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arsenicn. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French arsenik, arcenic; Latin arsenicon, arsenicum. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman arsenik, arcenik, arsneke and Middle French arcenic, arsenic toxic substance used in medicines (13th cent. or earlier), orpiment (1372; French arsenic ), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin arsenicon (also arrenicum, arrhenicum; in post-classical Latin also arsenicum (a636 in Isidore)), < ancient Greek (non-Attic) ἀρσενικόν (Attic ἀρρενικόν ) yellow orpiment, apparently ultimately < an unattested Middle Iranian word (probably transmitted via a Semitic language: see note), subsequently influenced by ancient Greek ἀρρενικός (adjective) masculine, male ( < ἄρρην male (see arrenotokous adj.) + -ικός -ic suffix). With use with reference to the chemical element (see sense 2) compare French régule d'arsenic regulus of arsenic, i.e. the metallic form of arsenic (1704) and later arsenic (1762 in this sense).The unattested Middle Iranian word survives into New Persian as zarnī , zarnīk arsenic, orpiment, realgar; it probably ultimately derives < the same Iranian base as Avestan zaranya- gold (on account of the colour of these substances, especially orpiment), derivative of zairi- yellow (see yellow adj., and compare gold n.1). Currency of the word for ‘arsenic, orpiment, realgar’ in the Middle Iranian period is confirmed by early borrowings into Semitic languages (compare Syriac zarnīḵ , Aramaic zarnīḵ ), through which it was probably transmitted to Europe. Compare ( < Aramaic) Arabic zarnīḵ orpiment (see zarnich n.). Romance parallels. Compare Old Occitan arsenic, arcenic, Catalan arsènic (15th cent.), Spanish arsénico (15th cent.), Portuguese arsênico (a1608), Italian arsenico (1483), and also Middle Dutch, Dutch arsenicum, Dutch arseen, German Arsenik (15th cent. as arsenicum, now only in sense ‘arsenic oxide’), Arsen (19th cent.). Chemistry. 1. the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > sulphides and related minerals > [noun] > orpiment the world > matter > colour > named colours > yellow or yellowness > colouring matter > [noun] > pigments a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) iv. l. 2483 (MED) The thridde spirit Sulphur is; The ferthe suiende after this Arcennicum be name is hote. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xix. xxx. 1294 Arsenicum hatte auripigmentum for þe colour of gold, and is ygadered in Pontus. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer (Ellesmere) (1875) l. 798 Arsenyk [c1410 Harl. 7334 arsnek, c1415 Lansd. arcenyk, c1415 Corpus Oxf. arsynek, c1425 Petworth arsenyke], sal Armonyak and Brymstoon. c1484 (a1475) J. de Caritate tr. (Takamiya) (1977) 121 (MED) Ther be put in medicynis pycche, wax, arsenyk, [etc.]. 1567 J. Maplet f. 10 The stone Arsenick..which also they call the golden earth. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny II. 521 As for Arsenicke..that which is best of this kind, resembleth burnished gold in colour. 1617 P. Holland tr. A. de Villa Nova in J. de Mediolano 158 Auripigmentum which some Arsenicke call. 1728 E. Chambers at Rubifying Red Arsenic is supposed to be no more than the common yellow Arsenick rubified by Fire. 1865 A. S. Taylor xviii. 221 Whether the confectioner might not have used yellow arsenic by mistake in order to give a colour. 2009 R. L. Smith v. 54 Other amphorae contained glass beads and orpiment, a yellow arsenic that could be used as a pigment or mixed with beeswax to make writing material. the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > sulphides and related minerals > [noun] > realgar ?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 149, in at Red Take rede arsenek. 1565 T. Cooper Sandaracha, a bright redde colour vsed of peinters..: some call it redde Arsenike. 