abstinencen.

Brit.

/ˈabstᵻnəns/, U.S.

/ˈæbstənəns/

Forms: Middle English abstinaunce, Middle English abstinens, Middle English abstynance, Middle English abstynaunce, Middle English abstynens, Middle English–1500s abstynence, Middle English–1600s abstenence, Middle English– abstinence, 1500s–1600s abstenance; Scottish pre-1700 abstinance, pre-1700 abstinans, pre-1700 abstinens, pre-1700 abstnence, pre-1700 abstynence, pre-1700 abstynens, pre-1700 obstinence, pre-1700 1700s– abstinence.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French abstinence; Latin abstinentia.

Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman and Old French abstenence, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French abstinence, Anglo-Norman and Middle French abstinance (French abstinence ) self-restraint (12th cent.; also late 13th cent. in Old French as astenance in this sense), act of depriving oneself of certain foods (early 13th cent.), truce (13th cent.; compare abstinence de guerre (late 13th cent. in Anglo-Norman)), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin abstinentia restraint, self-control, integrity, incorruptibility, abstemiousness, fasting, parsimony, in post-classical Latin also armistice (from 14th cent. in British and continental sources) < abstinent- , abstinēns , present participle of abstinēre abstain v. + -ia -ia suffix¹; compare -ence suffix. Compare Old Occitan abstinensa (late 12th cent.), estenensa (late 13th cent. or earlier), Catalan abstinència (c1200), Spanish abstinencia (c1230), Portuguese abstinência (13th cent.), Italian astinenza (beginning of the 13th cent. as astinentia ). Compare also Dutch abstinentie (2nd half of the 13th cent.), German Abstinenz (13th cent. in Middle High German). Compare abstinency n.With the development of classical Latin abs- in French compare discussion at ab- prefix.

I. Senses relating to self-restraint or forbearance.

1. The practice or discipline of resisting self-indulgence; self-restraint.

a. Restraint in one's choice or consumption of food, abstemiousness; (also) the practice or discipline of fasting.

ΚΠ

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 165 Þe sweoke of helle..eggeð hire toward swa muchel abstinence þet ha is þe unstrengere igodes seruise.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. vii. xiii. 357 The schrinkinge þat comeþ of abstinens haþ þese tokenes.

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Parson's Tale (Ellesmere) (1877) §831 Agayns Glotonye is the remedie Abstinence.

c1440 (?a1375) Abbey Holy Ghost (Thornton) in G. G. Perry Relig. Pieces in Prose & Verse (1914) 56 (MED) Scho sparis hirselfe thorow abstynence and etys bot littill.

c1475 (c1445) R. Pecock Donet (1921) 48 (MED) Þis degree of clennes in norisching..may wel be clepid abstinence or fastyng.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xxvii. 21 Then after longe abstinence, Paul stode forth in the myddes of them.

1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. iii. 293 Say, Can you fast? your stomacks are too young: And abstinence ingenders maladies.

a1656 Bp. J. Hall Shaking of Olive-tree (1660) ii. 167 The Popish mock-fasts which allow the greatest dainties in the strictest abstinence.

1665 J. Evelyn Let. 9 Feb. in Diary & Corr. (1852) III. 151 The Lenten abstinence minds me of another incongruity..the frequency of our theatrical pastimes during that indiction.

1743 R. Blair Grave 33 Some Intervals of Abstinence are sought To edge the Appetite.

1799 Lett. & Papers Agric. (Bath & West of Eng. Soc.) IX. xxi. 264 Our flocks..are much more susceptible of injury from abstinence than were the hardy rabbit-like animals of many of our ancestors.

1843 E. Bulwer-Lytton Last of Barons I. iii. v. 246 His table was supplied more abundantly and daintily than his habitual abstinence required.

1901 W. R. Lighton Lewis & Clark viii. 99 After his long abstinence, when he ate a plentiful meal of fish his stomach revolted.

1958 A. Waley Way & its Power Introd. 35 Traditional experience concerning the behaviour of shin, of divinities, suggested that the first essential was abstinence and fasting.

