hugger-muggern.adj.adv.

/ˈhʌɡəˈmʌɡə/

Forms: 1500s hukermoker, hoker moker, hocker-mocker, (also 1800s dialect) huckermucker, hugger mucker, 1500s–1600s hucker mucker, 1500s– hugger mugger, hugger-mugger, huggermugger.

Etymology: This is the commonest of a group of reduplicated words of parallel forms and nearly synonymous meaning, including hudder-mudder , Scots hudge-mudge , and obsolete hody-moke . Nothing definite appears as to their derivation or origin, and it is not unlikely that they came from different sources, and influenced each other. An early form, more usual in 16th cent., was hucker-mucker (hoker-moker ), the second element of which may have been the Middle English verb mukre , mokere-n to hoard up, conceal, whence mukrere , mokerere hoarder, miser (compare sense A. 1b). Whether hucker had an independent existence (compare the preceding words), or was merely a rhyming variation, cannot at present be determined. The change to hugger-mugger was phonetically easy and natural, but may have been helped by the influence of hudder-mudder, which was apparently of different origin.

A. n.

a. Concealment, secrecy; esp. in in hugger-mugger: in secret, secretly, clandestinely. Formerly in ordinary literary use, now archaic or informal.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > [noun]

dighelnessc1000

dernship?c1225

derna1250

concealmenta1325

hidnessc1330

hiddennessc1380

privy1384

secrenessc1386

secre1390

stillnessa1400

secretnessa1475

hodelnessec1475

scuggery?a1500

hugger-mugger1529

closeness1562

secrecy1563

privatenessa1586

covertness1592

hugger-mug1654

privacy1702

conspiracy of silence1865

hush-hush1973

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > [adverb]

stillyc1000

dernlyc1175

dernea1200

privement?c1225

hidlingsa1250

in hidela1300

in scubardisa1300

stilla1300

hidel-likea1325

privyc1330

ywryȝeliche1340

in secre wysec1374

hidinglya1382

hidlya1382

in privy1384

closea1387

secrelyc1386

stalworthlya1400

covertlyc1400

secrec1405

in hidlings1422

secretly1447

secretementc1470

in secret1474

hugger-muggera1529

in hugger-mugger1529

secret1539

underboard1548

closely1552

darkly1559

in secret wise1563

hiddenly1580

tectly1587

underwater1600

concealedly1622

underground1632

occultly1641

in petto1647

under the rosea1704

subterraneously1791

suppressedly1825

underfoot1860

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > stealthy action, stealth > [adverb]

softlyc1225

by stalea1240

privilya1250

slylyc1275

thieflyc1290

stealingly13..

by stealth1390

stalworthlya1400

theftfullyc1400

theftlyc1400

theftuouslyc1400

under veilc1425

thievishly?c1450

by theft1488

quietly1488

furtively1490

by surreption1526

hugger-muggera1529

in hugger-mugger1529

underhand1538

insidiously1545

creepingly1548

surreptiously1573

underboard1582

filchingly1583

sneakingly1598

underwater1600

slipperily1603

thief-likea1625

clandestinely1632

surreptitiously1643

thievously1658

clancularly1699

stownlins1786

stealthily1806

underhandedly1806

stolen-wise1813

on (upon, under, or by) the sly1818

round-the-corner1820

underhanded1823

stealthfully1828

slinkingly1830

slippingly1830

on the sneak?1863

sneakishly1867

behind backs1874

stalkingly1891

on the side1893

under the counter1926

underground1935

under the table1938

down and dirty1959

sneakily1966

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > [noun]

coverture1393

laina1400

coveringc1400

palliation?c1425

lainingc1440

lonea1450

hudder-mudder1461

hugger-mugger1529

concealment1565

celation1567

hugger1576

burial1596

smothering1602

suppression1651

disguisal1652

hugger-mug1654

latitancy1701

cover-up1927

wraps1939

1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes ii. 52 b/2 He wolde haue hys faythe dyuulged and spredde abrode openly, not alwaye whyspered in hukermoker.

1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iv. 121 b/1 Suche thyngys..these heretyques teche in hucker mucker.

