handbreedn.

Brit.

/ˈhan(d)briːd/, U.S.

/ˈhæn(d)ˌbrid/, Scottish English

/ˈhan(d)brid/

Forms:

α. Old English handbred, Middle English handibreede, Middle English haundebrede, Middle English hondbrede, Middle English hondebrede, Middle English–1500s handbrede, Middle English–1500s handebrede; English regional (chiefly northern) 1800s– handbreed, 1900s– hanbreed; Scottish pre-1700 handbred, pre-1700 1800s– handbreid, 1700s– handbreed, 1900s– haundbreid.

β. Old English–Middle English handebrad, Middle English hondbrood, Middle English–1500s handbrode, 1600s–1700s handbroad, 1800s– handbraed (English regional (Northumberland)); Scottish pre-1700 handbraide, pre-1700 1800s– handbraid, 1700s handbrode.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Frisian hondbrēd , Middle Dutch hantbreet (Dutch handbreed ), Middle Low German handebrēt , hantbrēt , Old High German (in late sources) hantbreita (German Handbreit ) < the Germanic base of hand n. + the Germanic base of brede n.² For a parallel formation in Old English compare handlengu hand's length (compare lengh n.). In β. forms apparently with alteration of the second element after broad adj., broad n.¹; compare Old English brād hand open hand, palm. Some Scots forms could alternatively show reverse spellings of α. forms (reflecting a pronunciation with /eː/) after the merger of the reflexes of long open ē and long ā in some dialects.In Old English the word is very rare, having only two isolated attestations (see quots. OE at α. , OE at β. ), neither of which is entirely secure (see discussion below). It is not to be confused with the more common Old English handbred (strong neuter (a -stem), with short stem vowel in the second element) meaning ‘palm (of the hand), hand’ < the Germanic base of hand n. + the Germanic base of Old Frisian brede (weak feminine; in hondbrede palm, metacarpus), Old High German breta (weak feminine) flat of the hand, palm (perhaps < the same Germanic base as broad adj., with different ablaut grade (zero-grade)). For examples of handbred compare:OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Matt. xxvi. 67 Alii autem palmas in faciem ei dederunt : oðro ðonne hondbreodo in onsione hine saldon.OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xi. 106 Benedictus..his handbredu astrehte wið heofonas weard.OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xiv. 141 Da Iudei..mid anum wæfelse his neb bewundon, sleande mid handbredum.., and heton hine rædan hwa hine hrepode.lOE St. Neot (Vesp.) in R. D.-N. Warner Early Eng. Homilies (1917) 132 On þan ytemesten dæige his handbreden up to heofone astrehte, & mid blisse his gast asende.c1200 ( Latin-Old Eng. Gloss. (Bodl. 730) in Eng. Stud. (1981) 62 206/2 Palma, handbrede. The chief reason for interpreting the form handbred in quot. OE at α. as showing the otherwise unrecorded Old English *handbrǣd is semantic. The word glosses classical Latin palmus in sense ‘width of the palm (as a measure)’; compare the alternative gloss Old English span span n.¹ However, as classical Latin palmus can also have the sense ‘palm of the hand’ (compare palm n.²), the sense here is not entirely certain. In quot. OE at β. the form handebrad has been interpreted as showing a compound (with -e- connective), rather than as two words hande brad (with hande as a variant form of the genitive singular (the usual form being handa ): see discussion at hand n.). However, the latter remains a possible alternative interpretation. The form handibreede at α. forms perhaps results from association with handiwork n., although there is no obvious semantic connection (as in the case of handicraft n.); compare β. forms at handbreadth n.

Now chiefly Scottish and English regional (northern).

= handbreadth n. Sc. National Dict. (at Hand) records the word (in both α and β forms) as still in use in Shetland, Caithness, Banffshire, Angus, Fife, Ayrshire, and Kirkcudbrightshire in 1956.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of length > [noun] > units of length or distance > length or breadth of hand > breadth of hand

handbreedOE

handful1439

handbreadth1530

hand1561

α.

OE Antwerp-London Gloss. (2011) 98 Palmus, span uel handbred.

c1390 Roberd of Cisyle (Vernon) (1930) l. 172 As a fool he schulde be schore Al around..An honde-brede boue eiþer ere.

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Ezek. xl. 43 The brenkis of tho boordis ben of oon handibreede [a1382 E.V. of oo palme].

c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure l. 2229 Hurttes his herne-pane an haunde-brede large.

a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Fox, Wolf, & Cadger l. 2054 in Poems (1981) 79 His toung out hang ane handbreid [1571 Harl. hand braid] off his heid.

1551 W. Turner New Herball sig. Q v^v Twoo handbredes from that place.

1792 R. Burns in J. Johnson Scots Musical Museum IV. 389 Ae limpin leg a hand breed shorter.

1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Hand-breed.

1887 J. Service Life Dr. Duguid 89 I thanked him kindly, and went out from his presence a handbreid heicher in my own estimation.

1900 W. Dickinson & E. W. Prevost Gloss. Dial. Cumberland (rev. ed.) 153/2 Han breed, a hand's breadth [1878 Hand breed].

1983 W. L. Lorimer & R. L. C. Lorimer New Test. in Scots Philipp. ii. 339 He cam ithin a haundbreid o deith for the wark o Christ.