1999 A. Davidson Oxf. Compan. Food 289/2 Abstinence is to abstain from particular foods at particular times, whereas fasting is to do without food altogether.

b. Self-control, asceticism; an instance of this. Also: the action or practice of refraining from sexual intercourse.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > moderation in sensuous gratification > [noun] > abstinence

abstinence?c1225

continencec1340

abstaining1395

continency1567

continuancea1625

non-ism1990

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 252 Edmodnesse. abstinence. culure vnlaðnesse. & oðre swiche uertuz. beoð feire ingodes echnen.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 236 (MED) Þet chastete ssel bi straytliche yloked and wel wyþdraȝe be abstinence [uorberinge].

1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) l. 9707 (MED) But of greth deuocyoun..she was &..of how greth abstynence.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. cxxxv. f. lxxi She remeued to Ely, & there was abbesse, & lyued in great penaunce & abstynence.

1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iii. xvi. 101 Hee that wil enter into this religion must..obserue..virginitie and abstinence.

1611 Bible (King James) 2 Esdras vii. 55 The faces of them which haue vsed abstinence, shall shine aboue the starres.

1617 in D. G. Barron Court Bk. Urie (1892) 20 Ilk ane of them becwm cawtioun for wther for their abstinans in tym cwming.

1704 R. Nelson Compan. Festivals & Fasts ii. Prelim. Instr. 338 No Abstinence can partake of the nature of Fasting, except there be something in it that afflicts us.

1756 A. Murphy Spouter ii. 43 My Life is, and ever has been, an eternal Round-O of Innocence, Abstinence, and Virtue.

1837 J. H. Newman Parochial Serm. (ed. 2) III. xv. 231 Such light abstinences as come in our way.

a1857 R. A. Vaughan Hours with Mystics (1860) I. vi. vi. 218 The belief that the soul, when by abstinence and observances it has been purified and concentrated, has a certain extent and latitude of prenotion.

1918 A. G. Gardiner Leaves in Wind 46 The ordinances of abstinence are designed, in part at all events, to keep the will master of the appetites.

2005 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 3 Apr. i. 25/2 About as effective as birth-control campaigns that rely on abstinence.

c. The practice or discipline of abstaining from alcohol. Cf. total abstinence at total adj. 3b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > abstention from drinking > [noun]

undrinking1692

abstinence1731

dryness1910

1731 J. Gay Let. 20 Mar. (1966) 104 I am again by the advice of Physicians grown a moderate drinker after an abstinence of above two years.

1791 R. McCulloch Lect. Prophecies Isaiah I. v. 306 That from these remarkable instances of abstinence, man may not imagine that they ought to refrain from the moderate use of these excellent restoratives, we are required ‘to give strong drink to him that is ready to perish’.

1853 C. Kingsley Hypatia I. Pref. p. xviii The passionate Eastern character, like all weak ones, found total abstinence easier than temperance.

1904 A. F. Fehlandt Cent. Drink Reform in U.S. ii. 77 It was now ten years since the American Temperance Society had begun its work, and ushered in the era of entire abstinence as the effectual remedy for intemperance.

1993 Sat. Night (Toronto) June 36 Many a good man..has been destroyed by booze, but an abrupt lapse into abstinence has led to even more of them unravelling by falling in with undesirable company.

2. With from (also †of, †fro). The action or practice of abstaining or refraining from something; forbearance.Typically used with reference to food, drink, or sexual intercourse: cf. sense 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > [noun]

abstinencea1382

sustaininga1382

refrenationa1500

forbearance1597

abstentiona1656

refrainment1713

abstainment1819

absistence1881

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Num. xxx. 14 Þat by fastynge & abstynence [a1425 Corpus Oxf. abstynens, L. abstinentiam] of oþer þyngys she traueileþ here soule.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 75 In olde men abstinence of mete is eth.

a1460 tr. Dicts & Sayings Philosophers (Helm.) (1999) 35 (MED) I haue grete merueile of hem that done abstynence of mete.

a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 7 (MED) We sholde ȝeve to him..Abstinence fro synne.

