† hardimentn.

Forms: late Middle English hardement, late Middle English hardyment, late Middle English–1800s hardiment; Scottish pre-1700 hardyment.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French hardiement.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman hardiement, Anglo-Norman and Middle French hardement, hardiment boldness, courage (c1100 in Old French), daring exploit (early 13th cent. or earlier) < hardi hardy adj. + -ment -ment suffix. Compare Old Occitan ardiment.

Obsolete (archaic in later use).

1. The quality or fact of being bold or courageous; audacity.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > courage > daring > [noun]

derfshipa1225

boldheada1250

derayc1300

daringc1374

hardinessc1380

hardimenta1413

enterprisec1450

felony1485

boldness1489

adventurousness1530

derfnessc1540

hardihead1579

hardihood1594

dare1595

adventurement1598

audaciousness1601

daringness1622

adventuresomeness1731

a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) iv. l. 533 Artow in Troye and hast noon hardiment To take a womman which þat loueth þe.

c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 189 (MED) I wot neuere how thou hast take hardement to turne ayen to me.

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 153 He tynt all hardyment, For feir he chaingit hew.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. vii. sig. Ii2^v Yet had he not the hart, nor hardiment, As vnto her to vtter his desire.

1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne vi. xxxiv. 100 Our foes fierce courage, strength and hardiment.

a1641 T. Heywood & W. Rowley Fortune by Land & Sea (1655) iv. 33 Now valiant mates you have maintained this fight with courage and with woonted hardiment.

1692 E. Walker tr. Epictetus Enchiridion xxxiv. 53 Like wanton Boys..Who sometimes Pipers, Wrestlers, represent, Or with tough Cudgel try their hardiment.

1780 Polit. Mag. May 363/1 Deeds of bold hardiment are now retold; and each vain glorious boaster is hero of the frequent tale.

1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. vii. 203 This brunt of hostile hardiment severe.

1807 W. Wordsworth Poems I. 149 Vanguard of Liberty, ye men of Kent..Now is the time to prove your hardiment!

1882 G. H. Calvert Life, Death & Other Poems 20 Pages whence the new hardiment Of hero or of thinker rolls Upon us waves of strength and thought.

2. An act of boldness; a daring exploit.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > doing > [noun] > an act or deed > exceptional or remarkable

adventurec1300

bearinga1387

feata1400

hardiment1487

facta1525

derring-do1579

achievement1583

adventry1616

coup d'éclat1668

exploit1725

venture1810

stunt1892

a hard act to follow1942

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xii. 509 Mony ane hardyment douchtely Wes thair eschewit full hardely.

1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 i. iii. 100 He did confound the best part of an houre, In changing hardiment with great Glendower.

1601 J. Weever Mirror of Martyrs sig. Cvj Tis often seen, ill-pleasing accidents Proceed from rage and hare-braind hardiments.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) v. v. 169 Like hardiment Posthumus hath to Cymbeline perform'd.

1759 W. Hawkins Cymbeline v. 76 Saving the manly hardiments of war, There's nought on earth desirable.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	hardiment
释义	† hardimentn. Forms: late Middle English hardement, late Middle English hardyment, late Middle English–1800s hardiment; Scottish pre-1700 hardyment. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French hardiement. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman hardiement, Anglo-Norman and Middle French hardement, hardiment boldness, courage (c1100 in Old French), daring exploit (early 13th cent. or earlier) < hardi hardy adj. + -ment -ment suffix. Compare Old Occitan ardiment. Obsolete (archaic in later use). 1. The quality or fact of being bold or courageous; audacity. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > courage > daring > [noun] derfshipa1225 boldheada1250 derayc1300 daringc1374 hardinessc1380 hardimenta1413 enterprisec1450 felony1485 boldness1489 adventurousness1530 derfnessc1540 hardihead1579 hardihood1594 dare1595 adventurement1598 audaciousness1601 daringness1622 adventuresomeness1731 a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) iv. l. 533 Artow in Troye and hast noon hardiment To take a womman which þat loueth þe. c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 189 (MED) I wot neuere how thou hast take hardement to turne ayen to me. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 153 He tynt all hardyment, For feir he chaingit hew. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. vii. sig. Ii2^v Yet had he not the hart, nor hardiment, As vnto her to vtter his desire. 1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne vi. xxxiv. 100 Our foes fierce courage, strength and hardiment. a1641 T. Heywood & W. Rowley Fortune by Land & Sea (1655) iv. 33 Now valiant mates you have maintained this fight with courage and with woonted hardiment. 1692 E. Walker tr. Epictetus Enchiridion xxxiv. 53 Like wanton Boys..Who sometimes Pipers, Wrestlers, represent, Or with tough Cudgel try their hardiment. 1780 Polit. Mag. May 363/1 Deeds of bold hardiment are now retold; and each vain glorious boaster is hero of the frequent tale. 1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. vii. 203 This brunt of hostile hardiment severe. 1807 W. Wordsworth Poems I. 149 Vanguard of Liberty, ye men of Kent..Now is the time to prove your hardiment! 1882 G. H. Calvert Life, Death & Other Poems 20 Pages whence the new hardiment Of hero or of thinker rolls Upon us waves of strength and thought. 2. An act of boldness; a daring exploit. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > doing > [noun] > an act or deed > exceptional or remarkable adventurec1300 bearinga1387 feata1400 hardiment1487 facta1525 derring-do1579 achievement1583 adventry1616 coup d'éclat1668 exploit1725 venture1810 stunt1892 a hard act to follow1942 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xii. 509 Mony ane hardyment douchtely Wes thair eschewit full hardely. 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 i. iii. 100 He did confound the best part of an houre, In changing hardiment with great Glendower. View more context for this quotation 1601 J. Weever Mirror of Martyrs sig. Cvj Tis often seen, ill-pleasing accidents Proceed from rage and hare-braind hardiments. a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) v. v. 169 Like hardiment Posthumus hath to Cymbeline perform'd. View more context for this quotation 1759 W. Hawkins Cymbeline v. 76 Saving the manly hardiments of war, There's nought on earth desirable. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.a1413
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