1539 R. Taverner Garden of Wysdom sig. C.viii^v It shalbe done moche better in open court, and in the face of all the worlde, thanne in hugger mugger.

c1560 T. Becon Relikes of Rome sig. F.viii^v The woordes of the Lordes supper..wer not spoken in hocker mocker..but playnly, openly and distinctlye.

c1590 in Acc. & Pap. relating to Mary Q. of Scots (Camden) 114 Secreatlie demeasned, or handled in hugger mucker, or rufflid up in hast.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 563 Say that this is done in secret and hucker mucker.

1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iv. v. 82 We haue done but greenly In hugger mugger to inter him.

1633 J. Ford 'Tis Pitty shee's Whore iii. sig. E3 ^v There's no way but to clap vp a marriage in hugger mugger.

1678 S. Butler Hudibras: Third Pt. iii. iii. 200 In hugger-mugger hid.

1744 R. North & M. North Life Sir D. North & Rev. J. North 251 The good old Lady..took him into hugger mugger in her Closet, where she usually had some good Pye, or plumb Cake.

1836 T. P. Thompson Exercises (1842) IV. 91 The resolution that the voting in Committee shall take place in ‘hugger~mugger’.

1874 J. L. Motley Life John of Barneveld I. iv. 226 The trial was all mystery, hugger-mugger, horror.

b. One who keeps things hidden or in secret; a hoarder or miser. (Perhaps an error.)

ΘΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > [noun] > one who or that which conceals

hiderc1374

coverer1393

heelera1586

secreter1755

hugger-mugger1862

the mind > possession > retaining > niggardliness or meanness > [noun] > niggard or mean person > miser or hoarder of wealth

chinch?a1300

wretch1303

chincher1333

muckererc1390

mokerarda1400

muglard1440

gatherer?a1513

hoarder?a1513

warner1513

hardhead1519

snudge1545

cob1548

snidge1548

muckmonger1566

mucker1567

miser?1577

scrape-penny1584

money-miser1586

gromwell-gainer1588

muckscrape1589

muckworm1598

scrib1600

muckraker1601

morkin-gnoff1602

scrape-scall1602

incubo1607

accumulator1611

gripe-money1611

scrape-good1611

silver-hider1611

gripe1621

scrapeling1629

clutch1630

scrape-pelfa1640

volpone1672

spare-penny1707

save-all1729

bagger1740

spare-thrift1803

money-codger1818

hunger-rot1828

muckrake1850

muckthrift1852

gripe-penny1860

hugger-mugger1862

Scrooge1940

1862 A. Trollope N. Amer. I. 289 Nor is the New Yorker a hugger-mugger with his money. He does not hide up his dollars in old stockings, and keep rolls of gold in hidden pots.

2. Disorder, confusion; a medley, muddle.

ΘΠ

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > [noun]

brabbling1530

confusion1530

ruffle1533

pell-mellc1586

confusedness1587

huddle1606

Babel confusion1653

promiscuity1663

hugger-mugger1674

promiscuousness1676

clutter1692

jumblement1706

muddle1808

embranglement1826

mare's nest1837

muddlement1857

muddledom1891

muddliness1891

mêlée1895

mix-up1898

huddledom1923

buggeration1962

mixed-upness1967

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > absence of arrangement > [noun] > a disorderly collection

rabblea1398

hotchpotc1405

hotchpotchc1410

mishmashc1475

gaggle?1478

chaos?1550

humble-jumble1550

huddle1587

wilderness1594

lurry1607

hatterc1626

farragoa1637

bumble1648

higgledy-piggledy1659

jumble1661

clutter1666

hugger-mugger1674

litter1730

imbroglio1753

confusion1791

cludder1801

hurrah's nest1829

hotter1834

welter1857

muddle1863

splatter1895

shamble1926

1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 74 An hugger-mugger of meddlesom beings all at jars.

a1871 T. Carlyle Reminisc. (1881) II. 174 Huggermugger was the type of his [sc. L. Hunt's] economics.

1871 S. Smiles Character ii. 54 Muddle flies before it, and hugger-mugger becomes a thing unknown.

1887 T. Darlington Folk-speech S. Cheshire My pleeces bin aw i sich a huckermucker I'm..asheemed o' annybody gooin' in 'em.

