| 释义 |
judgementjudgmentn. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French jugement. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman judgement, jugemen, juggement, juggment, jogement, jougement, jujement, gugement, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French jugement (French jugement ) judicial decision, pronouncement, or order, also the action or an act of making or announcing such a decision (end of the 11th cent. in Old French in a gloss in Rashi), the judgement by God either of humankind at the end of the world, or of every individual soul immediately after a person's death (first quarter of the 12th cent. with reference to the general judgement, 1400 or earlier with reference to the particular judgement), opinion, assessment (c1160; end of the 14th cent. or earlier in specific sense ‘negative opinion, censure, condemnation’), the critical faculty, discernment, discrimination (c1160), trial (c1170), decree (14th cent. or earlier), (in astrology) prediction, prognostication (a1324), sentence or decree proceeding from divine authority (although this is apparently first attested later than in English: late 14th cent.), decree (14th cent. or earlier) < juger , jugger , jugier judge v. + -ment -ment suffix. Compare post-classical Latin judicamentum verdict (from 11th cent. in British and continental sources), and also Old Occitan jutjamen , Catalan jutjament (12th cent.), Spanish juzgamiento (first half of the 15th cent.; early 13th cent. as †jutgamiento ), Portuguese julgamento (14th cent.; with the medial -l- compare julgar judge v.).Specific senses. Many senses are paralleled in classical Latin iūdicium legal proceedings, trial, court, tribunal, judicial assembly, (in plural) administration of justice, judging or deciding of a question, action of judging the merits of an argument, judicial authority, jurisdiction, decision, verdict, (in general) decision, expression of opinion, resolution, determination, considered opinion, belief, faculty of judging or deciding, discernment, discretion, criterion, in post-classical Latin also divine punishment or condemnation, decree, law, justice, equity, impartiality (Vulgate), (in astronomy) prognostication (from 12th cent. in British sources). With judgement of God at sense 9 compare post-classical Latin judicium Dei (from 11th cent. in British sources in this sense). With Last Judgement at sense 12 compare post-classical Latin ultimum iudicium , novissimum iudicium (5th cent. in Augustine), and other, similar phrases. In quotations from the Old Testament and Hebrew Scriptures in senses 10 and 4 ultimately after Hebrew mišpāṭ justice, righteousness, decree, ordinance (also ‘act of judging’, ‘legal sentence’), verbal noun < šāpaṭ to judge. In sense 6 ultimately after the specific medical use of ancient Greek κρίσις crisis n.; compare slightly earlier crisis n. 1. Spellings. The word is found in spellings with -dgm- from the early 16th cent., and by the late 17th cent. judgment had become the prevailing spelling, although judgement was still commonly found. Kersey (1702) is an unusually early example of a dictionary in which the headword form was given as judgement . During the 19th cent. the form judgement gained in frequency in British contexts, and is now the usual spelling in general British use, but judgment has remained the standard spelling in British legal contexts when used to refer to a judicial decision (see sense 8), as well as in U.S. usage. Specific forms. With the vowel variation shown by later Scots compare discussion at judge v. The β. forms probably show remodelling of the first element after the genitive singular of judge n. I. The action or result of forming or pronouncing an opinion. 1. the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > [noun] > faculty or instrument of a1250 (?a1200) (Nero) (1952) 52 Þeo hwule þet te heorte walleð wiðinnen of wreððe nis ðer no riht dom. ne no riht gugement. ?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius (BL Add. 10340) (1868) v. pr. ii. l. 4404 In þe souereyns deuynes substaunces..Iugement [L. iudicium] is more clere and wil nat be corumped. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (2003) §463 The herte of man..wexeth so trouble þt he is out of alle Iugement [c1410 Harl. 7334 Iuggements] of resoun. 1488 in W. Fraser (1868) I. 170 We..beand sworne..to deliuer tharapon eftir oure vnderstanding, lawteis and guegment. 1535 G. Joye sig. B.ijv Men of greter knowleg..and more excellent iugement in holy scripture. 1578 G. Best Ep. Ded. sig. a.iijv The sounde iudgement you haue to discern, as wel in this, as in al other causes of waight. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iii. vii. 54 You haue good iudgement in Horsemanship. View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton viii. 636 Take heed least Passion sway Thy Judgement . View more context for this quotation 1711 A. Pope 4 'Tis with our Judgments as our Watches, none Go just alike, yet each believes his own. 1770 Aug. 24/1 He..pointed out to me our saviour's sermon on the mount, which plainly shewed his poor judgment, for dear me! who does not understand that? a1832 J. Mackintosh (1834) ix. 244 Clarendon was zealous, but of small judgment. 1870 J. H. Newman ii. ix. 347 Aristotle calls the faculty which guides the mind in matters of conduct, by the name of phronesis, or judgment. 1918 E. J. Dillon x. 159 His success whenever he addressed them had turned his head and clouded his judgment. 1971 H. Wouk xi. 153 Day by day he was thinking more highly of the young girl's judgment. 