heaveln.

Brit.

/ˈhiːvl/, U.S.

/ˈhiv(ə)l/

Forms:

α. early Old English hebeld, early Old English hebild, Old English–early Middle English hefeld, Old English (rare)–early Middle English heueld, early Middle English evedles (plural, transmission error), early Middle English eveld, early Middle English hefdles (plural, transmission error), early Middle English heveld.

β. early Old English hebel- (in compounds), Old English–early Middle English hefel- (in compounds), early Middle English helvel- (in compounds, transmission error), early Middle English heuel- (in compounds), early Middle English hevel- (in compounds), early Middle English hevele, 1600s hevell, 1600s 1800s– heavel, 1700s– havel (English regional (East Anglian)), 1800s– evel (English regional (Somerset)), 1800s– hevel (English regional (western)).

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Middle Dutch hevelt (early modern Dutch hevelt ; compare Dutch hevel ), Old Saxon hevild (Middle Low German hēvelte ), Icelandic hafald (17th cent.) < the Germanic base of Old English hebban to lift (see heave v.) + a Germanic suffix forming nouns of action or instrument (also seen in e.g. Old English færeld journey, way, vehicle (compare fare v.¹), threshold n., etc.). Compare heald n. and heddle n.In Old English and early Middle English the word chiefly occurs in glosses rendering classical Latin līcium length of yarn, thread, cord, (in weaving) leash, heddle (see lisse n.² and also lease n.⁴) and also post-classical Latin liciatorium (Vulgate), usually assumed to denote the web-beam, but perhaps also used in sense ‘heddle-beam’. It is probable that the English word always refers to heddles (including the heddle-beam), but the context of the attestations makes it impossible to be certain. Compare also the Old English derivative verb hefeldian to begin to weave, apparently with reference to setting up the warp on the loom.

Weaving. In later use English regional (now historical).

A device on a loom which lifts and separates the warp to allow passage of the shuttle. Also: each of the looped cords or (later) wires forming part of this device; = heddle n.In Old English also apparently occasionally used more generally to denote a (type of) thread or cord, perhaps of the kind used for heddles (compare discussion in etymology section).

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [noun] > weaving > loom > heddle(s)

heaveleOE

heald1483

heddles1513

eOE Épinal Gloss. (1974) 32 Liciatorium hebild [eOE Corpus Gloss. hebelgerd].

eOE Corpus Gloss. (1890) 74/2 Licium, hebeld. Licia, hebeldðred.

OE Antwerp Gloss. (1955) 127 Licium, hefeld.

c1200 ( Latin-Old Eng. Gloss. (Bodl. 730) in Eng. Stud. (1981) 62 204/2 Liciatorium, hefeld.

a1300 Glosses to Garland's Unus Omnium (Durh. C.iv.26) in T. Hunt Teaching & Learning Lat. in 13th-cent. Eng. (1991) II. 164 Licium : hevele.

1608 Inventory of Robert Blome in M. Pelling Common Lot (2013) iii. ix. 224 One iron with a strykinge shafte to make wollen hevells.

1675 J. Collinges Weavers Pocket-bk. v. 59 His feet are moving the treddles, which raising the heavels, do part the Warp.

1786 in Notes & Queries 17 Mar. (1906) 209/2 A man here [sc. in Norwich] makes havels and slaies.

1806 Ann. Rev. 1805 4 772/2 The heavel..is a row of loops fastened to a spline, serving to lift or heave every thread of warp.

1851 Farmer's Mag. Apr. 361/2 I was informed that the work which was best paid in connection with the weaving trade was that called the ‘havel work’, which consists in preparing the havel for the weaver.

1851 in Illustr. London News (1854) 5 Aug. 118 (Occupations of the people) Havel and heald maker.

1855 E. W. Cox Rep. Cases Criminal Law 6 200 Every thread of the thrum is put through an eye in the ‘hevel’ or tool, which has the effect of keeping them separate.

1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. Hevel, the heddle or loop in the harness..through which the thread or end of the warp passes; consequently each thread must have its own separate hevel. In other districts this loop is called the eye of the heald.

1895 W. Rye Gloss. Words E. Anglia Havel and Slaie, parts of the fittings of a weaver's loom.

1985 N. Evans East Anglian Linen Industry ii. 33 In several cases slay and heavel-making appears to have been a subsidiary occupation for barbers.

Compounds

† heavel-thread n. [compare Middle Dutch heveldraet thrum (Dutch heveldraad heddle), and also Middle Low German (in late sources) hēvelgārn] Obsolete a looped cord that forms a heddle; (more generally) a (type of) thread or cord.

ΚΠ

OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Vitell.) (1984) clxxxiii. 228 Genim þonne þone wyrttruman..& gewrið to anum hefelþræde & ahoh to ðinum swyran.

OE Ælfric Old Test. Summary: Judges (Laud) xvi. 9 in S. J. Crawford Old Eng. Version of Heptateuch (1922) 412 Ða tobræc he sona þa rapas swa swa hefelþrædas [L. filum de stuppae tortum putamine].

c1225 Worcester Glosses to Old Eng. Homilies in Anglia (1928) 52 24 Hefelþrædas : heuelþredes.

a1300 Glosses to De Nominibus Utensilium of Alexander Neckam (Caius 136) in T. Hunt Teaching & Learning in 13th-cent. Eng. (1991) II. 73 Licia : hevelyredes [read hevelþredes; c1300 Linc. 132 filys, anglice evedles].

