单词 | infective |
释义 | infectiveadj.n. A. adj. 1. = infectious adj. 1; (in later use) esp. causing or responsible for infection. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > production of disease > [adjective] > infectious contagiousc1374 infectivea1398 smitting?c1450 infected1480 infectuous1495 infecting1539 infectious1575 smittle1583 catching1594 contaminous1599 taking1608 communicative1741 malignant1822 contaminative1826 zymotic1842 smittling1845 infectant1855 autoinfective1874 catchy1884 toxo-infectious1907 postinfectious1913 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xviii. lxvi. 1218 His [sc. a lion's] breþ stynkeþ and is infectiue and infecteþ oþre þinges. And his bytynge is dedliche and venemous. 1476 B. Burgh tr. Cato's Distichs (Caxton) iv For the pestilence eire which is infectif. ?a1525 (c1450) Christ's Burial & Resurrection i. l. 368 in F. J. Furnivall Digby Plays (1896) 183 To wash away corrupcion of wondes infectyfe. 1562 W. Turner Bk. Natures Bathes Eng. f. 2, in 2nd Pt. Herball If he be sieke in a smitting or infective disease. 1599 A. Hume Poems (1902) 20 Why thik infectiue mists sa marke, oreheills the earth and air. 1616 G. Markham tr. C. Estienne et al. Maison Rustique (rev. ed.) iii. li. 426 This Oyle of Oates..expelleth out of the bodie all manner of venimous and infectiue humours. 1671 J. Archer Every Man his own Doctor ii. iii. 118 Presently after a man hath lain with an infective Woman, he shall find a faintness or indisposition, a lassitude over the whole body without other cause. 1721 Place's Hypothetical Notion of Plague iii. 24 The infective Matter are Particles of fiery and rapid Motion, and an Activity superior to that of the Blood. 1772 N. D. Falck Treat. Venereal Dis. ii. v. 160 But after the ulceration is become quiet, and the inflammatory symptoms abated, it loses together in some measure its infective quality. 1833 United Service Jrnl. i. 299 It is enough for us to know, that the stage wherein we meet it [sc. plague] is infective and transportable. 1881 Nature 18 Aug. 373/2 Prof. Klebs..declared the infective quality to be due to the presence of a microphyte. 1941 Phytopathology 31 1093 The samples of rib-grass-mosaic virus..were shown to be highly infective. 1979 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 13 Aug. 4/3 Individual deaths and sickness would have been listed simply as pneumonia with no connection to a specific infective agent somewhere in the environment. 2001 K. Ives in R. Catlow & S. Greenfield Cosmic Rays 41 The infective form..is widespread in the environment and may be derived from farm animals and wild animals as well as from cryptosporidiosis sufferers. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [adjective] > harmful or injurious litherc893 scathefulc900 orneOE teenfulOE atterlichc1050 evilc1175 wicka1250 scathela1300 deringa1325 unkindc1330 harmfula1340 ill1340 wicked1340 shrewdc1380 noisomea1382 venomed1382 noyfulc1384 damageousc1386 infectivea1398 unwholesomea1400 annoying?c1400 mischievous1414 damnablec1420 contagiousc1430 mischievable?a1439 damagefulc1449 damageable1474 unhappy1474 nuisable1483 nocible1490 nuisible1490 nuisant1494 noxiousa1500 nocent?c1500 hurtful1526 sinistral1534 nocive1538 offendent1547 offensivea1548 dangerous1548 naughtya1555 dispendious1557 offensible1575 wrackful1578 baneful1579 hindersome1580 scandalizing1593 damnifiable1604 taking1608 toadish1611 illful1613 nocivousc1616 mischieving1621 nocuous1627 obnoxious1638 nocumentous1644 vicious1656 nocumental1657 abnoxious1680 dungeonable1691 offending1694 hurtsomea1699 nociferous1706 sinister1726 damnific1727 hazardous1748 slaughtering1811 damaging1856 damnous1870 lethal1942 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. lxxv. 967 It is soone ygreued wiþ cold ayer, wiþ hayl, wiþ rayn, wiþ yuel dewe and infectif [a1425 Morgan infectyue, L. ex rore..infectivo]. tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) ix. l. 14 Al other donge is infectif of wynys. 3. = infectious adj. 4. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > corruption > [adjective] > making corrupting1509 poisonful1520 infectivea1522 poisonous1555 infectious1574 seducing?1574 corruptful1596 depraving1606 corruptive1609 leavenous1649 poisonala1660 depravative1682 demoralizing1794 blotching1865 society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > degrading or impairing morally > [adjective] > corrupting > infecting contagiousc1374 poisonful1520 infectivea1522 poisonous1555 infectious1574 poisonala1660 a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xii. Prol. l. 227 This schamefull play..contagius and infective. 1576 A. Fleming tr. Hippocrates in Panoplie Epist. 269 The desire of vertue..though it be excessive, yet is it not noisome, yet is it not hurtful, yet is it not infective. 1602 W. Burton Anat. Belial in 10 Serm. 161 Some in their wanton and light behaviour are..infective to the weaker Christians. 1661 O. Felltham Resolves (rev. ed.) 339 It [sc. dancing] was rudely and lasciviously used by the Vulgar, and with the infective Pagans of those times. 1766 G. Baddelley Several Disc. ii. 36 So very infective are corrupt morals. 1869 E. B. Pusey Parochial & Cathedral Serm. (1883) xxvi. 365 Yet sin has a terrible, infective prolificalness, a hideous progeny. 1899 Expositor Mar. 182 Sin is not only cumulative but infective. 1958 R. Dohrman Cross of Baron Samedi ii. 56 For each demonstration of exalted human behavior there was more than its balance of small infective vices. 