astronomyn.

Brit.

/əˈstrɒnəmi/, U.S.

/əˈstrɑnəmi/

Forms:

α. Middle English astoronomye, Middle English astronemy, Middle English astronomige, Middle English–1500s astronomye, Middle English–1600s astronomie, Middle English– astronomy, 1500s astronamye.

β. Middle English astromye, Middle English astrony, Middle English astronye.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French astronomie; Latin astronomia.

Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French astronomie (c1090; French astronomie , now only denoting the modern science), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin astronomia science of celestial objects < ancient Greek ἀστρονομία < ἀστρονόμος astronomer (see astronomer n.) + -ία -y suffix³. Compare Old Occitan astronomia (13th cent.), Catalan astronomia (c1250), Spanish astronomía (second half of the 13th cent.), Portuguese astronomia (16th cent.; 13th cent. as †estrolomia ), Italian astronomia (c1288), and also Old Frisian astronomie (West Frisian astronomy ), Middle Dutch astronomie (c1285; Dutch astronomie ), Middle Low German astronomīe , Middle High German astronomie (German Astronomie ). Compare later astrology n., which shows large-scale semantic overlap in early use (see discussion at that entry).The β. forms show elision of the third syllable; compare the β. forms at astronomien n. Two instances of this type (of the form astromye) occur in Chaucer's Miller's Tale 3451 and 3457 (compare quot. c1405 at sense 2), where they are probably intended as malapropisms in the mouth of the uneducated carpenter John. See further S. C. P. Horobin in Notes & Queries 48 (2001) 109–10, with summary of earlier discussion.

1. Originally: the science or art dealing with the positions and motions of planets and stars and their effect on natural phenomena and human affairs (one of the subjects of the quadrivium; now historical). In later use: the science which deals with the universe beyond the earth's atmosphere, comprising the study of celestial objects and extraterrestrial phenomena, and of the nature and history of the universe. Cf. astrology n. 1.nautical, physical, radio, X-ray astronomy, etc.: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > cosmology > astronomy > [noun]

astronomyc1275

astrology1656

uranoscopy1666

uranology1735

uranognosya1832

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12125 Heo ferden mid þan crafte to lokien in þan leofte, to lokien i þan steorren, nehȝe and feorren. Þe craft is ihate Astronomie [c1300 Otho þe craft his ihote astronomie in oþer kunnes speche].

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 792 And hem lerede witterlike Astronomige and arsmetike.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 27 (MED) Tholomeus, a connynge man of sciens of methametik..made more of astronomy þan was..y-made tofore his tyme.

a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) l. 7606 Gret clerkes of clergy, Þat has bene lered in astronemy And knawes þe constellacyouns.

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1879) VII. 271 A man instructe gretely in astrony and in geometry.

1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde i. xiii. sig. c7 Astronomye, whiche is of alle clergye the ende. By this scyence may..be enquyred of thinges of heuen and of therthe.

1570 H. Billingsley in tr. Euclid Elements Geom. v. Introd. f. 125^v The whole arte of Astronomy teacheth to measure proportions of tymes and mouinges.

1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke i. i. 1 The Ægyptians had a most singular knowledge of Astronomy.

1668 N. Fairfax Let. 1 June in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1967) IV. 434 The Starter of them is a plodding fellow, having somwhat in him of ye Mechanicks & Astronomy.

1715 tr. D. Gregory Elements Astron. I. Pref. p. ii The Celestial Physics, or Physical Astronomy, is not only the first in dignity of all inquiries into Nature whatever, but the first in order.

1751 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 28 Feb. (1932) (modernized text) IV. 1687 Ask my friend L'Abbé Sallier to recommend to you some meagre philomath to teach you a little geometry and astronomy.

1804 A. Ranken Hist. France III. iv. 308 Arithmetic, music, geometry, and astronomy formed Quadrivium.

1807 T. Young Course Lect. Nat. Philos. I. xxxvi. 420 Reflecting quadrants and circles..may most properly be considered as belonging to the subject of practical astronomy.