B. adj.

1. Secret; clandestine.

ΘΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > [adjective]

dernc897

dighela1000

hid?c1225

stillc1275

stillyc1275

covertc1303

secrec1374

secret1399

secretivec1470

covered1484

dark1532

underhid1532

hiddena1547

concealed1558

abstruse1576

unshewing1598

mystical1600

of secreta1616

mystica1625

subterraneous1652

researched1653

hugger-mugger1692

hidlingsa1810

sub rosa1824

cachet1837

cloak and dagger1841

theftuous1881

q.t.1910

closet1966

down-low1991

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > stealthy action, stealth > [adjective]

privyc1230

thiefly1395

stalkinga1400

slyc1440

insidious1545

clanculary1563

hedge-creeping1579

thievish1587

sneaking1590

tiptoe1593

peaking1595

underworking1605

stealthya1616

subtlea1616

surreptitious?1615

clancular1621

stealthful?1624

insidiary1625

worming1631

subterranean1643

clancularious1656

hugger-mugger1692

slink1792

slinking1841

instealing1844

thief-like1847

furtive1859

1692 tr. Sallust Wks. 330 What hugger mugger Funerals of Citizens, what sudden Massacres committed in the very Arms of Parents and Children.

1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison VI. xliv. 280 No hugger mugger doings—Let private weddings be for doubtful happiness.

1796 M. Robinson Angelina II. 127 No hugger-mugger doings for me!

2. Rough and disorderly, confused, makeshift.

ΘΠ

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > [adjective]

confusec1384

yblent1426

intermellé1487

farraginary1538

puddled1559

confused1576

promiscuous1579

pell-mell1584

ravelleda1586

mingle-mangle1589

rumblingc1598

skimble-skamble1598

huddle1601

plundered1601

promiscual1602

jumbled1611

promiscous1656

bedevilled1755

helter-skelter1785

muddly1829

hugger-mugger1840

wildered1853

pied1870

deurmekaar1871

mixed-up1888

screwed-up1942

snafu1942

scrambled1951

untogether1969

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > imperfection > [adjective] > in specific way: defective or faulty > crude or undeveloped > rough or rude

gruff1681

rough and ready1730

rough1800

kachcha1834

hugger-mugger1840

1840 F. Trollope Widow Married II. xix. 229 I'd rather, ten times over, live hugger-mugger fashion, as we are now.

1853 W. Jerdan Autobiogr. IV. xii. 213 You find matters..so clumsily set out, that you fare in the style called hugger~mugger.

1867 T. Carlyle Reminisc. (1881) I. 203 In a kindly and polite yet very huggermugger cottage.

1883 S. C. Hall Retrospect Long Life II. 315 The household was supplied in a hugger~mugger fashion.

C. adv.

1. Secretly, clandestinely; ‘in hugger-mugger’.

ΘΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > [adverb]

stillyc1000

dernlyc1175

dernea1200

privement?c1225

hidlingsa1250

in hidela1300

in scubardisa1300

stilla1300

hidel-likea1325

privyc1330

ywryȝeliche1340

in secre wysec1374

hidinglya1382

hidlya1382

in privy1384

closea1387

secrelyc1386

stalworthlya1400

covertlyc1400

secrec1405

in hidlings1422

secretly1447

secretementc1470

in secret1474

hugger-muggera1529

in hugger-mugger1529

secret1539

underboard1548

closely1552

darkly1559

in secret wise1563

hiddenly1580

tectly1587

underwater1600

concealedly1622

underground1632

occultly1641

in petto1647

under the rosea1704

subterraneously1791

suppressedly1825

underfoot1860

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > stealthy action, stealth > [adverb]

softlyc1225

by stalea1240

privilya1250

slylyc1275

thieflyc1290

stealingly13..

