α. late Middle English iudiciarij, 1500s–1600s iudiciarie, 1500s–1600s iudiciary, 1600s– judiciary.
β. 1500s judiciar (Scottish).
judiciaryadj.n.
/dʒᵿˈdɪʃ(ə)ri/, U.S. /dʒuˈdɪʃiˌɛri/, /dʒuˈdɪʃəri/ A. adj.† 5. = judicial adj. 5. Obsolete.† 6. = judicial adj. 4. Obsolete.
1.
a. = judicial adj. 1a, 1b.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > judge > [adjective]
judiciary?a1425
justicely1434
judicial1548
judicatoriala1656
?a1425 (a1415) Lanterne of Liȝt (Harl.) (1917) 76 (MED) Alle þe mynystris of þe chirch, in bischopis & in prestis, han þe same iudiciarij powere.
1590 J. Davidson D. Bancrofts Rashnes sig. 7 Som..haue not spared..to take boldnes therby of late, in their publict Iudiciary trials reprochfully, to vpbraid our countrimen.
1612 T. Taylor Αρχὴν Ἁπάντων: Comm. Epist. Paul to Titus ii. 13 Although he shall exercise his iudiciarie power.
1670 T. Blount Νομο-λεξικον: Law-dict. Ded. Persons, Dignified with the Judiciary Scarlet Robe.
1721 T. D'Urfey Two Queens Brentford iv. i, in New Opera's 54 Now this is formal, you must know, as judiciary Matters should be.
1778 E. Pendleton Let. 31 Jan. in Lett. & Papers (1967) I. 247 The Assize..will be adopted 'ere long, as our Judiciary System is lame without it.
1837 Plaindealer 1 July 489/2 A reform of the judiciary system would naturally engage the attention of the convention we propose.
1875 K. E. Digby Introd. Hist. Law Real Prop. ii. 53 Laws..are made indirectly by the tribunals in deciding upon particular cases... [These] are sometimes called judge-made, or judiciary laws.
1922 City Club Bull. (Chicago) 16 Oct. 111/1 The judiciary branch of the government is given increased independence and authority.
1967 Grand Prairie (Texas) Daily News 24 May 10/2 More than 1,600 living graduates of Texas' oldest law school..still pound the judiciary gavel.
2007 K. F. Greif & J. F. Merz Current Controv. Biol. Sci. i. 7 The judiciary branch of government plays an active role in science policy.
b. = judicial adj. 1c.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > judge > [adjective] > having function of judge
judicial1561
judiciary1606
1606 R. Knolles tr. J. Bodin Six Bks. Common-weale iii. v. 328 They by lot drew a certaine number of particular judges out of them, which by the lawes might in such causes be iudiciarie judges [Fr. qui pouuoyent estre iuges par les loix iudiciaires].
1690 J. Child Disc. Trade vi. 117 So many of the Said Judiciary Merchants as heard the Said Cause and Causes, and Signed the Judgments or final Decrees in them.
1785 London Chron. 20 Oct. 387/1 The judiciary court will cause due enquiry to be made touching riotous and unlawful assemblies and their misdemeanors.
1848 Southern Literary Messenger Mar. 139/1 He..remodeled the judiciary body known as the Areopagus.
1921 Pennsylvania Med. Jrnl. June 656/1 We..consider that the Compensation Board is judiciary; because it decides the amount of money to be paid and whether the claims are proper or not.
1983 Amer. Ethnologist 10 291 Although some compound heads enjoy more prestige and influence than others..none was entitled to convene a judiciary assembly above the level of the compound.
2009 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 29 Sept. 17 Independent disciplinary hearings..will be heard by one judiciary officer this season, replacing the three-man disciplinary committees.
c. = judicial adj. 1d. historical.
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1750 T. Nugent tr. C.-L. de S. de Montesquieu Spirit of Laws II. xxviii. xxv. 279 The practice of judiciary combat [Fr. combat judiciaire] had this advantage, that it was apt to change a general into a particular quarrel.
1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. xxii. 337 The first written injunction of judiciary combats that we meet with, is in the laws of Gundebald, a.d. 501.
