen Descr. Penbrokshire (1892) 88 Called the runinge Coale; for that when it first kindleth it melteth and runeth as wax.
1679 W. Bedloe Narr. Horrid Popish Plot 15 They know not how it [sc. a fire] came to kindle there.
1760 J. Ferguson Lect. Select Subj. vi. 184 When such combustible matter..kindles in the bowels of the earth..it produces earthquakes.
1819 W. Irving Sketch Bk. i. 47 There is in every true woman's heart a spark of heavenly fire,..which kindles up, and beams and blazes in the dark hour of adversity.
1873 Zion's Herald 6 Nov. 358/4 The young ones all crouched down on the rock round him to watch... the dead leaves as they kindled.
1937 Manch. Guardian 6 Jan. 11/4 Flimsy materials used in the business kindled quickly.
2009 A. Rogier Red Bk. 3 Burning hotter, the fire kindles.
2. figurative.
a. transitive. To arouse, give rise to, or inflame (a feeling, emotion, etc.).Cf. early uses at sense 1a with reference to metaphorical fires (as e.g. quot. c11751 at sense 1a).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > passion > ardour or fervour > ardent or fervent [verb (transitive)] > inflame (with) passion
annealeOE
ontendeOE
anheatOE
atend1006
tindc1175
firec1225
heat?c1225
inlowa1300
inflamea1340
eschaufec1374
flamec1380
kindlec1390
chafe1393
achafea1400
to set a firec1400
lighta1413
incense1435
scaldc1480
embrase1483
incend?1504
to set on fire?1526
enkindle1561
enfire1596
flush1633
boil1649
calenturea1657
infirea1661
c1390 W. Hilton Mixed Life (Vernon) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1895) I. 266 (MED) Þat nedful worldi werkes kyndel gostli desyres, proued be bodili ensaumple.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 24149 Ye Iuus þat kindeld all þis care.
a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) II. 240 Þis wolde kyndele oonhede and love.
?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 64 (MED) It is the synne of pride, and engenderithe and kendelithe lechery.
1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. d It semyt be thair contenance yt kendillit wes care.
1580 H. Gifford Posie of Gilloflowers i. To Rdr. sig. *.3v Often kindling a kinde of mislike with the matter, for some secrete malice that they beare to the man.
1601 A. Dent Plaine Mans Path-way to Heauen 227 Sins of oppression..be the very fire-brands of Gods wrath, and as it were touchwood, to kindle his anger.
1645 R. Baillie Dissuasive from Errours of Time Pref. 2 The principal cause which hath kindled the Jealousie of God..was the constuprating of the Church.
1707 J. Addison Rosamond ii. 23 Kindling Pity, kindling Rage, At once provoke me, and asswage.
1765 W. Shirley Electra ii. ix. 36 The monarch we obey ordain'd rewards..Which kindled ardor in the nobly born.
1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People iii. §5. 141 The wholesale pillage kindled a wide spirit of resistance.
1939 Times Lit. Suppl. 23 Dec. 742/3 A passion kindled by the sight of her bloody ravisher.
1988 N.Y. Times 19 Mar. 5/2 The raids may kindle anger in Congress.
2000 P. Cornwell-Smith in J. Cummings World Food: Thailand 185 Crop-replacement projects of His Majesty King Bhumibol are kindling interest in organic farming.
b. transitive. To incite, inflame, or stir up (a person, mind, thought, etc.); to make ardent or eager. Frequently with to, †in.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > excitement > exciting > excite [verb (transitive)]
astirc1000
stir?c1225
araisec1374
entalentc1374
flamec1380
reara1382
raisec1384
commove1393
kindlea1400
fluster1422
esmove1474
talent1486
heavec1540
erect?1555
inflame1560
to set on gog1560
yark1565
tickle1567
flesh1573
concitate1574
rouse1574
warmc1580
agitate1587
spirit1598
suscitate1598
fermentate1599
nettle1599
startle1602
worka1616
exagitate1621
foment1621
flush1633
exacuatea1637
ferment1667
to work up1681
pique1697
electrify1748
rattle1781
pump1791
to touch up1796
excite1821
to key up1835
to steam up1909
jazz1916
steam1922
volt1930
whee1949
to fire up1976
geek1984
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19436 Eth es to kindel þat es kene.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 15390 Of al venym and of envye: ful kyndeled he was.
c1450 W. Lichefeld Complaint of God (Lamb. 853) l. 620 in F. J. Furnivall Polit., Relig., & Love Poems (1903) 227 (MED) Kindele þou me in charitee.
