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单词 having
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havingn.

Brit. /ˈhavɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈhævɪŋ/
Forms: see have v. and -ing suffix1; also early Old English hæbbenga (dative), Middle English habbeinge.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: have v., -ing suffix1.
Etymology: < have v. + -ing suffix1. Compare Middle Dutch hebbinge the fact of possessing, possessions (Dutch hebbing ), Middle Low German hebbinge possessions, behaviour, Old High German habunge act of holding, keeping or possessing (Middle High German habunge ; early modern German habung , rare). Compare have n. With sense 4 compare behaving n.In quot. eOE at sense 1 rendering post-classical Latin conibentia , variant of coniventia connivance n.; the ultimate source of the gloss is Aldhelm De laude virginitatis 37. However, the word appears to have been mistaken by the glossator for a form of (rare) post-classical Latin cohibentia cohibency n., and the rendering probably reflects at least in part the etymological connection between cohibentia and classical Latin habēre (compare discussion at have v.).
1. Apparently: constraint, restraint. Obsolete. rare.Only in Old English.See discussion in etymology section.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > [noun]
havingeOE
holdc1230
withholdingc1386
restrainingc1390
refraininga1398
repression?a1425
repressing1431
bridlingc1443
restraint1443
restrainc1449
repressurec1487
restingc1503
abstention1521
controlling1523
controlment1525
distrain1531
staying1563
control1564
refrain1568
retention1578
check1579
restrainment1579
refranation1583
cohibition1586
withholdment1640
curbing1661
coercion1827
chastenment1882
detent1907
clamp-down1940
eOE Cleopatra Gloss. in J. J. Quinn Minor Lat.-Old Eng. Glossaries in MS Cotton Cleopatra A.III (Ph.D. diss., Stanford Univ.) (1956) 137 [Simulata matrimonii] conibentia, hæbbenga.
2. In singular and plural. That which a person has; one's possessions, belongings, property, or wealth. Frequently with possessive pronoun. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > possessions > [noun]
goodeOE
auchtOE
havingc1350
facultya1382
substancea1382
propertya1393
haviourc1400
suffisantee1436
aversc1440
propriety1442
livinga1450
goodess1523
gear1535
prog1727
c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) lxxvii. 53 (MED) He ȝaf her meres to hail and her habbeinges [v.r. possessions; L. possessionem] to fur.
a1400 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 68 (MED) Litel and pouere is myn hauing.
c1450 (?a1370) Wynnere & Wastoure (1990) l. 323 The more hauande þat he hathe the more of hert feble.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xviii. 215 For nothyng Thi neghburs goodys yerne wrongwysly, His house, his rent, ne his hafyng.
a1652 R. Brome Novella i. ii. sig. Iv, in Five New Playes (1653) Looke to my house and havings; keepe all safe.
1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 426 Meannesse of Birth, or slender Havings, cheapen the richest Abilities.
1715 J. Chappelow Right Way to be Rich 100 Never think to live of your own Havings.
1846 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters II. 80 Neither imagination..nor industry, nor sensibility, nor energy, nor any other good having.
1875 Ld. Tennyson Queen Mary ii. ii. 80 Your havings wasted by the scythe and spade.
1922 E. H. Hickey Devotional Poems 41 We who grovel, seeking, searching..Soiled possessions, worthless havings.
3. The action or fact of having something (in various senses); esp. possession.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > [noun]
holda1100
havea1200
possession?a1380
ight1390
havingc1400
haviourc1400
possessingc1450
fee-simple1463
possessorship1830
c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 450 (MED) Alle þat may þerinne aryue Of alle þe reme is quen oþer kyng, And neuer oþer ȝet schal depryue, Bot vchon fayn of oþerez hafyng.
c1443 R. Pecock Reule of Crysten Religioun (1927) 149 (MED) Þat þey schulen not be deprived from ful consecucioun and having of þis souereyn good aftir þis lijf.
a1500 (?c1378) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 412 (MED) Þey passen crist in taking of worldly lordchipis and hauyng of erþely tresour.
a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 198 (MED) This riȝtwys lyffynge..þei ladde to-geder in trewe wedlok by the space of xx yere withoute hauynge and procreacion of eny childe.
1579 W. Fulke Confut. Treat. N. Sander in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne 679 He would not consent to the idolatrous hauing of images.
1644 J. Bulwer Chirologia 65 The covetous desire of goods and the thirst of having.
1678 S. Butler Hudibras: Third Pt. iii. i. 43 Finds all his Having, and his Holding, Reduc'd t'Eternal Noise, and Scolding.
a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 197 His fear of the danger the King was in by the Duke's having of guards.
1762 Ld. Kames Elements Crit. I. ii. 52 If such a picture be exposed to sale, desire of having or possessing is the natural consequence.
1863 Littell's Living Age 24 Oct. 171/1 The few companions of that time..were all hard-headed men like myself, and much occupied with having and holding.
1881 Act 44 & 45 Victoria c. 5 §2 Regulations under which the carrying or having of arms or ammunition is authorised.
1933 D. Thomas Let. 15 Apr. (1987) 115 The composition of my own letter and—best of all—the having of yours, has become the greatest event of the week.
1972 Philosophy 47 176 He is talking about understanding as opposed to the mere having of ideas.
2002 J. McGahern That they may face Rising Sun (2003) 144 He hasn't a great deal of use for money. It's just the having of it that gives him pleasure.
4. In plural (now only in form ha(i)vins (
Brit. /ˈheɪvɪnz/
,
U.S. /ˈheɪvᵻnz/
,
Scottish English /ˈhevɪnz/
)) or (in early use) singular. Behaviour, manners; demeanour, deportment. Cf. have v. 26. Scottish after Middle English.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > [noun] > demeanour or bearing
i-bereOE
i-letelOE
lundc1175
semblanta1240
countenancec1290
fare1297
porturec1300
bearinga1325
portc1330
abearc1350
demeaning14..
habit1413
apporta1423
havingsa1425
maintenance?c1436
demeanc1450
maintain?1473
deport1474
maintaining1477
demeanance1486
affair1487
containing1487
behaviour1490
representation1490
haviour?1504
demeanour1509
miena1522
function1578
amenance1590
comportance1590
portance1590
purport1590
manage1593
style1596
dispose1601
deportments1603
comportment1605
garb1605
aira1616
deportment1638
comport1660
tour1702
sway1753
disport1761
maintien1814
tenue1828
portment1833
allure1841
a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) l. 1520 (MED) Gret outrage we se..In worldis havyng and beryng.
1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) vii. 135 Ye king..Persawyt weill be yar hawing [1487 St. John's Cambr. awyng] Yat yai luffyt him na-thing.
a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 41 Þe wykkyd & wondyrfull hauyngys & beringes of men.
?1553 (c1501) G. Douglas Palice of Honour (London) ii. l. 1158 in Shorter Poems (1967) 74 The mery spech, fare hauingys [1579 Edinb. hauingis], hie renoun Of thaym.
1789 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 472 Ye may hae some pretence, To havins and sense.
1824 W. Scott Redgauntlet I. xii. 289 Bye and attour her gentle havings.
1873 D. Gilmour Reminisc. Pen Folk (ed. 2) 29 A rebuke from the mothers for our want of havens would calm us down.
1932 Aberdeen Press & Jrnl. 13 Apr. Fat a sin o' his fa wis some sully hid files te thole for his ill haivins.
1952 Scots Mag. Jan. 312 Ae thing I'se warrant—he's nae manners. The ploo-stocks—that's whaur he got his havins.
1983 W. L. Lorimer & R. L. C. Lorimer New Test. in Scots Titus ii. 368 The aulder weimen maun be tauld at their haivins maun be sic as sets servans o God; they maunna be ill-caaers, or slaves o the drink.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

