asynchronousadj.

Brit.

/eɪˈsɪŋkrənəs/, U.S.

/eɪˈsɪŋkrənəs/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: a- prefix⁶, synchronous adj.

Etymology: < a- prefix⁶ + synchronous adj.With sense 2 compare synchronous adj. 2b.

1. Not synchronous; not existing or occurring at the same time, not coinciding in time.Originally only in medical contexts.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > simultaneity or contemporaneousness > [adjective] > not contemporaneous

asynchronous1737

uncontemporaneous1859

non-contemporaneous1875

non-simultaneous1890

non-concurrent1913

1737 tr. F. Nicholls in Med. Ess. & Observ. (ed. 2) III. 396 The ascending and descending Aorta are dilated and contracted at different Times, or have asynchronous Motions.

1768 Gentleman's Mag. May 224/2 The blood enters into these arteries at a time asynchronous to that in which it enters into the other arteries of the body.

1845 Med. Times 12 244/1 The pupils of the eyes are sluggish, and there is usually asynchronous action present.

1877 W. R. Gowers in J. R. Reynolds Syst. Med. IV. 748 Reduplication has been noticed in some cases, and may be due to the asynchronous contraction of the two ventricles.

1918 Mem. Brooklyn Bot. Garden 1917 1 320 The relative production or not in the wild state of hybrid Sarracenias is almost wholly determined by the synchronous or asynchronous relation of the flowers.

1968 Brain 91 306 Quick, asynchronous, random jerks of the muscles of the trunk and extremities were also evident.

1987 S. Brand Media Lab i. iii. 41 A primary characteristic of interactive television is that it's asynchronous—stuff is broadcast at one time, viewed at another.

2001 Libr. Assoc. Rec. May 295/2 Asynchronous participation through the discussion board is effective for learner reflection, giving students time to think.

2. Electrical Engineering. Of an alternating-current motor, generator, etc.: able to operate at speeds other than the speed determined by the frequency of the current supply (the synchronous speed); spec. designating an induction motor.

ΚΠ

1893 Electr. Engineer 22 Sept. 280/1 This plant was practically designed before the advent of a really reliable asynchronous and self-starting alternate-current motor.

1925 H. C. Booth tr. F. Auerbach Mod. Magnetics (U.K. ed.) vii. 176 The most important practical distinction (apart from that between direct, alternating and polyphase current motors) is that between synchronous and asynchronous motors.

1991 Impact of Sci. on Society (UNESCO) No. 162. 152 The three-phase asynchronous (induction) motor has no commutator.

2007 Observer 11 Nov. (Review section) 13/4 Railways have changed since Barlow's, let alone Betjeman's, day. It is a world of asynchronous motors, catenaries,..and push-jacks.

3. Computing.

a. Of a computer or part of one: not operating in accordance with clock signals; (of operations) beginning when the previous operation finishes, rather than occurring at regular intervals of time.

ΚΠ

1953 Math. Tables & Other Aids Computation 7 112 The memory control reports back to the main control when it accepts the main control intervention and when it completes any of the actions described in (a)–(d). In this manner the synchronous memory operation is safely incorporated into the asynchronous arithmetic process.

1967 H. Jacobowitz Electronic Computers Made Simple xii. 261 Unless the computer is asynchronous..all its operations are controlled by a series of equally spaced timing pulses.

1979 M. M. Mano Digital Logic & Computer Design vi. 210 Asynchronous flip-flops..require an input trigger defined by a change of signal level... Clocked flip-flops are triggered by pulses.

2002 Sci. Amer. Aug. 48/2 Asynchronous parts of otherwise synchronous systems are also beginning to appear; the UltraSPARC IIIi processor recently introduced by Sun includes some asynchronous circuits.

b. Designating data transmission in which packets of data are sent at irregular intervals, with the start and end of each packet being marked by specific signals; involving such transmission.

ΚΠ

1966 U.S. Patent 3,249,924 9 An asynchronous data processing system for transferring data between the main memory of a central processor and a plurality of input-output devices.

1976 J. Martin Telecommunications & Computer (ed. 2) xviii. 360 (table) Synchronous data from 2.4 to 1344 Kbps. Asynchronous data up to 1.2 Kbps.

