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单词 gar
释义

garn.

Brit. /ɡɑː/, U.S. /ɡɑr/
Forms: Also garr, guard.
Etymology: Short < garfish n.
a. A fish of the Pike or Esox family of the genus Belone, having long bill-like jaws; the gar-fish or gar-pike.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Atheriniformes > [noun] > member of family Belonidae (gar-fish)
horn-fishOE
hornkeckc1425
garfishc1440
horn-stocka1485
green-bone1525
hornbeak1565
thorn-beak1570
horn-back1598
needlefish1601
spit-fish1601
sea-needle1603
ganefish1611
snacot-fish1611
greenbacka1682
bill-fisha1757
gar1767
sea-pike1769
saury1771
gar-pike1776
sea-snipea1832
mackerel guide1835
long-nose1836
gore-fish1839
gorebill1862
mackerel-scout1880
Long Tom1881
snipe-eel1882
1767 Bartram's Jrnl. 10 in W. Stork Acct. E. Florida (ed. 2) 'Tis full of large fish, as cats, garr, mullets.
1791 W. Bartram Trav. N. & S. Carolina 145 Alligators and gar were numerous in the bason.
1849 New S. Wales, etc. xi. 99 The best kind of fish are guard, mullet, and schnapper.
1857 R. Tomes Americans in Japan vi. 136 The varieties of fish are not numerous. Among those taken in the seine belonging to the ‘Susquehanna’, there were..two varieties of perch, the gar, and the common ray.
1893 Critic (N.Y.) 7 Jan. 9/1 Thus charming days were passed..watching gars playing leap-frog with Brer Turtle [etc.].
b. A ganoid fish of the genus Lepidosteus, having a similar general form but with rhombic scales. alligator-gar, a gar ( L. tristœchus) with a head somewhat resembling that of an alligator.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > subclass Actinopterygii > [noun] > infraclass Neopterygii > division Holostei or Halecostomi > member of family Lepisosteidae
bony pike1795
alligator gar1820
alligator-gar1843
diamond fish1854
1843 F. Marryat Narr. Trav. M. Violet III. xiii. 291 The alligator gar is sometimes ten feet long.
1885 C. F. Holder Marvels Animal Life 32 I have seen the great armoured gar rise again and again for the air.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

garv.

