abstentionn.

Brit.

/əbˈstɛnʃn/, U.S.

/əbˈstɛn(t)ʃ(ə)n/,

/æbˈstɛn(t)ʃ(ə)n/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin abstention-, abstentio.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin abstention-, abstentio abstinence (4th cent.) < classical Latin abstent- , past participial stem of abstinēre abstain v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Middle French, French abstention act of refusing one's inheritance (16th cent.), act of refraining to exercise one's vote (1863; 1160 in Old French as astensiun in sense ‘abstinence, act of abstaining from certain foods’). Compare earlier abstaining n., abstinence n.With the development of classical Latin abs- in French compare discussion at ab- prefix.

†1. The action of keeping back or restraining someone or something; esp. the withdrawal of Communion from someone. Also: an instance of this. Chiefly with †of, from. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > [noun]

havingeOE

holdc1230

withholdingc1386

restrainingc1390

refraininga1398

repression?a1425

repressing1431

bridlingc1443

restraint1443

restrainc1449

repressurec1487

restingc1503

abstention1521

controlling1523

controlment1525

distrain1531

staying1563

control1564

refrain1568

retention1578

check1579

restrainment1579

refranation1583

cohibition1586

withholdment1640

curbing1661

coercion1827

chastenment1882

detent1907

clamp-down1940

1521 T. Wolsey in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) I. 50 The abstention of war, which may be as soon broken..as all the other assurance, cannot then prevail.

1653 J. Gauden Hieraspistes 103 Which present denial, or abstention of such an one from receiving the holy Sacrament, might afterwards be examined by publick and lawful authority.

1659 J. Gauden Ἱερα Δακρυα Embleme Trees sig. **2 f Ebaptizations, Correptions, Abstentions, Excommunications.

1720 J. Bingham Origines Ecclesiasticæ VII. xvi. ii. 103 The Council of Eliberis..orders this Sort of Abstention from the Eucharist for three Weeks.

2. The action of keeping oneself back, abstaining or refraining; (occasionally) the state of refraining or being kept back. Also: an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > [noun]

abstinencea1382

sustaininga1382

refrenationa1500

forbearance1597

abstentiona1656

refrainment1713

abstainment1819

absistence1881

a1656 Bp. J. Hall Shaking of Olive-tree (1660) ii. 303 Many sighes, and teares which now he bestowed upon his abstention from that dearly affected devotion.

1834 True Sun 19 Sept. Without strong evidence both for the necessity of its application, and the probability of its success, virtue requires the suppression of the advice, and the abstention of the adviser.

1870 Daily News 23 Apr. M. Picard..justifies his abstention from signing the manifesto of the Left.

1875 M. Arnold Ess. Crit. (ed. 3) x. 267 In them the character of abstention and renouncement, which we have noticed in Ali himself, was marked yet more strongly.

1927 Amer. Mercury Feb. 201/1 Customarily I don't go to church—an abstention that results from the prejudices of my early training.

1955 G. Gorer Exploring Eng. Char. iv. 64 An eighth of the people interviewed (12 per cent) refused to commit themselves in any way, much the highest figure of abstentions on any question in the field survey.

1962 A. Carter Direct Action 8 Gandhi called on his followers for..a day of abstention from work and of fasting and prayer.

2006 A. Soble Sex from Plato to Paglia I. 7 In attempting to give sharper definitions to these different notions of abstinence, we might well begin with a fundamental normative question about all abstention from sexual conduct.

a. An act of refraining from exercising one's vote.

ΚΠ

1849 Daily National Intelligencer (Washington) 8 Jan. A just appreciation may be made of the..number of abstentions we have signalized in our party.

1880 Illustr. London News 21 Feb. 178 The votes given were—for Mr. Clarke 7683..There were over 7000 abstentions.

1931 C. Mackenzie First Athenian Memories xv. 380 This result was not gained merely by abstentions in the Islands and the new territories where Venizelism was naturally predominant.

1979 H. Kissinger White House Years xix. 771 In 1969 the Important Question resolution had passed by a wide margin of 71 in favor, 48 against, and 4 abstentions.

2005 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 15 Mar. a14/1 China's rubber-stamp parliament voted by a margin of 2,896-0 (with two abstentions) to approve the anti-secession law aimed at Taiwan.

b. The action of refraining from voting.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > [noun] > refraining from voting

abstention1852

1852 Ann. Reg. 1851 i. 267/2 There are three courses to be pursued—a negative vote, abstention, or an affirmative vote.

1874 Fraser's Mag. Dec. 691/2 Deliberate abstention from voting is an extreme measure, only resorted to in the most desperate cases.

1914 G. H. Haynes in A. C. McLaughlin & A. B. Hart Cycl. Amer. Govt. III. 631/2 The assumption that abstention from voting is for the most part both voluntary and blame-worthy.