1789 Analyt. Rev. 4 App. 562 History of the judiciary duel.
1829 K. H. Digby Broad Stone of Honour: Godefridus xxi. 273 The clergy of Spain..instead of compurgatory oaths and judiciary combats, ordained the proofs by witnesses and regular examination.
1840 Army & Navy Chron. 12 Mar. 165/2 Our barbarous ancestors are frequently ridiculed for the practice of judiciary duels.
1904 Internat. Q. Mar. 125 He is ready to uphold what he says against any comer in judiciary battle.
1974 Dante Stud. No. 92. 131 Amile is called upon to exonerate himself in judiciary combat.
2005 M. Szkilnik in N. J. Lacy & J. T. Grimbert Compan. Chrétien de Troyes xv. 212 He seemingly did not sense the gradation from Yvain's first fight against Count Alier to Yvain and Gauvain's final judiciary combat.
2. Astrology. = judicial adj. 6. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > astrology > judicial astrology > judgement > [adjective]
judicialc1400
judiciary1555
1555 L. Digges Prognostication Right Good Effect sig. B.iij How far from woorthy thankes giuing are they, which.., checkyng bitterly the Astrologer, with these iudiciarie maters..whan thinges fortune contrarie to expectation?
1575 tr. L. Daneau Dialogue Witches i. sig. C.iiiv The Augures or Soothsayers of Roome describing & diuiding the ayre into certen quarters and regions, gathered their profecies therof, euen as the Iudiciarie Astrologians do at this day.
1604 T. Wright Passions of Minde (new ed.) vi. 315 What vaine studies exercise..our iudiciarie Astronomers, by calculating nativitees telling events.
1716 M. Davies Athenæ Britannicæ II. iv. 340 This Mathematician, with most others of those days, seems to stick to the vulgar Notions of the Ptolomaical Judiciary Astrology.
1816 Brit. Rev. May 405 It seems difficult to conceive how judiciary astrology could ever have co-existed with a tolerable intelligence in the principles of astronomy and the planetary motions.
1900 R. Parsons Stud. Church Hist. VI. Suppl. v. 529 All that was magical in astrology—that is, the so-called judiciary astrology—was always condemned by the Church.
1989 16th Cent. Jrnl. 20 45 That Ferrand espoused the doctrines of the judiciary astrologers was also a particularly telling blow against his treatise.
3. = judicial adj. 2. Now rare.
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society > law > branch of the law > [adjective] > secular
judiciala1425
judiciary1586
1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 597 The Iudiciarie lawes [Fr. lesdites Loix iudiciaires] were cancelled & abolished, without violating in any sort the dutie of charitie.
1699 Bp. G. Burnet Expos. Thirty-nine Articles vii. 101 The Judiciary Parts of the Law were those that related to them as they were a Society of Men.
1772 tr. J. A. Dumay Lett. to Mr. Kennicott iv. 142 Under this Hebrew substantive is comprehended the collection of all the Mosaical laws, whether ceremonial, moral, or judiciary.
1876 W. H. Hutchings Person & Work Holy Ghost (ed. 2) ii. 53 Judiciary precepts were not like the Ceremonial, capable of a mystical interpretation.
1918 C. A. Bachofen Comm. New Code Canon Law (ed. 2) I. 12 As to the Old Testament, a distinction must be made between moral, ceremonial, and judiciary laws.
4. Rhetoric. = judicial adj. 7. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > [adjective] > other specific style
judicial1532
heroic1590
judiciary1603
wild1645
heroi-comic1708
mock-heroic1708
heroi-comical1712
flebilea1734
prosai-comi-epic1749
lusory1779
sulphureous1791
harlequinic1804
mock-heroical1825
newspaperish1825
marmoreal1892
kailyard1895
freestyle1906
paperback1921
nouny1926
Time-ese1947
nounal1952
kitchen sink1959
effectist1961
writerly1974
dirty realist1984
the mind > language > speech > speech-making > rhetoric > [adjective]
rhetorical1530
judicial1532
judiciary1776
demegoric1892
1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. iii. xii. 628 Verely it was reason, hee should preferre it before that, which the great Orator Lysias had set downe in writing for him; excellently fashioned in a judiciarie Stile [Fr. au stile iudiciaire].