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	heavel
释义	heaveln. Brit. /ˈhiːvl/, U.S. /ˈhiv(ə)l/ Forms: α. early Old English hebeld, early Old English hebild, Old English–early Middle English hefeld, Old English (rare)–early Middle English heueld, early Middle English evedles (plural, transmission error), early Middle English eveld, early Middle English hefdles (plural, transmission error), early Middle English heveld. β. early Old English hebel- (in compounds), Old English–early Middle English hefel- (in compounds), early Middle English helvel- (in compounds, transmission error), early Middle English heuel- (in compounds), early Middle English hevel- (in compounds), early Middle English hevele, 1600s hevell, 1600s 1800s– heavel, 1700s– havel (English regional (East Anglian)), 1800s– evel (English regional (Somerset)), 1800s– hevel (English regional (western)). Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Middle Dutch hevelt (early modern Dutch hevelt ; compare Dutch hevel ), Old Saxon hevild (Middle Low German hēvelte ), Icelandic hafald (17th cent.) < the Germanic base of Old English hebban to lift (see heave v.) + a Germanic suffix forming nouns of action or instrument (also seen in e.g. Old English færeld journey, way, vehicle (compare fare v.¹), threshold n., etc.). Compare heald n. and heddle n.In Old English and early Middle English the word chiefly occurs in glosses rendering classical Latin līcium length of yarn, thread, cord, (in weaving) leash, heddle (see lisse n.² and also lease n.⁴) and also post-classical Latin liciatorium (Vulgate), usually assumed to denote the web-beam, but perhaps also used in sense ‘heddle-beam’. It is probable that the English word always refers to heddles (including the heddle-beam), but the context of the attestations makes it impossible to be certain. Compare also the Old English derivative verb hefeldian to begin to weave, apparently with reference to setting up the warp on the loom. Weaving. In later use English regional (now historical). A device on a loom which lifts and separates the warp to allow passage of the shuttle. Also: each of the looped cords or (later) wires forming part of this device; = heddle n.In Old English also apparently occasionally used more generally to denote a (type of) thread or cord, perhaps of the kind used for heddles (compare discussion in etymology section). ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [noun] > weaving > loom > heddle(s) heaveleOE heald1483 heddles1513 eOE Épinal Gloss. (1974) 32 Liciatorium hebild [eOE Corpus Gloss. hebelgerd]. eOE Corpus Gloss. (1890) 74/2 Licium, hebeld. Licia, hebeldðred. OE Antwerp Gloss. (1955) 127 Licium, hefeld. c1200 ( Latin-Old Eng. Gloss. (Bodl. 730) in Eng. Stud. (1981) 62 204/2 Liciatorium, hefeld. a1300 Glosses to Garland's Unus Omnium (Durh. C.iv.26) in T. Hunt Teaching & Learning Lat. in 13th-cent. Eng. (1991) II. 164 Licium : hevele. 1608 Inventory of Robert Blome in M. Pelling Common Lot (2013) iii. ix. 224 One iron with a strykinge shafte to make wollen hevells. 1675 J. Collinges Weavers Pocket-bk. v. 59 His feet are moving the treddles, which raising the heavels, do part the Warp. 1786 in Notes & Queries 17 Mar. (1906) 209/2 A man here [sc. in Norwich] makes havels and slaies. 1806 Ann. Rev. 1805 4 772/2 The heavel..is a row of loops fastened to a spline, serving to lift or heave every thread of warp. 1851 Farmer's Mag. Apr. 361/2 I was informed that the work which was best paid in connection with the weaving trade was that called the ‘havel work’, which consists in preparing the havel for the weaver. 1851 in Illustr. London News (1854) 5 Aug. 118 (Occupations of the people) Havel and heald maker. 1855 E. W. Cox Rep. Cases Criminal Law 6 200 Every thread of the thrum is put through an eye in the ‘hevel’ or tool, which has the effect of keeping them separate. 1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. Hevel, the heddle or loop in the harness..through which the thread or end of the warp passes; consequently each thread must have its own separate hevel. In other districts this loop is called the eye of the heald. 1895 W. Rye Gloss. Words E. Anglia Havel and Slaie, parts of the fittings of a weaver's loom. 1985 N. Evans East Anglian Linen Industry ii. 33 In several cases slay and heavel-making appears to have been a subsidiary occupation for barbers. Compounds † heavel-thread n. [compare Middle Dutch heveldraet thrum (Dutch heveldraad heddle), and also Middle Low German (in late sources) hēvelgārn] Obsolete a looped cord that forms a heddle; (more generally) a (type of) thread or cord. ΚΠ OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Vitell.) (1984) clxxxiii. 228 Genim þonne þone wyrttruman..& gewrið to anum hefelþræde & ahoh to ðinum swyran. OE Ælfric Old Test. Summary: Judges (Laud) xvi. 9 in S. J. Crawford Old Eng. Version of Heptateuch (1922) 412 Ða tobræc he sona þa rapas swa swa hefelþrædas [L. filum de stuppae tortum putamine]. c1225 Worcester Glosses to Old Eng. Homilies in Anglia (1928) 52 24 Hefelþrædas : heuelþredes. a1300 Glosses to De Nominibus Utensilium of Alexander Neckam (Caius 136) in T. Hunt Teaching & Learning in 13th-cent. Eng. (1991) II. 73 Licia : hevelyredes [read hevelþredes; c1300 Linc. 132 filys, anglice evedles]. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.eOE
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