2005 21 Oct. 37/2 This was a greater error of judgement than his failure to march into Baghdad a year later and save the world from the subsequent calamity. the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > discernment, discrimination > [noun] > good or sound judgement 1536 T. Starkey f. 34 Vndiscrete preachers of the gospell of god, whiche..by their lacke of iugement and discretion, haue broughte you oute of all good facion. 1548 f. cvi A kyng..must be a man of iudgement. 1576 A. Fleming To Rdr. sig. ¶v Whose minde is beautified with the amiable iuelles of knowledge, and iudgement. 1612 S. Rowlands 20 Boy, bring good wine, when men of iudgement cals. 1692 C. Gildon I. cxvi. 337 Knowing you..to be a Woman of Judgment, so well-bred, and so well-condition'd, that I could not fear but that all your Imployments would meet with good fortune. 1726 R. Blackmore Pref. p. lvi In vain then the Student that is destitute of Judgment, good Sense, and native Sagacity, hopes to supply that essential Defect, by [etc.]. 1785 W. Cowper vi. 657 A deed..owing more To want of judgment than to wrong design. a1834 S. T. Coleridge (1838) III. 21 Judgment, solid sense, invention in specialties,..in these we can shew giants. 1899 E. M. Nicholl 255 We are no longer children without sense or judgment. 1935 T. Wolfe xxxiii. 266 Like the write-up in the paper said he had the sense an' judgment of one twice his age. 1998 J. Ruryk xviii. 149 It was his lack of judgment that finished him. 2012 (Nexis) 24 Mar. 18 Always a man of judgment and taste, Churchill seems to have liked the drink [sc. Carlsberg Special Brew]. the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > discernment, discrimination > [noun] > one who discriminates > well 1609 W. Shakespeare i. ii. 188 Hee's man good enough, hees one o' th soundest iudgements [1623 iudgement] in Troy whosoeuer. View more context for this quotation 1671 J. Dryden Epil. Looking for a Judgement or a Wit, Like Jews I saw 'em scatter'd through the Pit. a1682 Sir T. Browne (1716) ii. 50 To undervalue a solid Judgment, because he knows not the genealogy of Hector. the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > [noun] 1749 T. Smollett tr. A. R. Le Sage III. viii. viii. 147 Don Anastasio having lost his judgment, seemed actuated by the furies. 1767 P. Fea Diary 31 Jan. in (1960) V. 349/2 Mr. Tytler..is again deprived of his Judgment. 1785 H. Arnot 89 The deponent..saw my Lady's head hanging over the bed-stock, and her face swoln, and her Ladyship to all appearance out of her judgment. 1821 Dec. 659/2 I am surprised ye could think of mentioning such a thing to a leddy. It's enough to frighten me out of my judgment. 1874 C. Gibbon II. ix. 132 There's this plea, and that plea, and one delay, and another delay, until I'm clean worried out of my judgment wi' expectations that come to naething. 1907 N. Munro xi. 106 Do not be carrying on, for you are frightening me out of my judgment. 1990 B. Whyte (1991) 160 My poor mother was out of her judgement with worry. 2. the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > [noun] a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) vi. l. 1301 Ek also Aeremance in juggement To love he bringth of his assent. c1400 (?a1300) (Laud) (1952) l. 7299 (MED) Þis his [read is] Alisaunders juggement. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (2003) §325 Insolent is he that despiseth in his Iugement [c1405 Ellesmere Iuggement] all oother folk. a1425 (?c1384) J. Wyclif (1871) III. 345 Wher men of worse liif mai sunner erre in þer jugement. a1500 Legend of Cross in (1965) 34 216 (MED) To suche iugement Moises was glad, and in a cleene cloth wrapped hem. 1559 W. Cuningham 86 This waye in my iudgement doeth excell all the rest. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iii. iv. 43 To morrow, in my iudgement [1597 mine opinion], is too sudden. 1671 R. Bohun 113 Wee may better make judgement of these Winds. 1741 I. Watts i. v. 78 If we would form a Judgment of a Book. 1799 J. Mackintosh Study Law Nature & Nations in (1846) I. 385 To form a sound judgment on political measures. 1844 D. Davison tr. F. C. Schlosser II. i. v. 43 Lessing did not merely wish to form a judgement about ancient works of art. 1874 T. De W. Talmage (1875) xxxiii. 213 If a merchant show great skill in his business, if he stand head and shoulders above others on the street in his judgment of commercial vicissitude. 1912 168 If a candidate..has been prevented by illness from completing his examinations, the Examiners may, if in their judgement his work is of sufficient merit, place his name at the foot of each copy of the Class List. 1948 R. W. Chapman (1949) vii. 105 There are passages which have been thought to justify..a very unfavourable judgement of the writer's character. 2004 S. M. Green ii. 53 Try not to base your judgment of the school on your impression of this person. the world > the universe > astrology > judicial astrology > judgement > [noun] a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) vii. l. 681 Astrologie, The which in juggementz acompteth Theffect, what every sterre amonteth. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) vi. l. 21 He can al the lawe deme, And yiven every juggement Which longeth to the firmament. 1583 J. Harvey sig. C8 That Astrologicall iudgement before drawn from the Lordly dominion of cruell Saturne ouer the 6. house, and his situacion in the 8. place from the Horoscope. 1682 J. Holwell 64 When two Planets rule, the Judgment shall be mixed and taken from them both. 1717 C. Leadbetter (title page) The Position of Heaven at the middle time of each visible Eclipse, with an Astrological Judgment deduced from the same. 1840 Sept. 221/1 The hour and the day of the child's birth indicate under what constellation he is born, and thus give rise to an astrological judgment as to his future destiny. 