aspirateadj.n.

/ˈaspɪrət/

Etymology: < Latin aspīrātus, past participle of aspīrāre : see aspire v. and -ate suffix². Compare French aspiré.

A. adj.

= aspirated adj.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [adjective] > aspirate

spiritus asper1649

aspirated1668

incrassated1668

spiritous1668

aspirate1669

spirital1669

spirited1670

rough1696

1669 W. Holder Elem. Speech 71 They are not Aspirate. i.e. with such an Aspiration as H.

1751 Chambers's Cycl. (ed. 7) The Spiritus of the Greeks, our h aspirate.

1879 W. D. Whitney Sanskrit Gram. 13 Consonants—Aspirate Mutes.

B. n.

1. A consonantal sound in which the action of the breath is prominently marked; one which is followed by or blended with the sound of H n.(Modern phonologists generally apply the term to a consonantal diphthong consisting of a mute or stop followed by ‘the slipping-out of an audible bit of flatus or aspiration, between the breach of mute-closure and the following sound’ (Whitney), which is believed to be the character of the Sanskrit ‘aspirates,’ and to have been the original value of the Greek χ,θ,ϕ. But the term is also applied in Greek grammar to the current fricative value of these letters; and in the Roman alphabet generally to any modification of sound indicated by the addition of h; e.g. to the Celtic bh, mh (= v, and nasalized v); in Hebrew it has been given to the gutturals, and in other languages it has been used with similar vagueness).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [noun] > aspirate

aspirate1728

physem1878

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Some..write the Aspirates, or Letters aspirated; which, by others, are omitted.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) The Eastern Languages, which do not express the Vowels, do yet express the Aspirates.

1859 M. A. Schimmelpenninck Princ. Beauty iii. iii. §31 Gutturals, and rough aspirates, and strongly marked consonants are the most sudden and forcible inflections.

1879 W. D. Whitney Sanskrit Gram. 13 That the aspirates, all of them, are real mutes or contact sounds, and not fricatives (like European th, ph, ch, etc.) is beyond question.

2. The simple sound of the letter H n., or its equivalent the πνεῦμα δασύ, or spiritus asper (‘) of Greek grammar. esp. applied to initial h-, with reference to its being ‘dropped’ or hypercorrectly inserted in nonstandard speech.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [noun] > aspirate > sound of `h'

aspiration1569

spirit1612

aspirate1725

1725 A. Pope Pref. to Homer The feebler Æolic which often rejects its aspirate or takes off its accent.

1872 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch II. iv. xxxv. 196 A Middlemarch mercer of polite manners and superfluous aspirates.

1877 Punch 18 Aug. 65 Our old Cockney friend, 'Arry, who is weak in aspirates.

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3. Some writers have altered this word to asperate, after the spiritus asper of the Latin grammarians, an ingenious but unfounded conceit.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

aspiratev.

Brit.

/ˈaspᵻreɪt/, U.S.

/ˈæspəˌreɪt/

Etymology: < Latin aspīrāt- participial stem of aspīrāre : see aspirate adj. Compare French aspirer.

1. transitive. To pronounce with a breathing; to add an audible effect of the breath to any sound; to prefix h to a vowel, or add h or its supposed equivalent to a consonant sound. Also absol.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [verb (transitive)] > aspirate

aspirate1697

preaspirate1928

1697 J. Dryden Ded. Æneis in tr. Virgil Wks. sig. (c)^v Our W and H aspirate.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Aspirate, to pronounce with an Aspiration.

1802 R. L. Edgeworth & M. Edgeworth Ess. Irish Bulls xiii. 201 Londoners [are] aspirating always where they should not, and never aspirating where they should.

1877 W. Lytteil Landmarks Sc. Life & Lang. i. iv. 33 The Celts have aspirated the letter m in gumi.

2. transitive. To draw out a gas or vapour from a vessel; cf. aspirator n. a, b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > gas > [verb (transitive)] > draw gas or vapour from a vessel

aspirate1880

the world > space > place > removal or displacement > extraction > extract [verb (transitive)] > extract gas or liquid