by stealth1390

stalworthlya1400

theftfullyc1400

theftlyc1400

theftuouslyc1400

under veilc1425

thievishly?c1450

by theft1488

quietly1488

furtively1490

by surreption1526

hugger-muggera1529

in hugger-mugger1529

underhand1538

insidiously1545

creepingly1548

surreptiously1573

underboard1582

filchingly1583

sneakingly1598

underwater1600

slipperily1603

thief-likea1625

clandestinely1632

surreptitiously1643

thievously1658

clancularly1699

stownlins1786

stealthily1806

underhandedly1806

stolen-wise1813

on (upon, under, or by) the sly1818

round-the-corner1820

underhanded1823

stealthfully1828

slinkingly1830

slippingly1830

on the sneak?1863

sneakishly1867

behind backs1874

stalkingly1891

on the side1893

under the counter1926

underground1935

under the table1938

down and dirty1959

sneakily1966

a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Bi^v Thus is the talkynge of one and of oder As men dare speke it hugger mugger.

1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Hugger-mugger, Closely or by Stealth, Under board.

2. In rough disorder or confusion; in a muddle.

ΘΠ

the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > [adverb]

pelly mellya1500

ribble-rabble?a1525

confusely1540

huddlea1555

confusedly1566

pell-mell1579

tag-rag1582

helter-skelter1593

promiscuously1593

pell-mell1596

confusively1599

mel-pella1600

promiscually1602

squimble-squamble1611

promiscuous1616

clutteringly1624

promiscously1635

perplexly1670

skimble-skamble1775

skimper-scamper1778

hodge-podge1848

hugger-mugger1880

rumble-jumble1887

muddledly1914

1880 Ld. Tennyson Village Wife xviii Hugger-mugger they lived, but they wasn't that eäsy to pleäse.

1894 Daily Graphic 3 May 7 The Reformation..left our Church system, as regards the appointment of the clergy, all hugger mugger.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

hugger-muggerv.

Etymology: < hugger-mugger n.

1. transitive. To keep secret or concealed; to hush up.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > keep from knowledge [verb (transitive)]

heeleOE

dernc893

mitheeOE

wryOE

buryc1175

hidec1200

dilla1300

laina1375

keepa1382

wrapa1382

cover1382

conceala1393

curea1400

shroud1412

veilc1460

smorec1480

cele1484

suppress1533

wrap1560

smoulder1571

squat1577

muffle1582

estrange1611

screen1621

lock1646

umbrage1675

reserve1719

restrict1802

hugger-mugger1803

mask1841

ward1881

thimblerig1899

marzipan1974

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > keep from knowledge [verb (transitive)] > cover up

smother1579

to shuffle up1588

smother1589

smooth1592

slobber1630

to hush up1632

slubber1646

smooth1684

sopite1746

shade1785

smug1857

hugger-mugger1862

to cover up1926

1803 M. Charlton Wife & Mistress (ed. 2) IV. 25 His uncle..had saved a mort of money..and behold, it was all hugger muggered away.

1862 N.Y. Tribune 1 June That is a venial offence, to be hugger-muggered up.

1891 J. C. Atkinson Last of Giant-killers 105 That..plunder..which..you keep hugger-muggered up in..your cave.

1898 Daily News 5 Apr. 3/1 For two years the City Corporation tried to hugger-mugger this nasty little incident out of sight.

2. intransitive.

a. To proceed in a secret or clandestine manner; esp. to meet or assemble in this manner.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > stealthy action, stealth > be stealthy [verb (intransitive)] > act stealthily

to draw a snecka1500

underwork1504

to clandestine it1656

hugger-mugger1862

society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > meeting or assembling for common purpose > meet or assemble for common purpose [verb (intransitive)] > have specific type of meeting

cabala1680

caucus1808

hugger-mugger1862

1862 N.Y. Tribune 25 Feb. Listening to key-hole revelations, and hugger-muggering with disappointed politicians.

1879 J. McCarthy Donna Quixote III. vii She won't stand much more of you and me hugger-muggering together.

1887 M. B. Betham-Edwards Next of Kin Wanted I. viii. 110 Let the whole lot hugger-mugger together—old maids, Jesuits, saints, sinners.

b. To go on in a confused or muddled way.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > obscurity > be obscure [verb (intransitive)] > proceed in confused way

hugger-mugger1805

1805 Morn. Herald in Spirit of Public Jrnls. (1806) IX. 356 It's a shame to hugger-mugger on without making a little figure now and then.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online September 2018).