1934 L. Thorndike IV. xli. 96 It was at Bruges also that another physician..made in the year 1425 an astrological judgment based upon the great conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn..in the twelfth degree of Scorpion [sic]. 1996 H. deFouw & R. Svoboda vii. 184 The above example of an astrological judgment uses the days of the week for a selection (muhurta) in the context of a person's natal chart. society > faith > aspects of faith > creed > [noun] 1609 R. Parsons viii. 539 Bishops & Archbishops in England..were..in high fauour, and reuerence with the English Kings, with whom they lyued: wherof is inferred, that these Kings also must needs be of the same iudgment and beliefe. 1645 J. Goodwin 24 Let Mr. Prynne, and all other of the Presbyterian judgement, know assuredly, that [etc.]. c1665 L. Hutchinson (1973) 34 Having bene before of the Arminian judgement. 1687 N. Johnston 90 I do not herein aim at reflecting upon the Conformists in general; for..there are many sober, vertuous and religeous Persons of that Judgment. 1736 T. Carte II. vi. 207 There were some Divines of the Presbyterian judgment, who had lately got into Churches in and about Dublin. the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > [noun] > a judgement, ruling ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng (Petyt) ii. 303 To whils þat oure trewe duellis on jugement. c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 833 Who so be rebel to my Iuggement Shal paye for al that by the wey is spent. a1500 (?a1475) (Cambr. Ff.2.38) l. 672 And all þey seyde wyth oon assente: ‘We graunt wele to yowre yugement.’ 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane f. xiiij I will confourme my wyll vnto your iudgemente. 1603 W. Shakespeare v. ii. 231 Ham. Iudgement. Gent. A hit, a most palpable hit. 1622 R. Sanderson i. 4 This third Verse: wherein is contained.., Saint Pauls iudgement; or his counsell rather, and aduice. 1690 G. Burnet 4/1 I am so well perswaded of your Probity and Sincerity, that..I dare adventure to submit to your Judgment in the Contest, that seems to be between me and M. Le Grand. 1801 Dec. 688 Conscious of our want of knowledge in Chinese literature, we have been very cautious of hazarding a judgment, in the dispute between him and Dr Hager. 1878 R. Browning 292 The show of things unfurled For thy summing-up and judgement. 1987 G. A. Fine i. 21 Ball players occasionally dispute the judgment of the umpire on a particular call, but in all such situations the umpire overrules them. 2001 (Nexis) 13 July 1 a He said tournament officials were pleased with the referees' judgments and that the fault rests with the Rangers and McCabe. society > faith > aspects of faith > law > [noun] society > authority > command > command or bidding > [noun] > a command c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (2003) §438 The Apostle seith that the sciences and the Iugementz of oure lord god almyghty been ful depe. a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve (Harl. 4866) (1897) l. 1343 The iugementz of god ben to vs hid. 1526 Rom. xi. 33 Howe incomprehensible are his iudgementes, and hys wayes vnserchable. 1535 Psalms cxix. 30 I haue chosen the way of treuth, thy iudgmentes haue I layed before me. 1611 Exod. xxi. 1 Now these are the Iudgements [1530 Tyndale lawes; also in 1535 Coverdale, etc.] which thou shalt set before them. View more context for this quotation 1660 T. Hall 261 God promiseth that men shall walk in his wayes, and keep his judgements. 1720 B. Mandeville v. 116 His Judgments are a mysterious Abyss we ought not to meddle with. the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > discernment, discrimination > criticism > [noun] c1450 (c1350) (Bodl.) (1929) l. 462 Þere nis no jargoun no jangle ne juggementis [MS iuggemetis] falce. 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre (1913) 14 After the Iugement of the men ye are the very myrrour of al vertues. 1530 R. Whitford (new ed.) sig. F.iv Whan any persone also was suspecte of lepry, the iudgment and determynacyon therof remayned..vnto the preest. 1560 J. Daus in tr. J. Sleidane Ep. sig. Aiii The place and dignity, to the which (by the iudgement of al men) you are most worthely called. 1659 J. Ray (1848) 2 You have my designs, and I desire your judgment of them. 1670 W. Temple Let. 22 Nov. in (1731) II. 247 Upon all these Passages..I have fixed my Judgment of the Affairs and Counsels at present in Design or Deliberation here. 1754 23 May 438 Most men are apt to..pass their judgments upon a man's life from what he has said and acted in the last scene of it. 1781 J. O. Justamond tr. B.-F.-J. Mouffle d'Angerville IV. 272 This [credit] will not exculpate him in the more severe judgment of posterity. 1841–8 F. Myers II. iii. viii. 31 Scripture..with its selection of facts and moral judgements of them, has been ordained of God to be written thus rather than otherwise. 1864 C. Dickens (1865) I. i. vi. 52 We'll pass no judgment upon that. 1908 G. Oswell II. i. 46 Malcolm's generous apology..is conveyed in his judgement that it was ‘a pious and necessary fraud’. 1956 A. J. Cronin 203 Her sense of justice..detected in the review of his exhibition a note of prejudice, a judgment of the man rather than the artist. 1987 J. Rule i. 4 David accepted the teacher's judgement that being left-handed was babyish! 2001 A. Dangor (2004) xxi. 235 They..laughed at Julian's attempts to engage the young man's eyes, scoffed at his judgement that the waiter was gay, ‘and available’. the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > [noun] > stage of disease > crisis 1547 C. Langton sig. Kiiiv This worde Crisis, which the lattyns call iudicium & in english it may be called iugement: but at this present time it signiifieth any sudden mutation in every disease. 