1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxxii. 206 Iewish abstinence from certaine kinds of meates.

1692 tr. C. de Saint-Évremond Misc. Ess. 343 The true Devout Person breaks with Nature..to take pleasure in the abstinence of pleasures.

1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet iv. 397 There are no better Rules than Abstinence from those things which occasion it.

1752 T. Carte Gen. Hist. Eng. III. 227 Abstinence from flesh in Lent, and on..embring days.

1843 J. S. Mill Syst. Logic II. iv. i. §4 Abstinence..from ideological discussions.

1846 R. C. Trench Notes Miracles xv. 257 Abstinence from an outward work belongs not to the idea of a Sabbath.

1905 Daily Chron. 14 Apr. 4/4 The Roman Church distinguishes between abstinence—by which it means abstaining from meat—and fasting;..abstinence from food.

1925 Cent. Mag. Jan. 307/2 The long and lenten abstinence from revenge had but given edge to his appetite and sharpened his powers to austere perfection.

1996 C. Bateman Of Wee Sweetie Mice & Men xiv. 107 My new philosophy—complete honesty, trust, abstinence from alcohol, faithfulness. Quite a list, you'll agree.

2004 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 23 Sept. 56/1 Prevention efforts have largely rested on the formula of A-B-C—abstinence from sex, being faithful, and using condoms.

†3. Political Economy. The practice of abstaining from or delaying expenditure in order to accumulate capital. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [noun] > management of assets, capital, or investments

marshalment1790

abstinence1836

gearing1932

liquidity preference1936

inflation-proofing1973

intermediation1977

1836 N. W. Senior Outl. Sci. Polit. Econ. 153/1 To the third principle, or instrument of production,..we shall give the name of abstinence: a term by which we express the conduct of a person who either abstains from the unproductive use of what he can command, or designedly prefers the production of remote to that of immediate results.

1836 N. W. Senior Outl. Sci. Polit. Econ. 153/2 Each individual article of capital is in general the result of a combination of all the three great instruments of production—labour, abstinence, and the agency of nature.

1845 T. C. Banfield Four Lect. Organization Industry i. 27 In countries where the industrial arts are few and badly cultivated, the inhabitants..extract less from the general fund than those countries who command more means: this is one reason why economy of power..cannot be said to consist in mere saving or abstinence.

1867 J. Laing Theory of Business ii. 25 Cost..is resolvable into prior outlay, on account of labour, and ‘abstinence’.

1890 A. Marshall Princ. Econ. I. iv. vii. 289 That sacrifice of present pleasure for the sake of future, which is the chief cause of the accumulation of wealth, has been called abstinence by economists.

1899 J. B. Clark Distrib. Wealth ix. 126 Abstinence is nothing more than electing to take out income in the form of wealth-creating goods, instead of that of pleasure-giving goods.

†II. Other uses.

4. Cessation of hostilities; a truce, an armistice. Chiefly in abstinence of (also from) war. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > peace > [noun] > cessation of hostilities > suspension of hostilities

truce?c1225

abstinence1386

induces1490

abstinence, prorogation of war1517

surseance1523

stay1563

surceasance1587

treague1590

suspension of arms or hostilities1603

cessation1628

still-stand1637

armistice1677

ceasefire1918

1386 in D. Macpherson et al. Rotuli Scotiae (1819) II. 85/2 It is accordit..That ferme trewes abstinence of were and special assurance sal be bytwix thaym.

1419 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. I. 75 (MED) Duryng the abstinence of werr of viij dayys.

1469 W. Writtle in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 431 I sent you a bill which concludith an abstinence of werre to be had vnto Fryday last was.

c1475 (?c1451) Bk. Noblesse (Royal) (1860) 25 (MED) Undre the umbre and coloure of trewes and abstinence of werre.

1517 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1875) XII. 37/2 The abstinence of Were..concludit be ȝowre Grace.