1591 R. Percyvall Dict. at Rejalgar Poison, arsenicke, or ratsebane. 1748 J. Hill I. 405 The Authors who have made the distinctions between red Arsenic..and Sandarach. 1839 A. Ure 54 The improper name of yellow and red arsenic, or orpiment and realgar. 1995 115 80/1 To protect the manuscripts from insects, they were..sometimes dusted with red arsenic powder. 2005 L. Kassell (2007) ii. v. 107 In 1564 he learnt how to make a plaster of red arsenic to place above the heart. the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > [noun] > mineral poison > arsenic the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > arsenic > [noun] > compounds ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 34v (MED) Arsnec sublimed [L. arsenicum sublimatum] and preperate, who kon wele lede it, opteneþ þe principaltee. ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac (N.Y. Acad. Med.) 141 (MED) A sharp medicyne made wiþ calce [?c1425 Paris quyklyme] & sope or arsenic dissolued with som liquour. 1562 W. Ward tr. G. Ruscelli i. f. 55 Take halfe an vnce of copper, thre quarters of an vnce of whyte Arsenick [L. arsenicum album]. 1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne i. vii. 26 White sublimate and arsnic..foster and hide most burning and deadly fire. 1636 W. Davenant iii. sig. F2 An ounce of Arsnick to mixe in thy Aunts Caudels. 1675 3 Another time putting white Arsenick into her broth. 1728 E. Chambers (at cited word) White and Yellow Arsenic are also procurable from cobalt. 1788–9 G. S. Howard I. 224/2 White arsenic, or arsenic strictly so called..is a most violent poison to all animals. 1813 H. Davy ii. 43 Arsenic..may be procured by heating the powder of common white arsenic of the shops strongly in a Florence flask with oil. 1863 H. Watts I. 374 The Tyrolese peasants are said to swallow arsenic in considerable quantities. 1877 H. E. Roscoe & C. Schorlemmer (1881) I. 516 White arsenic or the trioxide is first distinctly spoken of by Geber, who states that he obtained it by roasting the sulphide of arsenic. 1940 G. H. J. Adlam & L. S. Price (ed. 2) xlii. 412 In popular literature, arsenious oxide, As2O3, is generally called arsenic, sometimes white arsenic. 2012 D. Wilson (2013) iii. 94 Murder through using white arsenic became so commonplace that people joked about white powdering their enemies. the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > [noun] the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [noun] > a harmful influence 1583 P. Stubbes sig. Bviii There is not any people vnder the Zodiacke of heauen..that is so poisoned with this Arsnecke of Pride. 1608 T. Dekker sig. D1v With Sperewort or Arsenick will they in one night poyson their leg be it neuer so sound, and raise a blister, which at their pleasure they can take off againe. a1649 W. Drummond (1711) 33/1 Since Hell disgorg'd her baneful Arsenick. 1763 C. Collignon 19 Suppose a real dose of poison given (arsenic for instance). 1852 F. Ould 373 It can never be right to help in spreading spiritual poison... Whether made up in brown paper, or in silver paper, gracefully sealed..the contents are deadly arsenic. 1855 G. H. Lewes in Westm. Rev. July in J. A. Andrew (1867) 39 Mutton-chops taken in excess kill with the certainty of arsenic. 1896 A. E. Housman lxii. 94 They put arsenic in his meat And stared aghast to watch him eat. 1930 D. L. Sayers viii. 100 But arsenic! Philip, who loved beauty so much—do you think he would have chosen arsenic? the suburban poisoner's outfit? That's absolutely impossible. 1998 D. Pool (new ed.) 216 The ratcatcher operated with arsenic, with which he poisoned the rats, or else used a ferret. the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > arsenic > [noun] 1747 R. James iii. iii. 543/2 With a strong Degree of Fire the Arsenic will be raised into the Neck of the Retort in a metallic Form, like Antimony. 