1996 Sunday Tel. 4 Feb. (Appointments section) 8/2 (advt.) A strong datacomms background should include knowledge of asynchronous and synchronous protocols such as RS232.

2004 S. Makofsky Pocket PC Network Programming vi. 204 PPP supports error correction and is capable of handling either synchronous or asynchronous communications.

4. Of an orbit: such that a satellite in it revolves round its parent at a different rate from that at which the parent rotates on its axis. Of a satellite: orbiting in an asynchronous orbit.

ΚΠ

1976 Science 27 Aug. 777/3 We hope to be able to confirm the latter measurements later in the mission when we are able to observe the planet from an asynchronous orbit.

1984 Pract. Applic. Space Station (National Res. Council (U.S.) Space Applic. Board) 16 Remote sensing satellites have been flown in the following types of orbits: Near-polar, circular, sun-synchronous, low earth orbits... Low-inclination, asynchronous, low earth orbits... Geostationary orbits.

2009 R. E. Morley & K. Ball Techshock v. 87 Bandwidth is being solved with low-orbit asynchronous satellites.

Compounds

asynchronous transfer mode n. Telecommunications a network protocol by which data to be transmitted is encoded into cells of fixed size (rather than packets of variable size), these cells being sent on demand over individually preset routes; abbreviated ATM.

ΚΠ

1981 U.S. Patent 4,292,474 11 The use of separate latches..makes it possible to operate the serial bit stream in an asynchronous mode with respect to the microprocessor.

1983 U.S. Patent 4,367,549 15 Asynchronous transmission mode: 600 and 1,200 bits per second.]

1984 Patent Abstr. Japan 8 No. 137. 26 June 146 The system is operated in the asynchronous transfer mode for a low-speed storage device.

1987 Computer Networks & ISDN Syst. 14 340/1 Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a promising new multiplexing and switching concept based on asynchronous ‘on demand’ use of short fixed size time slots, called cells.