exhaust1540

draina1552

to draw off1594

uncask1594

spring1597

carry1602

tap1602

milka1628

to carry off1677

evacuate1719

drafta1875

aspirate1880

bleed1889

1880 Nature 21 437 He proposes to aspirate the vapours of the chambers.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	aspirate
释义	aspirateadj.n. /ˈaspɪrət/ Etymology: < Latin aspīrātus, past participle of aspīrāre : see aspire v. and -ate suffix². Compare French aspiré. A. adj. = aspirated adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [adjective] > aspirate spiritus asper1649 aspirated1668 incrassated1668 spiritous1668 aspirate1669 spirital1669 spirited1670 rough1696 1669 W. Holder Elem. Speech 71 They are not Aspirate. i.e. with such an Aspiration as H. 1751 Chambers's Cycl. (ed. 7) The Spiritus of the Greeks, our h aspirate. 1879 W. D. Whitney Sanskrit Gram. 13 Consonants—Aspirate Mutes. B. n. 1. A consonantal sound in which the action of the breath is prominently marked; one which is followed by or blended with the sound of H n.(Modern phonologists generally apply the term to a consonantal diphthong consisting of a mute or stop followed by ‘the slipping-out of an audible bit of flatus or aspiration, between the breach of mute-closure and the following sound’ (Whitney), which is believed to be the character of the Sanskrit ‘aspirates,’ and to have been the original value of the Greek χ,θ,ϕ. But the term is also applied in Greek grammar to the current fricative value of these letters; and in the Roman alphabet generally to any modification of sound indicated by the addition of h; e.g. to the Celtic bh, mh (= v, and nasalized v); in Hebrew it has been given to the gutturals, and in other languages it has been used with similar vagueness). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [noun] > aspirate aspirate1728 physem1878 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Some..write the Aspirates, or Letters aspirated; which, by others, are omitted. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) The Eastern Languages, which do not express the Vowels, do yet express the Aspirates. 1859 M. A. Schimmelpenninck Princ. Beauty iii. iii. §31 Gutturals, and rough aspirates, and strongly marked consonants are the most sudden and forcible inflections. 1879 W. D. Whitney Sanskrit Gram. 13 That the aspirates, all of them, are real mutes or contact sounds, and not fricatives (like European th, ph, ch, etc.) is beyond question. 2. The simple sound of the letter H n., or its equivalent the πνεῦμα δασύ, or spiritus asper (‘) of Greek grammar. esp. applied to initial h-, with reference to its being ‘dropped’ or hypercorrectly inserted in nonstandard speech. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [noun] > aspirate > sound of `h' aspiration1569 spirit1612 aspirate1725 1725 A. Pope Pref. to Homer The feebler Æolic which often rejects its aspirate or takes off its accent. 1872 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch II. iv. xxxv. 196 A Middlemarch mercer of polite manners and superfluous aspirates. 1877 Punch 18 Aug. 65 Our old Cockney friend, 'Arry, who is weak in aspirates. Categories » 3. Some writers have altered this word to asperate, after the spiritus asper of the Latin grammarians, an ingenious but unfounded conceit. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2022). aspiratev. Brit. /ˈaspᵻreɪt/, U.S. /ˈæspəˌreɪt/ Etymology: < Latin aspīrāt- participial stem of aspīrāre : see aspirate adj. Compare French aspirer. 1. transitive. To pronounce with a breathing; to add an audible effect of the breath to any sound; to prefix h to a vowel, or add h or its supposed equivalent to a consonant sound. Also absol. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [verb (transitive)] > aspirate aspirate1697 preaspirate1928 1697 J. Dryden Ded. Æneis in tr. Virgil Wks. sig. (c)^v Our W and H aspirate. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Aspirate, to pronounce with an Aspiration. 1802 R. L. Edgeworth & M. Edgeworth Ess. Irish Bulls xiii. 201 Londoners [are] aspirating always where they should not, and never aspirating where they should. 1877 W. Lytteil Landmarks Sc. Life & Lang. i. iv. 33 The Celts have aspirated the letter m in gumi. 2. transitive. To draw out a gas or vapour from a vessel; cf. aspirator n. a, b. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > gas > [verb (transitive)] > draw gas or vapour from a vessel aspirate1880 the world > space > place > removal or displacement > extraction > extract [verb (transitive)] > extract gas or liquid exhaust1540 draina1552 to draw off1594 uncask1594 spring1597 carry1602 tap1602 milka1628 to carry off1677 evacuate1719 drafta1875 aspirate1880 bleed1889 1880 Nature 21 437 He proposes to aspirate the vapours of the chambers. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.n.1669v.1697
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