单词	hugger-mugger
释义	hugger-muggern.adj.adv. /ˈhʌɡəˈmʌɡə/ Forms: 1500s hukermoker, hoker moker, hocker-mocker, (also 1800s dialect) huckermucker, hugger mucker, 1500s–1600s hucker mucker, 1500s– hugger mugger, hugger-mugger, huggermugger. Etymology: This is the commonest of a group of reduplicated words of parallel forms and nearly synonymous meaning, including hudder-mudder , Scots hudge-mudge , and obsolete hody-moke . Nothing definite appears as to their derivation or origin, and it is not unlikely that they came from different sources, and influenced each other. An early form, more usual in 16th cent., was hucker-mucker (hoker-moker ), the second element of which may have been the Middle English verb mukre , mokere-n to hoard up, conceal, whence mukrere , mokerere hoarder, miser (compare sense A. 1b). Whether hucker had an independent existence (compare the preceding words), or was merely a rhyming variation, cannot at present be determined. The change to hugger-mugger was phonetically easy and natural, but may have been helped by the influence of hudder-mudder, which was apparently of different origin. A. n. 1. a. Concealment, secrecy; esp. in in hugger-mugger: in secret, secretly, clandestinely. Formerly in ordinary literary use, now archaic or informal. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > [noun] dighelnessc1000 dernship?c1225 derna1250 concealmenta1325 hidnessc1330 hiddennessc1380 privy1384 secrenessc1386 secre1390 stillnessa1400 secretnessa1475 hodelnessec1475 scuggery?a1500 hugger-mugger1529 closeness1562 secrecy1563 privatenessa1586 covertness1592 hugger-mug1654 privacy1702 conspiracy of silence1865 hush-hush1973 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > [adverb] stillyc1000 dernlyc1175 dernea1200 privement?c1225 hidlingsa1250 in hidela1300 in scubardisa1300 stilla1300 hidel-likea1325 privyc1330 ywryȝeliche1340 in secre wysec1374 hidinglya1382 hidlya1382 in privy1384 closea1387 secrelyc1386 stalworthlya1400 covertlyc1400 secrec1405 in hidlings1422 secretly1447 secretementc1470 in secret1474 hugger-muggera1529 in hugger-mugger1529 secret1539 underboard1548 closely1552 darkly1559 in secret wise1563 hiddenly1580 tectly1587 underwater1600 concealedly1622 underground1632 occultly1641 in petto1647 under the rosea1704 subterraneously1791 suppressedly1825 underfoot1860 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > stealthy action, stealth > [adverb] softlyc1225 by stalea1240 privilya1250 slylyc1275 thieflyc1290 stealingly13.. by stealth1390 stalworthlya1400 theftfullyc1400 theftlyc1400 theftuouslyc1400 under veilc1425 thievishly?c1450 by theft1488 quietly1488 furtively1490 by surreption1526 hugger-muggera1529 in hugger-mugger1529 underhand1538 insidiously1545 creepingly1548 surreptiously1573 underboard1582 filchingly1583 sneakingly1598 underwater1600 slipperily1603 thief-likea1625 clandestinely1632 surreptitiously1643 thievously1658 clancularly1699 stownlins1786 stealthily1806 underhandedly1806 stolen-wise1813 on (upon, under, or by) the sly1818 round-the-corner1820 underhanded1823 stealthfully1828 slinkingly1830 slippingly1830 on the sneak?1863 sneakishly1867 behind backs1874 stalkingly1891 on the side1893 under the counter1926 underground1935 under the table1938 down and dirty1959 sneakily1966 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > [noun] coverture1393 laina1400 coveringc1400 palliation?c1425 lainingc1440 lonea1450 hudder-mudder1461 hugger-mugger1529 concealment1565 celation1567 hugger1576 burial1596 smothering1602 suppression1651 disguisal1652 hugger-mug1654 latitancy1701 cover-up1927 wraps1939 1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes ii. 52 b/2 He wolde haue hys faythe dyuulged and spredde abrode openly, not alwaye whyspered in hukermoker. 1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iv. 121 b/1 Suche thyngys..these heretyques teche in hucker mucker. 