judiciaryadj.n.

Brit.

/dʒᵿˈdɪʃ(ə)ri/, U.S.

/dʒuˈdɪʃiˌɛri/,

/dʒuˈdɪʃəri/

Forms:

α. late Middle English iudiciarij, 1500s–1600s iudiciarie, 1500s–1600s iudiciary, 1600s– judiciary.

β. 1500s judiciar (Scottish).

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French judiciaire; Latin iūdiciārius.

Etymology: < (i) Middle French, French judiciaire of or relating to justice (1365), relating to or dependent on the interpretation of human affairs by reference to the motions of the planets and stars (although this is first attested slightly later than in English: 1558 or earlier), (of a person or body of people) having the function of judging (1579, in the passage translated in quot. 1587 at sense B. 1a, or earlier), (of speech or writing) intended to persuade the reader or hearer of the justice of a particular point (1602, in the passage translated in quot. 1603 at sense A. 4, or earlier), designating a duel or battle carried out to resolve a legal dispute or settle a case (1748, in the passage translated in quot. 1750 at sense A. 1c, or earlier), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin iūdiciārius of or relating to the law courts, in post-classical Latin also of or relating to divine judgement (early 3rd cent. in Tertullian), of or relating to the judgement of the senses (4th cent. in Augustine), of or for an ordeal (from 12th cent. in British sources), (in astrology) prognostic (from 13th cent. in British sources) < iūdicium judgement (see judicial adj.) + -ārius -ary suffix¹. Compare Spanish judiciario (a1384), Italian giudiziario (14th cent.), adjectives. With the uses as noun compare post-classical Latin judiciaria (feminine singular; also neuter plural) judicial district (8th cent.), jurisdiction (10th cent.), judiciarius (masculine) doomster, judge (12th cent.; from 13th cent. in British sources). Compare earlier judicial adj., and (with the use as noun) earlier judicial n.In sense B. 1a after Middle French judiciaire, feminine noun (French †judiciaire ) astrology (1581, in the passage translated in quot. 1587 at sense B. 1a, or earlier); compare Spanish (now hist.) judiciaria astrology (1560). With sense B. 1b compare Spanish (now hist.) judiciario astrologer (1569).

A. adj.

a. = judicial adj. 1a, 1b.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > judge > [adjective]

judiciary?a1425

justicely1434

judicial1548

judicatoriala1656

?a1425 (a1415) Lanterne of Liȝt (Harl.) (1917) 76 (MED) Alle þe mynystris of þe chirch, in bischopis & in prestis, han þe same iudiciarij powere.

1590 J. Davidson D. Bancrofts Rashnes sig. 7 Som..haue not spared..to take boldnes therby of late, in their publict Iudiciary trials reprochfully, to vpbraid our countrimen.

1612 T. Taylor Αρχὴν Ἁπάντων: Comm. Epist. Paul to Titus ii. 13 Although he shall exercise his iudiciarie power.

1670 T. Blount Νομο-λεξικον: Law-dict. Ded. Persons, Dignified with the Judiciary Scarlet Robe.

1721 T. D'Urfey Two Queens Brentford iv. i, in New Opera's 54 Now this is formal, you must know, as judiciary Matters should be.

1778 E. Pendleton Let. 31 Jan. in Lett. & Papers (1967) I. 247 The Assize..will be adopted 'ere long, as our Judiciary System is lame without it.

1837 Plaindealer 1 July 489/2 A reform of the judiciary system would naturally engage the attention of the convention we propose.

1875 K. E. Digby Introd. Hist. Law Real Prop. ii. 53 Laws..are made indirectly by the tribunals in deciding upon particular cases... [These] are sometimes called judge-made, or judiciary laws.

1922 City Club Bull. (Chicago) 16 Oct. 111/1 The judiciary branch of the government is given increased independence and authority.

1967 Grand Prairie (Texas) Daily News 24 May 10/2 More than 1,600 living graduates of Texas' oldest law school..still pound the judiciary gavel.

2007 K. F. Greif & J. F. Merz Current Controv. Biol. Sci. i. 7 The judiciary branch of government plays an active role in science policy.

b. = judicial adj. 1c.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > judge > [adjective] > having function of judge

judicial1561

judiciary1606

1606 R. Knolles tr. J. Bodin Six Bks. Common-weale iii. v. 328 They by lot drew a certaine number of particular judges out of them, which by the lawes might in such causes be iudiciarie judges [Fr. qui pouuoyent estre iuges par les loix iudiciaires].

