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单词 heifer
释义

heifern.

Brit. /ˈhɛfə/, U.S. /ˈhɛfər/
Forms: α. Old English heahfore, heafor, heahfru, Middle English hayfre, (? heyffer), Middle English heyfre, hayfare, ( hawgher), Middle English–1500s heyghfer, 1500s heighfer, hayfer, hayfarre, heyffer, heyfar, haifer, haifir, hafir, 1500s–1700s heyfer, (Middle English yhefre), 1600s heifar, 1500s– heifer. β. Middle English hekfore, hekfere, hekefeer, hefker, 1500s heffeker, effker, hec(k)fare, hec(k)forde, hec(k)forthe, hec(k)furthe, hek-, heke-, heckefar, 1600s heckfer, heicfar, 1800s dialect heifker. γ. Middle English heffre, 1500s heffour, effer, heffarth, hefforth.
Etymology: Old English heahfore (probably héahfore), heahfru, -fre, of obscure etymology; not found outside English. As to the form, héahfore might perhaps mean ‘high-farer’, i.e. high-goer or high-stepper (-fŏre unstressed form of -fare, feminine of -fara, < faran to fare, go). But the applicability of such a name is not apparent; and the form héahfru, -fre, remains without satisfactory explanation. The difficulties of form and sense are increased by connecting, as some suggest, -fare, -fru, with Old English fearr, Old High German far(r, farro bull.
a. A young cow, spec. one that is over one year of age but has not yet calved (or, in some areas, that has not calved more than once).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > cow > [noun] > young or heifer
cow-calfa800
heiferc900
quey1301
queyock1411
genice1480
quey calfa1500
mull1655
stot1677
α.
c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) iv. iv. 272 In Scyttisc genemned Inisbofinde, þæt is ealond hwitre heahfore.
c1000 Ælfric Leviticus iii. 1 Bringe unwemme fear oþþe heafre.
c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 120/29 Annicula, uel vaccula, heahfore.
c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 120/35 Altilium, fæt heahfore.
c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 274/20 Antile, heahfru.
a1327 in Pol. Songs (Camden) 239 With lowe lacede shon Of an hayfre hude.
1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. IV. 451 An hoyffer [? heyffer; v.rr. heyfre, heffre]..enyed a lomb [L. vitula agnum peperit].
14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 624/14 Hayfare, iuuenca.
1446 in E. Hobhouse Church-wardens' Accts. (1890) 85 It. of J. Meke vor a yhefyr..iij s.
1480 Table Prouffytable Lernynge (Caxton) (1964) 9 Flessh of moton or of lambe Of an hawgher or of a calfe.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Heb. ix. 13 The asshes off an heyfer.
1547 Will of John Plume (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/31) f. 314 A blake bulloke otherwyse called a Hayfer.
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. i. f. 4 Shiepe, heyghfers, and such other of bothe kindes.
1560 Bible (Geneva) Deut. xxi. 4 Let the Elders of that citie bring the heifer vnto a stonie valley.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 129v Oxen, Kine, and Hayfarres.
1587 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1878) iii. i. ii. 2 For the steere and heighfer.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 146 Four fair Heifars yet in Yoke untry'd. View more context for this quotation
1767 A. Young Farmer's Lett. 232 Two steers, or heifers, may be kept and fatted in the place of one cow.
1863 P. Barry Dockyard Econ. 121 The Greek philosophers sat on their stools chewing the facts in much the same fashion as heifers chew their grass.
β. 1407 in W. Kennett Parochial Antiq. (1818) II. 212 De debili vitulo cujusdam hekfore vendito.c1425 Bk. Found. St. Bartholomew's (1923) 41 A yonge hefker alone leuyng, Lay yn thryssheholde.c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 234/1 Hekfere, beeste..juvenca.1510 Will of John Parker (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/16) f. 293v Yong nete callid Heffekers.1529 Acc. Metyngham Coll. (BL Add. 27404) For xx kien and for xx heckforthes.1570 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 156 One blacke heckforde of two yeares age.1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Civ/1 Heckfare, bucula.1573 Will of Robert Gibson (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/55) f. 84 To Mary Pye, one heck~furthe.1583 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Deuteronomie cxx Take a young Hekfar from the droue.1606 in A. R. Maddison Lincs. Wills, 1600–1617 (1891) 23 To my sister Harrington one Heckfer.a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Heifker, a heifer. This is the pronunciation of the word, whatever may be its orthography.γ. 1387Heffre [see α. ]. 1525 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1884) V. 210 A heffour in calf.1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum at Yonge Yonge cowe or heffarth, iunix.