1539 R. Taverner Garden of Wysdom sig. C.viii^v It shalbe done moche better in open court, and in the face of all the worlde, thanne in hugger mugger. c1560 T. Becon Relikes of Rome sig. F.viii^v The woordes of the Lordes supper..wer not spoken in hocker mocker..but playnly, openly and distinctlye. c1590 in Acc. & Pap. relating to Mary Q. of Scots (Camden) 114 Secreatlie demeasned, or handled in hugger mucker, or rufflid up in hast. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 563 Say that this is done in secret and hucker mucker. 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iv. v. 82 We haue done but greenly In hugger mugger to inter him. View more context for this quotation 1633 J. Ford 'Tis Pitty shee's Whore iii. sig. E3 ^v There's no way but to clap vp a marriage in hugger mugger. 1678 S. Butler Hudibras: Third Pt. iii. iii. 200 In hugger-mugger hid. 1744 R. North & M. North Life Sir D. North & Rev. J. North 251 The good old Lady..took him into hugger mugger in her Closet, where she usually had some good Pye, or plumb Cake. 1836 T. P. Thompson Exercises (1842) IV. 91 The resolution that the voting in Committee shall take place in ‘hugger~mugger’. 1874 J. L. Motley Life John of Barneveld I. iv. 226 The trial was all mystery, hugger-mugger, horror. b. One who keeps things hidden or in secret; a hoarder or miser. (Perhaps an error.) ΘΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > [noun] > one who or that which conceals hiderc1374 coverer1393 heelera1586 secreter1755 hugger-mugger1862 the mind > possession > retaining > niggardliness or meanness > [noun] > niggard or mean person > miser or hoarder of wealth chinch?a1300 wretch1303 chincher1333 muckererc1390 mokerarda1400 muglard1440 gatherer?a1513 hoarder?a1513 warner1513 hardhead1519 snudge1545 cob1548 snidge1548 muckmonger1566 mucker1567 miser?1577 scrape-penny1584 money-miser1586 gromwell-gainer1588 muckscrape1589 muckworm1598 scrib1600 muckraker1601 morkin-gnoff1602 scrape-scall1602 incubo1607 accumulator1611 gripe-money1611 scrape-good1611 silver-hider1611 gripe1621 scrapeling1629 clutch1630 scrape-pelfa1640 volpone1672 spare-penny1707 save-all1729 bagger1740 spare-thrift1803 money-codger1818 hunger-rot1828 muckrake1850 muckthrift1852 gripe-penny1860 hugger-mugger1862 Scrooge1940 1862 A. Trollope N. Amer. I. 289 Nor is the New Yorker a hugger-mugger with his money. He does not hide up his dollars in old stockings, and keep rolls of gold in hidden pots. 2. Disorder, confusion; a medley, muddle. ΘΠ the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > [noun] brabbling1530 confusion1530 ruffle1533 pell-mellc1586 confusedness1587 huddle1606 Babel confusion1653 promiscuity1663 hugger-mugger1674 promiscuousness1676 clutter1692 jumblement1706 muddle1808 embranglement1826 mare's nest1837 muddlement1857 muddledom1891 muddliness1891 mêlée1895 mix-up1898 huddledom1923 buggeration1962 mixed-upness1967 the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > absence of arrangement > [noun] > a disorderly collection rabblea1398 hotchpotc1405 hotchpotchc1410 mishmashc1475 gaggle?1478 chaos?1550 humble-jumble1550 huddle1587 wilderness1594 lurry1607 hatterc1626 farragoa1637 bumble1648 higgledy-piggledy1659 jumble1661 clutter1666 hugger-mugger1674 litter1730 imbroglio1753 confusion1791 cludder1801 hurrah's nest1829 hotter1834 welter1857 muddle1863 splatter1895 shamble1926 1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 74 An hugger-mugger of meddlesom beings all at jars. a1871 T. Carlyle Reminisc. (1881) II. 174 Huggermugger was the type of his [sc. L. Hunt's] economics. 1871 S. Smiles Character ii. 54 Muddle flies before it, and hugger-mugger becomes a thing unknown. 