1690 J. Child Disc. Trade vi. 117 So many of the Said Judiciary Merchants as heard the Said Cause and Causes, and Signed the Judgments or final Decrees in them.

1785 London Chron. 20 Oct. 387/1 The judiciary court will cause due enquiry to be made touching riotous and unlawful assemblies and their misdemeanors.

1848 Southern Literary Messenger Mar. 139/1 He..remodeled the judiciary body known as the Areopagus.

1921 Pennsylvania Med. Jrnl. June 656/1 We..consider that the Compensation Board is judiciary; because it decides the amount of money to be paid and whether the claims are proper or not.

1983 Amer. Ethnologist 10 291 Although some compound heads enjoy more prestige and influence than others..none was entitled to convene a judiciary assembly above the level of the compound.

2009 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 29 Sept. 17 Independent disciplinary hearings..will be heard by one judiciary officer this season, replacing the three-man disciplinary committees.

c. = judicial adj. 1d. historical.

ΚΠ

1750 T. Nugent tr. C.-L. de S. de Montesquieu Spirit of Laws II. xxviii. xxv. 279 The practice of judiciary combat [Fr. combat judiciaire] had this advantage, that it was apt to change a general into a particular quarrel.

1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. xxii. 337 The first written injunction of judiciary combats that we meet with, is in the laws of Gundebald, a.d. 501.

1789 Analyt. Rev. 4 App. 562 History of the judiciary duel.

1829 K. H. Digby Broad Stone of Honour: Godefridus xxi. 273 The clergy of Spain..instead of compurgatory oaths and judiciary combats, ordained the proofs by witnesses and regular examination.

1840 Army & Navy Chron. 12 Mar. 165/2 Our barbarous ancestors are frequently ridiculed for the practice of judiciary duels.

1904 Internat. Q. Mar. 125 He is ready to uphold what he says against any comer in judiciary battle.

1974 Dante Stud. No. 92. 131 Amile is called upon to exonerate himself in judiciary combat.

2005 M. Szkilnik in N. J. Lacy & J. T. Grimbert Compan. Chrétien de Troyes xv. 212 He seemingly did not sense the gradation from Yvain's first fight against Count Alier to Yvain and Gauvain's final judiciary combat.

2. Astrology. = judicial adj. 6. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > astrology > judicial astrology > judgement > [adjective]

judicialc1400

judiciary1555

1555 L. Digges Prognostication Right Good Effect sig. B.iij How far from woorthy thankes giuing are they, which.., checkyng bitterly the Astrologer, with these iudiciarie maters..whan thinges fortune contrarie to expectation?

1575 tr. L. Daneau Dialogue Witches i. sig. C.iii^v The Augures or Soothsayers of Roome describing & diuiding the ayre into certen quarters and regions, gathered their profecies therof, euen as the Iudiciarie Astrologians do at this day.

1604 T. Wright Passions of Minde (new ed.) vi. 315 What vaine studies exercise..our iudiciarie Astronomers, by calculating nativitees telling events.

1716 M. Davies Athenæ Britannicæ II. iv. 340 This Mathematician, with most others of those days, seems to stick to the vulgar Notions of the Ptolomaical Judiciary Astrology.

1816 Brit. Rev. May 405 It seems difficult to conceive how judiciary astrology could ever have co-existed with a tolerable intelligence in the principles of astronomy and the planetary motions.

1900 R. Parsons Stud. Church Hist. VI. Suppl. v. 529 All that was magical in astrology—that is, the so-called judiciary astrology—was always condemned by the Church.

1989 16th Cent. Jrnl. 20 45 That Ferrand espoused the doctrines of the judiciary astrologers was also a particularly telling blow against his treatise.

3. = judicial adj. 2. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > branch of the law > [adjective] > secular

judiciala1425

judiciary1586

1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 597 The Iudiciarie lawes [Fr. lesdites Loix iudiciaires] were cancelled & abolished, without violating in any sort the dutie of charitie.

1699 Bp. G. Burnet Expos. Thirty-nine Articles vii. 101 The Judiciary Parts of the Law were those that related to them as they were a Society of Men.

1772 tr. J. A. Dumay Lett. to Mr. Kennicott iv. 142 Under this Hebrew substantive is comprehended the collection of all the Mosaical laws, whether ceremonial, moral, or judiciary.

1876 W. H. Hutchings Person & Work Holy Ghost (ed. 2) ii. 53 Judiciary precepts were not like the Ceremonial, capable of a mystical interpretation.

