hypotheticaladj.n.

Brit.

/hʌɪpəˈθɛtᵻk(ə)l/,

/hɪpəˈθɛtᵻk(ə)l/, U.S.

/ˌhaɪpəˈθɛdəkəl/,

/ˈhaɪpəˌθɛdəkəl/

Etymology: formed as hypothetic adj. + -al suffix¹.

A. adj.

a. Involving or of the nature of hypothesis; conjectural.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > speculation > hypothesis > [adjective]

hypothetical1617

postulary1637

postulatory1646

conditionary1665

1617 F. Bacon Speech on taking Place in Chancery in Resuscitatio (1661) 82 I must utterly discontinue the Making of an Hypotheticall, or Conditionall Order.

1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. iii. 263 Thy other Arguments are all Supposures, Hypothetical.

1759 S. Johnson Prince of Abissinia II. xlvii. 157 He that can set hypothetical possibility against acknowledged certainty, is not to be admitted among reasonable beings.

1893 R. S. Ball In High Heavens ix. 196 The..line which divides the truths that have been established in astronomy from those parts of the science which..[are] more or less hypothetical.

b. Logic. Of a proposition: Involving a hypothesis or condition, conditional: opposed to categorical adj. and n. Of a syllogism: Having a hypothetical proposition for one of its premisses.By some logicians used to include all complex propositions and syllogisms, conjunctive and disjunctive; by others restricted to the conjunctive.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [adjective] > conditional or hypothetical

conditional1532

connexive1587

hypothetical1588

connex1589

connexed1628

substitutive1656

future contingent1659

hypothetica1680

theoretic1789

conjunctivea1856

counterfactual1946

contrafactual1950

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical syllogism > [adjective] > of types of syllogism

modal1569

hypothetical1588

prosyllogistical1588

contract1605

prosyllogistic1652

monstrative1653

enthymematic1654

epicheirematic1656

hypothetica1680

pure1697

indirect1728

dialectal1767

tollent1770

conjunctivea1856

hypothetico-disjunctivea1856

schematica1856

unfigureda1856

subsumptive1884

episyllogistic1886

1551 T. Wilson Rule of Reason sig. Fv Propositio Hypothetica.]

1588 A. Fraunce Lawiers Logike ii. v. f. 93 The woord, hypotheticall,..is neither proper nor fit..for, in absolute copulative and discretive axiomes there is no ὑπόθεσις, no condition at all.

1624 N. De Lawne tr. P. Du Moulin Elements Logick 155 Of compounded Enuntiations, some are Conditionall or Hypotheticall, and some Disjunctive.

1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. v. 62 Of Propositions, some are Categoricall, some Hypotheticall.

1837 W. Whewell Hist. Inductive Sci. I. iv. ii. §3. 271 Theophrastus stated..the rules of hypothetical syllogisms.

1860 W. Thomson Outl. Laws of Thought (ed. 5) §73. 120 The Hypothetical Judgment expresses seemingly a relation between two judgments, as cause and effect, as condition and conditioned.

c. Of a person: Dealing in hypotheses or groundless suppositions; fanciful. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > faint, imperfect idea > [adjective]

hypothetical1748

impressionistic1909

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson (ed. 2) iii. vi. 464 The extravagant panegyrics, which many hypothetical writers have bestowed on the ingenuity and capacity of this Nation [sc. the Chinese].

2. Depending on hypothesis; concerning which a hypothesis is made; supposed, assumed.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > speculation > hypothesis > [adjective] > based on hypothesis

hypothetical1665

putationary1669

hypothetica1680

subjunctive1834

1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 236 The hypothetical height and density of the Air.

1822 Duke of Wellington Despatches (1867) I. 293 It would be..impossible..to declare..what would be our conduct upon any hypothetical case.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. xxix. 401 Any other obstacle will produce the same effect as our hypothetical post.

1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. iv. 63 A hypothetical colony from a hypothetical settlement on the Littus Saxonicum of Gaul.

†3. hypothetical necessity n. that kind of necessity which exists, not absolutely, but only on the supposition that something is or is to be: representing. Aristotle's ἀναγκαῖον ἐξ ὑποθέσεως, opposed to ἀναγκαῖον ἁπλῶς. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > necessity > [noun] > natural necessity > hypothetical necessity

hypothetical necessity1615

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 320 Hypotheticall or materiall necessitie.

1656 T. Hobbes Questions Liberty, Necessity & Chance 199 It is granted by all Divines, that an hypothetical necessity, or necessity upon supposition, may stand with liberty.