1887 T. Darlington Folk-speech S. Cheshire My pleeces bin aw i sich a huckermucker I'm..asheemed o' annybody gooin' in 'em. B. adj. 1. Secret; clandestine. ΘΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > [adjective] dernc897 dighela1000 hid?c1225 stillc1275 stillyc1275 covertc1303 secrec1374 secret1399 secretivec1470 covered1484 dark1532 underhid1532 hiddena1547 concealed1558 abstruse1576 unshewing1598 mystical1600 of secreta1616 mystica1625 subterraneous1652 researched1653 hugger-mugger1692 hidlingsa1810 sub rosa1824 cachet1837 cloak and dagger1841 theftuous1881 q.t.1910 closet1966 down-low1991 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > stealthy action, stealth > [adjective] privyc1230 thiefly1395 stalkinga1400 slyc1440 insidious1545 clanculary1563 hedge-creeping1579 thievish1587 sneaking1590 tiptoe1593 peaking1595 underworking1605 stealthya1616 subtlea1616 surreptitious?1615 clancular1621 stealthful?1624 insidiary1625 worming1631 subterranean1643 clancularious1656 hugger-mugger1692 slink1792 slinking1841 instealing1844 thief-like1847 furtive1859 1692 tr. Sallust Wks. 330 What hugger mugger Funerals of Citizens, what sudden Massacres committed in the very Arms of Parents and Children. 1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison VI. xliv. 280 No hugger mugger doings—Let private weddings be for doubtful happiness. 1796 M. Robinson Angelina II. 127 No hugger-mugger doings for me! 2. Rough and disorderly, confused, makeshift. ΘΠ the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > [adjective] confusec1384 yblent1426 intermellé1487 farraginary1538 puddled1559 confused1576 promiscuous1579 pell-mell1584 ravelleda1586 mingle-mangle1589 rumblingc1598 skimble-skamble1598 huddle1601 plundered1601 promiscual1602 jumbled1611 promiscous1656 bedevilled1755 helter-skelter1785 muddly1829 hugger-mugger1840 wildered1853 pied1870 deurmekaar1871 mixed-up1888 screwed-up1942 snafu1942 scrambled1951 untogether1969 the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > imperfection > [adjective] > in specific way: defective or faulty > crude or undeveloped > rough or rude gruff1681 rough and ready1730 rough1800 kachcha1834 hugger-mugger1840 1840 F. Trollope Widow Married II. xix. 229 I'd rather, ten times over, live hugger-mugger fashion, as we are now. 1853 W. Jerdan Autobiogr. IV. xii. 213 You find matters..so clumsily set out, that you fare in the style called hugger~mugger. 1867 T. Carlyle Reminisc. (1881) I. 203 In a kindly and polite yet very huggermugger cottage. 1883 S. C. Hall Retrospect Long Life II. 315 The household was supplied in a hugger~mugger fashion. C. adv. 1. Secretly, clandestinely; ‘in hugger-mugger’. ΘΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > [adverb] stillyc1000 dernlyc1175 dernea1200 privement?c1225 hidlingsa1250 in hidela1300 in scubardisa1300 stilla1300 hidel-likea1325 privyc1330 ywryȝeliche1340 in secre wysec1374 hidinglya1382 hidlya1382 in privy1384 closea1387 secrelyc1386 stalworthlya1400 covertlyc1400 secrec1405 in hidlings1422 secretly1447 secretementc1470 in secret1474 hugger-muggera1529 in hugger-mugger1529 secret1539 underboard1548 closely1552 darkly1559 in secret wise1563 hiddenly1580 tectly1587 underwater1600 concealedly1622 underground1632 occultly1641 in petto1647 under the rosea1704 subterraneously1791 suppressedly1825 underfoot1860 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > stealthy action, stealth > [adverb] softlyc1225 by stalea1240 privilya1250 slylyc1275 thieflyc1290 stealingly13.. by stealth1390 stalworthlya1400 theftfullyc1400 theftlyc1400 theftuouslyc1400 under veilc1425 thievishly?c1450 by theft1488 quietly1488 furtively1490 by surreption1526 hugger-muggera1529 in hugger-mugger1529 underhand1538 insidiously1545 creepingly1548 surreptiously1573 underboard1582 filchingly1583 sneakingly1598 underwater1600 slipperily1603 thief-likea1625 clandestinely1632 surreptitiously1643 thievously1658 clancularly1699 stownlins1786 stealthily1806 underhandedly1806 stolen-wise1813 on (upon, under, or by) the sly1818 round-the-corner1820 underhanded1823 stealthfully1828 slinkingly1830 slippingly1830 on the sneak?1863 sneakishly1867 behind backs1874 stalkingly1891 on the side1893 under the counter1926 underground1935 under the table1938 down and dirty1959 sneakily1966 a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Bi^v Thus is the talkynge of one and of oder As men dare speke it hugger mugger. 