1899 W. H. S. Monck Introd. Stellar Astron. iv. 77 The question whether all known stars constitute a single system, or whether there are at least two classes..is one of the unsolved problems in Stellar Astronomy.

1939 E. D. Laborde tr. E. de Martonne Shorter Physical Geogr. (rev. ed.) 3 The perfected methods of modern geodesy and astronomy have shown that the Earth is somewhat of the shape of an ‘ellipsoid of revolution’.

2008 Atlantic Monthly June 80/1 NASA supports some astronomy to search for near-Earth objects.

2010 Art Q. Spring 21/1 Three of the ‘mechanical arts’—architecture, painting and sculpture—were raised to the status of the ‘liberal arts’ (grammar, rhetoric, logic, geometry, arithmetic, music, astronomy).

†2. The art of astrology practised as a means of predicting human affairs. Obsolete.For the distinction between astronomy and astrology in early use, see discussion at astrology n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > astrology > [noun]

estellationc1300

astrologya1393

astronomyc1400

mathematicals1563

astrologics1569

astronomicals1658

uranics1671

c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xxii. l. 244 To seo and to seye what sholde by-falle..As astronomyens þorw astronomye.

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Miller's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 265 This man is falle with his Astromye In som woodnesse or in som Agonye.

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) vi. l. 1511 (MED) Mitridate..delitid most in astronomye, In sortilege & in sorcerye.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. cxxv So lernyd in Astronomy y^t she toke vpon her to shewe thynges to come.

1540 A. Borde (title) The pryncyples of astronamye the whiche diligently perscrutyd is in maner a pronosticacyon to the worldes end.

1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets xiv. sig. B3^v Not from the stars do I my judgement plucke, And yet me thinkes I haue Astronomy .