a1500 Disciplina Clericalis in Western Reserve Univ. Bull. (1919) 22 33 (MED) She sawe another faire yongman..with whiche sight anon she was kyndeled in the love of hym.
a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Certain Bks. Aenæis (1557) ii. sig. Aiiiv This kindled vs more egre to enquire.
a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) i. i. 162 Nothing remaines, but that I kindle the boy thither. View more context for this quotation
1657 J. Trapp Comm. Neh. i. 4 These good men..by mutual confidence kindle one another.
1705 R. Beverley Hist. Virginia iv. xxi. 77 Feuds and Heart-burnings have been kindled in the Minds of the People.
1775 S. Johnson Taxation no Tyranny 21 Some discontented Lord..would..have quickly kindled with equal heat a troop of followers.
1824 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XVI xli. 84 The thrilling wires Died from the touch that kindled them to sound.
1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems xvi. 9 It shall kindle an icy thought to courage.
1917 Art World 3 108/1 Their possible literary or ethical or transcendental value alone kindled him.
1992 M. Buber On Intersubjectivity 149 Men are also so made that such a destiny kindles them to the most sublime love.
2004 B. Bova Silent War 145 His thirst for vengeance kindled him for the remainder of his train ride.
c. transitive. To cause, instigate, or give rise to (strife, war, or other turbulent action).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > cause mental pain or suffering to [verb (transitive)] > give rise to
kindlea1400
society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > sedition > incite revolt or strife [verb (transitive)]
stira1023
kindlea1400
enkindle1582
a1400 (c1300) Northern Homily: Serm. on Gospels (Coll. Phys.) in Middle Eng. Dict. at Kindelen Thai kindel baret wit bacbiting And slokenes it wit thair glothering.
1567 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xi. 48 Throw the is kendlit ciuil weir.
1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. i. 316 I'le kindle warre betweene the Womans seed And thy fell race.
1652 J. Mayne tr. J. Donne Epigr. in J. Donne Paradoxes sig. E10 Methinks the picture, like my wife, Begins to brawl, and kindle strife.
1762 D. Hume Hist. Eng. (new ed.) III. Hen. VIII. iii. 125 He took measures for kindling a war with England.
1764 O. Goldsmith Hist. Eng. in Lett. I. xiv. 91 The wars that were now kindled up between England and France.
1810 Z. M. Pike Jrnl. (1966) i. 209 By killing the celebrated Sauk chief Pontiac, the Illinois, Cahokias, Kaskaskias and Piorias, kindled a war with the..Sauks and Reynards.
1847 L. H. Kerr tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Servia 312 Time was gained for kindling the revolution in the neighbouring districts.
1909 M. E. Durham in Albania & Albanians (2001) 17 The firebrand that ultimately kindled the Russo-Turkish War.
1993 Irish Times 3 Sept. 10/3 The Israelis kindled a war between Christians and Druze.
2013 Afr. News (Nexis) 13 Feb. Valentine's Day would be an auspicious occasion to reflect on how best to..banish hatred, xenophobia, tribalism and many other vices that kindle conflicts.
3. figurative.
a. intransitive. Of a feeling or emotion: to rise; to be aroused, inflamed, or incited.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > [verb (intransitive)] > become active (of emotions)
kindlea1400
quickena1400
move1483
rouse1671
work1814
the mind > emotion > passion > ardour or fervour > become ardent or fervent [verb (intransitive)] > become inflamed (of passion)
kindlea1400
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 6791 Þenne shal my wreche kyndel [Vesp. be kindeld] so.
a1425 (c1333–52) L. Minot Poems (1914) 5 (MED) Rughfute riueling, now kindels þi care.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 2724 (MED) Myn angire on þine arrogance sall at þe last kindill.
a1513 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen in Poems (1998) I. 43 Quhen kissis me that carybald, than kyndillis all my sorow.
1544 J. Bale Brefe Chron. Syr I. Oldecastell f. 15v The vnpacable furye of Antichrist thus kyndled agaynst him.
1631 W. Twisse Discov. D. Iacksons Vanitie iii. xx. 686 Gods wrath kindles not but out of the ashes of his love despised.
1732 L. Crusius Lives Rom. Poets II. 56 At this her anger kindles.
1845 M. Pattison in Christian Remembrancer Jan. 78 As their fury kindled, they pushed into the nave of the building.
1872 A. M. Douglas Lucia xvi. 183 A hateful, smouldering jealousy kindled in his soul.
1915 Jrnl. Educ. (Univ. of Boston School of Educ.) 9 Sept. 217/1 An interest that grows and kindles into passion for truth.