1579 T. Newton in W. Bullein (new ed.) f. 32v Sweates are best in sharpe Feuers, in the dayes of theyr decrees, or iudgments: but the contrary are perillous. 1583 P. Barrough iv. vi. 183 Let them be contented with ptisan brothe vntill the iudgement of the feuer. 1655 tr. Hippocrates 26 Fourteen days is the uttermost day that can be expected for the judgement or Crysis of such diseases. 1820 R. Hooper (ed. 4) 263/2 Crisis, the judgment. The sudden change of symptoms in acute diseases. 1982 26 Nov. 6/5 The ancients called that breaking point [of a fever] a judgement, or crisis, because it showed whether or not the patient all along had or had not the inherent power to live. 7. the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical syllogism > logical argument > [noun] > arrangement of parts of argument 1551 T. Wilson sig. I.iiijv Hetherto we haue treated of the former parte of logique called in latine Iuditium, that is to saye, Iudgement, or skill, to declare the nature of euerye worde seuerallie, to set the same wordes in a perfecte sentence, and to knitte them vp in argument. 1670 T. Gale 370 Axiomatick Judgment is the disposition of an Argument with an Argument, whereby we judge, that something is, or is not. 1678 E. Phillips (new ed.) Judgment, the second part of Logick which Disposes of Arguments for Disputation. the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical classification > [noun] > apprehending a relation between two concepts the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical classification > [noun] > apprehending a relation between two concepts > a judgement regarding 1678 R. Burthogge 42 Judgement is that Act of the Understanding whereby it having compared and considered things (presented to it, and apprehended by it,) comes in the end and upshot, either to Assent, or Dissent. 1704 J. Norris II. iii. 125 The old Philosophy..meaning by judgment the union or separation of things by affirmation or negation. 1725 I. Watts ii. Introd. The foregoing sentences which are examples of the act of judgment, are properly called propositions: Plato is a philosopher, &c. 1827 R. Whately 59 Judgement is the comparing together in the mind two of the notions or ideas which are the objects of apprehension. 1860 W. Thomson (ed. 5) ii. §67. 108 A Judgment, then, is an expression that two notions can or cannot be reconciled. 1864 F. C. Bowen v. 105 Judgment is that act of mind whereby the relation of one Concept to another..is determined. 1912 B. Russell xii. 196 It is easier to account for falsehood if we take judgment to be a relation in which the mind and the various objects concerned all occur severally; that is to say, Desdemona and loving and Cassio must all be terms in the relation which subsists when Othello believes that Desdemona loves Cassio. 1986 R. Gasché iii. 47 Kant..is not satisfied with the logician's definition of judgment as a representation of a relation between two concepts. II. The action or result of pronouncing a legal decision, and related uses. 8. society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > [noun] > judgement or decision of court ?a1300 Dame Sirith l. 246 in G. H. McKnight (1913) 12 For al þe world ne woldi nout Þat ich were to chapitre I-brout..Mi iugement were sone I-giuen. a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) l. 6776 Þou sal it quit wit iuiement [Fairf. iuggement]. a1450 in J. Kail (1904) 65 (MED) Feloun forfete in þefte or fyȝt, Þe iugement in þe nekke set. ?a1475 (1922) 235 A wondyr case..On wich we must gyf jewgement. 1548 f. ccxliiijv He confessed the Inditement, and so had Iudgement to bee hanged. 1560 1 Kings iii. 28 All Israel heard ye iudgement, which the King had iudged. 1647 C. Cotterell & W. Aylesbury tr. E. C. Davila i. 10 If he caused judgement to be given in favour of his mother. 1683 81 Silence was proclaim'd and Judgement given against Walcott, Hone, and Rouse. a1718 W. Penn Tracts in (1726) I. 501 Judgment is the Determination and Result of Law. 1775 II. 168 Your Lordships can no more legally revoke the judgment now it is passed, than you can give one respecting a property which was never yet litigated. 1818 W. Cruise (ed. 2) VI. 342 Judgment that the daughters of Richard and Mathew took only estates for life. 1856 J. A. Froude (1858) I. ii. 160 She appealed from the judgment of the legates to that of the pope. 1907 15 Jan. 257 The judgment of the Court is..that the motion be allowed, and that there be a rule absolute to quash. 1959 245 3 If one of the parties were killed in the battle, the suit would abate and no judgment could be given. 1987 Aug. 350/2 Most holiday complaints never get as far as a judgment. The tour operator commonly caves in and offers an acceptable amount of compensation. 2012 D. Cornell & N. Muvangua 21 In Justice Mokgoro's majority judgment in the Dikoko case she finds that [etc.]. society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > [noun] > judicial assignment of property 1608 T. Dekker sig. D3 He must..confesse a iudgment, for so much money, or for such a Manor or Lordship..to be paid or to be entred vpon by him, by such a day. 1641 86 The money recovered..will be Assets, in their hands, as well as debts recovered upon Bonds or Bills, or Lands, by them taken in Extent, upon Statutes, Recognizances, or Judgements. 1677 A. Yarranton 36 Bonds given to the King, although..never Recorded in the Exchequer, nor in any Court else; yet these Bonds are a Judgment in Law, and by virtue thereof will be first served. a1718 W. Penn Maxims in (1726) I. 845 As Judgments are paid before Bonds, and Bonds before Bills or Book-debts. 