1918 C. A. Bachofen Comm. New Code Canon Law (ed. 2) I. 12 As to the Old Testament, a distinction must be made between moral, ceremonial, and judiciary laws.

4. Rhetoric. = judicial adj. 7. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > [adjective] > other specific style

judicial1532

heroic1590

judiciary1603

wild1645

heroi-comic1708

mock-heroic1708

heroi-comical1712

flebilea1734

prosai-comi-epic1749

lusory1779

sulphureous1791

harlequinic1804

mock-heroical1825

newspaperish1825

marmoreal1892

kailyard1895

freestyle1906

paperback1921

nouny1926

Time-ese1947

nounal1952

kitchen sink1959

effectist1961

writerly1974

dirty realist1984

the mind > language > speech > speech-making > rhetoric > [adjective]

rhetorical1530

judicial1532

judiciary1776

demegoric1892

1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. iii. xii. 628 Verely it was reason, hee should preferre it before that, which the great Orator Lysias had set downe in writing for him; excellently fashioned in a judiciarie Stile [Fr. au stile iudiciaire].

1742 D. Hume Ess. Moral & Polit. II. ii. 19 Nor do we find, in the Greek Orations wrote in the judiciary Form, such a bold and rhetorical Stile as appears in the Roman.

1776 G. Campbell Philos. of Rhetoric I. Introd. 19 Three sorts of orations..the deliberative, the judiciary and the demonstrative.

1811 D. M. Crimmin tr. Aristotle Diss. Rhetoric iii. xii. 431 The dictation of judiciary rhetoric ought to be more exact and more laboured.

1974 M. Taylor tr. C. Metz Film Lang. 98 The word [diagesis]..was used particularly to designate one of the obligatory parts of judiciary discourse, the recital of facts.

1994 A. Oldcorn tr. R. Bonfil Jewish Life Renaissance Italy v. 165 Psalm 45 is a perfect example of epideictic rhetoric.., the speech of Tekoa to King David (2 Samuel 14:1-20) is an example of judiciary rhetoric.

†5. = judicial adj. 5. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > [adjective] > of the nature of divine punishment

judicial1613

judiciary1630

judgement-like1645

the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > activities of God > [adjective] > of judgements of God

sententiala1603

judicial1613

judiciary1630

1630 R. Welstead Cure Hard-heart 49 That total finall hardnesse [of heart]..which is more properly termed Iudiciary or Penall, that befals only the reprobate.

a1655 R. Robinson Christ All (1656) 425 It is a judiciary hand of God upon the Papists.

1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. III i. i. 24 Judiciarie Hardnesse of heart and Blindnesse of Minde.

1790 tr. E. Swedenborg in New-Jerusalem Mag. Feb. 76 A judiciary sentence for salvation or damnation upon all the dead.

1829 M. Smith Epitome Systematic Theol. 231 God..does inflict on some men, judiciary blindness, hardness, and reprobacy of mind, but not on his friends.

†6. = judicial adj. 4. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > [adjective]

judging1546

judicial1589

judicatory1603

judiciarya1631

dijudicative1660

a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1958) IX. 86 I have a Power to Judge; a judiciary, a discretive power.

1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. v. 58 This Judgement may not unfitly be termed Judiciary.

B. n.

†1.

a. Astrology; the art or practice of divination. Cf. sense A. 2. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > divination > [noun] > an art of

judiciary1587

1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. xxv. 436 What arte moued Iacob to say it..? If ye say Phiznomie or Iudiciarie [Fr. Iudiciaire], the good old man was blind.

1594 R. Carew tr. J. Huarte Exam. Mens Wits xii. 183 All the sciences belonging to the imagination..as the Mathematicks, Astrologie, Arithmeticke, Perspectiue, Iudiciarie [Sp. judiciaria], and the rest.

b. An astrologer; a person who practises divination. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > astrology > judicial astrology > [noun] > person

astrologera1382

castera1382

astronomera1387

planetist1509

horoscoper1561

figure-caster1584

figure-flinger1587

philomath1611

judiciary1618

planetary1625

astromancer1652

astromantic1652

configurator1652

horoscopist1652

planetarian1652

Babylonian1677

1618 B. Holyday Technogamia iii. ii. sig. G^v Then there is your Iudiciarie, which is either Genethliacall, or Catholike instructing in predictions, either Idiomaticall or Symptomaticall.