1970 G. Dickson Hour of Horde iv. 63 And with the words a strange, bright, animallike anger seemed to kindle inside him.
2014 S. Dev Bollywood Affair 222 Joy and tenderness and fierce hope kindled inside her.
b. intransitive. Of a person, the heart, etc.: to become impassioned, fervent, or animated; to glow with excitement or strong emotion.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > passion > ardour or fervour > become ardent or fervent [verb (intransitive)] > become inflamed with passion
heata1225
tind1297
lowea1333
anheat1340
to catch firec1400
kindlea1450
to take firea1513
inflame1559
broil1561
calenturea1657
a1450 Pater Noster Richard Ermyte (Westm. Sch. 3) (1967) 20 (MED) Þorugh wissyng of þis grace, more he kyndeliþ in þe loue of God.
c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 46 (MED) Þir fendis made þe harte of þis maydyn..for to kyndell in þe luff of þis.
a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 51/1 The quene..began to kindle and chafe, and speke sore biting wordes.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 102 Then Alcanus þe kyng kyndlit in yre.
1690 J. Dryden Don Sebastian v. i. 129 Gazing thus, I kindle at thy sight.
1796 W. Godwin Caleb Williams (ed. 2) I. iv. 74 We are both apt to kindle, and warm of resentment.
1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. II. 97 He kindled into warmth with the ardour of his contest.
1888 J. W. Burgon Lives Twelve Good Men II. xii. 383 Very pleasant it was..to see the dear fellow kindle at the mention of Hebron and Jerusalem.
1906 Pennsylvania Mag. Hist. & Biogr. 30 27 He kindled at the protest of the Barons of Runnymede.
1985 J. Wilt Secret Leaves iv. 124 The Queen kindles at this; disputes between the royal parents and the Prince of Wales are notorious.
2010 C. Rowan Kismet's Kiss 201 She kindled at the thought.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > conversation > converse [verb (intransitive)] > gossip > spread (of gossip)
kindlea1425
a1425 (?c1375) N. Homily Legendary (Harl.) in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1881) 2nd Ser. 132 Þe meruailes of þir mawmettes two Thwrgh all þe cuntre kindeld so.
5.
a. transitive. To light up as if with fire; to make bright or glowing. Also with up.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > illumination > illuminate [verb (transitive)] > with or as with fire
inflame1477
bonfire1605
to beacon up1644
kindle1685
beacon1803
flare1853
1685 Musa præfica 13 Thy dawning lustre did appear Like Phebus when he mounts the Sphere, Dispensing glories as we rise; And with new Vigour kindling all the Skies.
1696 N. Tate & N. Brady New Version Psalms of David cxxxix. 297 One glance from Thee, one piercing Ray Would kindle Darkness into Day.
1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. ii. 537 The Fires expanding..Shoot their long Beams, and kindle half the Skies.
1860 N. Hawthorne Marble Faun II. xxii. 240 Brilliant costumes largely kindled up with scarlet.
1881 E. A. Freeman Sketch Subj. Lands Venice 95 The mighty campanile of Spalato rises, kindled with the last rays of sunlight.
1906 Weekly Irish Times 26 May 21/2 The glow of prairie fires kindled the skies around me.
1992 Washington Post 12 Apr. e6/2 The setting sun kindles the sky and the cliffs.
2010 A. Voskamp Thousand Gifts 137 He utterly refuses to let go, right till the sun embers kindle up the horizon.
b. intransitive. To become bright or glowing, as if on fire or reflecting flames. Also figurative, chiefly with reference to a person's eyes. Cf. fire n. 15, spark n.1 5a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > light emitted in particular manner > [verb (intransitive)] > glow or shine as if on fire
glowc1000
flamec1400
gloomc1420
burn1423
flare1633
kindle1797
flush1809
bloom1860
1797 T. Campbell Wounded Hussar iii Dim was that eye,..That melted in love, and that kindled in war!
1810 R. Southey Curse of Kehama vii. 60 The Orient,..Kindles as it receives the rising ray.
1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake I. xvii. 317 Hereward's face reddened, and his eyes kindled.