1725 D. Defoe I. i. 10 A judgment in goods taken in early, is never lost. 1766 W. Blackstone II. xxix. 436 A judgment, in consequence of some suit or action in a court of justice, is frequently the means of vesting the right and property of chattel interests in the prevailing party. 1858 Ld. St. Leonards xxi. 167 Upon a marriage, a mother assigned an unregistered judgment to a trustee for her daughter for life. 1870 c. 97 Schedule Warrant of Attorney to confess and enter up a judgment given as a security for the payment or repayment of money, or for the transfer or retransfer of stock. 1901 Mar. 82/1 The defendant offered to accept service of writ and to give a satisfactory bond to pay any judgment that the plaintiff might recover against him. 1912 6 Dec. 17/2 The case..was decided by a jury recently in favor of the plaintiff, giving him a judgment for $225. 2011 79 1622 A corporate insider..had caused the corporation to confess a judgment on salary claims due to him while another creditor's lawsuit was pending. society > morality > rightness or justice > [noun] society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > trying or hearing of cause > [noun] society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > trying or hearing of cause > [noun] > trial > trial by combat society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > trying or hearing of cause > [noun] > trial > trial by ordeal c1300 (c1250) (Cambr.) (1966) l. 669 Hit is riȝt..Felons inome hond habbing, For to suffre jugement. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) viii. l. 1943 Unto the toun this he besoghte, To don him riht in juggement. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland (Laud 581) (1869) B. xvi. l. 95 Þanne shulde Ihesus iuste þere-fore bi iuggement of armes, Whether shulde [fonge] þe fruit, þe fende or hymselue. 1488 (c1478) Hary (Adv.) (1968–9) ii. l. 248 To..bryng him wp out of that ugly sell To Iugisment. 1548 f. vjv They all foure were beheaded without iudgement. 1578 W. B. tr. Appian of Alexandria i. 45 They were kept in close pryson till the court day, and then called to iudgement. 1617 F. Moryson iii. 270 The Canton of Bern hath three Courts of Judgement. 1652 M. Nedham tr. J. Selden 5 This caus could not by any pretens bee brought into judgment. 1672 T. Manley sig. Pp2a Judicium Dei, The Judgment of God, so our Ancestors call'd those now prohibited Tryals of Ordeal, and its several kinds. 1735 12 Parmenio by whom you slew your Servant Attaius, was put to Death without Judgment. 1736 G. Webb 195 The Trials among the English, in Cases Criminal, upon apparent strong Suspicion, but where no direct Proof could be had, were decided by their Judgment of Ordeal. 1795 J. Gurney III. 217 King William would have been a traitor and an usurper, and subject as such to be tried at the Old Bailey, or wherever else the King, who took his place, thought fit to bring him to judgment. 1834 Sept. 245 This volume contains a very great many instances of the use of the judgment by ordeal. 1888 ‘F. Warden’ II. xvii. 171 He felt as if he himself had come up to judgement before a stern and unbending judge. 1910 E. Mason tr. 181 Get thee gone to my house, whilst I ride to do judgment by combat for thee upon this traitor. 1922 E. Bramah xi. 268 Kai Lung was finally brought up for judgment in accordance with the venomous scheme of the reptilian Ming-shu. 1972 E. M. Lowe tr. L. Fréderic ii. 66 Recourse was made to divine judgement or judgement by ordeal. 2001 A. Fraser (2002) xxv. 416 She was..an ordinary prisoner who would, like the rest of the occupants, soon be brought to judgement. society > law > legal right > [noun] > one's right(s) society > morality > rightness or justice > [noun] > maintenance of right by reward or punishment c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring (1891) xlix. 22 (MED) Y shal stablis iugumen oȝayn þy face. c1425 J. Lydgate (Augustus A.iv) iii. l. 3731 Eueryche affermynge, as by Iugement, Þat deth was noon ffully equipolent To his deserte nor to his falsenes. 1526 Matt. xxiii. f. xxxiij The waygthtyer mattres of the lawe..iudgement, mercy, and fayth. 1535 Ps. xcviii. A The kynges power loueth iudgment, thou preparest equite. 1560 Isa. x. 2 To take awaie the iudgement of the poore of my people [1535 Coverdale wherthorow..the innocentes of my people are there with robbed of iudgment]. 1611 Deut. x. 18 He doth execute the iudgement of [1530 Tyndale doeth right vnto] the fatherlesse and widow. View more context for this quotation 1611 Isa. lxi. 8 For I the Lord loue Iudgement, I hate robbery for burnt offering. View more context for this quotation 1739 xxxvii. 82 For God loves Judgment, and His Saints leaves not in any Case. society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > [noun] > area over which jurisdiction exercised society > law > legal power > [noun] > extent or range of jurisdiction > a district 1617 F. Moryson iii. 251 The third league called the tenne judgments, (or jurisdictions) and consisting of tenne communities joined in the league..1498. III. The determination of human reward and punishment by God. the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > activities of God > [noun] > trial or punishment by society > faith > aspects of faith > Bible, Scripture > biblical events > Second Coming > [noun] > apocalypse a1325 (c1280) (Pepys 2344) (1927) l. 211 Now is..þe wordles Iugement; Now worþ þe prince of þis wordle out ycast and ywent. c1330 (Auch.) (1882) l. 763 So schul we al arise & of þe dome agrise Atte day of iuggement. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (2003) §898 Þt god almyghty haue merci on yow in his laste Iugement. a1425 (a1400) (Galba & Harl.) (1863) l. 2802 (MED) Þan sal þai come til þe last iugement. c1475 (1969) l. 41 From þe wyche Gode preserue yow all at þe last jugement! a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 4 Derke þinges, for þe whiche we shul not be blamed in þe iuggement, þouȝ we knowe hem not. ?c1510 tr. sig. Diij Of this people shalbe no iugement at the dredefull day of dome. ?1520 tr. Peter of Luxembourg sig. B.iv Thou sholdeste thynke on the euylles of thy selfe... And after on the houre of dethe and on the houre of Iudgment. 1555 M. Huggarde sig. E.iv Oh what ioyful voyce to the shall it be, When Christ shal say at the iudgement general, Al ye my blessed children come to me. 1604 T. Bilson 455 A more fearefull torment abideth them in hell, and especially when the last iudgement commeth. a1677 T. Manton (1681) xiv. 77 They will not escape the judgment of the last day, when the sentence of that God shall infallibly be made good. 1723 J. Reynolds xxx. 196 They must be sentenced and doomed at the Judgment of the great Day. 1794 R. J. Sulivan I. 39 The saints and spirits of the blessed shall take possession of it, and there remain till the general judgment. 1830 8 May 301/1 Tho' the Hero o'er millions in slaughter hath trod—He is destined for Judgment—the judgment of God. 1895 Jan. 210 Among the boxes of bones found in the caves of the Mount of Olives,..brought from elsewhere, for interment near the expected site of the Last Judgement. 1941 A. C. Bouquet v. 56 Osiris..is also in his turn the president of the court of the gods which tries human souls at a last judgment. 1955 G. Gorer xiv. 251 They should..believe that the soul survives after the death of the body and comes to Judgment. 2000 D. Forrester in A. Hastings et al. 361/1 God's justice brings us all to judgement, it is true, but in judgement God's mercy is to be found. 2012 J. M. Todd tr. J. Tolan in J. Tolan et al. i. 26 For the Christian and for the Muslim, history has a beginning (the creation), a middle, and an end (the Apocalypse and Last Judgment). the world > the supernatural > deity > [noun] > activities of god(s) > punishment the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [noun] > misfortune or ill-luck > instance of misfortune or ill-luck > regarded as act of God a1400 (a1325) (Gött.) l. 1591 In form of iugement, A neu vengans on þaim he [sc. God] sent. a1470 T. Malory (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 172 ‘That is the ryghteuouse jugemente of God,’ seyde the damesell. 1560 Ezek. xiv. 21 When I send my foure sore iudgements vpon Ierusalem. 1603 A. Willet vii. 182 The great famine..was a iudgement rather vpon the whole land..then vpon him that did conquer it. 1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher ii. iv. 191 Hence I tooke a thought, This was a Iudgement on me. View more context for this quotation a1676 M. Hale (1677) ii. vii. 188 The Universal Deluge was a Judgment upon the Old World for their intolerable degeneration from their Duty to God. 1703 No. 3899/1 An Anniversary Thanksgiving..for our Deliverance from the Terrours of that dreadful Judgment [sc. an earthquake]. 1797 A. Radcliffe III. i. 9 Some people said it was a judgment upon him. 1816 J. Wilson ii. iii. 301 My sins have brought this judgment on the city. 1895 I. Maclaren vi. ii. 226 It's a judgment on me for ma pride..for a' boastit a' cudna be beat. 1939 D. Cecil v. 146 It flashed upon her that as a judgment for her sins it [sc. a dog] had gone mad and was going to bite the baby. 1987 in D. A. Feldman (1990) ii. 18 We need to stop the spread of AIDS. I feel it's a judgement from God. 2003 P. Morgan iii. 105 France..saw German victory as a judgement on parliamentary democracy. †IV. Jewish History. society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > [noun] > ancient Hebrew ruler > position or function of 1558 J. Knox f. 43v It is euident, that her [sc. Deborah's] iudgement or gouernement in Israel was no such vsurped power. 1883 W. H. Green iv. 164 Ramah was another place of Samuel's judgment, and there he built an altar unto the Lord. Phrases1442 in J. B. Paul (1882) II. 86/1 The quhilk some eftir lauchful processe maide, the foresaide Gilbert..wan lauchfulli befor us in jugement. 1477 in W. Fraser (1858) 251 In the law or by the law, in jugement or outwitht jugment. 1495 No. 596 We..sal neuir..challance forthir than this assithment amendis..noder in jugement nor out of jugement. 1564 (1889) I. 208 At he requirit hyr bayth in jugment and furth of jugiment to return. 1576 in M. B. Johnston & C. M. Armet (1939) I. 9 Ane string of ane hat quhilk the said Jonet producit in jugement. c1626 H. Bisset (1922) II. 169 Syne [she] slew hirself in iudgement presentlie quhen sche had confest the murthoure of the King. 1636 P. Massinger v. i. sig. I3v His services So many, and so great (your storme of fury Calm'd by your better judgment) must inform you. 1698 J. Turner iv. 156 He..told me, That on what account soever I espous'd their Cause, he was satisfy'd that I cou'd not do it without a manifest Imposition upon my better Judgment. 1759 J. Grainger in C. Lennox tr. P. Brumoy III. 466 Having determined, contrary to my better judgment [Fr. contre mon goût], to translate the Cyclops, I could not omit any part of it, however shocking. 1797 9 Dec. An ingenious contrivance to..make them act against their better judgment, by corrupting their understanding. 1838 Oct. 549 This Reformation Society Geraldine is persuaded against her better judgment to attend. 1885 (Hillsdale College, Michigan) 18 Nov. 71/2 I don't believe in doing what my better judgement tells me not to undertake. 1939 Oct. 17/1 (advt.) Too many men have yielded to the desire to be a good fellow, against their better judgment—and lost their shirts. 