b. to plough with one's heifer: derived from the story of Samson (Judges xiv. 18).
c. figurative. Wife.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > married person > married woman > [noun] > wife
wifeeOE
womanc1275
peerc1330
spousessc1384
ladyc1390
good lady1502
girl?a1513
spousage1513
little lady1523
the weaker vessel1526
companion1535
wedlock1566
Mrs1572
dame1574
rib?1590
feme1595
fathom1602
feme covert1602
shrew1606
wife of one's bosom1611
kickie-wickiea1616
heifer1616
sposa1624
bosom-partner1633
goodwife1654
little woman1715
squaw1767
the Mrs1821
missus1823
maw1826
lady wife1840
tart1864
mistress1873
mama1916
ball and chain1921
trouble and strife1929
old boot1958
1616 B. Jonson Epicœne ii. v, in Wks. I. 549 Her, whom I shall choose for my heicfar . View more context for this quotation
d. A woman, a girl. depreciative slang.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > person > woman > [noun]
wifeeOE
womaneOE
womanOE
queanOE
brideOE
viragoc1000
to wifeOE
burdc1225
ladyc1225
carlinec1375
stotc1386
marec1387
pigsneyc1390
fellowa1393
piecec1400
femalea1425
goddessa1450
fairc1450
womankindc1450
fellowessa1500
femininea1513
tega1529
sister?1532
minikinc1540
wyec1540
placket1547
pig's eye1553
hen?1555
ware1558
pussy?a1560
jade1560
feme1566
gentlewoman1567
mort1567
pinnacea1568
jug1569
rowen1575
tarleather1575
mumps1576
skirt1578
piga1586
rib?1590
puppy1592
smock1592
maness1594
sloy1596
Madonna1602
moll1604
periwinkle1604
Partlet1607
rib of man1609
womanship?1609
modicum1611
Gypsy1612
petticoata1616
runniona1616
birda1627
lucky1629
she-man1640
her1646
lost rib1647
uptails1671
cow1696
tittup1696
cummer17..
wife1702
she-woman1703
person1704
molly1706
fusby1707
goody1708
riding hood1718
birdie1720
faggot1722
piece of goods1727
woman body1771
she-male1776
biddy1785
bitch1785
covess1789
gin1790
pintail1792
buer1807
femme1814
bibi1816
Judy1819
a bit (also bundle) of muslin1823
wifie1823
craft1829
shickster?1834
heifer1835
mot1837
tit1837
Sitt1838
strap1842
hay-bag1851
bint1855
popsy1855
tart1864
woman's woman1868
to deliver the goods1870
chapess1871
Dona1874
girl1878
ladykind1878
mivvy1881
dudess1883
dudette1883
dudine1883
tid1888
totty1890
tootsy1895
floozy1899
dame1902
jane1906
Tom1906
frail1908
bit of stuff1909
quim1909
babe1911
broad1914
muff1914
manhole1916
number1919
rossie1922
bit1923
man's woman1928
scupper1935
split1935
rye mort1936
totsy1938
leg1939
skinny1941
Richard1950
potato1957
scow1960
wimmin1975
womyn1975
womxn1991
1835 A. B. Longstreet Georgia Scenes 143 He rushed into the Kitchen in a fury. ‘You infernal heifer!’ said he to Aunt Clory.
1853 T. C. Haliburton Sam Slick's Wise Saws II. xii. 282 I have half a mind to marry that heifer, tho' wives are bothersome critters when you have too many of them.
1940 M. Marples Public School Slang 115 Charwomen were satirically known as heifers at Charterhouse.
1964 O. E. Middleton in C. K. Stead N.Z. Short Stories (1966) 2nd Ser. 201 Was that heifer of Blackie's the same one he had a fortnight ago?