1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iii. 138 The Necessity of a Plastick Life, which..Aristotle calls an Hypothetical Necessity.

1685 R. Baxter Paraphr. New Test. Acts i. 16 This must needs signifie no necessity or constraint put on Judas, but a necessity Hypothetical, and of consequence, that is, it cannot but be true which God foretelleth or foreseeth.

1717 S. Clarke tr. G. W. Leibniz in Papers between Leibnitz & Clarke 157 Hypothetical Necessity is that, which the Supposition or Hypothesis of God's Foresight and Pre-ordination lays upon future Contingents.

B. n.

A hypothetical proposition or syllogism: see A. 1b.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [noun] > conditional or hypothetical proposition

conditional judgement or proposition1532

connex1628

hypothetical1654

hypothesis1656

future contingent1659

hypothetic1698

conditional1828

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical syllogism > [noun] > hypothetical or conditional syllogism

hypothetical1654

hypothetic1698

conditional syllogism1864

1654 Z. Coke Art of Logick 131 Let a compound or Hypothetical, never be put in the place of a conclusion, but only a simple or Categorical.

a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1860) IV. App. 378 Hypotheticals (Conjunctive and Disjunctive Syllogism).

1881 Athenæum 27 Aug. 269/2 As he used the logic of chance to elucidate the difficult subject of modals, so here he employs symbolic logic to cast light on hypotheticals.

1888 Hatch Hibbert Lect. (1891) 131 (transl. Greek author) If one advances any express statement of the divine Scripture, they try to find out whether it can form a conjunctive or a disjunctive hypothetical.

Draft additions 1993

a. Grammar. Of or pertaining to the expression of a hypothetical statement, esp. in hypothetical clause, hypothetical subjunctive; loosely, = conditional adj. 6.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > mood > [adjective] > other spec.

conditional1530

subcontinuative1530

precatory1610

consuetudinal1728

conjunctive1736

precative1751

requisitive1751

adhortative1815

potential1837

jussive1846

obligative1877

hypothetical1892

permissive1892

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > syntactic unit or constituent > [noun] > clause > conditional clause

condition1864

rejected condition1891

hypothetical clause1892

if-clause1893

then-clause1927

hypothetical1957

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > mood > [noun] > subjunctive > types of

potential mooda1504

hypothetical subjunctive1961

1892 H. Sweet New Eng. Gram. i. 108 We use tenses to express thought-statements in the hypothetical clauses of conditional sentences, as in if I knew his address, I would write to him.

1902 Low & Briggs Matric. Eng. Course i. xiii. 99 The subjunctive in the protasis is called conditional, that in the apodosis is called hypothetical.

1937 H. R. Stokoe Understanding of Syntax xiv. 132 Notice too that ‘Hypothetical’ is a better term (to mean expressing a ‘hypothesis’, ‘supposition’ or ‘ condition’) than ‘Conditional’, because this latter term is applied to the whole Sentence of which the ‘Hypothetical’ Clause is a part.

1946 A. M. Clark Spoken Eng. viii. 187 The protasis is a subordinate hypothetical clause (or clauses) introduced by if.., whether..or not.., unless.., though or although.., lest [etc.].

1961 R. B. Long Sentence & its Parts vi. 132 The verb forms used as hypothetical subjunctives are forms belonging to the four past tenses.

1985 R. Quirk et al. Comprehensive Gram. Eng. Lang. iv. 232 The past tense modals can be used in the hypothetical (or unreal) sense of the past tense..in both main and subordinate clauses.

b. Grammar. A hypothetical clause; a word or phrase which expresses conjecture: see Additions a. Chiefly in plural.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > verb > [noun] > other specific types of verb

vocative verbc1414

activec1450

passivec1450

substantive verba1475

neuter1530

gesture1612

nominal1666

quiescent1720

reduplicative1756

dative verb1844

factitive1845

preterite-present1859

compound verb1863

pro-verb1868

preterito-presentia1870

preteritive present1872

action verb1877

verbid1914

inversive1931

eventive1946

hypothetical1957

non-factive1970

commonization1973

contrafactive1985

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > syntactic unit or constituent > [noun] > clause > conditional clause

condition1864

rejected condition1891

hypothetical clause1892

if-clause1893

then-clause1927

hypothetical1957

1957 D. L. Bolinger in Publ. Amer. Dial. Soc. xxviii. 94 The verbs that freely absorb or do not absorb the negative are the high-frequency hypotheticals..suppose, imagine [etc.].