1577 R. Holinshed Chron. II. 1812/2 Monday the .xvij. of June about eight of the clocke, an abstinence of warre was concluded.

c1600 Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents (1833) 308 Be the tennour heirof sueris and promeissis ane cessatioun and abstinence from hostilitie.

a1643 J. Borough Soveraignty Brit. Seas (1651) 74 All Neighbour Princes have by treatie obtained licence for their Subjects to fish in our seas. As in a truce, and abstinence of war agreed betweene Henry the fourth, and the French.

1726 G. Crawfurd Lives Officers Crown & State Scotl. 325/2 He signs himself Camerarius Scotiæ in a Letter which the Regent and the Parliament of Scotland wrote to the King of England anent a Cessation and Abstinence from War.

1767 tr. in W. Guthrie Gen. Hist. Scotl. IV. 75 He should not grant another safe-conduct during the abstinence or truce.

1870 J. H. Burton Hist. Scotl. to 1688 V. lvi. 363 The truce or abstinence..was continued by short additions to the end of the year.

Compounds

abstinence programme n. a programme of abstinence from something, now esp. as a treatment for addiction; a scheme promoting abstinence.

ΚΠ

1884 Church of Eng. Temperance Chron. 25 Oct. 311/1 If they had gone to those Universities seven or eight years ago with nothing but a Total Abstinence programme they would not have secured a footing there.]

1930 Methodist Rev. Mar. 288/2 In these latter days such questions are omitted from the church ritual, and the abstinence program [i.e. fasting] is forgotten, with the result that the church has well nigh ceased to pray.

1979 M. R. Burt et al. Drug Abuse i. iii. 28 Clients completing the detoxification program were encouraged to enter the abstinence program for at least six months and participate in regular surveillance, individual, and group counselling.

1997 S. S. Nagel Super-optimum Solutions & Win-Win Policy xxiii. 189 The SOS is to get at unwanted pregnancies through better abstinence programs and better birth control.

2010 Independent (Nexis) 4 Oct. 4 Despite several attempts to get off drugs, it wasn't until he went on an abstinence programme that he was able to make any progress.

abstinence symptom n. a symptom caused by or associated with the sudden withdrawal of a drug to which a person or animal is physically addicted; cf. abstinence syndrome n.

ΚΠ

1877 London Med. Rec. 15 Mar. 91/2 The urine yielded albumen, without structural elements, until the cessation of the [morphine] abstinence-symptoms.

1918 Alcohol (Central Control Board (Liquor Traffic) Advisory Comm.) 112 A feeling of urgent need, or ‘craving,’ for the drug, which is usually regarded as, and probably is, at least in part, a genuine abstinence symptom.

1980 Drug & Alcohol Dependence 6 373 Levorphanol solution induces physical dependence in rats..as demonstrated by abstinence symptoms such as loss of body weight, sensitivity to touch and inversion of locomotor activity.

2008 Evening Chron. (Newcastle) (Nexis) 13 Oct. 2 By feeding your brain the exact nutrients that are needed to make its own feel-good chemicals, the abstinence symptoms and craving go away.

abstinence syndrome n. Medicine a medical condition resulting from the sudden withdrawal of a drug to which a person or animal is physically addicted, having symptoms and signs varying with the type of drug involved.Often synonymous with withdrawal syndrome at withdrawal n. Compounds 1, but sometimes taken as including only physical (rather than physical and psychological) symptoms.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > drug addiction or craving > [noun] > ceasing use of addictive drug > reaction(s) to

withdrawal symptom1924

abstinence syndrome1931

Jones1965

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders caused by poisons > [noun] > by drugs > withdrawal symptoms

abstinence syndrome1931

1931 Bull. Hygiene 6 522/2 The clinical picture of the abstinence syndrome resembles the ‘water poisoning’ sometime ago described.

1983 Ottawa Herald 23 Nov. 2/5 Sleep disturbances, trouble concentrating, anxiety, altered taste are part of the temporary abstinence syndrome and may persist for a week or two.