1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Hugger-mugger, Closely or by Stealth, Under board. 2. In rough disorder or confusion; in a muddle. ΘΠ the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > [adverb] pelly mellya1500 ribble-rabble?a1525 confusely1540 huddlea1555 confusedly1566 pell-mell1579 tag-rag1582 helter-skelter1593 promiscuously1593 pell-mell1596 confusively1599 mel-pella1600 promiscually1602 squimble-squamble1611 promiscuous1616 clutteringly1624 promiscously1635 perplexly1670 skimble-skamble1775 skimper-scamper1778 hodge-podge1848 hugger-mugger1880 rumble-jumble1887 muddledly1914 1880 Ld. Tennyson Village Wife xviii Hugger-mugger they lived, but they wasn't that eäsy to pleäse. 1894 Daily Graphic 3 May 7 The Reformation..left our Church system, as regards the appointment of the clergy, all hugger mugger. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online December 2021). hugger-muggerv. Etymology: < hugger-mugger n. 1. transitive. To keep secret or concealed; to hush up. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > keep from knowledge [verb (transitive)] heeleOE dernc893 mitheeOE wryOE buryc1175 hidec1200 dilla1300 laina1375 keepa1382 wrapa1382 cover1382 conceala1393 curea1400 shroud1412 veilc1460 smorec1480 cele1484 suppress1533 wrap1560 smoulder1571 squat1577 muffle1582 estrange1611 screen1621 lock1646 umbrage1675 reserve1719 restrict1802 hugger-mugger1803 mask1841 ward1881 thimblerig1899 marzipan1974 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > keep from knowledge [verb (transitive)] > cover up smother1579 to shuffle up1588 smother1589 smooth1592 smooth1592 slobber1630 to hush up1632 slubber1646 smooth1684 sopite1746 shade1785 smug1857 hugger-mugger1862 to cover up1926 1803 M. Charlton Wife & Mistress (ed. 2) IV. 25 His uncle..had saved a mort of money..and behold, it was all hugger muggered away. 1862 N.Y. Tribune 1 June That is a venial offence, to be hugger-muggered up. 1891 J. C. Atkinson Last of Giant-killers 105 That..plunder..which..you keep hugger-muggered up in..your cave. 1898 Daily News 5 Apr. 3/1 For two years the City Corporation tried to hugger-mugger this nasty little incident out of sight. 2. intransitive. a. To proceed in a secret or clandestine manner; esp. to meet or assemble in this manner. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > stealthy action, stealth > be stealthy [verb (intransitive)] > act stealthily to draw a snecka1500 underwork1504 to clandestine it1656 hugger-mugger1862 society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > meeting or assembling for common purpose > meet or assemble for common purpose [verb (intransitive)] > have specific type of meeting cabala1680 caucus1808 hugger-mugger1862 1862 N.Y. Tribune 25 Feb. Listening to key-hole revelations, and hugger-muggering with disappointed politicians. 1879 J. McCarthy Donna Quixote III. vii She won't stand much more of you and me hugger-muggering together. 1887 M. B. Betham-Edwards Next of Kin Wanted I. viii. 110 Let the whole lot hugger-mugger together—old maids, Jesuits, saints, sinners. b. To go on in a confused or muddled way. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > obscurity > be obscure [verb (intransitive)] > proceed in confused way hugger-mugger1805 1805 Morn. Herald in Spirit of Public Jrnls. (1806) IX. 356 It's a shame to hugger-mugger on without making a little figure now and then. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online September 2018). < n.adj.adv.a1529v.1803
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