Brit. /ɡɑː/, U.S. /ɡɑr/, Scottish English /ɡar/
Forms: Middle English ger, ( ker), Middle English gere, Middle English gerre, Middle English–1600s gare, 1500s–1700s garr(e, Middle English– gar.
Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: Norse ger(v)a.
Etymology: < Old Norse ger(v)a, gør(v)a, gjǫr(v)a, geyra (Swedish göra , Danish gjöre ) to make, do, etc. = Old English gięrwan (also gearwian ) to prepare (see yare v.), Old Saxon garuwian , gerwian , Old High German *garwjan (recorded form gar(a)wan ; Middle High German gärwen , gerwen , modern German gärben , gerben ) < Old Germanic *garwjan , < the adjective *garwu- ready = Old English gearo yare adj. (compare gare adj.). The original sense of the Scandinavian verb ‘to do’, ‘to make’ (something), is rare in English which chiefly employs ‘gar’ with the meaning ‘to cause’ (to do or to be done) agreeing with one of the uses of the verb make.
Chiefly Scottish and northern dialect.
1. transitive. To do, perform; to make. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > doing > do [verb (transitive)]
i-wurchec888
i-dreeeOE
doeOE
dightc1000
workOE
haveOE
fet1297
takec1380
gara1400
playc1410
practisec1475
bedrive1481
fetch1530
perpetrate1535
act1590
exert1662
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 13835 Vr halidai noght he for-beres, Bot mani dedes o þaim he geres.
1428 Surtees Misc. (1888) 3 And so he gart yarof, als he graunted, ixxx peces & xij.
1457 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1883) II. 366 For garyng of iij. mals and nels.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. iv. 51 Thi lufly chere makys my hert glad, And many a tyme so has it gart.
1662 Kinross Witch Trial in Proc. Soc. Antiquaries Scotl. (1888) 22 231 He, being leading his father's peats..throo a heap of the said Janet Paton's muck, the said Janet said she should gar him alse good.
2. To make, to cause, in various constructions.
a. with simple object: To cause, to occasion. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)]
wieldeOE
timberc897
letc900
rearOE
doOE
i-wendeOE
workOE
makeOE
bringc1175
raisec1175
shapec1315
to owe (also have) a wold (also on wield)a1325
procurec1330
purchasec1330
causec1340
conform1377
performa1382
excite1398
induce1413
occasionate?c1450
occasionc1454
to bring about1480
gara1500
to bring to passc1513
encause1527
to work out1534
inferc1540
excitate?1549
import1550
ycause1563
frame1576
effect1581
to bring in1584
effectuatea1586
apport?1591
introduce1605
create1607
generate1607
cast1633
efficiate1639
conciliate1646
impetrate1647
state1654
accompass1668
to bring to bear1668
to bring on1671
effectivate1717
makee1719
superinduce1837
birth1913
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. ii. 13 Gog gif the sorow, boy! Want of mete it gars.
1590 T. Lodge Rosalynde: Euphues Golden Legacie sig. R4v Alas said he what garres thy griefe?
a1592 R. Greene Sc. Hist. Iames IV (1598) sig. C4v What gars this din of mirk and balefull harme.
1855 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Yorks. Words 67 Gar, to cause, to compel. ‘It gars me great pain.’
b. with object and active infinitive (to usually omitted): To make or cause one to do something, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > cause to do or cause to act
makea1225
putc1300
gara1340
have1390
geta1400
to set (a-)going1530
set1577
occasion1587
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xix. 8 [xx. 7] Proude horsis þat will stumbill & gere vs breke oure neke.
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xx. 56 He cutte awey treuthe, And gert gyle growe þere.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 17160 Oft þu geris mi wondis blede.
c1420 Lay Folks Mass Bk., York Hours 43 Þai..gerte hym bere on his bak þe cros.
c1480 (a1400) St. James Less 401 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 162 He þat kert blynd men clerly se..He helpe þe, gyf it be his wil.
1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 310 Fals Fortoun..makis him to fall Doun fra the hicht, garrand him licht so law.
c1560 Hunting Cheviot in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1889) III. vi. 308 Many a doughete the garde to dy.
1589 G. Peele Eglogue Gratulatorie i, in Wks. (1861) 561/1 Herdgroom, what gars thy pipe to go so loud?
c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 22 The Erll..resolues to gar ane devill dyng another.
1724 A. Ramsay Tea-table Misc. (1733) I. 101 My dady was harsh, My minny was warse, That gart him gae yont the sea.
1790 R. Burns Tam o' Shanter 123 in Poems & Songs (1968) II. 561 He screw'd the pipes and gart them skirl.
1816 W. Scott Antiquary I. ix. 201 But ye like to gar folk look like fools.
1878 W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (ed. 2) Gar, to compel. ‘A'll gar tha gang.’
1894 S. R. Crockett Lilac Sunbonnet 68 A dinnle in the elbuck that garred ye loup like a troot.
c. with object and infinitive passive: To cause something to be done; to have something done. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > cause to do or cause to act > cause to be done (to someone or something)
haveOE
to gar makec1330
gara1375
procurec1450
get?a1513
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2793 Greue þe nouȝt, for goddes loue þat gart þe be fourmed.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4870 Pharaon, þat all his will can gar be don.
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) iii. 8 Saynt Anne..wham saynt Helene gert be broght fra Ierusalem.
1469 in T. Stapleton Plumpton Corr. (1839) 21 Also that you gar the malt be windowd.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xxvi. 567 I shall gare theym bothe to be hanged.
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) 1 The actis that ȝour prudens, garris daly be exsecut.
1584 King James VI & I Ess. Prentise Poesie sig. I ii Mount heigh vp through the air, To gar thy heat and beames be law and neir.
d. with infinitive (rarely preceded by to) simply: to gar do, to gar make, etc.: To cause to be done, made, etc. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > cause to do or cause to act > cause to be done (to someone or something)
haveOE
to gar makec1330
gara1375
procurec1450
get?a1513
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 64 Ageyn þe erle Godwyn he gert sette assise.
1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. vi. 147 Gregorie þe grete clerk gart write in bokes The ruele of alle religious.
1429 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1836) I. 420 Labour that he sall do and gar do for me.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur ii. vi He garte to vnarme hym and bete hym with thornys.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xx. xvi I wylle founde & gar make an hows of relygyon.
a1500 Lancelot of Laik (1870) 2416 Euery thyng that In yhour myster lyis, I sall gar ordan at yhour awn dewys.
1570 G. Buchanan Chamæleon in Vernac. Writings (1892) 47 He sollicitat some previe men gar hang hir.
a1615 Balnagown MS in W. R. Baillie Breve Cron. Earlis of Ross (1850) 20 He gart bigg two stone barns.
3. To cause to go, to drive. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impelling or driving > impel or drive [verb (transitive)] > impel or drive animates
sendc950
driveOE
chacche138.
chasec1400
teisec1400
to take up1542
gar1587
urge1594
herd1883
shoo1903
society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > cut of sharp weapon > cut or penetrate (of weapon) [verb (transitive)] > strike with pointed weapon > thrust a pointed weapon
putc1275
shovec1275
rivec1330
stickc1390
stub1576
haft1582
uphilt1582
gar1587
embosom1590
emboss1590
flesh1590
imbrue1590
stabc1610
scour1613
1587 J. Hooker Chron. Ireland 179/1 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II The erle..had not beene heard of since he was garred out of Harlo wood.
1611 L. Barry Ram-Alley v. sig. H3v By heauen Ile gar my whyniard through your weombe.
4. To be amiss with, to ail.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > cause to be ill [verb (transitive)] > affect or afflict
aileOE
takec1300
visitc1340
troublec1400
vex?c1425
surprise1485
vizy1488
attaintc1534
heart-burn?1537
molest1559
gar1614
possess1617
misaffect1618
corrept1657
invalid1803
1614 J. Davies in W. Browne Shepheards Pipe sig. G3 What gars my Willy that he so doth wane?
1640 M. Parker King & Poore Northerne Man sig. A7 What gares these bables and babies all? Some ill have they done that they hang by the wals?
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