1972 W. Labov Lang. in Inner City iv. 138 Traditionally, relative clauses on any have also been understood as reduced hypotheticals.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	hypothetical
释义	hypotheticaladj.n. Brit. /hʌɪpəˈθɛtᵻk(ə)l/, /hɪpəˈθɛtᵻk(ə)l/, U.S. /ˌhaɪpəˈθɛdəkəl/, /ˈhaɪpəˌθɛdəkəl/ Etymology: formed as hypothetic adj. + -al suffix¹. A. adj. 1. a. Involving or of the nature of hypothesis; conjectural. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > speculation > hypothesis > [adjective] hypothetical1617 postulary1637 postulatory1646 conditionary1665 1617 F. Bacon Speech on taking Place in Chancery in Resuscitatio (1661) 82 I must utterly discontinue the Making of an Hypotheticall, or Conditionall Order. 1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. iii. 263 Thy other Arguments are all Supposures, Hypothetical. 1759 S. Johnson Prince of Abissinia II. xlvii. 157 He that can set hypothetical possibility against acknowledged certainty, is not to be admitted among reasonable beings. 1893 R. S. Ball In High Heavens ix. 196 The..line which divides the truths that have been established in astronomy from those parts of the science which..[are] more or less hypothetical. b. Logic. Of a proposition: Involving a hypothesis or condition, conditional: opposed to categorical adj. and n. Of a syllogism: Having a hypothetical proposition for one of its premisses.By some logicians used to include all complex propositions and syllogisms, conjunctive and disjunctive; by others restricted to the conjunctive. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [adjective] > conditional or hypothetical conditional1532 connexive1587 hypothetical1588 connex1589 connexed1628 substitutive1656 future contingent1659 hypothetica1680 theoretic1789 conjunctivea1856 counterfactual1946 contrafactual1950 the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical syllogism > [adjective] > of types of syllogism modal1569 hypothetical1588 prosyllogistical1588 contract1605 prosyllogistic1652 monstrative1653 enthymematic1654 epicheirematic1656 hypothetica1680 pure1697 indirect1728 dialectal1767 tollent1770 conjunctivea1856 hypothetico-disjunctivea1856 schematica1856 unfigureda1856 subsumptive1884 episyllogistic1886 1551 T. Wilson Rule of Reason sig. Fv Propositio Hypothetica.] 1588 A. Fraunce Lawiers Logike ii. v. f. 93 The woord, hypotheticall,..is neither proper nor fit..for, in absolute copulative and discretive axiomes there is no ὑπόθεσις, no condition at all. 1624 N. De Lawne tr. P. Du Moulin Elements Logick 155 Of compounded Enuntiations, some are Conditionall or Hypotheticall, and some Disjunctive. 1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. v. 62 Of Propositions, some are Categoricall, some Hypotheticall. 1837 W. Whewell Hist. Inductive Sci. I. iv. ii. §3. 271 Theophrastus stated..the rules of hypothetical syllogisms. 1860 W. Thomson Outl. Laws of Thought (ed. 5) §73. 120 The Hypothetical Judgment expresses seemingly a relation between two judgments, as cause and effect, as condition and conditioned. c. Of a person: Dealing in hypotheses or groundless suppositions; fanciful. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > faint, imperfect idea > [adjective] hypothetical1748 impressionistic1909 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson (ed. 2) iii. vi. 464 The extravagant panegyrics, which many hypothetical writers have bestowed on the ingenuity and capacity of this Nation [sc. the Chinese]. 2. Depending on hypothesis; concerning which a hypothesis is made; supposed, assumed. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > speculation > hypothesis > [adjective] > based on hypothesis hypothetical1665 putationary1669 hypothetica1680 subjunctive1834 1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 236 The hypothetical height and density of the Air. 1822 Duke of Wellington Despatches (1867) I. 293 It would be..impossible..to declare..what would be our conduct upon any hypothetical case. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. xxix. 401 Any other obstacle will produce the same effect as our hypothetical post. 1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. iv. 63 A hypothetical colony from a hypothetical settlement on the Littus Saxonicum of Gaul. †3. hypothetical necessity n. that kind of necessity which exists, not absolutely, but only on the supposition that something is or is to be: representing. Aristotle's ἀναγκαῖον ἐξ ὑποθέσεως, opposed to ἀναγκαῖον ἁπλῶς. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > necessity > [noun] > natural necessity > hypothetical necessity hypothetical necessity1615 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 320 Hypotheticall or materiall necessitie. 1656 T. Hobbes Questions Liberty, Necessity & Chance 199 It is granted by all Divines, that an hypothetical necessity, or necessity upon supposition, may stand with liberty. 1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iii. 138 The Necessity of a Plastick Life, which..Aristotle calls an Hypothetical Necessity. 1685 R. Baxter Paraphr. New Test. Acts i. 16 This must needs signifie no necessity or constraint put on Judas, but a necessity Hypothetical, and of consequence, that is, it cannot but be true which God foretelleth or foreseeth. 1717 S. Clarke tr. G. W. Leibniz in Papers between Leibnitz & Clarke 157 Hypothetical Necessity is that, which the Supposition or Hypothesis of God's Foresight and Pre-ordination lays upon future Contingents. B. n. A hypothetical proposition or syllogism: see A. 1b. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [noun] > conditional or hypothetical proposition conditional judgement or proposition1532 connex1628 hypothetical1654 hypothesis1656 future contingent1659 hypothetic1698 conditional1828 the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical syllogism > [noun] > hypothetical or conditional syllogism hypothetical1654 hypothetic1698 conditional syllogism1864 1654 Z. Coke Art of Logick 131 Let a compound or Hypothetical, never be put in the place of a conclusion, but only a simple or Categorical. a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1860) IV. App. 378 Hypotheticals (Conjunctive and Disjunctive Syllogism). 1881 Athenæum 27 Aug. 269/2 As he used the logic of chance to elucidate the difficult subject of modals, so here he employs symbolic logic to cast light on hypotheticals. 1888 Hatch Hibbert Lect. (1891) 131 (transl. Greek author) If one advances any express statement of the divine Scripture, they try to find out whether it can form a conjunctive or a disjunctive hypothetical. Draft additions 1993 a. Grammar. Of or pertaining to the expression of a hypothetical statement, esp. in hypothetical clause, hypothetical subjunctive; loosely, = conditional adj. 6. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > mood > [adjective] > other spec. conditional1530 subcontinuative1530 precatory1610 consuetudinal1728 conjunctive1736 precative1751 requisitive1751 adhortative1815 potential1837 jussive1846 obligative1877 hypothetical1892 permissive1892 the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > syntactic unit or constituent > [noun] > clause > conditional clause condition1864 rejected condition1891 hypothetical clause1892 if-clause1893 then-clause1927 hypothetical1957 the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > mood > [noun] > subjunctive > types of potential mooda1504 hypothetical subjunctive1961 1892 H. Sweet New Eng. Gram. i. 108 We use tenses to express thought-statements in the hypothetical clauses of conditional sentences, as in if I knew his address, I would write to him. 1902 Low & Briggs Matric. Eng. Course i. xiii. 99 The subjunctive in the protasis is called conditional, that in the apodosis is called hypothetical. 1937 H. R. Stokoe Understanding of Syntax xiv. 132 Notice too that ‘Hypothetical’ is a better term (to mean expressing a ‘hypothesis’, ‘supposition’ or ‘ condition’) than ‘Conditional’, because this latter term is applied to the whole Sentence of which the ‘Hypothetical’ Clause is a part. 1946 A. M. Clark Spoken Eng. viii. 187 The protasis is a subordinate hypothetical clause (or clauses) introduced by if.., whether..or not.., unless.., though or although.., lest [etc.]. 1961 R. B. Long Sentence & its Parts vi. 132 The verb forms used as hypothetical subjunctives are forms belonging to the four past tenses. 1985 R. Quirk et al. Comprehensive Gram. Eng. Lang. iv. 232 The past tense modals can be used in the hypothetical (or unreal) sense of the past tense..in both main and subordinate clauses. b. Grammar. A hypothetical clause; a word or phrase which expresses conjecture: see Additions a. Chiefly in plural. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > verb > [noun] > other specific types of verb vocative verbc1414 activec1450 passivec1450 substantive verba1475 neuter1530 gesture1612 nominal1666 quiescent1720 reduplicative1756 dative verb1844 factitive1845 preterite-present1859 compound verb1863 pro-verb1868 preterito-presentia1870 preteritive present1872 action verb1877 verbid1914 inversive1931 eventive1946 hypothetical1957 non-factive1970 commonization1973 contrafactive1985 the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > syntactic unit or constituent > [noun] > clause > conditional clause condition1864 rejected condition1891 hypothetical clause1892 if-clause1893 then-clause1927 hypothetical1957 1957 D. L. Bolinger in Publ. Amer. Dial. Soc. xxviii. 94 The verbs that freely absorb or do not absorb the negative are the high-frequency hypotheticals..suppose, imagine [etc.]. 1972 W. Labov Lang. in Inner City iv. 138 Traditionally, relative clauses on any have also been understood as reduced hypotheticals. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1588
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