Hindin.adj.

Brit.

/ˈhɪndi/,

/ˈhɪndiː/, U.S.

/ˈhɪndi/

Forms: 1800s Hindee, 1800s– Hindi.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Hindi. Partly a borrowing from Urdu. Partly a borrowing from Persian. Etymons: Hindi hindī; Urdu hindī; Persian hindī.

Etymology: < (i) Hindi hindī and Urdu hindī (adjective) Indian, (noun) denoting a specific language of India (see sense A. 2), and its apparent etymon (ii) Persian hindī, in the same senses < hind , the name of India (see India n.) + -ī , suffix expressing belonging. With use with reference to the language compare earlier Hindu n. 2, and also Hindui n. and Hindustani n. 1.In Persian, hindī has now largely superseded hinduwī Hindui n. Early use. In sense A. 1a originally via French. This sense may reflect early modern confusion between Ethiopia and regions in Asia; compare the discussion at Abyssinian n. and at Prester John n. Perhaps compare also Persian uses of hindū to denote a person with very dark skin (see Hindu n.).

A. n.

†a. A native or inhabitant of Ethiopia. Also as a mass noun. Obsolete. rare.This sense appears to be based on a misapprehension (see etymological note).

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Africa > native or inhabitant of North Africa > native or inhabitant of Ethiopia > [noun]

Abassian1613

Hubsheea1627

Abyssinian1703

Hindi1735

1735 S. Johnson tr. J. Lobo Voy. Abyssinia 196 The Eastern People on the contrary call'd those Kingdoms India which we call Ethiopia or Abyssinia... The Persians to this Day call an Ethiopian, Siah, Hindou, or Hindi [Fr. Hindi].

1850 F. R. Chesney Exped. Surv. Euphrates & Tigris I. xii. 282 It is said that St. Thomas converted..the Hindi, or Ethiopians.

b. A native or inhabitant of northern India. rare (now historical).In contrast to Hindu (Hindu n. 1), this sense does not have religious connotations.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Asia > native or inhabitant of India > [noun] > native or inhabitant of India > parts of

Malabar1582

Gujaratic1607

Bengalan1613

Goan1652

Hindustan1662

Macassar1665

Gangetic1677

Malabarian1709

Mysorean1761

Bengalese1778

Assamese1794

Hindustani1813

Marwari1815

Sindhi1815

mofussilite1828

Mizo1832

Goanese1835

Punjabi1843

Bengali1848

Sindian1849

Madrasi1851

Toda1851

Hindia1853

Lushai1862

Kashmirian1876

Kashmir1882

Kashmiri1882

Konkani1885

ditcher1886

Ladakhi1893

Bihari1897

Sikkimese1938

Rajasthani1947

Maharashtrian1953

a1853 H. M. Elliot tr. Amīr Khusraw Dihlavī in Hist. India (1871) III. App. ii. 539 The Musalmáns, who were Hindís (country born), had their lives spared.

1936 Social Forces 15 86/1 The Hindis have their own great past in constant relation with the West and have a common religious background to rely on, even though this is divided into two main units.

2003 R. K. Ray Felt Community i. 11 What, then, was Dadu? If we use a term coming into use by that generation, he was a ‘Hindi’, i.e. Indian.

2. An Indo-Aryan language of northern India, descended from Sanskrit and written in the Devanagari script. In early use also: †a Sanskritized register of the spoken lingua franca; cf. Hindustani n. 1 (obsolete).Hindi is a diverse language comprising many dialects, including Awadhi, Bagheli, Bhojpuri, Braj Bhasha, Bundeli, Kannauji, and Khariboli. See also quot. 1937.The modern standardized form of Hindi (more fully Modern Hindi or Modern Standard Hindi) evolved from the late 18th cent. onwards based on a Sanskritized register of spoken Hindustani. It was established as one of the main official languages of India following Indian Partition in 1947. On the relationship between Hindi and Urdu, see the note at Hindi–Urdu n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Indic > central languages > Hindi

Hindu1777

Hindi1782

Hindui1785

1782 tr. in Narr. Insurrection Zemeedary of Banaris App. 166 The Commandant Doond Sing, not being able to write either in Persian or Hindee, has made his mark.