2007 Clin. Pediatrics 46 639 Codeine-containing cough preparations given to pregnant mothers have been identified as a cause of neonatal abstinence syndrome.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	abstinence
释义	abstinencen. Brit. /ˈabstᵻnəns/, U.S. /ˈæbstənəns/ Forms: Middle English abstinaunce, Middle English abstinens, Middle English abstynance, Middle English abstynaunce, Middle English abstynens, Middle English–1500s abstynence, Middle English–1600s abstenence, Middle English– abstinence, 1500s–1600s abstenance; Scottish pre-1700 abstinance, pre-1700 abstinans, pre-1700 abstinens, pre-1700 abstnence, pre-1700 abstynence, pre-1700 abstynens, pre-1700 obstinence, pre-1700 1700s– abstinence. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French abstinence; Latin abstinentia. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman and Old French abstenence, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French abstinence, Anglo-Norman and Middle French abstinance (French abstinence ) self-restraint (12th cent.; also late 13th cent. in Old French as astenance in this sense), act of depriving oneself of certain foods (early 13th cent.), truce (13th cent.; compare abstinence de guerre (late 13th cent. in Anglo-Norman)), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin abstinentia restraint, self-control, integrity, incorruptibility, abstemiousness, fasting, parsimony, in post-classical Latin also armistice (from 14th cent. in British and continental sources) < abstinent- , abstinēns , present participle of abstinēre abstain v. + -ia -ia suffix¹; compare -ence suffix. Compare Old Occitan abstinensa (late 12th cent.), estenensa (late 13th cent. or earlier), Catalan abstinència (c1200), Spanish abstinencia (c1230), Portuguese abstinência (13th cent.), Italian astinenza (beginning of the 13th cent. as astinentia ). Compare also Dutch abstinentie (2nd half of the 13th cent.), German Abstinenz (13th cent. in Middle High German). Compare abstinency n.With the development of classical Latin abs- in French compare discussion at ab- prefix. I. Senses relating to self-restraint or forbearance. 1. The practice or discipline of resisting self-indulgence; self-restraint. a. Restraint in one's choice or consumption of food, abstemiousness; (also) the practice or discipline of fasting. ΚΠ ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 165 Þe sweoke of helle..eggeð hire toward swa muchel abstinence þet ha is þe unstrengere igodes seruise. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. vii. xiii. 357 The schrinkinge þat comeþ of abstinens haþ þese tokenes. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Parson's Tale (Ellesmere) (1877) §831 Agayns Glotonye is the remedie Abstinence. c1440 (?a1375) Abbey Holy Ghost (Thornton) in G. G. Perry Relig. Pieces in Prose & Verse (1914) 56 (MED) Scho sparis hirselfe thorow abstynence and etys bot littill. c1475 (c1445) R. Pecock Donet (1921) 48 (MED) Þis degree of clennes in norisching..may wel be clepid abstinence or fastyng. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xxvii. 21 Then after longe abstinence, Paul stode forth in the myddes of them. 1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. iii. 293 Say, Can you fast? your stomacks are too young: And abstinence ingenders maladies. a1656 Bp. J. Hall Shaking of Olive-tree (1660) ii. 167 The Popish mock-fasts which allow the greatest dainties in the strictest abstinence. 1665 J. Evelyn Let. 9 Feb. in Diary & Corr. (1852) III. 151 The Lenten abstinence minds me of another incongruity..the frequency of our theatrical pastimes during that indiction. 1743 R. Blair Grave 33 Some Intervals of Abstinence are sought To edge the Appetite. 1799 Lett. & Papers Agric. (Bath & West of Eng. Soc.) IX. xxi. 264 Our flocks..are much more susceptible of injury from abstinence than were the hardy rabbit-like animals of many of our ancestors. 1843 E. Bulwer-Lytton Last of Barons I. iii. v. 246 His table was supplied more abundantly and daintily than his habitual abstinence required. 1901 W. R. Lighton Lewis & Clark viii. 99 After his long abstinence, when he ate a plentiful meal of fish his stomach revolted. 1958 A. Waley Way & its Power Introd. 35 Traditional experience concerning the behaviour of shin, of divinities, suggested that the first essential was abstinence and fasting. 