1977 M. Boyce Persian Stronghold of Zoroastrianism v. 110 The powers of evil have to gather in force, and they remain about the body after the soul has left it, emanating an infective corruption. 4. = infectious adj. 6. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > effect produced on emotions > infectious quality of emotion > [adjective] infective1593 catching1594 infectious1619 contagious1660 1593 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia 120 True love, well considered, hath an infective power. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §945 Feare and Shame are likewise Infectiue; for wee see that the Starting of one will make another ready to Start. 1702 G. Farquhar Inconstant iv. iii. 53 There, there, behold an Object that's Infective; I cannot view her but I am as mad as she. 1783 All Pleas'd at Last p. iii The infective peals of laughter are no more! 1823 Sabbath Aug. 23 183 Like thee, when Spring her verdant mantle shed, Infective joy, they spent the rosy hours. 1880 T. G. Hake Maiden Ecstasy 79 Love.., the infective fire Flashes within her heart. 1915 Smart Set Sept. 270/1 He was always smiling..that agreeable, infective smile that got so horribly on his nerves. 1995 E. Howe Ital. Dreams 193 The infective happiness of Sunday strollers in the sunshine. B. n. 1. Something that causes infection; (in later use) spec. an organism which is capable of infecting another species. ΚΠ 1721 Place's Hypothetical Notion of Plague 17 It self also is easily made a Prey to any Infectives of greater Activity. 1757 E. Barnard Virtue Source of Pleasure 34 May not Trash pollute the tender Mind, And fix Infectives there that bind to Vice, And all relax the Soul from Virtue's Cause? 1879 Med. Rec. 18 Jan. 54/2 It impedes those blood-changes which are a part of the noticed effect of most infectives in their initial work. 1906 Lancet 7 July 64/2 Intraocular infectives. 1960 Adv. Virus Res. 7 331 Strains selected for their resistance to neurotropic viruses showed specific resistance only toward that particular group of infectives. 2002 E. E. Lewis et al. Behav. Ecol. Parasites v. 94 In southern Texas, infectives of two foliar parasites..had optima for motility 10° cooler than those of root parasites. 2. An individual suffering from an infection; spec. an infected member of a population who is capable of transmitting infection to other members. Cf. susceptible n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > production of disease > [noun] > person or population infecter1509 infector1580 carrier1593 vaccinifer1862 fecundator1883 infective1925 reservoir1939 1925 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 3 Oct. 598/2 (table) Percentage of infectives. 1952 Biometrika 39 232 A method of testing the validity of the approximate theory was therefore to evaluate by means of it the probability of an epidemic beginning at such times (this depending on the exact number of susceptibles present, and infectives entering, at the time). 1992 R. Thomas Geomed. Syst. iv. 119 These terms each count the equilibrium number of new cases caused by each infective who makes contacts with the susceptibles resident in region i. 2009 R. W. Shonkwiler & J. Herod Math. Biol. xi. 392 It is assumed that sensitive infectives respond quickly to treatment and return to the susceptible class. Compounds infective hepatitis n. = infectious hepatitis n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > glandular disorders > [noun] > disorders of liver hepatitis1699 liver rot1785 liver1805 gin liver1830 nutmeg liver1833 cirrhosis1839 Laennec's cirrhosis1839 gin drinker's liver1845 yellow atrophy1845 hobnailed liver1849 red atrophy1849 hobnail liver1882 fascioliasis1884 infectious hepatitis1891 distomatosis1892 distomiasis1892 hepatomegalia1893 infective hepatitis1896 spirit liver1896 hepatoma1905 hepatosplenomegalia1930 Pick's syndrome1932 serum hepatitis1943 Pick's syndrome1955 micronodular cirrhosis1960 macronodular cirrhosis1967 hep1975 1896 A. E. Garrod tr. B. Naunyn Treat. Cholelithiasis vii. 130 (heading) Infective hepatitis [Ger. infectiöse Hepatitis] (abscess of the liver). 1959 Chambers's Encycl. VII. 23/2 Acute infective hepatitis is the newer name for a condition long known in medical practice as catarrhal jaundice. 2011 Safety Sci. 49 1201/1 A number of reports..have shown that there is a high incidence of cholera, typhoid, dysentery, infective hepatitis, polio and dengue among people who live in Dhaka. Derivatives inˈfectiveness n. = infectiousness n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > production of disease > [noun] > infection > infectious quality infectiousness1578 infectibility1721 infectiveness1860 infectivity1871 intercommunicability1884 1860 A. Collinson Smallpox & Vaccination 44 We ask in vain how it happens that the mere transmission of a poison of fearful virulence and infectiveness through a lower animal should thus disarm it of all its danger and power of contagion. 1871 Daily News 16 Aug. Cholera has a certain peculiar infectiveness of its own. 1971 Science 8 Oct. 169/2 Increasing evidence for promiscuity in Rhizobium infectiveness among the legumes. 2008 D. Vose Risk Anal. xxi. 530 The model does not include the possibility that the dose will consist of organisms of varying infectiveness. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.a1398 |
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