1801 H. T. Colebrooke in Asiatick Researches 7 220 Theirs [sc. the Cányacubjas] seems to be the language which forms the ground-work of modern Hindustání, and..is known by the appellation of Hindí or Hindeví.

1860 I. Dass Domest. Manners & Customs Hindoos N. India ii. 22 The Mahábhárat and the Rámáyan..were originally written in Sanscrit and were later translated into Hindee by a learned Hindoo.

1937 B. R. Saksena (title) Evolution of Awadhi (a branch of Hindi).

1949 Constitution India xvii. i. §343 in Gaz. India 26 Nov. 2512 The official language of the Union shall be Hindi in Devanagari script.

2017 S. Menon When Dimple met Rishi vi. 42 They're technically from Gujarat, but they're third generation Mumbaiites, so they speak Hindi.

B. adj.

Designating the language Hindi; of or relating to this, or to the region of northern India in which it predominates.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > East Indies > [adjective] > India > of Indian origin > northern India

Hindi1791

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [adjective] > Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Indic > central Indian

Moorish1763

Hindu1768

Hindui1785

Hindustani1786

Hindi1791

Urdu1830

Pahari1837

Gujarati1927

1791 Asiatick Researches 2 225 The meaning may be well enough made out..through the medium of the Persian or the Hindì language.

1833 H. W. Bellew View in India 6 These sable votaries of Euterpe were singing..the bravura strains of a Hindee song.

1878 R. N. Cust Sketch Mod. Lang. E. Indies 49 The real and original Vernacular of the Hindi people.

1964 M. Gopal Munshi Premchand 123 The renown that he won in the Hindi world of letters did not mean severance of his connection with Urdu.

2004 S. Mehta Maximum City (2005) i. 8 The happiest afternoons of that time were when we went to see Hindi movies at the Eagle Theater.

Compounds

C1. With participles or nouns, forming compounds in which Hindi (sense A. 2) expresses the object of the underlying verb.

Hindi speaker n.

ΚΠ

1865 G. Campbell Capital of India 21 Even the widely scattered Coles or coolees seem to be aboriginal Hindee speakers, and to have..no radically different language.

2007 V. S. Naipaul Writer's People (2008) iii. 81 He was a Hindi-speaker. After all these years in the island he had only a few words of English.

Hindi-speaking adj.

ΚΠ

1852 Allen's Indian Mail 20 Sept. 525/1 The Hindi-speaking population of Hindoostan.

2012 Jrnl. Asian Stud. 71 1179 He grew up in Hindi-speaking North India.

C2.

Hindi belt n. a region of northern India in which Hindi, together with its dialects, is the predominant language.The states usually considered as belonging to the Hindi belt are: Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Uttarakhand.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > East Indies > [noun] > India > parts of

W.I.1848

U.P.1908

Hindi belt1956

Hindi heartland1962

1956 Times of India 5 May 6/4 As one leader despairingly pointed out, the entire Hindi belt from Bihar to Rajasthan is over-whelmingly Congress in loyalties.

2011 M. Pande Other Country 33 The Hindi belt is a vast catchment area with dozens of little regional cultures and dialects nestling within it.

Hindi heartland n. = Hindi belt n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > East Indies > [noun] > India > parts of

W.I.1848

U.P.1908

Hindi belt1956

Hindi heartland1962

1962 Times of India 4 Apr. 6/4 The Jan Sangh's [sc. a political party] appeal however is limited to the country's Hindi heartland.