1999 A. Davidson Oxf. Compan. Food 289/2 Abstinence is to abstain from particular foods at particular times, whereas fasting is to do without food altogether. b. Self-control, asceticism; an instance of this. Also: the action or practice of refraining from sexual intercourse. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > moderation in sensuous gratification > [noun] > abstinence abstinence?c1225 continencec1340 abstaining1395 continency1567 continuancea1625 non-ism1990 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 252 Edmodnesse. abstinence. culure vnlaðnesse. & oðre swiche uertuz. beoð feire ingodes echnen. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 236 (MED) Þet chastete ssel bi straytliche yloked and wel wyþdraȝe be abstinence [uorberinge]. 1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) l. 9707 (MED) But of greth deuocyoun..she was &..of how greth abstynence. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. cxxxv. f. lxxi She remeued to Ely, & there was abbesse, & lyued in great penaunce & abstynence. 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iii. xvi. 101 Hee that wil enter into this religion must..obserue..virginitie and abstinence. 1611 Bible (King James) 2 Esdras vii. 55 The faces of them which haue vsed abstinence, shall shine aboue the starres. View more context for this quotation 1617 in D. G. Barron Court Bk. Urie (1892) 20 Ilk ane of them becwm cawtioun for wther for their abstinans in tym cwming. 1704 R. Nelson Compan. Festivals & Fasts ii. Prelim. Instr. 338 No Abstinence can partake of the nature of Fasting, except there be something in it that afflicts us. 1756 A. Murphy Spouter ii. 43 My Life is, and ever has been, an eternal Round-O of Innocence, Abstinence, and Virtue. 1837 J. H. Newman Parochial Serm. (ed. 2) III. xv. 231 Such light abstinences as come in our way. a1857 R. A. Vaughan Hours with Mystics (1860) I. vi. vi. 218 The belief that the soul, when by abstinence and observances it has been purified and concentrated, has a certain extent and latitude of prenotion. 1918 A. G. Gardiner Leaves in Wind 46 The ordinances of abstinence are designed, in part at all events, to keep the will master of the appetites. 2005 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 3 Apr. i. 25/2 About as effective as birth-control campaigns that rely on abstinence. c. The practice or discipline of abstaining from alcohol. Cf. total abstinence at total adj. 3b. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > abstention from drinking > [noun] undrinking1692 abstinence1731 dryness1910 1731 J. Gay Let. 20 Mar. (1966) 104 I am again by the advice of Physicians grown a moderate drinker after an abstinence of above two years. 1791 R. McCulloch Lect. Prophecies Isaiah I. v. 306 That from these remarkable instances of abstinence, man may not imagine that they ought to refrain from the moderate use of these excellent restoratives, we are required ‘to give strong drink to him that is ready to perish’. 1853 C. Kingsley Hypatia I. Pref. p. xviii The passionate Eastern character, like all weak ones, found total abstinence easier than temperance. 1904 A. F. Fehlandt Cent. Drink Reform in U.S. ii. 77 It was now ten years since the American Temperance Society had begun its work, and ushered in the era of entire abstinence as the effectual remedy for intemperance. 1993 Sat. Night (Toronto) June 36 Many a good man..has been destroyed by booze, but an abrupt lapse into abstinence has led to even more of them unravelling by falling in with undesirable company. 2. With from (also †of, †fro). The action or practice of abstaining or refraining from something; forbearance.Typically used with reference to food, drink, or sexual intercourse: cf. sense 1. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > [noun] abstinencea1382 sustaininga1382 refrenationa1500 forbearance1597 abstentiona1656 refrainment1713 abstainment1819 absistence1881 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Num. xxx. 14 Þat by fastynge & abstynence [a1425 Corpus Oxf. abstynens, L. abstinentiam] of oþer þyngys she traueileþ here soule. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 75 In olde men abstinence of mete is eth. a1460 tr. Dicts & Sayings Philosophers (Helm.) (1999) 35 (MED) I haue grete merueile of hem that done abstynence of mete. a1500 (?a1450) Gesta Romanorum (Harl. 7333) (1879) 7 (MED) We sholde ȝeve to him..Abstinence fro synne. 