1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 136 May not the morose judiciaries be thus urged?

a. A body of judges or persons having judicial power; a court of justice or other legal tribunal. Later also (originally U.S.): the system of courts and judges, considered collectively; the branch of government which administers justice, esp. as contrasted with the executive and the legislature.rare before the late 18th cent., when it began to be used in the newly constituted United States with reference to the state and federal systems for administering justice, and later more widely in other English-speaking territories.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun]

court1297

justicec1300

benchc1325

consistoryc1386

King's Courtc1400

open court?1456

justiciary1486

justry1489

seat1560

civil court1567

tribunal1590

judicatory1593

judicature1593

law-court1619

judiciary1623

jurisdiction1765

forum1848

1623 H. Constable Catholike Moderator v. 51 A thing contrary to all Ciuill Law, to equity it selfe, and to the customes of all the Parliaments, high courts of Iustice, and other Iudiciaries.

1655 J. Lightfoot Harmony New-Test. 6 Yet was not that Court, nor the judiciary thereof utterly extinguisht, but revived again, and continued till many years after the destruction of the City.

1786 Boston Mag. Nov. & Dec. 442/2 To hold men in public trust in a proper state of responsibility, a federal judiciary may be found to be expedient for several purposes.

1788 Deb. & Other Proc. Convent. Virginia 69 If Sheriffs thus immediately under the eye of our State Legislature and Judiciary, have dared to commit these outrages, [etc.].

1802 M. Cutler Jrnl. 20 Feb. in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler Life, Jrnls. & Corr. M. Cutler (1888) II. 81 He at length pointed out..the impossibility of a government being supported without an independent Judiciary.

1879 W. E. Gladstone Gleanings Past Years VI. iii. 185 That strength depends on the magistracy, the police, the judiciary, the standing army.

1885 Law Times 79 83/1 Head of the Irish magistracy and chief of the judiciary.

1925 Amer. Mercury Oct. 214/1 The police heads and the local judiciary refused to be sympathetic.

1973 Times 9 Jan. 13/3 It meant equal rights for the individual, to be implemented by an independent judiciary.

2004 H. Kennedy Just Law (2005) v. 127 In a political climate generated by fear of terrorism, members of the judiciary may be subject to a host of pressures.

†b. A place where a court of justice is held; a courthouse. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > place where court is held > [noun] > courthouse

doom-housec1000

speech-housec1050

tolsel1373

porcha1382

pleading house1440

courthouse1483

plead housec1485

pleading place1565

law-housea1610

county hall1670

judiciary1681

Palais de Justice1792

plea-house1818

doom-hall1870

1681 W. Robertson Phraseologia Generalis 780 A Judiciary, or place of Judgment; Forum judiciale.

1694 T. Phillips Jrnl. Voy. in Churchill's Coll. Voy. (1732) VI. 292 This judiciary is seated in the midst of the town, the foundation or floot being of clay rais'd about four foot from the ground.

Compounds

judiciary committee n. chiefly North American (originally) any committee intended to carry out a judicial function; (in later use more usually) a committee charged with oversight of the administration of justice.Used esp. of two standing committees in the U.S. Congress, the House Committee on the Judiciary and the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, which have various responsibilities relating to the oversight of the judiciary and other matters relating to federal law and agencies. Also used of similar committees appointed at the state level.

ΚΠ

1790 Diary; or, Woodfall's Reg. 2 Jan. This first subject being thus disposed of, Mr. Tronchet resumed the reading of the excellent memoir of the Judiciary Committee.

1811 tr. A. de Beauchamp et al. Lives Remarkable Char. I. 66 He moved that the convention should form itself into a judiciary committee to try Louis XVI. and his family.

1813 Daily National Intelligencer (Washington) 11 Dec. Resolved, That the Judiciary Committee be instructed to enquire into the expediency of making provision by law for the appointment of an additional Judge of the Superior Court in the territory of Missouri.

1848 Amer. Almanac 1849 332 In the Senate he was chairman of the Judiciary Committee.

1921 Official Reg. 1921–2 (State of Iowa) 302 In the twentieth [Iowa] general assembly he was chairman of the house judiciary committee.

1979 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 4 Oct. Two of the three members of the judiciary committee of the Ontario Universities Athletic Association have resigned over an eligibility dispute.

