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单词 recommand
释义

† recommandv.1

Forms: Middle English recomand, Middle English recomande, Middle English recomaund, Middle English recomaunde, Middle English recomawnd, Middle English recomounde, Middle English recumaund, Middle English recumaunde, Middle English recummaund, Middle English rekomaunde, Middle English–1500s recommande, Middle English–1500s recommaunde, Middle English–1600s recommaund, late Middle English recommaumde (transmission error), late Middle English recomnaunde (transmission error), 1500s recowmawnd, 1500s–1700s recommand.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French recomander.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman recomander, recomaunder, recumander, Anglo-Norman and Middle French recommander (also recommender , etc.) (French recommander ) to recommend (something) (a1178 in Old French; second half of the 10th cent. in an isolated attestation in sense ‘to hand (a person) over’), to commit (a person) to another person's care (late 13th cent.), to commend (oneself) to the benevolent remembrance or regard of another (1342), to commend (a soul) to God or his protection (c1347), to convey the regards (of a person) to another (1364), (of a quality or action) to procure a favourable reception for a person (c1370), to entrust (a thing, a task) to someone (1401) < re- re- prefix + commander to command or commend (see command v.). Compare Old Occitan recommandar (1392), Catalan recomanar (14th cent.), Italian raccomandare (13th cent.). Compare recommend v.1With the relationship between recommand v.1 and recommend v.1 compare discussion at command v. and commend v.
Obsolete.
1.
a. transitive. To commend to (also unto) God or his protection; = recommend v.1 2c. Also reflexive.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > hope > confident hope, trust > trust in, rely on [verb (transitive)] > entrust to another
recommandc1380
putc1390
recommendc1405
lippenc1480
rely1585
recommit1658
society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > soul > [verb (transitive)] > commit to God
recommandc1380
recommend1418
recommit?1521
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > recommendation > recommend [verb (transitive)] > mention in order to excite kindly remembrance
recommandc1380
recommend1448
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 256 (MED) He..blessed him þan & recomaundedem to god almiȝte.
1413 in F. A. Page-Turner Bedfordshire Wills (1914) 16 (MED) I..recommande me..to þe grace and to þe grete mercye of þe blyssfull Trinite.
1490 Arte & Crafte to knowe well to Dye (Caxton) 9 [I] recommaunde at thys tyme my spyryte in to thy handes.
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) l. 169 I recommaunde thee to ye kepinge of our lorde god.
?a1518 Ualentyne & Orson (?1565) sig. Hiiv When Ualentine sawe that he was wounded.., he recommaunded him vnto God and vnto they glorious virgin Mary.
1783 H. Fielding in Wks. V. iv. xi.180 The chief..took a very civil leave, recommanding me to the care of heaven.
b. transitive. To commend in prayer. Also intransitive: to pray for (a person or thing). rare.
ΚΠ
1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 31 Ye comoun belleman schal..recomandyn al ye brethere soules and systeres of ye gilde be name, and alle crystene soules.
1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 37 (MED) Alle þe bretherin and sistrin..han recomoundid in here mynde þe stat of holi Chirche, and for pes and vnite in þe lond, and for alle þe bretheren soules.
c. transitive. To commit (a person or oneself) to a person or thing, or a person's care, etc.; = recommend v.1 2b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > care for, protect, or have charge of [verb (transitive)] > commit to care or custody of another > specifically a person
bequeathc1225
commendc1386
recommandc1391
commanda1400
recommendc1405
remit?a1425
c1391 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Bodl. 294) Prol. l. 29* (MED) So ferforth I me recomande To him which al me may comande.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 180 Custaunce youre child hir recomaundeth [v.rr. recomandeþ, recommandeþ] ofte Vn to youre grace.
a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Corpus Cambr. 61) (1895) v. l. 1414 Fareth wel..And to yowre trouth ay I me recomande.
?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 33 (MED) Þai take lefe at þe mounkes and recomaundes þam specially to þer praiers.
a1500 in N. Davis Non-Cycle Plays & Fragm. (1970) 123 (MED) We recomaunde vs ryght Plesantly to ȝour persones.
1662 J. Dauncey Eng. Lovers i. i. 13 He sent me thither, recommanding me to Signor Alonzo Schiarra, an ancient Nobleman of that City.
1759 T. Smollett Hist. Eng. (ed. 2) VIII. 226 He delivered to them a letter from his majesty, recommanding to their care and humanity his poor catholic subjects.
d. transitive. To entrust (a thing) to (also unto) a person or thing, or a person's care, etc.; = recommend v.1 2a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > care for, protect, or have charge of [verb (transitive)] > commit to care or custody of another
givea1000
beteachc1000
teachc1000
betake1297
trust1340
bekena1375
commenda1382
putc1390
recommanda1393
commitc1405
recommendc1405
resignc1425
allot1473
commise1474
commanda1500
consign1528
in charge (of)1548
credit1559
incommend1574
entrusta1586
aret1590
be-giftc1590
concredit1593
betrust1619
concrede1643
subcommit1681
to farm out1786
confide1861
fide1863
doorstep1945
to foster out1960
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vi. 949 (MED) To youre avis, Min holi fader..I recomande myn astat.
c1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Vesp. B.xii) (1904) 3 (MED) I..am me auntred to make this..book, which I recomaund and submytte to yowre..correccioun.
a1475 (a1450) J. Shirley tr. Secreta Secret. (BL Add.) (1977) 279 (MED) I recomnaunde [read recommaunde] to the, Alexandre, this secrete principally.
c1500 Melusine (1895) 191 To these two knightes Raymondyn & Melusyne had recommanded the estate of theire two sones.
1641 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. F. Biondi Hist. Civil Warres Eng. I. v. 168 His ships went into the haven at Callais, bearing a long with them those to whose charge they [sc. the ships] were recommanded.
2.
a. transitive. To commend (a person) to another; to convey the regards (of somebody) to another. Also with unto. Cf. recommend v.1 3b.Frequently used in greetings, farewells, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > commend or praise [verb (transitive)]
heryc735
mickleeOE
loveOE
praise?c1225
upraisea1300
alosec1300
commenda1340
allow1340
laud1377
lose1377
avauntc1380
magnifya1382
enhancea1400
roosea1400
recommendc1400
recommanda1413
to bear up?a1425
exalt1430
to say well (also evil, ill, etc.) of (also by)1445
laudifyc1470
gloryc1475
advance1483
to bear out1485
prizec1485
to be or to have in laudationa1500
joya1500
extol1509
collaud1512
concend?1521
solemnize?1521
celebrate1522
stellify1523
to set up1535
well-word1547
predicate1552
glorify1557
to set forth1565
admire1566
to be up with1592
voice1594
magnificate1598
plaud1598
concelebrate1599
encomionize1599
to con laud1602
applauda1616
panegyrize1617
acclamate1624
to set offa1625
acclaim1626
raise1645
complement1649
encomiate1651
voguec1661
phrase1675
to set out1688
Alexander1700
talk1723
panegyricize1777
bemouth1799
eulogizea1810
rhapsodize1819
crack up1829
rhapsody1847
a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1881) i. l. 1056 God yelde þe..and þis yn special..þat þo me recomaunde [c1460 Harl. 1239 recommaunde] To here.
c1456 (a1449) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1911) i. 18 (MED) Go, lytel pistel, and recomande me Vn-to my ladye which cleped is Cybille.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 141 Recommaunde me unto my lady the quene.
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) cxlvi. 547 When he saw that I wold depart thence to come into this countre, he humbly prayed me to recommaunde hym to you.
1595 A. Munday tr. First Bk. Primaleon xxii. 188 He recommanded the Merchant vnto her who brought him out of England, vpon whom afterwards for his sake she bestowed many great fauours.
1625 G. Mason Grammaire Angloise 104 My father hath him recommaunded vnto you, and sendeth you his ring for a token.
b. transitive (reflexive). To commend oneself to (also unto) the benevolent remembrance or regard of another. Also intransitive. Cf. recommend v.1 3a.Frequently used in letters.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > use courteous actions or expressions to [verb (transitive)] > greet or salute > send remembrances
commanda1400
recommand1416
recommendc1430
commend1463
remember1533
1416 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. I. 51 (MED) Sovereyn Lord..I recomande me to youre roial Majeste.
1425 W. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 4 Right worthy and worshepefull ser, I recomaunde [me] to yow.
1455 Rolls of Parl. V. 280/2 Right Reverend Fader in God..We recommaunde us unto you.
?a1500 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 50 I recummaund me to you and thank yow of youre grete laboure.
1522 E. Betts Let. in B. Cusack Everyday Eng. 1500–1700 (1998) 229 My husband Recommandeth hym to master Cokworthy and to you and so doo I.
1681 tr. in W. Bates Vitæ 34 Souereyn Lord as your humble Prest and devout Bedeman, I recommand me to your Higness.
c. intransitive. To give regards to (also unto) (a person).
ΚΠ
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 701 I sende to all knyghtes arraunte, recommaundynge unto you, noble knyghtes of Arthurs courte, that I beseche them..to fynde one knyght, [etc.].
a1500 Sir Degrevant (Cambr.) (1949) l. 893 Recumaunde, for Godys pyne, To my lady and þine.