1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxxii. 206 Iewish abstinence from certaine kinds of meates. 1692 tr. C. de Saint-Évremond Misc. Ess. 343 The true Devout Person breaks with Nature..to take pleasure in the abstinence of pleasures. 1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet iv. 397 There are no better Rules than Abstinence from those things which occasion it. 1752 T. Carte Gen. Hist. Eng. III. 227 Abstinence from flesh in Lent, and on..embring days. 1843 J. S. Mill Syst. Logic II. iv. i. §4 Abstinence..from ideological discussions. 1846 R. C. Trench Notes Miracles xv. 257 Abstinence from an outward work belongs not to the idea of a Sabbath. 1905 Daily Chron. 14 Apr. 4/4 The Roman Church distinguishes between abstinence—by which it means abstaining from meat—and fasting;..abstinence from food. 1925 Cent. Mag. Jan. 307/2 The long and lenten abstinence from revenge had but given edge to his appetite and sharpened his powers to austere perfection. 1996 C. Bateman Of Wee Sweetie Mice & Men xiv. 107 My new philosophy—complete honesty, trust, abstinence from alcohol, faithfulness. Quite a list, you'll agree. 2004 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 23 Sept. 56/1 Prevention efforts have largely rested on the formula of A-B-C—abstinence from sex, being faithful, and using condoms. †3. Political Economy. The practice of abstaining from or delaying expenditure in order to accumulate capital. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [noun] > management of assets, capital, or investments marshalment1790 abstinence1836 gearing1932 liquidity preference1936 inflation-proofing1973 intermediation1977 1836 N. W. Senior Outl. Sci. Polit. Econ. 153/1 To the third principle, or instrument of production,..we shall give the name of abstinence: a term by which we express the conduct of a person who either abstains from the unproductive use of what he can command, or designedly prefers the production of remote to that of immediate results. 1836 N. W. Senior Outl. Sci. Polit. Econ. 153/2 Each individual article of capital is in general the result of a combination of all the three great instruments of production—labour, abstinence, and the agency of nature. 1845 T. C. Banfield Four Lect. Organization Industry i. 27 In countries where the industrial arts are few and badly cultivated, the inhabitants..extract less from the general fund than those countries who command more means: this is one reason why economy of power..cannot be said to consist in mere saving or abstinence. 1867 J. Laing Theory of Business ii. 25 Cost..is resolvable into prior outlay, on account of labour, and ‘abstinence’. 1890 A. Marshall Princ. Econ. I. iv. vii. 289 That sacrifice of present pleasure for the sake of future, which is the chief cause of the accumulation of wealth, has been called abstinence by economists. 1899 J. B. Clark Distrib. Wealth ix. 126 Abstinence is nothing more than electing to take out income in the form of wealth-creating goods, instead of that of pleasure-giving goods. †II. Other uses. 4. Cessation of hostilities; a truce, an armistice. Chiefly in abstinence of (also from) war. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > peace > [noun] > cessation of hostilities > suspension of hostilities truce?c1225 abstinence1386 induces1490 abstinence, prorogation of war1517 surseance1523 stay1563 surceasance1587 treague1590 suspension of arms or hostilities1603 cessation1628 still-stand1637 armistice1677 ceasefire1918 1386 in D. Macpherson et al. Rotuli Scotiae (1819) II. 85/2 It is accordit..That ferme trewes abstinence of were and special assurance sal be bytwix thaym. 1419 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. I. 75 (MED) Duryng the abstinence of werr of viij dayys. 1469 W. Writtle in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 431 I sent you a bill which concludith an abstinence of werre to be had vnto Fryday last was. c1475 (?c1451) Bk. Noblesse (Royal) (1860) 25 (MED) Undre the umbre and coloure of trewes and abstinence of werre. 1517 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1875) XII. 37/2 The abstinence of Were..concludit be ȝowre Grace. 