1991 S. Forward i. 94 Instead of reading this as a warning, Debra allowed her infatuation to overcome her better judgment. 2010 13 Apr. e2/6 Airlines and aircraft owners sometimes pressure pilots to fly or to land against their better judgment. Compounds C1. a. General attributive (sometimes spec. in sense 12). 1579 sig. Giiiv Clodius all inwrapt in care, of golde did make a freend, Who set him free from Iudgment bar, and did the Iudges blinde. 1864 M. S. Cummins xiv. 227 It's an awful sin... How will he ever dare stand before God at the judgment bar? 2000 O. S. Card (2001) 89 Achilles..[would] kill us and have even more murders to answer for before the judgment bar of God. 1593 T. Nashe f. 34v Neither shall his death be recorded as my crime in Heauens Iudgement-booke. 1660 R. Coke Elements Power & Subjection 159 in He which will not celebrate it, let him undergo the penalty in the Judgment-book. 2005 C. J. Hunter tr. ‘Nedjma’ 13 In the Judgment Book that the Eternal One keeps, men are surely listed in the chapter on blowhards. 1776 J. Langley 223 Death is sure; Succeeded by the Judgment Hour. 1857 D. F. MacCarthy 91 Now the judgment-hour arrives, And now their final doom they know. 2000 (Nexis) 21 Nov. The bitter, bickering battle for the United States presidency last night arrived at its judgment hour. 1826 18 Nov. 3/4 They have laid thee in thy narrow cell..for the cold clay To be thy bridegroom, till the eternal day, When the loud trump its judgment peal shall swell. 1884 M. E. Braddon II. viii. 118 A great crash of drums and brass came from the orchestra, like a judgment peal, as they were going upstairs. 1919 R. Nevill i. i. 4 The Duke of Arcos was wont to say that he never heard it [sc. a church bell] toll without thinking of the judgment peal. 1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin i. f. 33 Why should Paul feare to set Christ in the iudgement throne of God? 1899 G. C. Morgan vi. 146 Is it not true that at the judgment-throne of Jesus Christ all extenuating circumstances will be taken into account? 1998 P. Jooste (1999) iv. 66 I wouldn't like to be in your boots when you turn up at the Judgement Throne. 1526 John xviii. f. cxlviiiv Then Pilate entred into the iudgement housse agayne, and called Iesus. 1534 John xviii. 33 Then Pylate entred into the iudgement hall agayne, and called Iesus. 1538 Acts xvi. C Hyr lordes seynge that the hope of theyr vauntage was gone oute, takynge Paule and Silas they broughte them into the iudgemente place to the rulers. 1597 W. Shakespeare i. i. 99 To old free Towne our common iudgement place. View more context for this quotation 1677 Z. Babington 31 The Consistory or Bench of Justices..placed the party..in the Court or Judgment Hall, and diligently enquired and examined the cause. 1677 F. Bampfield 37 On that day Jesus was led by Caiaphas to the Prætorium, or Judgment-house. 1762 T. Smollett I. xii. 243 Mr. Fillet no sooner appeared in the judgment-chamber of justice Gobble than captain Crowe..exclaimed [etc.]. 1788 J. Woodhouse 9 No civil magistrate, in judgment-place, When canvassing the meanest culprit's case, Allows a laugh substantial evidence, To clear a convict. 1830 28 18 As soon as sentence was pronounced on the delinquent, he was, on leaving the judgment-room below, to walk upstairs into the Carcer above. 1859 J. H. Ingraham i. xiv. 232 A scene depicted in the judgment-hall of Osiris. 1897 Oct. 458/1 The corpse is out of sight from the judgment yard. 1912 W. A. Candler iv. 93 The indignities of Pilate's judgment hall. 1955 L. de Wohl (1957) iii. ix. 244 She could hear vague noises and shouting coming from the direction of the Lithostrotos, the judgment place in front of the praetorium. 2007 M. I. Harrison x. 100 He felt as if he were twelve again, in that judgment hall with a thousand eyes staring at him. a1644 F. Quarles (1646) 26 Let not these judgement-thunderers fright thee. 1659 D. Pell 475 God..likes not such a judgement-out-braving temper. 1906 N. Hopper I. p. xxix I am the judgment-giver; but I give Compassion to all burdened things that live. 1972 24 Oct. 19/8 Mr. Justice Lynde identifies the habitual judgment buyer as a ‘professional collector’. 1984 J. T. Noonan (1987) i. 8 The judgment-seeker does not come empty-handed nor seek access to the court without gifts. C3. a. 1778 143 At the final judgement-call, Inviolably just to all. 1847 M. Howitt 207 The last great judgment-call. 1913 J. N. Davidson 23 Lo, creation riseth quaking, To the judgment call awaking. 1952 25 June 33/7 At a courtesy hearing, Warren Giles..disallowed the Giant protest of last Thursday's loss to the Pirates. The exception, based on a judgement call rather than a question of rules, never had a chance. 1956 26 July 28/1 The two incidents..caused lengthy arguments during the game. The first, as Meyers said, was a judgement call. 1983 W. Goldman 154 Let me circle back to Gunga Din and make strictly a judgment call: It is my absolute opinion that..it is infinitely superior to any of the Lucas-Spielberg prizewinners. 2010 10 Dec. 31/1 Here is a brief account to give some idea of..just how much work and how many judgement calls are involved in a trivial piece of down-page reporting. 1827 T. Hood Tim Turpin in 2nd Ser. 66 The great judge took his judgment cap, And put it on his head, And sentenc'd Tim by law to hang, 'Till he was three times-dead. 1867 M. C. L. Reeves viii. 129 Pilate's wraith, dark-shrouded on the mountain's brow, has donned his judgment-cap of clouds. 1903 C. R. Nutter in Ld. Tennyson 276 The cap, sometimes called the judgment cap, worn by an English judge when he passes sentence of death on a prisoner. 2003 (Nexis) 5 Dec. This is the season of goodwill to all mankind and walking around in black judgement caps just doesn't send the right message. 