bitumenn.
/bɪˈtjuːmɪn//ˈbɪtjʊmɪn/ 1. Originally, a kind of mineral pitch found in Palestine and Babylon, used as mortar, etc. The same as asphalt, mineral pitch, Jew's pitch, Bitumen judaicum.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > hydrocarbon minerals > [noun] > bitumen > asphalt
asphalt1366
glue1382
botemayc1400
pitcha1425
bitumena1464
slime1530
Jews' lime1543
Jews' pitch1562
Jews'-slime1640
tar1747
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > mineral material > mineral and fossil resins > [noun] > bitumen or pitch > asphalt
asphalt1366
pitcha1425
bitumena1464
Jews' lime1543
Jews' pitch1562
Jews'-slime1640
a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 26 A uessel of wykyris—filled þe joyntis with tow erde, cleped bithumen.
1480 W. Caxton tr. Ovid Metamorphoses xv. iv The..bethyn & sulphur brennyng.
1577 J. Frampton tr. N. Monardes Three Bookes i. f. 6 Betumen which is a kind of Pitch.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 101 Asphaltites, or the lake of Sodom..bringeth forth nothing but Bitumen.
1609 Bible (Douay) I. Gen. vi. 14 Thou..shalt pitch it [the arke] within, and without with bitume.
1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 519 Coles,..being of the nature of hardned Bitamen.
1656 T. Blount Glossographia Bitume, a kind of clay or slime naturally clammy, like pitch, growing in some Countries of Asia.
1817 Ld. Byron Manfred i. i. 90 The lakes of bitumen Rise boilingly higher.
1852 G. Grote Hist. Greece IX. ii. lxx. 85 [The Wall of Media] was of bricks cemented with bitumen.
2.
a. In modern scientific use, the generic name of certain mineral inflammable substances, native hydrocarbons more or less oxygenated, liquid, semi-solid, and solid, including naphtha, petroleum, asphalt, etc. elastic bitumen n. mineral caoutchouc or Elaterite.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > hydrocarbon minerals > [noun] > bitumen
bitumen1605
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > mineral material > mineral and fossil resins > [noun] > bitumen or pitch
glue1382
botemayc1400
pitcha1425
slime1530
bitumen1605
tar1747
1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke i. xiii. 52 There are also manie kindes of..bitumen.
1635 J. Swan Speculum Mundi vi. 303 Naphtha, is a liquid Bitume.
1700 Moxon's Mech. Exercises: Bricklayers-wks. 6 Morter used..at Rome..called Maltha, from a kind of Bitumen Dug there.
1835 Penny Cycl. IV. 473/2 Elastic bitumen is soft and elastic like caoutchouc.
1856 D. Page Adv. Text-bk. Geol. xviii. 265 The bitumens—naphtha, petroleum, and asphalte—have been long known and used in the arts.
b. the bitumen: a tarred road; spec. the road from Darwin to Alice Springs. Australian colloquial.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road > [noun] > tarred
macadamization1869
blacktop1917
hardtop1946
the bitumen1953
1953 S. J. Baker Austral. Speaks v. 137 One for the bitumen, a final round of drinks, i.e. ‘one for the road’.
1954 B. Miles Stars my Blanket xxv. 219 We had not seen another vehicle since we turned off the bitumen at Elliott.
1958 A. Toynbee East to West xiv. 44 ‘The bitumen’, running dead straight for hundreds of miles without a swerve, is an impressive symbol of the modern world.
1963 V. B. Cranley 27,000 Miles through Austral. ii. 19 The minute you left the ‘bitumen’, as tarred roads are called here, you were back in the bush.
3. A pigment prepared from asphalt.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > colouring > colouring matter > [noun] > types of
lac1558
purpurin1558
colourish1598
earth1598
watercolour1598
earth colour1658
encaustic1662
lake1684
virgin tint1706
mosaic gold1746
bronze1753
gold bronze1769
cake colour1784
musive gold1796
sap-colour1816
repaint1827
moist colour1842
bronze powder1846
wax-colour1854
wax pigment1854
bitumen1855
chrome garnet1876
zinc-dust1877
zinc-powder1881
terra nera1882
earth pigment1900
1855 J. Edwards Paint. Oil Colours 26 Bitumen..is Asphaltum ground in strong drying oil..for the painter's use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > birch and allies > [noun] > bark, sap, or seed-pod
bitumen1551
bobbinc1562
birch bark1643
1551 W. Turner Herball (1568) F v b The frenche men seth out of it a certain iuce or suc otherwise called bitumen.
Compounds
C1. attributive.
ΚΠ
1816 P. B. Shelley Alastor 7 Bitumen lakes.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. III. iii. i. 166 Here lay the bitumen-stratum, there the brimstone one.
C2.
bitumen process n. a photographic process using a metal plate coated with bitumen which is rendered insoluble by the action of light.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > photographic processes > [noun]
daguerreotype1839
calotype1841
chrysotype1842
chromotype1843
ferrotype1843
tithonotype1843
amphitype1844
energiatype1844
fluorotype1844
Talbotype1844
daguerreotypy1853
ambrotype1854
bitumen process1858
carbon process1858
reversal1859
pyro-photography1869
vitrotype1875
platinotype1877
transferrotype1889
diazotype1890
kallitype1890
Joly process1894
reversal process1908
bromoil1909
bleach-out process1914
carbro1919
Finlay process1931
reversal processing1931
diazo1948
xography1965
push processing1966
1858 T. Sutton Dict. Photogr. 329 Mr. Macpherson is not the inventor of the bitumen process; M. Nicéphore Niépce first used bitumen in photography.
1960 A. L. M. Sowerby Dict. Photogr. (ed. 19) 40 Half-tone or Process Blocks by the Bitumen Process. A copper or zinc plate is coated with bitumen, and it is exposed... After development, or the removal of the superfluous bitumen, the plate is etched.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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