1727 D. Defoe Syst. Magick i. i. 22 In..Astronomy, they [sc. southsayers] soon found the secret Influences of the Stars upon the Surface of the Earth.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	astronomy
释义	astronomyn. Brit. /əˈstrɒnəmi/, U.S. /əˈstrɑnəmi/ Forms: α. Middle English astoronomye, Middle English astronemy, Middle English astronomige, Middle English–1500s astronomye, Middle English–1600s astronomie, Middle English– astronomy, 1500s astronamye. β. Middle English astromye, Middle English astrony, Middle English astronye. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French astronomie; Latin astronomia. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French astronomie (c1090; French astronomie , now only denoting the modern science), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin astronomia science of celestial objects < ancient Greek ἀστρονομία < ἀστρονόμος astronomer (see astronomer n.) + -ία -y suffix³. Compare Old Occitan astronomia (13th cent.), Catalan astronomia (c1250), Spanish astronomía (second half of the 13th cent.), Portuguese astronomia (16th cent.; 13th cent. as †estrolomia ), Italian astronomia (c1288), and also Old Frisian astronomie (West Frisian astronomy ), Middle Dutch astronomie (c1285; Dutch astronomie ), Middle Low German astronomīe , Middle High German astronomie (German Astronomie ). Compare later astrology n., which shows large-scale semantic overlap in early use (see discussion at that entry).The β. forms show elision of the third syllable; compare the β. forms at astronomien n. Two instances of this type (of the form astromye) occur in Chaucer's Miller's Tale 3451 and 3457 (compare quot. c1405 at sense 2), where they are probably intended as malapropisms in the mouth of the uneducated carpenter John. See further S. C. P. Horobin in Notes & Queries 48 (2001) 109–10, with summary of earlier discussion. 1. Originally: the science or art dealing with the positions and motions of planets and stars and their effect on natural phenomena and human affairs (one of the subjects of the quadrivium; now historical). In later use: the science which deals with the universe beyond the earth's atmosphere, comprising the study of celestial objects and extraterrestrial phenomena, and of the nature and history of the universe. Cf. astrology n. 1.nautical, physical, radio, X-ray astronomy, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > cosmology > astronomy > [noun] astronomyc1275 astrology1656 uranoscopy1666 uranology1735 uranognosya1832 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12125 Heo ferden mid þan crafte to lokien in þan leofte, to lokien i þan steorren, nehȝe and feorren. Þe craft is ihate Astronomie [c1300 Otho þe craft his ihote astronomie in oþer kunnes speche]. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 792 And hem lerede witterlike Astronomige and arsmetike. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1874) V. 27 (MED) Tholomeus, a connynge man of sciens of methametik..made more of astronomy þan was..y-made tofore his tyme. a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) l. 7606 Gret clerkes of clergy, Þat has bene lered in astronemy And knawes þe constellacyouns. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1879) VII. 271 A man instructe gretely in astrony and in geometry. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde i. xiii. sig. c7 Astronomye, whiche is of alle clergye the ende. By this scyence may..be enquyred of thinges of heuen and of therthe. 1570 H. Billingsley in tr. Euclid Elements Geom. v. Introd. f. 125^v The whole arte of Astronomy teacheth to measure proportions of tymes and mouinges. 1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke i. i. 1 The Ægyptians had a most singular knowledge of Astronomy. 1668 N. Fairfax Let. 1 June in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1967) IV. 434 The Starter of them is a plodding fellow, having somwhat in him of ye Mechanicks & Astronomy. 1715 tr. D. Gregory Elements Astron. I. Pref. p. ii The Celestial Physics, or Physical Astronomy, is not only the first in dignity of all inquiries into Nature whatever, but the first in order. 1751 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 28 Feb. (1932) (modernized text) IV. 1687 Ask my friend L'Abbé Sallier to recommend to you some meagre philomath to teach you a little geometry and astronomy. 1804 A. Ranken Hist. France III. iv. 308 Arithmetic, music, geometry, and astronomy formed Quadrivium. 1807 T. Young Course Lect. Nat. Philos. I. xxxvi. 420 Reflecting quadrants and circles..may most properly be considered as belonging to the subject of practical astronomy. 1899 W. H. S. Monck Introd. Stellar Astron. iv. 77 The question whether all known stars constitute a single system, or whether there are at least two classes..is one of the unsolved problems in Stellar Astronomy. 1939 E. D. Laborde tr. E. de Martonne Shorter Physical Geogr. (rev. ed.) 3 The perfected methods of modern geodesy and astronomy have shown that the Earth is somewhat of the shape of an ‘ellipsoid of revolution’. 2008 Atlantic Monthly June 80/1 NASA supports some astronomy to search for near-Earth objects. 2010 Art Q. Spring 21/1 Three of the ‘mechanical arts’—architecture, painting and sculpture—were raised to the status of the ‘liberal arts’ (grammar, rhetoric, logic, geometry, arithmetic, music, astronomy). †2. The art of astrology practised as a means of predicting human affairs. Obsolete.For the distinction between astronomy and astrology in early use, see discussion at astrology n. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > astrology > [noun] estellationc1300 astrologya1393 astronomyc1400 mathematicals1563 astrologics1569 astronomicals1658 uranics1671 c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xxii. l. 244 To seo and to seye what sholde by-falle..As astronomyens þorw astronomye. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Miller's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 265 This man is falle with his Astromye In som woodnesse or in som Agonye. a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) vi. l. 1511 (MED) Mitridate..delitid most in astronomye, In sortilege & in sorcerye. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. cxxv So lernyd in Astronomy y^t she toke vpon her to shewe thynges to come. 1540 A. Borde (title) The pryncyples of astronamye the whiche diligently perscrutyd is in maner a pronosticacyon to the worldes end. 1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets xiv. sig. B3^v Not from the stars do I my judgement plucke, And yet me thinkes I haue Astronomy . View more context for this quotation 1727 D. Defoe Syst. Magick i. i. 22 In..Astronomy, they [sc. southsayers] soon found the secret Influences of the Stars upon the Surface of the Earth. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.c1275
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