2015 Kashmir Times (Nexis) 26 Dec. Things have started to heat up in Uttar Pradesh, the most populous Hindi heartland state.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	hindi
释义	Hindin.adj. Brit. /ˈhɪndi/, /ˈhɪndiː/, U.S. /ˈhɪndi/ Forms: 1800s Hindee, 1800s– Hindi. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Hindi. Partly a borrowing from Urdu. Partly a borrowing from Persian. Etymons: Hindi hindī; Urdu hindī; Persian hindī. Etymology: < (i) Hindi hindī and Urdu hindī (adjective) Indian, (noun) denoting a specific language of India (see sense A. 2), and its apparent etymon (ii) Persian hindī, in the same senses < hind , the name of India (see India n.) + -ī , suffix expressing belonging. With use with reference to the language compare earlier Hindu n. 2, and also Hindui n. and Hindustani n. 1.In Persian, hindī has now largely superseded hinduwī Hindui n. Early use. In sense A. 1a originally via French. This sense may reflect early modern confusion between Ethiopia and regions in Asia; compare the discussion at Abyssinian n. and at Prester John n. Perhaps compare also Persian uses of hindū to denote a person with very dark skin (see Hindu n.). A. n. 1. †a. A native or inhabitant of Ethiopia. Also as a mass noun. Obsolete. rare.This sense appears to be based on a misapprehension (see etymological note). ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Africa > native or inhabitant of North Africa > native or inhabitant of Ethiopia > [noun] Abassian1613 Hubsheea1627 Abyssinian1703 Hindi1735 1735 S. Johnson tr. J. Lobo Voy. Abyssinia 196 The Eastern People on the contrary call'd those Kingdoms India which we call Ethiopia or Abyssinia... The Persians to this Day call an Ethiopian, Siah, Hindou, or Hindi [Fr. Hindi]. 1850 F. R. Chesney Exped. Surv. Euphrates & Tigris I. xii. 282 It is said that St. Thomas converted..the Hindi, or Ethiopians. b. A native or inhabitant of northern India. rare (now historical).In contrast to Hindu (Hindu n. 1), this sense does not have religious connotations. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Asia > native or inhabitant of India > [noun] > native or inhabitant of India > parts of Malabar1582 Gujaratic1607 Bengalan1613 Goan1652 Hindustan1662 Macassar1665 Gangetic1677 Malabarian1709 Mysorean1761 Bengalese1778 Assamese1794 Hindustani1813 Marwari1815 Sindhi1815 mofussilite1828 Mizo1832 Goanese1835 Punjabi1843 Bengali1848 Sindian1849 Madrasi1851 Toda1851 Hindia1853 Lushai1862 Kashmirian1876 Kashmir1882 Kashmiri1882 Konkani1885 ditcher1886 Ladakhi1893 Bihari1897 Sikkimese1938 Rajasthani1947 Maharashtrian1953 a1853 H. M. Elliot tr. Amīr Khusraw Dihlavī in Hist. India (1871) III. App. ii. 539 The Musalmáns, who were Hindís (country born), had their lives spared. 1936 Social Forces 15 86/1 The Hindis have their own great past in constant relation with the West and have a common religious background to rely on, even though this is divided into two main units. 2003 R. K. Ray Felt Community i. 11 What, then, was Dadu? If we use a term coming into use by that generation, he was a ‘Hindi’, i.e. Indian. 2. An Indo-Aryan language of northern India, descended from Sanskrit and written in the Devanagari script. In early use also: †a Sanskritized register of the spoken lingua franca; cf. Hindustani n. 1 (obsolete).Hindi is a diverse language comprising many dialects, including Awadhi, Bagheli, Bhojpuri, Braj Bhasha, Bundeli, Kannauji, and Khariboli. See also quot. 1937.The modern standardized form of Hindi (more fully Modern Hindi or Modern Standard Hindi) evolved from the late 18th cent. onwards based on a Sanskritized register of spoken Hindustani. It was established as one of the main official languages of India following Indian Partition in 1947. On the relationship between Hindi and Urdu, see the note at Hindi–Urdu n. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Indic > central languages > Hindi Hindu1777 Hindi1782 Hindui1785 1782 tr. in Narr. Insurrection Zemeedary of Banaris App. 166 The Commandant Doond Sing, not being able to write either in Persian or Hindee, has made his mark. 1801 H. T. Colebrooke in Asiatick Researches 7 220 Theirs [sc. the Cányacubjas] seems to be the language which forms the ground-work of modern Hindustání, and..is known by the appellation of Hindí or Hindeví. 1860 I. Dass Domest. Manners & Customs Hindoos N. India ii. 22 The Mahábhárat and the Rámáyan..were originally written in Sanscrit and were later translated into Hindee by a learned Hindoo. 1937 B. R. Saksena (title) Evolution of Awadhi (a branch of Hindi). 1949 Constitution India xvii. i. §343 in Gaz. India 26 Nov. 2512 The official language of the Union shall be Hindi in Devanagari script. 2017 S. Menon When Dimple met Rishi vi. 42 They're technically from Gujarat, but they're third generation Mumbaiites, so they speak Hindi. B. adj. Designating the language Hindi; of or relating to this, or to the region of northern India in which it predominates. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > East Indies > [adjective] > India > of Indian origin > northern India Hindi1791 the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [adjective] > Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Indic > central Indian Moorish1763 Hindu1768 Hindui1785 Hindustani1786 Hindi1791 Urdu1830 Pahari1837 Gujarati1927 1791 Asiatick Researches 2 225 The meaning may be well enough made out..through the medium of the Persian or the Hindì language. 1833 H. W. Bellew View in India 6 These sable votaries of Euterpe were singing..the bravura strains of a Hindee song. 1878 R. N. Cust Sketch Mod. Lang. E. Indies 49 The real and original Vernacular of the Hindi people. 1964 M. Gopal Munshi Premchand 123 The renown that he won in the Hindi world of letters did not mean severance of his connection with Urdu. 2004 S. Mehta Maximum City (2005) i. 8 The happiest afternoons of that time were when we went to see Hindi movies at the Eagle Theater. Compounds C1. With participles or nouns, forming compounds in which Hindi (sense A. 2) expresses the object of the underlying verb. Hindi speaker n. ΚΠ 1865 G. Campbell Capital of India 21 Even the widely scattered Coles or coolees seem to be aboriginal Hindee speakers, and to have..no radically different language. 2007 V. S. Naipaul Writer's People (2008) iii. 81 He was a Hindi-speaker. After all these years in the island he had only a few words of English. Hindi-speaking adj. ΚΠ 1852 Allen's Indian Mail 20 Sept. 525/1 The Hindi-speaking population of Hindoostan. 2012 Jrnl. Asian Stud. 71 1179 He grew up in Hindi-speaking North India. C2. Hindi belt n. a region of northern India in which Hindi, together with its dialects, is the predominant language.The states usually considered as belonging to the Hindi belt are: Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Uttarakhand. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > East Indies > [noun] > India > parts of W.I.1848 U.P.1908 Hindi belt1956 Hindi heartland1962 1956 Times of India 5 May 6/4 As one leader despairingly pointed out, the entire Hindi belt from Bihar to Rajasthan is over-whelmingly Congress in loyalties. 2011 M. Pande Other Country 33 The Hindi belt is a vast catchment area with dozens of little regional cultures and dialects nestling within it. Hindi heartland n. = Hindi belt n. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > East Indies > [noun] > India > parts of W.I.1848 U.P.1908 Hindi belt1956 Hindi heartland1962 1962 Times of India 4 Apr. 6/4 The Jan Sangh's [sc. a political party] appeal however is limited to the country's Hindi heartland. 2015 Kashmir Times (Nexis) 26 Dec. Things have started to heat up in Uttar Pradesh, the most populous Hindi heartland state. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1735
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