1799 W. Babington 155 The dark coloured ore is found generally in the neighbourhood of native arsenic. 1812 H. Davy 453 A metal sublimes, and condenses in the upper part of the vessel, which is arsenic. 1866 H. E. Roscoe xvi. 139 Arsenic closely resembles phosphorus in its chemical properties. 1879 27 Dec. 467 Arsenic is definitely regarded as a non-metal. 1922 T. M. Lowry xxxvi. 706 The dry tests for arsenic include the garlic-like odour which is noticed when the metal is vaporised in air. 1987 N. J. Mason in S. J. Moss & A. Ledwith vii. 139 Semiconductors like gallium arsenide..have..a diamond lattice with every alternate atom either gallium or arsenic. 2006 18 Nov. 27/1 Arsenic is linked to bladder cancer, and is a big problem in Bangladesh and West Bengal. Compounds C1. Chemistry. c1450 (?a1400) (BL Add. 31042) l. 590 To graythe and gete golde..And multiplye metalles..with his ewe ardaunt and arsneke pouders. a1684 J. Evelyn anno 1656 (1955) III. 181 Depriv'd of their Sulphury & Arsenic malignity. 1757 tr. J. F. Henckel xvi. 373 Mathesius mentions a marcasite holding quicksilver and an arsenic ore (cadmia). 1793 4 Sept. 25 In another territory sixteen days distant from, and to the north of Nepaul a great number of arsenic mines are to be found. 1815 32 249 I swallowed fasting five grains of arsenic powder in half a glass-full of a strong mixture of charcoal. 1881 H. E. Roscoe I. 528 An antidote against arsenic poisoning. 1923 17 Nov. 742/2 The most remarkable results were obtained with an arsenic compound. 2009 I. Thomson xxiii. 311 Equipped with bottles of embalming fluid and tins of arsenic paste (for preserving bird skins), Gosse began to catalogue Jamaican ornithology. 1866 H. E. Roscoe xvi. 142 Arsenic unites with chlorine, bromine, and iodine, to form arsenic trichloride, tribromide, and triiodide. 1876 29 344 The oxygen was thoroughly expelled from the arsenic disulphide, by heating in an atmosphere of hydrogen. 1938 R. Hum xxiv. 673 Arsenic Pentoxide..or arsenic oxide, is obtained as a white solid, by heating arsenic acid. 1953 3 372/1 These materials form gaseous hydrides such as arsenic tri-hydride. 2009 95 94 The yellow pigment is identified as arsenic trisulphide. C2. 1805 R. Jameson II. 483 (heading) Arsenic-Bloom. 1917 No. 625. 405 Arsenic bloom, is a common oxidation product of arsenopyrite. 2011 T. S. S. Dikshith iv. 89 Arsenolite (As2O3): a mineral crystallizing in the isometric system, usually occurring as a white bloom or crust. Also known as arsenic bloom. 1837 27 May 326/1 I have little hesitation in avowing my disbelief of the alleged cases of arsenic-eaters and corrosive sublimate-eaters, who could swallow whole drachms at once with impunity. 1881 H. E. Roscoe I. 528 The reasons which the arsenic-eaters give for the practice. 2004 P. Macinnis (2005) ii. 39 Emile had boasted that he was an arsenic eater. 1852 Feb. 190 A correspondent informs us that the alleged habit of arsenic-eating is not a new discovery. 1909 25 Dec. 1803/1 The practice of arsenic eating..is here described, and a case is quoted of the director of an arsenic factory, who had acquired the habit and took as much as 20 grains of coarse powdered arsenic daily. 2012 J. Parascandola ii. 56 They had discussed..the custom of arsenic eating among Styrian peasants to produce an appearance of plumpness and good health. the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > arsenic > [noun] > compounds 1738 G. Smith tr. iv. 117 Add..8 or 10 Ounces of Arsenic Glass. 1877 H. E. Roscoe & C. Schorlemmer (1878) I. 525 A part of the arsenic trioxide comes into the market in the form of a white crystalline powder, the rest in the form of arsenic-glass. 2001 M. Eagleson & W. Brewer tr. N. Wiberg xiv. 749 The temperature at which it is recondensed determines whether the product is a loose white powder or a colorless, glassy solid (arsenic glass). 