1742 D. Hume Ess. Moral & Polit. II. ii. 19 Nor do we find, in the Greek Orations wrote in the judiciary Form, such a bold and rhetorical Stile as appears in the Roman.
1776 G. Campbell Philos. of Rhetoric I. Introd. 19 Three sorts of orations..the deliberative, the judiciary and the demonstrative.
1811 D. M. Crimmin tr. Aristotle Diss. Rhetoric iii. xii. 431 The dictation of judiciary rhetoric ought to be more exact and more laboured.
1974 M. Taylor tr. C. Metz Film Lang. 98 The word [diagesis]..was used particularly to designate one of the obligatory parts of judiciary discourse, the recital of facts.
1994 A. Oldcorn tr. R. Bonfil Jewish Life Renaissance Italy v. 165 Psalm 45 is a perfect example of epideictic rhetoric.., the speech of Tekoa to King David (2 Samuel 14:1-20) is an example of judiciary rhetoric.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > [adjective] > of the nature of divine punishment
judicial1613
judiciary1630
judgement-like1645
the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > activities of God > [adjective] > of judgements of God
sententiala1603
judicial1613
judiciary1630
1630 R. Welstead Cure Hard-heart 49 That total finall hardnesse [of heart]..which is more properly termed Iudiciary or Penall, that befals only the reprobate.
a1655 R. Robinson Christ All (1656) 425 It is a judiciary hand of God upon the Papists.
1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. III i. i. 24 Judiciarie Hardnesse of heart and Blindnesse of Minde.
1790 tr. E. Swedenborg in New-Jerusalem Mag. Feb. 76 A judiciary sentence for salvation or damnation upon all the dead.
1829 M. Smith Epitome Systematic Theol. 231 God..does inflict on some men, judiciary blindness, hardness, and reprobacy of mind, but not on his friends.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > [adjective]
judging1546
judicial1589
judicatory1603
judiciarya1631
dijudicative1660
a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1958) IX. 86 I have a Power to Judge; a judiciary, a discretive power.
1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. v. 58 This Judgement may not unfitly be termed Judiciary.
B. n.† 1.
a. Astrology; the art or practice of divination. Cf. sense A. 2. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > divination > [noun] > an art of
judiciary1587
1587 Sir P. Sidney & A. Golding tr. P. de Mornay Trewnesse Christian Relig. xxv. 436 What arte moued Iacob to say it..? If ye say Phiznomie or Iudiciarie [Fr. Iudiciaire], the good old man was blind.
1594 R. Carew tr. J. Huarte Exam. Mens Wits xii. 183 All the sciences belonging to the imagination..as the Mathematicks, Astrologie, Arithmeticke, Perspectiue, Iudiciarie [Sp. judiciaria], and the rest.
b. An astrologer; a person who practises divination. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > astrology > judicial astrology > [noun] > person
astrologera1382
castera1382
astronomera1387
planetist1509
horoscoper1561
figure-caster1584
figure-flinger1587
philomath1611
judiciary1618
planetary1625
astromancer1652
astromantic1652
configurator1652
horoscopist1652
planetarian1652
Babylonian1677
1618 B. Holyday Technogamia iii. ii. sig. Gv Then there is your Iudiciarie, which is either Genethliacall, or Catholike instructing in predictions, either Idiomaticall or Symptomaticall.
1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 136 May not the morose judiciaries be thus urged?
