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单词 infective
释义

infectiveadj.n.

Brit. /ɪnˈfɛktɪv/, U.S. /ᵻnˈfɛktɪv/
Forms: Middle English infectif, Middle English infectyf, Middle English–1500s infectyue, Middle English–1600s infectiue, 1500s infeccatife (Scottish), 1500s infectife, 1500s infectyfe, 1500s– infective.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin infectīvus.
Etymology: < classical Latin infectīvus used for dyeing, in post-classical Latin also infectious, poisonous (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources), (morally) corruptive (from 13th cent. in British sources) < infect- , past participial stem of inficere infect v. + -īvus -ive suffix. Compare Middle French infectif (1478 in a translation of Chauliac), Spanish infectivo (1495; apparently rare before 19th cent.), Italian infettivo (15th cent.). Compare infectious adj.The following apparent earlier example of infectiveness n. at Derivatives may instead show a typographical error for ineffectiveness n., although this is first attested slightly later:1662 W. Bates Peace-maker i. 2 His great design is to represent the vanity and infectiveness of all the Ceremonial Law, and to express and prove the vertue and efficacy of the Lord Jesus his death.
A. adj.
1. = infectious adj. 1; (in later use) esp. causing or responsible for infection.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > production of disease > [adjective] > infectious
contagiousc1374
infectivea1398
smitting?c1450
infected1480
infectuous1495
infecting1539
infectious1575
smittle1583
catching1594
contaminous1599
taking1608
communicative1741
malignant1822
contaminative1826
zymotic1842
smittling1845
infectant1855
autoinfective1874
catchy1884
toxo-infectious1907
postinfectious1913
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xviii. lxvi. 1218 His [sc. a lion's] breþ stynkeþ and is infectiue and infecteþ oþre þinges. And his bytynge is dedliche and venemous.
1476 B. Burgh tr. Cato's Distichs (Caxton) iv For the pestilence eire which is infectif.
?a1525 (c1450) Christ's Burial & Resurrection i. l. 368 in F. J. Furnivall Digby Plays (1896) 183 To wash away corrupcion of wondes infectyfe.
1562 W. Turner Bk. Natures Bathes Eng. f. 2, in 2nd Pt. Herball If he be sieke in a smitting or infective disease.
1599 A. Hume Poems (1902) 20 Why thik infectiue mists sa marke, oreheills the earth and air.
1616 G. Markham tr. C. Estienne et al. Maison Rustique (rev. ed.) iii. li. 426 This Oyle of Oates..expelleth out of the bodie all manner of venimous and infectiue humours.
1671 J. Archer Every Man his own Doctor ii. iii. 118 Presently after a man hath lain with an infective Woman, he shall find a faintness or indisposition, a lassitude over the whole body without other cause.
1721 Place's Hypothetical Notion of Plague iii. 24 The infective Matter are Particles of fiery and rapid Motion, and an Activity superior to that of the Blood.
1772 N. D. Falck Treat. Venereal Dis. ii. v. 160 But after the ulceration is become quiet, and the inflammatory symptoms abated, it loses together in some measure its infective quality.
1833 United Service Jrnl. i. 299 It is enough for us to know, that the stage wherein we meet it [sc. plague] is infective and transportable.
1881 Nature 18 Aug. 373/2 Prof. Klebs..declared the infective quality to be due to the presence of a microphyte.
1941 Phytopathology 31 1093 The samples of rib-grass-mosaic virus..were shown to be highly infective.
1979 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 13 Aug. 4/3 Individual deaths and sickness would have been listed simply as pneumonia with no connection to a specific infective agent somewhere in the environment.
2001 K. Ives in R. Catlow & S. Greenfield Cosmic Rays 41 The infective form..is widespread in the environment and may be derived from farm animals and wild animals as well as from cryptosporidiosis sufferers.
2. That contaminates or taints something. Also with of. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [adjective] > harmful or injurious
litherc893
scathefulc900
orneOE
teenfulOE
atterlichc1050
evilc1175
wicka1250
scathela1300
deringa1325
unkindc1330
harmfula1340
ill1340
wicked1340
shrewdc1380
noisomea1382
venomed1382
noyfulc1384
damageousc1386
infectivea1398
unwholesomea1400
annoying?c1400
mischievous1414
damnablec1420
contagiousc1430
mischievable?a1439
damagefulc1449
damageable1474
unhappy1474
nuisable1483
nocible1490
nuisible1490
nuisant1494
noxiousa1500
nocent?c1500
hurtful1526
sinistral1534
nocive1538
offendent1547
offensivea1548
dangerous1548
naughtya1555
dispendious1557
offensible1575
wrackful1578
baneful1579
hindersome1580
scandalizing1593
damnifiable1604
taking1608
toadish1611
illful1613
nocivousc1616
mischieving1621
nocuous1627
obnoxious1638
nocumentous1644
vicious1656
nocumental1657
abnoxious1680
dungeonable1691
offending1694
hurtsomea1699
nociferous1706
sinister1726
damnific1727
hazardous1748
slaughtering1811
damaging1856
damnous1870
lethal1942