1884 No. 25. 106 Pedilanthus tithymaloides, Poit. Arsenic plant. Slipper plant. Common in gardens, notwithstanding its reputed poisonous properties. 1899 4 463 (note) Hibbertia..Bennettii, Bail... Hab.: Irvinebank, F. Bennett, who states that the plant is known locally as the 'Arsenic Plant', and that it is exceptionally poisonous to stock. 1990 W. R. Elliot & D. L. Jones V. 327/1 Hibbertia bennettii Bailey (after F. Bennett) Qld Arsenic Plant 0.1-0.5m x 0.2-0.5m July-Dec Dwarf shrub, compact or spreading. 2012 C. J. Williams III. iii. 107/2 (caption) Flowering Bloodroot herb, also known as Arsenic Plant (Haemodorum coccineum, formerly H. corymbosum). 1866 H. E. Roscoe xvi. 139 The arsenic combines with the atmospheric oxygen, forming arsenic trioxide or arsenious oxide, As2O3. 1981 T. C. Boyle (1983) ii. 229 The Mrs. had seasoned her spouse's porridge with arsenic trioxide and then smothered the children as they lay sleeping on their shuck mattresses. 2012 19 June She had four weeks rest before beginning a 12-week program that involved taking a low dose of arsenic trioxide. Phrases 1758 A. Reid tr. P. J. Macquer II. 76 The heaviest and most fixed Flowers of Arsenic [Fr. Les Fleurs arsenicales], procured from Cobalt, have likewise the property of giving a blue colour to glass. 1848 R. D. Thomson iv. 98 This compound of oxygen and arsenic is termed arsenious acid (AsO3) or flowers of arsenic. 2010 R. J. Raskin xxiii. 149 ‘Flowers of arsenic’, said Ray. ‘Such a lovely name for murder.’ This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online June 2022). arsenicadj. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: arsenic n. Etymology: < arsenic n., with reinterpretation of the final syllable as -ic suffix (after e.g. nitric adj. and phosphoric adj.). Similar reinterpretation is probably shown by post-classical Latin arsenicus (13th cent.), Middle French arsenicque (French arsénique ) poisonous, harmful (a1506), containing or relating to arsenic (mid 16th cent.; subsequently 1787 in acide arsénique ). Compare earlier arsenical adj. Chemistry. 1788 W. Nicholson tr. A.-F. de Fourcroy I. p. xxxvi Phosphorus takes the oxyginous principle from the arsenic acid [Fr. l'acide arsenical]. 1801 R. Chenevix in (Royal Soc.) 91 219 It was found to contain arsenic acid. 1876 J. Harley (ed. 6) 295 Arsenic Anhydride is the highest state of oxydation of the metal. 1881 H. E. Roscoe & C. Schorlemmer I. 530 The salts of arsenic acid, or the arsenates, are isomorphous with the phosphates. 1901 A. B. Prescott & O. C. Johnson ii. 57 Ortho-arsenic acid is formed by adding water to arsenic anhydride. 2012 G. E. Rodgers (ed. 3) xvi. 466 Arsenious acid, H3AsO3, and arsenic acid, H3AsO4,..are known. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online December 2021). arsenicv.Inflections: Present participle arsenicking; past tense and past participle arsenicked; Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: arsenic n. Etymology: < arsenic n. Compare slightly earlier arsenicked adj., and also earlier arsenicate v. the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > injure by means of poison [verb (transitive)] > render poisonous > with specific poison 1841 J. Bachman Let. 5 Aug. in (2011) 332 The animals must be skinned over the skull..& well arsenicked. 1844 M. F. Tupper iv. 34 How is it no housekeeper has arseniced my soup? 1874 Oct. 402/1 He [sc. the heron] is evidently longing to be drawn, arsenicked and stuffed. 1929 A. Upfield vi. 39 Reading a blood about a bloke wot arsenicked his three wives. 1974 D. Scannell iv. 39 My father said I could have been arsenicked, poisoned. 2001 J. L. Fisher (Ph.D. diss, Univ. of Calif.) 159 Decked, perfumed, arsenicked for skin tone. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < |
