Kalmuckn.
/ˈkalmʌk/, U.S. /ˈkɑlˌmək/ 1.
a. A member of a Mongolian people living on the north-west shores of the Caspian Sea. Also attributive or as adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > ethnicities > Mongol peoples of the Caspian > [noun]
Kalmuck1613
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage iv. xiii. 358 Master Ienkinson mentioneth a Nation liuing among the Tartars, called Kings; which are also Gentiles, as are also the Kirgessen..and the Colmackes, which worship the sunne.
1617 S. Purchas Pilgrimage (ed. 3) iv. xv. 482 There are some..which are not Mahumetans, nor shaue their haire of their heads after the Tartarian manner; and therefore they call them Calmuck or Pagans.
1757 J. Dyer Fleece iv. 126 The Cossac there, The Calmuc, and Mungalian, round the bales In crouds resort.
1783 W. Tooke tr. J. G. Georgi Russia IV. 121 The dwellings of the heathenish and christian Kalmucs.
1783 W. Tooke tr. J. G. Georgi Russia IV. 125 The Kalmuc hords on the Volga.
1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto VII lviii. 94 Suwarrow, who was standing in his shirt Before a company of Calmucks.
1882 R. L. Stevenson New Arabian Nights II. 66 His broken nose and high cheekbones gave him somewhat the air of a Kalmuck.
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXX. 8/2 Kalmyk, or Kalmuck Steppe, a territory or reservation belonging to the Kalmyks.
1903 R. Gower Rec. & Reminisc. 430 A man..with a rather Kalmuk-featured face and white curly hair.
1963 V. Nabokov Gift ii. 114 The compact, sturdy Kalmuk ponies walk in single file forming echelons.
1972 J. Poyer Chinese Agenda (1973) xiii. 180 A caravan of Kalmuck traders.
1972 J. Poyer Chinese Agenda (1973) xiii. 181 These Kalmucks are strictly traders.
b. The language of this people, belonging to the Ural-Altaic group.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > languages of the world > Altaic > [noun] > Mongolian > specific Mongolian languages
Buriat1836
Kalmuck1883
Khalkha1926
Tangut1954
1883 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 750/2 The Kalmuk and East Mongolian dialects do not differ much... In Kalmuk..the guttural can only be traced through the lengthening of the syllable.
1947 D. Diringer Alphabet ii. v. 318 The three principal [Mongolian] dialects, Khalkha, Kalmuck and Buriat, do not differ much.
2. (With small initial letter.) A kind of shaggy cloth, resembling bearskin (see also quot. 1940).
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [noun] > made in imitation of other fabrics > imitation animal skin
Kalmuck1860
sealskin1860
karakul cloth1894
seal-plush1896
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > wool > [noun] > type of > from specific place
Shetland1783
picklock1794
ostrich wool1812
gansey1822
Botany wool1834
botany1864
Shetland floss1877
Kalmuck1940
1860 S. Jubb Hist. Shoddy-trade 40 A cloth called calmucks..has..replaced ‘short ends’.
1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 128/1 Calmuc, a coarse type of wool, from the Khirghiz district, central Asia.
Derivatives
Kalˈmuckian adj.
ΚΠ
1727 J. G. Scheuchzer tr. E. Kæmpfer Hist. Japan I. i. vi. 90 The Prince of the Calmuckian Tartars.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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