2002 Time Out N.Y. 5 Sept. 19/2 Recently, the chair of the House Judiciary Committee..sent a list of several dozen questions to the DoJ [= Department of Justice] questioning the agency's conduct.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	judiciary
释义	judiciaryadj.n. Brit. /dʒᵿˈdɪʃ(ə)ri/, U.S. /dʒuˈdɪʃiˌɛri/, /dʒuˈdɪʃəri/ Forms: α. late Middle English iudiciarij, 1500s–1600s iudiciarie, 1500s–1600s iudiciary, 1600s– judiciary. β. 1500s judiciar (Scottish). Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French judiciaire; Latin iūdiciārius. Etymology: < (i) Middle French, French judiciaire of or relating to justice (1365), relating to or dependent on the interpretation of human affairs by reference to the motions of the planets and stars (although this is first attested slightly later than in English: 1558 or earlier), (of a person or body of people) having the function of judging (1579, in the passage translated in quot. 1587 at sense B. 1a, or earlier), (of speech or writing) intended to persuade the reader or hearer of the justice of a particular point (1602, in the passage translated in quot. 1603 at sense A. 4, or earlier), designating a duel or battle carried out to resolve a legal dispute or settle a case (1748, in the passage translated in quot. 1750 at sense A. 1c, or earlier), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin iūdiciārius of or relating to the law courts, in post-classical Latin also of or relating to divine judgement (early 3rd cent. in Tertullian), of or relating to the judgement of the senses (4th cent. in Augustine), of or for an ordeal (from 12th cent. in British sources), (in astrology) prognostic (from 13th cent. in British sources) < iūdicium judgement (see judicial adj.) + -ārius -ary suffix¹. Compare Spanish judiciario (a1384), Italian giudiziario (14th cent.), adjectives. With the uses as noun compare post-classical Latin judiciaria (feminine singular; also neuter plural) judicial district (8th cent.), jurisdiction (10th cent.), judiciarius (masculine) doomster, judge (12th cent.; from 13th cent. in British sources). Compare earlier judicial adj., and (with the use as noun) earlier judicial n.In sense B. 1a after Middle French judiciaire, feminine noun (French †judiciaire ) astrology (1581, in the passage translated in quot. 1587 at sense B. 1a, or earlier); compare Spanish (now hist.) judiciaria astrology (1560). With sense B. 1b compare Spanish (now hist.) judiciario astrologer (1569). A. adj. 1. a. = judicial adj. 1a, 1b. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > judge > [adjective] judiciary?a1425 justicely1434 judicial1548 judicatoriala1656 ?a1425 (a1415) Lanterne of Liȝt (Harl.) (1917) 76 (MED) Alle þe mynystris of þe chirch, in bischopis & in prestis, han þe same iudiciarij powere. 1590 J. Davidson D. Bancrofts Rashnes sig. 7 Som..haue not spared..to take boldnes therby of late, in their publict Iudiciary trials reprochfully, to vpbraid our countrimen. 1612 T. Taylor Αρχὴν Ἁπάντων: Comm. Epist. Paul to Titus ii. 13 Although he shall exercise his iudiciarie power. 1670 T. Blount Νομο-λεξικον: Law-dict. Ded. Persons, Dignified with the Judiciary Scarlet Robe. 1721 T. D'Urfey Two Queens Brentford iv. i, in New Opera's 54 Now this is formal, you must know, as judiciary Matters should be. 1778 E. Pendleton Let. 31 Jan. in Lett. & Papers (1967) I. 247 The Assize..will be adopted 'ere long, as our Judiciary System is lame without it. 1837 Plaindealer 1 July 489/2 A reform of the judiciary system would naturally engage the attention of the convention we propose. 1875 K. E. Digby Introd. Hist. Law Real Prop. ii. 53 Laws..are made indirectly by the tribunals in deciding upon particular cases... [These] are sometimes called judge-made, or judiciary laws. 1922 City Club Bull. (Chicago) 16 Oct. 111/1 The judiciary branch of the government is given increased independence and authority. 1967 Grand Prairie (Texas) Daily News 24 May 10/2 More than 1,600 living graduates of Texas' oldest law school..still pound the judiciary gavel. 2007 K. F. Greif & J. F. Merz Current Controv. Biol. Sci. i. 7 The judiciary branch of government plays an active role in science policy. b. = judicial adj. 1c. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > judge > [adjective] > having function of judge judicial1561 judiciary1606 1606 R. Knolles tr. J. Bodin Six Bks. Common-weale iii. v. 328 They by lot drew a certaine number of particular judges out of them, which by the lawes might in such causes be iudiciarie judges [Fr. qui pouuoyent estre iuges par les loix iudiciaires]. 1690 J. Child Disc. Trade vi. 117 So many of the Said Judiciary Merchants as heard the Said Cause and Causes, and Signed the Judgments or final Decrees in them. 1785 London Chron. 