2008 Cape Times (Nexis) 9 Jan. 3 Computer users..as far afield as Greyton battled with intermittent internet access throughout the weekend. Telkom says the culprit was an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) link.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	asynchronous
释义	asynchronousadj. Brit. /eɪˈsɪŋkrənəs/, U.S. /eɪˈsɪŋkrənəs/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: a- prefix⁶, synchronous adj. Etymology: < a- prefix⁶ + synchronous adj.With sense 2 compare synchronous adj. 2b. 1. Not synchronous; not existing or occurring at the same time, not coinciding in time.Originally only in medical contexts. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > simultaneity or contemporaneousness > [adjective] > not contemporaneous asynchronous1737 uncontemporaneous1859 non-contemporaneous1875 non-simultaneous1890 non-concurrent1913 1737 tr. F. Nicholls in Med. Ess. & Observ. (ed. 2) III. 396 The ascending and descending Aorta are dilated and contracted at different Times, or have asynchronous Motions. 1768 Gentleman's Mag. May 224/2 The blood enters into these arteries at a time asynchronous to that in which it enters into the other arteries of the body. 1845 Med. Times 12 244/1 The pupils of the eyes are sluggish, and there is usually asynchronous action present. 1877 W. R. Gowers in J. R. Reynolds Syst. Med. IV. 748 Reduplication has been noticed in some cases, and may be due to the asynchronous contraction of the two ventricles. 1918 Mem. Brooklyn Bot. Garden 1917 1 320 The relative production or not in the wild state of hybrid Sarracenias is almost wholly determined by the synchronous or asynchronous relation of the flowers. 1968 Brain 91 306 Quick, asynchronous, random jerks of the muscles of the trunk and extremities were also evident. 1987 S. Brand Media Lab i. iii. 41 A primary characteristic of interactive television is that it's asynchronous—stuff is broadcast at one time, viewed at another. 2001 Libr. Assoc. Rec. May 295/2 Asynchronous participation through the discussion board is effective for learner reflection, giving students time to think. 2. Electrical Engineering. Of an alternating-current motor, generator, etc.: able to operate at speeds other than the speed determined by the frequency of the current supply (the synchronous speed); spec. designating an induction motor. ΚΠ 1893 Electr. Engineer 22 Sept. 280/1 This plant was practically designed before the advent of a really reliable asynchronous and self-starting alternate-current motor. 1925 H. C. Booth tr. F. Auerbach Mod. Magnetics (U.K. ed.) vii. 176 The most important practical distinction (apart from that between direct, alternating and polyphase current motors) is that between synchronous and asynchronous motors. 1991 Impact of Sci. on Society (UNESCO) No. 162. 152 The three-phase asynchronous (induction) motor has no commutator. 2007 Observer 11 Nov. (Review section) 13/4 Railways have changed since Barlow's, let alone Betjeman's, day. It is a world of asynchronous motors, catenaries,..and push-jacks. 3. Computing. a. Of a computer or part of one: not operating in accordance with clock signals; (of operations) beginning when the previous operation finishes, rather than occurring at regular intervals of time. ΚΠ 1953 Math. Tables & Other Aids Computation 7 112 The memory control reports back to the main control when it accepts the main control intervention and when it completes any of the actions described in (a)–(d). In this manner the synchronous memory operation is safely incorporated into the asynchronous arithmetic process. 1967 H. Jacobowitz Electronic Computers Made Simple xii. 261 Unless the computer is asynchronous..all its operations are controlled by a series of equally spaced timing pulses. 1979 M. M. Mano Digital Logic & Computer Design vi. 210 Asynchronous flip-flops..require an input trigger defined by a change of signal level... Clocked flip-flops are triggered by pulses. 2002 Sci. Amer. Aug. 48/2 Asynchronous parts of otherwise synchronous systems are also beginning to appear; the UltraSPARC IIIi processor recently introduced by Sun includes some asynchronous circuits. b. Designating data transmission in which packets of data are sent at irregular intervals, with the start and end of each packet being marked by specific signals; involving such transmission. ΚΠ 1966 U.S. Patent 3,249,924 9 An asynchronous data processing system for transferring data between the main memory of a central processor and a plurality of input-output devices. 1976 J. Martin Telecommunications & Computer (ed. 2) xviii. 360 (table) Synchronous data from 2.4 to 1344 Kbps. Asynchronous data up to 1.2 Kbps. 1996 Sunday Tel. 4 Feb. (Appointments section) 8/2 (advt.) A strong datacomms background should include knowledge of asynchronous and synchronous protocols such as RS232. 2004 S. Makofsky Pocket PC Network Programming vi. 204 PPP supports error correction and is capable of handling either synchronous or asynchronous communications. 4. Of an orbit: such that a satellite in it revolves round its parent at a different rate from that at which the parent rotates on its axis. Of a satellite: orbiting in an asynchronous orbit. ΚΠ 1976 Science 27 Aug. 777/3 We hope to be able to confirm the latter measurements later in the mission when we are able to observe the planet from an asynchronous orbit. 1984 Pract. Applic. Space Station (National Res. Council (U.S.) Space Applic. Board) 16 Remote sensing satellites have been flown in the following types of orbits: Near-polar, circular, sun-synchronous, low earth orbits... Low-inclination, asynchronous, low earth orbits... Geostationary orbits. 2009 R. E. Morley & K. Ball Techshock v. 87 Bandwidth is being solved with low-orbit asynchronous satellites. Compounds asynchronous transfer mode n. Telecommunications a network protocol by which data to be transmitted is encoded into cells of fixed size (rather than packets of variable size), these cells being sent on demand over individually preset routes; abbreviated ATM. ΚΠ 1981 U.S. Patent 4,292,474 11 The use of separate latches..makes it possible to operate the serial bit stream in an asynchronous mode with respect to the microprocessor. 1983 U.S. Patent 4,367,549 15 Asynchronous transmission mode: 600 and 1,200 bits per second.] 1984 Patent Abstr. Japan 8 No. 137. 26 June 146 The system is operated in the asynchronous transfer mode for a low-speed storage device. 1987 Computer Networks & ISDN Syst. 14 340/1 Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a promising new multiplexing and switching concept based on asynchronous ‘on demand’ use of short fixed size time slots, called cells. 2008 Cape Times (Nexis) 9 Jan. 3 Computer users..as far afield as Greyton battled with intermittent internet access throughout the weekend. Telkom says the culprit was an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) link. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.1737
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