1577 R. Holinshed Chron. II. 1812/2 Monday the .xvij. of June about eight of the clocke, an abstinence of warre was concluded. c1600 Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents (1833) 308 Be the tennour heirof sueris and promeissis ane cessatioun and abstinence from hostilitie. a1643 J. Borough Soveraignty Brit. Seas (1651) 74 All Neighbour Princes have by treatie obtained licence for their Subjects to fish in our seas. As in a truce, and abstinence of war agreed betweene Henry the fourth, and the French. 1726 G. Crawfurd Lives Officers Crown & State Scotl. 325/2 He signs himself Camerarius Scotiæ in a Letter which the Regent and the Parliament of Scotland wrote to the King of England anent a Cessation and Abstinence from War. 1767 tr. in W. Guthrie Gen. Hist. Scotl. IV. 75 He should not grant another safe-conduct during the abstinence or truce. 1870 J. H. Burton Hist. Scotl. to 1688 V. lvi. 363 The truce or abstinence..was continued by short additions to the end of the year. Compounds abstinence programme n. a programme of abstinence from something, now esp. as a treatment for addiction; a scheme promoting abstinence. ΚΠ 1884 Church of Eng. Temperance Chron. 25 Oct. 311/1 If they had gone to those Universities seven or eight years ago with nothing but a Total Abstinence programme they would not have secured a footing there.] 1930 Methodist Rev. Mar. 288/2 In these latter days such questions are omitted from the church ritual, and the abstinence program [i.e. fasting] is forgotten, with the result that the church has well nigh ceased to pray. 1979 M. R. Burt et al. Drug Abuse i. iii. 28 Clients completing the detoxification program were encouraged to enter the abstinence program for at least six months and participate in regular surveillance, individual, and group counselling. 1997 S. S. Nagel Super-optimum Solutions & Win-Win Policy xxiii. 189 The SOS is to get at unwanted pregnancies through better abstinence programs and better birth control. 2010 Independent (Nexis) 4 Oct. 4 Despite several attempts to get off drugs, it wasn't until he went on an abstinence programme that he was able to make any progress. abstinence symptom n. a symptom caused by or associated with the sudden withdrawal of a drug to which a person or animal is physically addicted; cf. abstinence syndrome n. ΚΠ 1877 London Med. Rec. 15 Mar. 91/2 The urine yielded albumen, without structural elements, until the cessation of the [morphine] abstinence-symptoms. 1918 Alcohol (Central Control Board (Liquor Traffic) Advisory Comm.) 112 A feeling of urgent need, or ‘craving,’ for the drug, which is usually regarded as, and probably is, at least in part, a genuine abstinence symptom. 1980 Drug & Alcohol Dependence 6 373 Levorphanol solution induces physical dependence in rats..as demonstrated by abstinence symptoms such as loss of body weight, sensitivity to touch and inversion of locomotor activity. 2008 Evening Chron. (Newcastle) (Nexis) 13 Oct. 2 By feeding your brain the exact nutrients that are needed to make its own feel-good chemicals, the abstinence symptoms and craving go away. abstinence syndrome n. Medicine a medical condition resulting from the sudden withdrawal of a drug to which a person or animal is physically addicted, having symptoms and signs varying with the type of drug involved.Often synonymous with withdrawal syndrome at withdrawal n. Compounds 1, but sometimes taken as including only physical (rather than physical and psychological) symptoms. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > drug addiction or craving > [noun] > ceasing use of addictive drug > reaction(s) to withdrawal symptom1924 abstinence syndrome1931 Jones1965 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders caused by poisons > [noun] > by drugs > withdrawal symptoms abstinence syndrome1931 1931 Bull. Hygiene 6 522/2 The clinical picture of the abstinence syndrome resembles the ‘water poisoning’ sometime ago described. 1983 Ottawa Herald 23 Nov. 2/5 Sleep disturbances, trouble concentrating, anxiety, altered taste are part of the temporary abstinence syndrome and may persist for a week or two. 2007 Clin. Pediatrics 46 639 Codeine-containing cough preparations given to pregnant mothers have been identified as a cause of neonatal abstinence syndrome. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.?c1225
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