1750 T. Gordon 5 Men who would utterly spoil and disgrace the Theory of Judgments, and sink the solemn Character of Judgment-mongers. 1834 p. xiii/1 The circumstance that it [sc. the date of the accident] was also the anniversary of the Gunpowder Plot, was not forgotten by the judgment-mongers. 1994 20 15 The ball that was put in the court of the would-be judgment-mongers never did get returned with point-winning velocity. 1916 July 140 In my opinion, a mechanical sample is much to be preferred to a judgment sample, especially when the sample represents a considerable amount of ore. 1947 W. E. Deming in 12 145 It has seemed useful to recognize two general types of samples. These two types will be distinguished here by the adjectives probability and judgment... Judgment-samples, wherein the biases and sampling errors cannot be calculated from the sample, but instead must be settled by judgment. 1992 67 3 The random sample, Pickford's choice to replace the dialect geographer's judgment sample, has thus become the preferred sampling technique in the study of language variation. 2012 81 376/1 To collect participants a non random judgment sample was taken via recruitment on patient websites, online platforms, and by personal communication. the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > [noun] 1796 F. Asbury 24 Aug. (1852) II. 310 We have still very great heat: it appears to me to be unhealthy, judgment weather: I feel almost spent. 1821 W. Scott I. vi. 140 It's no that I wad shut the door against decent folk..more especially in such judgment-weather. 1898 R. N. Bain tr. M. Jòkai i. 9 This judgment weather began on St. Medardus' Day, and will last now for forty days longer. 1903 12 Nov. 7/6 Christian men who acknowledge God in all their ways, and can see mercy shining through ‘judgment weather’. b. Law. Compounds relating to sense 8b. In these compounds and related legal senses, the first element is conventionally written judgment in British use. See note on spelling in etymology.society > trade and finance > management of money > solvency > [noun] > creditor > types of 1702 (single sheet) His personal Estate, which by Law is to be applyed to satisfie the Appellants as Judgment-Creditors in the first place. 1838 c. 110 §11 Providing adequate means for enabling judgment creditors to obtain satisfaction from the property of their debtors. 1995 C. R. B. Dunlop (ed. 2) vii. 196 When a creditor obtains judgment against a debtor, their relationship changes in several important ways. The most obvious difference is that the judgment creditor now has available a series of legal remedies. society > trade and finance > management of money > insolvency > indebtedness > [noun] > a debt > other types of debt 1702 (single sheet) Their Judgment Debts should be paid (at least out of the personal Assets of the said Testator) preferable to any Creditors by simple Contract. 1838 c. 110 §17 Every judgment debt shall carry interest at the rate of four pounds per centum per annum. 1881 Nov. 563 Every debt proved was made a judgement debt. 2001 M. J. Stoppi xiii. 130 Any claim for interest on unpaid amounts contained in the award after a reasonable period must be related to what the court will allow in respect of a judgement debt. society > trade and finance > management of money > insolvency > indebtedness > [noun] > debtor > other types of debtor 1749 J. Salthouse II. 548 Which Money is in Part of Money lent the said Judgment-Debtor on a Mortgage by the Cestuy que Trust. 1838 c. 110 §15 No disposition of the judgment debtor in the meantime shall be valid..as against the judgment creditor. 1915 Mar. 62/1 We frequently win out by having execution after execution served on the judgment debtor. 2005 W. L. Reynolds & W. M. Richman i. 2 If the judgment is classified as prima facie..then it is essentially open to relitigation on motion by the judgment debtor. 1806 4 Nov. 3/2 The subscriber cautions all persons against taking an assignment on a judgment note or bill granted by him to Robert Spencer. 1932 Dec. 51/2 When one approaches this stage, Mr. Hearn gets the delinquent to sign a judgment note which renews his hold on the account. 2007 M. Dallam vi. 171 In July 1962 the liquidating trustees voted to pay her eight hundred thousand dollars for her services and they issued a judgment note. society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [noun] > summons > other types of summons 1847 6 June 7/3 The judge refused, telling the plaintiff that he must proceed regularly, by serving Mr. Bolton with a judgment summons. 1906 16 Jan. 3/4 The issue of the fact was whether Phillips, the sub-bailiff, had given the judgement summons, subpoena, and conduct money to the plaintiff on May 19, as he alleged. 1947 N. Collins xliii. 347 Anybody catching sight of him and noticing the company that he'd been keeping might have taken him for someone caught up at the wrong end of a judgment summons. 2003 (Nexis) 1 Feb. At one time, he was faced with a judgment summons which meant that if he didn't pay he was in danger of going to prison. Derivatives the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > [adjective] > having specified judgement the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > discernment, discrimination > [adjective] 1548 E. Gest sig. Dviv Wel learned and godly judgemented. 1654 T. Fuller 68 To make them charitably judgemented of the finall estate of all such Infants. 1821 2 322 Boys..supreme-judgmented in taws, blood-alleys, and peg-tops. 1920 K. Harris iv. 164 I'm a level-headed, cool-judgmented believer in the bird in the hand. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  n.a1250 |