havingadj.

Brit. /ˈhavɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈhævɪŋ/
Forms: see have v. and -ing suffix2.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: have v., -ing suffix2.
Etymology: < have v. + -ing suffix2.
1.
a. That has or possesses something. In Old English in æt hæbbendre handa (Law) lit. ‘with possessing hand’, i.e. having stolen goods in the hand, in possession of stolen property (cf. hand-habend adj.). Obsolete.Quot. lOE is a late copy of a 7th-cent. legal code.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > [adjective] > possessing
havingOE
replenished1483
possessing1567
possident1625
possessive1838
OE Laws of Æðelstan (Otho) ii. i. 150 An ærest þæt mon ne sparige nanne þeof þe æt hæbbendre handa [lOE Rochester æt hæbbendre honda, lOE Corpus Cambr. 383 æt hæbbendre hand] gefangen sie.
lOE Laws of Wihtræd (Rochester) xxvi. 14 Gif man frigne man æt hæbbendre handa gefo, þanne..oððe hine man cwelle oþþe ofer sæ selle.
1483 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 89074) (1881) 178/2 Havynge, habens, possidens.
b. That has plenty of something, esp. money or material possessions; wealthy.
ΚΠ
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 28943 Til him þat has bene Hauand..And falles in-to state o nede.
1928 D. H. Lawrence in E. Rickword Scrutinies I. v. 61 Every single character is determined by money... Utterly lacking it are all the charwomen and squalid poor who form the background—the shadows of the ‘having’ ones.
1958 Rep. 5th National Conf. Internat. Econ. & Social Devel. 33 This makes us a ‘having’ nation besieged by jealousies, misunderstanding, and yearnings of the 94% of the world that ‘have not.’
2002 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 24 Nov. iv. 4/2 Members of the having classes simply put their sons down at birth for Groton or Eton.
2. Showing or characterized by excessive desire for having or retaining possessions; miserly, covetous; greedy, acquisitive. Now rare (chiefly English regional in later use).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > inordinate or excessive desire > [adjective] > inordinately desirous of possessions
greedya1000
overgreedyOE
avarous1303
covetous1340
concupiscible1398
avaricious1474
silver-sick?a1500
lucrous1511
having1528
lucrative1549
concupiscentious1555
holding1569
griping?1573
concupiscential1577
over-havinga1600
gripulous1614
ingordigious1637
concupitive1651
appropriative1655
lucripetous1675
coveting1699
grasping1747
concupiscenta1834
acquisitive1846
pleonectic1858
big-eye1868
wanting1876
possessive1889
grabby1910
gold-digging1925
territorial1966
1528 R. Copland tr. Secrete of Secretes of Arystotle sig. B.ii There is a kynge yt is lyberall to hym selfe & hauyng to his subgectes. The ytalyens say yt it is no vyce to a kynge yt is hauynge [It. avarus] to hym selfe, & lyberal to his subgectes.
1591 R. Greene Notable Discouery of Coosenage f. 2v To be of a hauing and couetous humor.
1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue ii. 213 To a having mind, all is too little.
1673 E. Hickeringill Gregory 102 We are a trading, covetous, having, worldly-minded people.
1860 ‘G. Eliot’ Mill on Floss I. i. vi. 71 She's as jealous and having as can be.
1892 E. Lawless Grania II. ii. 91 A..spending, having brood they are.
1921 J. Galsworthy To Let x. 217 We think she's got rather a ‘having’ nature.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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n.eOEadj.OE
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