2. † b. A place where a court of justice is held; a courthouse. Obsolete. rare.
a. A body of judges or persons having judicial power; a court of justice or other legal tribunal. Later also (originally U.S.): the system of courts and judges, considered collectively; the branch of government which administers justice, esp. as contrasted with the executive and the legislature.rare before the late 18th cent., when it began to be used in the newly constituted United States with reference to the state and federal systems for administering justice, and later more widely in other English-speaking territories.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun]
court1297
justicec1300
benchc1325
consistoryc1386
King's Courtc1400
open court?1456
justiciary1486
justry1489
seat1560
civil court1567
tribunal1590
judicatory1593
judicature1593
law-court1619
judiciary1623
jurisdiction1765
forum1848
1623 H. Constable Catholike Moderator v. 51 A thing contrary to all Ciuill Law, to equity it selfe, and to the customes of all the Parliaments, high courts of Iustice, and other Iudiciaries.
1655 J. Lightfoot Harmony New-Test. 6 Yet was not that Court, nor the judiciary thereof utterly extinguisht, but revived again, and continued till many years after the destruction of the City.
1786 Boston Mag. Nov. & Dec. 442/2 To hold men in public trust in a proper state of responsibility, a federal judiciary may be found to be expedient for several purposes.
1788 Deb. & Other Proc. Convent. Virginia 69 If Sheriffs thus immediately under the eye of our State Legislature and Judiciary, have dared to commit these outrages, [etc.].
1802 M. Cutler Jrnl. 20 Feb. in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler Life, Jrnls. & Corr. M. Cutler (1888) II. 81 He at length pointed out..the impossibility of a government being supported without an independent Judiciary.
1879 W. E. Gladstone Gleanings Past Years VI. iii. 185 That strength depends on the magistracy, the police, the judiciary, the standing army.
1885 Law Times 79 83/1 Head of the Irish magistracy and chief of the judiciary.
1925 Amer. Mercury Oct. 214/1 The police heads and the local judiciary refused to be sympathetic.
1973 Times 9 Jan. 13/3 It meant equal rights for the individual, to be implemented by an independent judiciary.
2004 H. Kennedy Just Law (2005) v. 127 In a political climate generated by fear of terrorism, members of the judiciary may be subject to a host of pressures.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > place where court is held > [noun] > courthouse
doom-housec1000
speech-housec1050
tolsel1373
porcha1382
pleading house1440
courthouse1483
plead housec1485
pleading place1565
law-housea1610
county hall1670
judiciary1681
Palais de Justice1792
plea-house1818
doom-hall1870
1681 W. Robertson Phraseologia Generalis 780 A Judiciary, or place of Judgment; Forum judiciale.
1694 T. Phillips Jrnl. Voy. in Churchill's Coll. Voy. (1732) VI. 292 This judiciary is seated in the midst of the town, the foundation or floot being of clay rais'd about four foot from the ground.
Compounds
judiciary committee n. chiefly North American (originally) any committee intended to carry out a judicial function; (in later use more usually) a committee charged with oversight of the administration of justice.Used esp. of two standing committees in the U.S. Congress, the House Committee on the Judiciary and the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, which have various responsibilities relating to the oversight of the judiciary and other matters relating to federal law and agencies. Also used of similar committees appointed at the state level.
ΚΠ
1790 Diary; or, Woodfall's Reg. 2 Jan. This first subject being thus disposed of, Mr. Tronchet resumed the reading of the excellent memoir of the Judiciary Committee.
1811 tr. A. de Beauchamp et al. Lives Remarkable Char. I. 66 He moved that the convention should form itself into a judiciary committee to try Louis XVI. and his family.
1813 Daily National Intelligencer (Washington) 11 Dec. Resolved, That the Judiciary Committee be instructed to enquire into the expediency of making provision by law for the appointment of an additional Judge of the Superior Court in the territory of Missouri.
1848 Amer. Almanac 1849 332 In the Senate he was chairman of the Judiciary Committee.
1921 Official Reg. 1921–2 (State of Iowa) 302 In the twentieth [Iowa] general assembly he was chairman of the house judiciary committee.
1979 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 4 Oct. Two of the three members of the judiciary committee of the Ontario Universities Athletic Association have resigned over an eligibility dispute.
2002 Time Out N.Y. 5 Sept. 19/2 Recently, the chair of the House Judiciary Committee..sent a list of several dozen questions to the DoJ [= Department of Justice] questioning the agency's conduct.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.n.?a1425