1923 Boys' Life Nov. 7/1 The man's eyes kindled as he took in all the pleasant green of Cold Spring.
1997 S. Stewart Minstrel Boy 115 Cai looked up, his eyes kindling with hope.
2007 I. McDonald Brasyl 190 The illumination caught and kindled in the westering light as radiantly as any rose window.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
kindlev.2
/ˈkɪndl/, U.S. /ˈkɪndəl/ 1.
a. transitive. Of a female animal (esp. a hare or rabbit): to bring forth or give birth to (young). Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > sexual organs and reproduction > [verb (transitive)] > give birth to
bearOE
whelpc1175
kindle?c1225
hatcha1350
yeana1387
calvea1425
producea1513
dam1577
cast1587
rewhelp1605
render1607
store1611
drop1662
warp1738
kit1758
kitten1824
throw1824
cub1864
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 243 Uch an [sin]cundleð Mare & wurse cundel þenne þe seolue moder.
a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Titus) (1963) 61 Haldes eauer inwið in an owre herte leste þe vttre fondinge cundle[a1250 Nero kundlie] þe inre... Ah þat is uttre fondinge þat cundles [a1250 Nero kundleð; L. generat] te wradðe.
a1300 (c1275) Physiologus (1991) 8 Wanne he is ikindled, Stille lið ðe leun.
a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) vii. 15 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 137 Bihald, he kyneld [a1400 Harl. kineled] vnrightwisnesse, Onfange sorwe and bare wickednesse.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 166 (MED) Queder þaire kyng was becomen at þar care kyndils.
1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 504 A rat was taken full of young, and kendled fiue young rats in the trappe.
a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) iii. ii. 330 As the Conie that you see dwell where shee is kindled . View more context for this quotation
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. vii. 134 A Coney, Kindleth a Litter.
1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Rabbit When a Doe has kinnell'd one Nest, and then kinnell'd another, the first must be taken from her.
1789 J. Middleton Destroying Rats & Mice 16 Those Rats which are kindled in the latter end of the month of February..will breed about the month of September or October.
1810 R. Parkinson Treat. Breeding & Managem. Live Stock II. ix. 298 The young [sc. rabbits] are eleven days blind after being kindled.
1831 T. B. Johnson Sportsman's Cycl. 680 The doe did not continue in the box from the time she kindled her first young one until she got quit of the last.
1940 Altoona (Pa.) Mirror 8 Mar. 32/4 The doe..had kindled a litter of eight young.
1959 Raising Rabbits (U.S. Dept. Agric., Farmer's Bull. No. 2131) 30/1 Sometimes does..kindle the litter on the hutch floor.
2014 K. Patry Rabbit-raising 146 She kindled a large litter.
b. intransitive. Of a female hare or rabbit: to give birth.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Lagomorpha (rabbits and hares) > [verb (intransitive)] > bear young
kindlea1350
a1350 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 29 When hares kendles o þe herston.
c1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Vesp. B.xii) (1904) 14 And ȝif ye fynde an hare whiche hath kyndeled..and houndis hunten aftere hure..ye shul fynde how she hath remeued hure kyndeles.
1486 Bk. St. Albans sig. eiij Now of the hare... Other while he is male..And other while female and kyndelis by kynde.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 598/2 A konny kyndylleth every moneth in the yere.
1614 G. Markham Cheape & Good Husbandry i. 100 The Females [of Rabbits or Conies] after they have kindled, hide their young ones.
1653 W. Harvey Anat. Exercitations 504 Some of them (as the Hare, and the Coney) in the space of an hour after they have kindled, do admit the Buck.
1714 A. Stringer Experienc'd Huntsman 139 The Hare is kindled or bred in every Month, from February till November.
1750 J. S. Gardiner Art & Pleasures of Hare-hunting iv. 34 The Doe makes Choice of some thick dry Brake..to kindle in.
1802 A. F. M. Willich Domest. Encycl. III. 466/1 The males, or bucks, should be parted from the does, or females, till the latter kindle.
1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Kinnle, to bring forth young.
1934 Rabbit Production (U.S. Dept. Agric. Farmers' Bull. No. 1730) 29 Does..about due to kindle will be most quickly affected by hot weather.
1998 Progress Agric. (Canada) 18 Mar. 23/3 Rabbits proliferate quickly. Thirty-one days after being bred, the doe kindles (gives birth).
2014 K. Patry Rabbit-raising 18 Does can and do conceive and kindle..at any time.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > birth > be born [verb (intransitive)]
arisec950
to come forthOE
to come into (also to) the worldOE
riseOE
breedc1200
kenec1275
birtha1325
to wax forth1362
deliver?c1450
kindlec1450
seed?a1475
issuec1515
arrive1615
born1698
to see the light1752
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 696 Þat euer he kyndild [a1500 Trin. Dublin come] of his kynde kend he bot litill.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.?c1225
v.1c1175
v.2?c1225