garint.

Brit. /ɡɑː/, U.S. /ɡɑr/
Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: god n.
Etymology: Euphemistic alteration of god n. Compare earlier Gad n.2In quot. a1616 perhaps imitating the French accent of the physician Dr Caius.
= Gad n.2
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [noun] > religious oaths (referring to God)
Coda1500
Gadc1500
cots1526
Cuds1607
gara1616
Cuts1671
dad1674
cops1693
bob1823
a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) i. iv. 112 By gar, I vill kill de Iack-Priest. View more context for this quotation
1877 W. Besant & J. Rice With Harp & Crown iv. 29 Gar! If I could crush him to powder beneath my feet.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

> as lemmas

GAR
GAR n. U.S. (now historical) Grand Army of the Republic, an association of veterans who served during the American Civil War (1861–5).The association existed from 1866 to 1956.
ΚΠ
1867 Daily Commerc. Reg. (Sandusky, Ohio) 5 Feb. G. A. R.—The following State officers were elected at the Convention of the Grand Army of the Republic held last week.
1884 Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 6 Sept. Edwin-Humphrey Post, No. 104, G.A.R., of this town celebrated its fifteenth anniversary by a camp-fire Friday evening.
1996 B. Stahura Sons of Union Veterans of Civil War 36/1 Besides establishing Memorial Day and veterans pensions, the GAR's influence is still felt today.
extracted from Gn.
<
n.1767v.c1330int.a1616
as lemmas
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