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. lxxv. 967 It is soone ygreued wiþ cold ayer, wiþ hayl, wiþ rayn, wiþ yuel dewe and infectif [a1425 Morgan infectyue, L. ex rore..infectivo].
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) ix. l. 14 Al other donge is infectif of wynys.
3. = infectious adj. 4.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > corruption > [adjective] > making
corrupting1509
poisonful1520
infectivea1522
poisonous1555
infectious1574
seducing?1574
corruptful1596
depraving1606
corruptive1609
leavenous1649
poisonala1660
depravative1682
demoralizing1794
blotching1865
society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > degrading or impairing morally > [adjective] > corrupting > infecting
contagiousc1374
poisonful1520
infectivea1522
poisonous1555
infectious1574
poisonala1660
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xii. Prol. l. 227 This schamefull play..contagius and infective.
1576 A. Fleming tr. Hippocrates in Panoplie Epist. 269 The desire of vertue..though it be excessive, yet is it not noisome, yet is it not hurtful, yet is it not infective.
1602 W. Burton Anat. Belial in 10 Serm. 161 Some in their wanton and light behaviour are..infective to the weaker Christians.
1661 O. Felltham Resolves (rev. ed.) 339 It [sc. dancing] was rudely and lasciviously used by the Vulgar, and with the infective Pagans of those times.
1766 G. Baddelley Several Disc. ii. 36 So very infective are corrupt morals.
1869 E. B. Pusey Parochial & Cathedral Serm. (1883) xxvi. 365 Yet sin has a terrible, infective prolificalness, a hideous progeny.
1899 Expositor Mar. 182 Sin is not only cumulative but infective.
1958 R. Dohrman Cross of Baron Samedi ii. 56 For each demonstration of exalted human behavior there was more than its balance of small infective vices.
1977 M. Boyce Persian Stronghold of Zoroastrianism v. 110 The powers of evil have to gather in force, and they remain about the body after the soul has left it, emanating an infective corruption.
4. = infectious adj. 6.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > effect produced on emotions > infectious quality of emotion > [adjective]
infective1593
catching1594
infectious1619
contagious1660
1593 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia 120 True love, well considered, hath an infective power.
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §945 Feare and Shame are likewise Infectiue; for wee see that the Starting of one will make another ready to Start.
1702 G. Farquhar Inconstant iv. iii. 53 There, there, behold an Object that's Infective; I cannot view her but I am as mad as she.
1783 All Pleas'd at Last p. iii The infective peals of laughter are no more!
1823 Sabbath Aug. 23 183 Like thee, when Spring her verdant mantle shed, Infective joy, they spent the rosy hours.
1880 T. G. Hake Maiden Ecstasy 79 Love.., the infective fire Flashes within her heart.
1915 Smart Set Sept. 270/1 He was always smiling..that agreeable, infective smile that got so horribly on his nerves.
1995 E. Howe Ital. Dreams 193 The infective happiness of Sunday strollers in the sunshine.
B. n.
1. Something that causes infection; (in later use) spec. an organism which is capable of infecting another species.
ΚΠ
1721 Place's Hypothetical Notion of Plague 17 It self also is easily made a Prey to any Infectives of greater Activity.
1757 E. Barnard Virtue Source of Pleasure 34 May not Trash pollute the tender Mind, And fix Infectives there that bind to Vice, And all relax the Soul from Virtue's Cause?
1879 Med. Rec. 18 Jan. 54/2 It impedes those blood-changes which are a part of the noticed effect of most infectives in their initial work.
1906 Lancet 7 July 64/2 Intraocular infectives.
1960 Adv. Virus Res. 7 331 Strains selected for their resistance to neurotropic viruses showed specific resistance only toward that particular group of infectives.
2002 E. E. Lewis et al. Behav. Ecol. Parasites v. 94 In southern Texas, infectives of two foliar parasites..had optima for motility 10° cooler than those of root parasites.
2. An individual suffering from an infection; spec. an infected member of a population who is capable of transmitting infection to other members. Cf. susceptible n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > production of disease > [noun] > person or population
infecter1509
infector1580
carrier1593
vaccinifer1862
fecundator1883
infective1925
reservoir1939
1925 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 3 Oct. 598/2 (table) Percentage of infectives.
1952 Biometrika 39 232 A method of testing the validity of the approximate theory was therefore to evaluate by means of it the probability of an epidemic beginning at such times (this depending on the exact number of susceptibles present, and infectives entering, at the time).
1992 R. Thomas Geomed. Syst. iv. 119 These terms each count the equilibrium number of new cases caused by each infective who makes contacts with the susceptibles resident in region i.
2009 R. W. Shonkwiler & J. Herod Math. Biol. xi. 392 It is assumed that sensitive infectives respond quickly to treatment and return to the susceptible class.