20 Oct. 387/1 The judiciary court will cause due enquiry to be made touching riotous and unlawful assemblies and their misdemeanors. 1848 Southern Literary Messenger Mar. 139/1 He..remodeled the judiciary body known as the Areopagus. 1921 Pennsylvania Med. Jrnl. June 656/1 We..consider that the Compensation Board is judiciary; because it decides the amount of money to be paid and whether the claims are proper or not. 1983 Amer. Ethnologist 10 291 Although some compound heads enjoy more prestige and influence than others..none was entitled to convene a judiciary assembly above the level of the compound. 2009 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 29 Sept. 17 Independent disciplinary hearings..will be heard by one judiciary officer this season, replacing the three-man disciplinary committees. c. = judicial adj. 1d. historical. ΚΠ 1750 T. Nugent tr. C.-L. de S. de Montesquieu Spirit of Laws II. xxviii. xxv. 279 The practice of judiciary combat [Fr. combat judiciaire] had this advantage, that it was apt to change a general into a particular quarrel. 1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. xxii. 337 The first written injunction of judiciary combats that we meet with, is in the laws of Gundebald, a.d. 501. 1789 Analyt. Rev. 4 App. 562 History of the judiciary duel. 1829 K. H. Digby Broad Stone of Honour: Godefridus xxi. 273 The clergy of Spain..instead of compurgatory oaths and judiciary combats, ordained the proofs by witnesses and regular examination. 1840 Army & Navy Chron. 12 Mar. 165/2 Our barbarous ancestors are frequently ridiculed for the practice of judiciary duels. 1904 Internat. Q. Mar. 125 He is ready to uphold what he says against any comer in judiciary battle. 1974 Dante Stud. No. 92. 131 Amile is called upon to exonerate himself in judiciary combat. 2005 M. Szkilnik in N. J. Lacy & J. T. Grimbert Compan. Chrétien de Troyes xv. 212 He seemingly did not sense the gradation from Yvain's first fight against Count Alier to Yvain and Gauvain's final judiciary combat. 2. Astrology. = judicial adj. 6. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > astrology > judicial astrology > judgement > [adjective] judicialc1400 judiciary1555 1555 L. Digges Prognostication Right Good Effect sig. B.iij How far from woorthy thankes giuing are they, which.., checkyng bitterly the Astrologer, with these iudiciarie maters..whan thinges fortune contrarie to expectation? 1575 tr. L. Daneau Dialogue Witches i. sig. C.iii^v The Augures or Soothsayers of Roome describing & diuiding the ayre into certen quarters and regions, gathered their profecies therof, euen as the Iudiciarie Astrologians do at this day. 1604 T. Wright Passions of Minde (new ed.) vi. 315 What vaine studies exercise..our iudiciarie Astronomers, by calculating nativitees telling events. 1716 M. Davies Athenæ Britannicæ II. iv. 340 This Mathematician, with most others of those days, seems to stick to the vulgar Notions of the Ptolomaical Judiciary Astrology. 1816 Brit. Rev. May 405 It seems difficult to conceive how judiciary astrology could ever have co-existed with a tolerable intelligence in the principles of astronomy and the planetary motions. 1900 R. Parsons Stud. Church Hist. VI. Suppl. v. 529 All that was magical in astrology—that is, the so-called judiciary astrology—was always condemned by the Church. 1989 16th Cent. Jrnl. 20 45 That Ferrand espoused the doctrines of the judiciary astrologers was also a particularly telling blow against his treatise. 3. = judicial adj. 2. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > law > branch of the law > [adjective] > secular judiciala1425 judiciary1586 1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 597 The Iudiciarie lawes [Fr. lesdites Loix iudiciaires] were cancelled & abolished, without violating in any sort the dutie of charitie. 1699 Bp. G. Burnet Expos. Thirty-nine Articles vii. 101 The Judiciary Parts of the Law were those that related to them as they were a Society of Men. 1772 tr. J. A. Dumay Lett. to Mr. Kennicott iv. 142 Under this Hebrew substantive is comprehended the collection of all the Mosaical laws, whether ceremonial, moral, or judiciary. 1876 W. H. Hutchings Person & Work Holy Ghost (ed. 2) ii. 53 Judiciary precepts were not like the Ceremonial, capable of a mystical interpretation. 1918 C. A. Bachofen Comm. New Code Canon Law (ed. 2) I. 12 As to the Old Testament, a distinction must be made between moral, ceremonial, and judiciary laws. 4. Rhetoric. = judicial adj. 7. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > [adjective] > other specific style judicial1532 heroic1590 judiciary1603 wild1645 heroi-comic1708 mock-heroic1708 heroi-comical1712 flebilea1734 prosai-comi-epic1749 lusory1779 sulphureous1791 harlequinic1804 mock-heroical1825 newspaperish1825 marmoreal1892 kailyard1895 freestyle1906 paperback1921 nouny1926 Time-ese1947 nounal1952 kitchen sink1959 effectist1961 writerly1974 dirty realist1984 the mind > language > speech > speech-making > rhetoric > [adjective] rhetorical1530 judicial1532 judiciary1776 demegoric1892 1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. iii. xii. 628 Verely it was reason, hee should preferre it before that, which the great Orator Lysias had set downe in writing for him; excellently fashioned in a judiciarie Stile [Fr. au stile iudiciaire]. 1742 D. Hume Ess. Moral & Polit. II. ii. 19 Nor do we find, in the Greek Orations wrote in the judiciary Form, such a bold and rhetorical Stile as appears in the Roman. 1776 G. Campbell Philos. of Rhetoric I. Introd. 19 Three sorts of orations..the deliberative, the judiciary and the demonstrative. 1811 D. M. Crimmin tr. Aristotle Diss. Rhetoric iii. xii. 431 The dictation of judiciary rhetoric ought to be more exact and more laboured. 1974 M. Taylor tr. C. Metz Film Lang. 98 The word [diagesis]..was used particularly to designate one of the obligatory parts of judiciary discourse, the recital of facts. 1994 A. Oldcorn tr. R. Bonfil Jewish Life Renaissance Italy v. 165 Psalm 45 is a perfect example of epideictic rhetoric.., the speech of Tekoa to King David (2 Samuel 14:1-20) is an example of judiciary rhetoric. †5. = judicial adj. 5. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > [adjective] > of the nature of divine punishment judicial1613 judiciary1630 judgement-like1645 the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > activities of God > [adjective] > of judgements of God sententiala1603 judicial1613 judiciary1630 1630 R. Welstead Cure Hard-heart 49 That total finall hardnesse [of heart]..which is more properly termed Iudiciary or Penall, that befals only the reprobate. a1655 R. Robinson Christ All (1656) 425 It is a judiciary hand of God upon the Papists. 1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. III i. i. 24 Judiciarie Hardnesse of heart and Blindnesse of Minde. 1790 tr. E. Swedenborg in New-Jerusalem Mag. Feb. 76 A judiciary sentence for salvation or damnation upon all the dead. 1829 M. Smith Epitome Systematic Theol. 231 God..does inflict on some men, judiciary blindness, hardness, and reprobacy of mind, but not on his friends. †6. = judicial adj. 4. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > [adjective] judging1546 judicial1589 judicatory1603 judiciarya1631 dijudicative1660 a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1958) IX. 86 I have a Power to Judge; a judiciary, a discretive power. 1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. v. 58 This Judgement may not unfitly be termed Judiciary. B. n. †1. a. Astrology; the art or practice of divination. Cf. sense A. 2. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > divination > [noun] > an art of judiciary1587 1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. xxv. 436 What arte moued Iacob to say it..? If ye say Phiznomie or Iudiciarie [Fr. Iudiciaire], the good old man was blind. 1594 R. Carew tr. J. Huarte Exam. Mens Wits xii. 183 All the sciences belonging to the imagination..as the Mathematicks, Astrologie, Arithmeticke, Perspectiue, Iudiciarie [Sp. judiciaria], and the rest. b. An astrologer; a person who practises divination. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > astrology > judicial astrology > [noun] > person astrologera1382 castera1382 astronomera1387 planetist1509 horoscoper1561 figure-caster1584 figure-flinger1587 philomath1611 judiciary1618 planetary1625 astromancer1652 astromantic1652 configurator1652 horoscopist1652 planetarian1652 Babylonian1677 1618 B. Holyday Technogamia iii. ii. sig. G^v Then there is your Iudiciarie, which is either Genethliacall, or Catholike instructing in predictions, either Idiomaticall or Symptomaticall. 1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 136 May not the morose judiciaries be thus urged? 2. a. A body of judges or persons having judicial power; a court of justice or other legal tribunal. Later also (originally U.S.): the system of courts and judges, considered collectively; the branch of government which administers justice, esp. as contrasted with the executive and the legislature.rare before the late 18th cent., when it began to be used in the newly constituted United States with reference to the state and federal systems for administering justice, and later more widely in other English-speaking territories. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] court1297 justicec1300 benchc1325 consistoryc1386 King's Courtc1400 open court?1456 justiciary1486 justry1489 seat1560 civil court1567 tribunal1590 judicatory1593 judicature1593 law-court1619 judiciary1623 jurisdiction1765 forum1848 1623 H. Constable Catholike Moderator v. 51 A thing contrary to all Ciuill Law, to equity it selfe, and to the customes of all the Parliaments, high courts of Iustice, and other Iudiciaries. 1655 J. Lightfoot Harmony New-Test. 6 Yet was not that Court, nor the judiciary thereof utterly extinguisht, but revived again, and continued till many years after the destruction of the City. 1786 Boston Mag. Nov. & Dec. 442/2 To hold men in public trust in a proper state of responsibility, a federal judiciary may be found to be expedient for several purposes. 1788 Deb. & Other Proc. Convent. Virginia 69 If Sheriffs thus immediately under the eye of our State Legislature and Judiciary, have dared to commit these outrages, [etc.]. 1802 M. Cutler Jrnl. 20 Feb. in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler Life, Jrnls. & Corr. M. Cutler (1888) II. 81 He at length pointed out..the impossibility of a government being supported without an independent Judiciary. 1879 W. E. Gladstone Gleanings Past Years VI. iii. 185 That strength depends on the magistracy, the police, the judiciary, the standing army. 1885 Law Times 79 83/1 Head of the Irish magistracy and chief of the judiciary. 1925 Amer. Mercury Oct. 214/1 The police heads and the local judiciary refused to be sympathetic. 1973 Times 9 Jan. 13/3 It meant equal rights for the individual, to be implemented by an independent judiciary. 2004 H. Kennedy Just Law (2005) v. 127 In a political climate generated by fear of terrorism, members of the judiciary may be subject to a host of pressures. †b. A place where a court of justice is held; a courthouse. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > place where court is held > [noun] > courthouse doom-housec1000 speech-housec1050 tolsel1373 porcha1382 pleading house1440 courthouse1483 plead housec1485 pleading place1565 law-housea1610 county hall1670 judiciary1681 Palais de Justice1792 plea-house1818 doom-hall1870 1681 W. Robertson Phraseologia Generalis 780 A Judiciary, or place of Judgment; Forum judiciale. 1694 T. Phillips Jrnl. Voy. in Churchill's Coll. Voy. (1732) VI. 292 This judiciary is seated in the midst of the town, the foundation or floot being of clay rais'd about four foot from the ground. Compounds judiciary committee n. chiefly North American (originally) any committee intended to carry out a judicial function; (in later use more usually) a committee charged with oversight of the administration of justice.Used esp. of two standing committees in the U.S. Congress, the House Committee on the Judiciary and the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, which have various responsibilities relating to the oversight of the judiciary and other matters relating to federal law and agencies. Also used of similar committees appointed at the state level. ΚΠ 1790 Diary; or, Woodfall's Reg. 2 Jan. This first subject being thus disposed of, Mr. Tronchet resumed the reading of the excellent memoir of the Judiciary Committee. 1811 tr. A. de Beauchamp et al. Lives Remarkable Char. I. 66 He moved that the convention should form itself into a judiciary committee to try Louis XVI. and his family. 1813 Daily National Intelligencer (Washington) 11 Dec. Resolved, That the Judiciary Committee be instructed to enquire into the expediency of making provision by law for the appointment of an additional Judge of the Superior Court in the territory of Missouri. 1848 Amer. Almanac 1849 332 In the Senate he was chairman of the Judiciary Committee. 1921 Official Reg. 1921–2 (State of Iowa) 302 In the twentieth [Iowa] general assembly he was chairman of the house judiciary committee. 1979 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 4 Oct. Two of the three members of the judiciary committee of the Ontario Universities Athletic Association have resigned over an eligibility dispute. 2002 Time Out N.Y. 5 Sept. 19/2 Recently, the chair of the House Judiciary Committee..sent a list of several dozen questions to the DoJ [= Department of Justice] questioning the agency's conduct. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.?a1425
随便看	alive-like alivelike aliveness alivenesses aliver alives alives-like aliveslike alivest aliya aliyah aliyahs aliyas alizarate alizari alizaric alizaric acid alizarin alizarin crimson alizarin red alizarin violet alizarins alizaris alka-seltzer alkadiene