1973 Black World Jan. 62/2 That heifer that been trying to get next to my man Lucky since the year one.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
heifer calf n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > cow > [noun] > young or heifer > in its first year
heifer-bud1507
heifer calf1865
1865 H. H. Dixon Field & Fern vii. 140 The brothers only sell a few heifer calves.
heifer yearling n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > cow > [noun] > young or heifer > in its second year
burling1503
heifer yearling1865
1865 H. H. Dixon Field & Fern vii. 133 Deacon Milne bought the heifer yearling.
C2.
heifer-bud n. Obsolete a weaned she-calf of the first year.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > cow > [noun] > young or heifer > in its first year
heifer-bud1507
heifer calf1865
1507 Will of John Walter (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/15) f. 263v Juvencas voc. heffer~buddes.
heifer dust n. slang (a) nonsense (see also quot. 19272); (b) (see quot. 1945).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > absence of meaning > nonsense, rubbish > [noun]
magged talea1387
moonshine1468
trumperyc1485
foolishness1531
trash1542
baggage1545
flim-flam1570
gear1570
rubbisha1576
fiddle-faddle1577
stuff1579
fible-fable1581
balductum1593
pill1608
nonsense1612
skimble-skamble1619
porridge1642
mataeology1656
fiddle-come-faddle1663
apple sauce1672
balderdash1674
flummery1749
slang1762
all my eye1763
diddle-daddle1778
(all) my eye (and) Betty Martin1781
twaddle1782
blancmange1790
fudge1791
twiddle-twaddle1798
bothering1803
fee-faw-fum1811
slip-slop1811
nash-gab1816
flitter-tripe1822
effutiation1823
bladderdash1826
ráiméis1828
fiddlededee1843
pickles1846
rot1846
kelter1847
bosh1850
flummadiddle1850
poppycock1852
Barnum1856
fribble-frabble1859
kibosh1860
skittle1864
cod1866
Collyweston1867
punk1869
slush1869
stupidness1873
bilge-water1878
flapdoodle1878
tommyrot1880
ruck1882
piffle1884
flamdoodle1888
razzmatazz1888
balls1889
pop1890
narrischkeit1892
tosh1892
footle1894
tripe1895
crap1898
bunk1900
junk1906
quatsch1907
bilge1908
B.S.1912
bellywash1913
jazz1913
wash1913
bullshit?1915
kid-stakes1916
hokum1917
bollock1919
bullsh1919
bushwa1920
noise1920
bish-bosh1922
malarkey1923
posh1923
hooey1924
shit1924
heifer dust1927
madam1927
baloney1928
horse feathers1928
phonus-bolonus1929
rhubarb1929
spinach1929
toffeea1930
tomtit1930
hockey1931
phoney baloney1933
moody1934
cockalorum1936
cock1937
mess1937
waffle1937
berley1941
bull dust1943
crud1943
globaloney1943
hubba-hubba1944
pish1944
phooey1946
asswipe1947
chickenshit1947
slag1948
batshit1950
goop1950
slop1952
cack1954
doo-doo1954
cobbler1955
horse shit1955
nyamps1955
pony1956
horse manure1957
waffling1958
bird shit1959
codswallop1959
how's your father1959
dog shit1963
cods1965
shmegegge1968
pucky1970
taradiddle1970
mouthwash1971
wank1974
gobshite1977
mince1985
toss1990
arse1993
1927 ‘J. Barbican’ Confessions Rum-runner xxiii. 256 Even if they do get pinched, they always have some heifer dust ready about laying a trap for a ship.
1927 Dial. Notes 5 449 Heifer dust act, the, an arrest and cross-questioning by the police.
1941 S. J. Baker Pop. Dict. Austral. Slang 35 Heifer dust, nonsense.
1945 S. J. Baker Austral. Lang. vi. 123 Other Australianisms for girls or young women include:..a bit of heifer dust.
heifer-paddock n. Australian slang a girls' school.
ΚΠ
1885 R. C. Praed Austral. Life ii. 50 Next year I shall look over a heifer-paddock in Sydney, and take my pick.

Derivatives

ˈheiferhood n. the state or age of a heifer.
ΚΠ
1886 All Year Round 14 Aug. 36 The cows never get a run after they have once grown out of heiferhood.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online December 2020).
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