1922 Encycl. Brit. II. 562/2 The extremist group proposed abstention from the polls and an armed rising.

1948 Bull. (U.S. Dept. of State) 4 July 3/2 If a permanent member of the Security Council abstains from voting on a nonprocedural decision,..such abstention is not considered to be a veto.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	abstention
释义	abstentionn. Brit. /əbˈstɛnʃn/, U.S. /əbˈstɛn(t)ʃ(ə)n/, /æbˈstɛn(t)ʃ(ə)n/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin abstention-, abstentio. Etymology: < post-classical Latin abstention-, abstentio abstinence (4th cent.) < classical Latin abstent- , past participial stem of abstinēre abstain v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Middle French, French abstention act of refusing one's inheritance (16th cent.), act of refraining to exercise one's vote (1863; 1160 in Old French as astensiun in sense ‘abstinence, act of abstaining from certain foods’). Compare earlier abstaining n., abstinence n.With the development of classical Latin abs- in French compare discussion at ab- prefix. †1. The action of keeping back or restraining someone or something; esp. the withdrawal of Communion from someone. Also: an instance of this. Chiefly with †of, from. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > [noun] havingeOE holdc1230 withholdingc1386 restrainingc1390 refraininga1398 repression?a1425 repressing1431 bridlingc1443 restraint1443 restrainc1449 repressurec1487 restingc1503 abstention1521 controlling1523 controlment1525 distrain1531 staying1563 control1564 refrain1568 retention1578 check1579 restrainment1579 refranation1583 cohibition1586 withholdment1640 curbing1661 coercion1827 chastenment1882 detent1907 clamp-down1940 1521 T. Wolsey in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) I. 50 The abstention of war, which may be as soon broken..as all the other assurance, cannot then prevail. 1653 J. Gauden Hieraspistes 103 Which present denial, or abstention of such an one from receiving the holy Sacrament, might afterwards be examined by publick and lawful authority. 1659 J. Gauden Ἱερα Δακρυα Embleme Trees sig. *2 f Ebaptizations, Correptions, Abstentions, Excommunications. 1720 J. Bingham Origines Ecclesiasticæ* VII. xvi. ii. 103 The Council of Eliberis..orders this Sort of Abstention from the Eucharist for three Weeks. 2. The action of keeping oneself back, abstaining or refraining; (occasionally) the state of refraining or being kept back. Also: an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > inaction > not doing > abstaining or refraining from action > [noun] abstinencea1382 sustaininga1382 refrenationa1500 forbearance1597 abstentiona1656 refrainment1713 abstainment1819 absistence1881 a1656 Bp. J. Hall Shaking of Olive-tree (1660) ii. 303 Many sighes, and teares which now he bestowed upon his abstention from that dearly affected devotion. 1834 True Sun 19 Sept. Without strong evidence both for the necessity of its application, and the probability of its success, virtue requires the suppression of the advice, and the abstention of the adviser. 1870 Daily News 23 Apr. M. Picard..justifies his abstention from signing the manifesto of the Left. 1875 M. Arnold Ess. Crit. (ed. 3) x. 267 In them the character of abstention and renouncement, which we have noticed in Ali himself, was marked yet more strongly. 1927 Amer. Mercury Feb. 201/1 Customarily I don't go to church—an abstention that results from the prejudices of my early training. 1955 G. Gorer Exploring Eng. Char. iv. 64 An eighth of the people interviewed (12 per cent) refused to commit themselves in any way, much the highest figure of abstentions on any question in the field survey. 1962 A. Carter Direct Action 8 Gandhi called on his followers for..a day of abstention from work and of fasting and prayer. 2006 A. Soble Sex from Plato to Paglia I. 7 In attempting to give sharper definitions to these different notions of abstinence, we might well begin with a fundamental normative question about all abstention from sexual conduct. 3. a. An act of refraining from exercising one's vote. ΚΠ 1849 Daily National Intelligencer (Washington) 8 Jan. A just appreciation may be made of the..number of abstentions we have signalized in our party. 1880 Illustr. London News 21 Feb. 178 The votes given were—for Mr. Clarke 7683..There were over 7000 abstentions. 1931 C. Mackenzie First Athenian Memories xv. 380 This result was not gained merely by abstentions in the Islands and the new territories where Venizelism was naturally predominant. 1979 H. Kissinger White House Years xix. 771 In 1969 the Important Question resolution had passed by a wide margin of 71 in favor, 48 against, and 4 abstentions. 2005 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 15 Mar. a14/1 China's rubber-stamp parliament voted by a margin of 2,896-0 (with two abstentions) to approve the anti-secession law aimed at Taiwan. b. The action of refraining from voting. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > [noun] > refraining from voting abstention1852 1852 Ann. Reg. 1851 i. 267/2 There are three courses to be pursued—a negative vote, abstention, or an affirmative vote. 1874 Fraser's Mag. Dec. 691/2 Deliberate abstention from voting is an extreme measure, only resorted to in the most desperate cases. 1914 G. H. Haynes in A. C. McLaughlin & A. B. Hart Cycl. Amer. Govt. III. 631/2 The assumption that abstention from voting is for the most part both voluntary and blame-worthy. 1922 Encycl. Brit. II. 562/2 The extremist group proposed abstention from the polls and an armed rising. 1948 Bull. (U.S. Dept. of State) 4 July 3/2 If a permanent member of the Security Council abstains from voting on a nonprocedural decision,..such abstention is not considered to be a veto. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1521
随便看	sexcapade sexcentenaries sexcentenary sexcentenary tables sexchromosomal sexconscious sexcontrolled sexcrazed sexcuple sexcuspidate sexdecimal sexdecimo sexdecyl sexdetermining sexdigital sexdigitate sexdigitated sexdigitism sexdigitist sexdisaggregated sexdiscriminating sexdiscriminatory sexduction sexductions sexduodecimal