Derivatives

recommanding n. remembrance, commendation.
ΚΠ
c1450 C. d'Orleans Poems (1941) 210 (MED) Þis wolde y þat ye say Mi recomaundyng in eche lowe manere My lady to as ye best thynke and may.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

recommandv.2

Brit. /ˌriːkəˈmɑːnd/, /ˌriːkəˈmand/, U.S. /ˌrikəˈmænd/
Forms: see re- prefix and command v.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: re- prefix, command v.
Etymology: < re- prefix + command v.
transitive. To command again (in various senses).
ΚΠ
1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1928) xvi. 63 She commaunded her mynstrelles ryght anone to play..She me recommaunded..To daunce true mesures.
1601 T. L. tr. Luis de Granado Flowers I. xiii. f. 82v Commaund, and recommaund; send, and send againe; exspect, and reexspect.
1653 J. Hall Paradoxes 82 So can wee no more recommand them then call back yesterday.
1684 T. Godwyn Phanatical Tenderness 27 He [sc. a prisoner] could not Legally be retaken or recommanded to Prison.
1701 E. Sherburne tr. Seneca Troades iv. i, in tr. Seneca Trag. 310 Thy Hair frightfully staring, recommand To order, by some curious Dressers Hand.
1798 ‘Mrs. Barnby’ Rock II. xxi. 144 On being re-commanded in a sterner tone, they by force tore her from him.
1845 New Englander (New Haven, Connecticut) July 396/2 Though not released till they were beaten and re-commanded not to speak in his name, they went thence rejoicing.
1864 Reader 18 June The great bravura duet..was, of course, recommanded by an irresistible encore.
1951 J. Taylor Devons 23 Part of James' programme was to re-command the army with papist officers.
1987 Washington Post (Nexis) 25 Aug. d1 He does not think all women should rush to re-command the hearth.
2000 AAP Newsfeed (Nexis) 12 June The police commander now re-commands the police station.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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