Compounds

infective hepatitis n. = infectious hepatitis n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > glandular disorders > [noun] > disorders of liver
hepatitis1699
liver rot1785
liver1805
gin liver1830
nutmeg liver1833
cirrhosis1839
Laennec's cirrhosis1839
gin drinker's liver1845
yellow atrophy1845
hobnailed liver1849
red atrophy1849
hobnail liver1882
fascioliasis1884
infectious hepatitis1891
distomatosis1892
distomiasis1892
hepatomegalia1893
infective hepatitis1896
spirit liver1896
hepatoma1905
hepatosplenomegalia1930
Pick's syndrome1932
serum hepatitis1943
Pick's syndrome1955
micronodular cirrhosis1960
macronodular cirrhosis1967
hep1975
1896 A. E. Garrod tr. B. Naunyn Treat. Cholelithiasis vii. 130 (heading) Infective hepatitis [Ger. infectiöse Hepatitis] (abscess of the liver).
1959 Chambers's Encycl. VII. 23/2 Acute infective hepatitis is the newer name for a condition long known in medical practice as catarrhal jaundice.
2011 Safety Sci. 49 1201/1 A number of reports..have shown that there is a high incidence of cholera, typhoid, dysentery, infective hepatitis, polio and dengue among people who live in Dhaka.

Derivatives

inˈfectiveness n. = infectiousness n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > production of disease > [noun] > infection > infectious quality
infectiousness1578
infectibility1721
infectiveness1860
infectivity1871
intercommunicability1884
1860 A. Collinson Smallpox & Vaccination 44 We ask in vain how it happens that the mere transmission of a poison of fearful virulence and infectiveness through a lower animal should thus disarm it of all its danger and power of contagion.
1871 Daily News 16 Aug. Cholera has a certain peculiar infectiveness of its own.
1971 Science 8 Oct. 169/2 Increasing evidence for promiscuity in Rhizobium infectiveness among the legumes.
2008 D. Vose Risk Anal. xxi. 530 The model does not include the possibility that the dose will consist of organisms of varying infectiveness.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.n.a1398
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