β. OE Vision of Leofric in Rev. Eng. Stud. (2012) 63 550 Wæs swa mycel þæs treowes gesyne swa wolde beon god hande brad beneoþan þam wahrifte.a1400 (?a1350) Seege Troye (Egerton) (1927) l. 1458 (MED) Þe swerd vpon þe sheld glood And share þe hambark an hond brood [a1425 Linc. Inn hande brad].c1475 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Caius) l. 1500 (MED) Vpon the shoulder the swerde glode, Of the hauberk he toke an handbrode.1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 55 A hand brode in heyght.1618 in M. A. Murray Witch-cult in W. Europe (2008) 77 The devill's mark..was lyk ane braid dyn spott, in the inner syd of hir left thie, about ane handbraid under her lisk.a1650 G. Boate Irelands Nat. Hist. (1652) xx. 161 Having covered over the kiln with the same clay, whereof the bricks are made, the thickness of two hand-broads or there-abouts, they set it afire with wood underneath.1729 Trial J. Carnegie 118 He perceived a Nitch in it, some more than a Hand-brode from the Hilt.1873 A. G. Murdoch Lilts on Doric Lyre 93 Pouther up her hair, An' stick her newest kame abun't, A hand-braid high an' mair.1893 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Handbraed.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	handbreed
释义	handbreedn. Brit. /ˈhan(d)briːd/, U.S. /ˈhæn(d)ˌbrid/, Scottish English /ˈhan(d)brid/ Forms: α. Old English handbred, Middle English handibreede, Middle English haundebrede, Middle English hondbrede, Middle English hondebrede, Middle English–1500s handbrede, Middle English–1500s handebrede; English regional (chiefly northern) 1800s– handbreed, 1900s– hanbreed; Scottish pre-1700 handbred, pre-1700 1800s– handbreid, 1700s– handbreed, 1900s– haundbreid. β. Old English–Middle English handebrad, Middle English hondbrood, Middle English–1500s handbrode, 1600s–1700s handbroad, 1800s– handbraed (English regional (Northumberland)); Scottish pre-1700 handbraide, pre-1700 1800s– handbraid, 1700s handbrode. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Frisian hondbrēd , Middle Dutch hantbreet (Dutch handbreed ), Middle Low German handebrēt , hantbrēt , Old High German (in late sources) hantbreita (German Handbreit ) < the Germanic base of hand n. + the Germanic base of brede n.² For a parallel formation in Old English compare handlengu hand's length (compare lengh n.). In β. forms apparently with alteration of the second element after broad adj., broad n.¹; compare Old English brād hand open hand, palm. Some Scots forms could alternatively show reverse spellings of α. forms (reflecting a pronunciation with /eː/) after the merger of the reflexes of long open ē and long ā in some dialects.In Old English the word is very rare, having only two isolated attestations (see quots. OE at α. , OE at β. ), neither of which is entirely secure (see discussion below). It is not to be confused with the more common Old English handbred (strong neuter (a -stem), with short stem vowel in the second element) meaning ‘palm (of the hand), hand’ < the Germanic base of hand n. + the Germanic base of Old Frisian brede (weak feminine; in hondbrede palm, metacarpus), Old High German breta (weak feminine) flat of the hand, palm (perhaps < the same Germanic base as broad adj., with different ablaut grade (zero-grade)). For examples of handbred compare:OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Matt. xxvi. 67 Alii autem palmas in faciem ei dederunt : oðro ðonne hondbreodo in onsione hine saldon.OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xi. 106 Benedictus..his handbredu astrehte wið heofonas weard.OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xiv. 141 Da Iudei..mid anum wæfelse his neb bewundon, sleande mid handbredum.., and heton hine rædan hwa hine hrepode.lOE St. Neot (Vesp.) in R. D.-N. Warner Early Eng. Homilies (1917) 132 On þan ytemesten dæige his handbreden up to heofone astrehte, & mid blisse his gast asende.c1200 ( Latin-Old Eng. Gloss. (Bodl. 730) in Eng. Stud. (1981) 62 206/2 Palma, handbrede. The chief reason for interpreting the form handbred in quot. OE at α. as showing the otherwise unrecorded Old English handbrǣd is semantic. The word glosses classical Latin palmus* in sense ‘width of the palm (as a measure)’; compare the alternative gloss Old English span span n.¹ However, as classical Latin palmus can also have the sense ‘palm of the hand’ (compare palm n.²), the sense here is not entirely certain. In quot. OE at β. the form handebrad has been interpreted as showing a compound (with -e- connective), rather than as two words hande brad (with hande as a variant form of the genitive singular (the usual form being handa ): see discussion at hand n.). However, the latter remains a possible alternative interpretation. The form handibreede at α. forms perhaps results from association with handiwork n., although there is no obvious semantic connection (as in the case of handicraft n.); compare β. forms at handbreadth n. Now chiefly Scottish and English regional (northern). = handbreadth n. Sc. National Dict. (at Hand) records the word (in both α and β forms) as still in use in Shetland, Caithness, Banffshire, Angus, Fife, Ayrshire, and Kirkcudbrightshire in 1956. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of length > [noun] > units of length or distance > length or breadth of hand > breadth of hand handbreedOE handful1439 handbreadth1530 hand1561 α. OE Antwerp-London Gloss. (2011) 98 Palmus, span uel handbred. c1390 Roberd of Cisyle (Vernon) (1930) l. 172 As a fool he schulde be schore Al around..An honde-brede boue eiþer ere. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Ezek. xl. 43 The brenkis of tho boordis ben of oon handibreede [a1382 E.V. of oo palme]. c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure l. 2229 Hurttes his herne-pane an haunde-brede large. a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Fox, Wolf, & Cadger l. 2054 in Poems (1981) 79 His toung out hang ane handbreid [1571 Harl. hand braid] off his heid. 1551 W. Turner New Herball sig. Q v^v Twoo handbredes from that place. 1792 R. Burns in J. Johnson Scots Musical Museum IV. 389 Ae limpin leg a hand breed shorter. 1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Hand-breed. 1887 J. Service Life Dr. Duguid 89 I thanked him kindly, and went out from his presence a handbreid heicher in my own estimation. 1900 W. Dickinson & E. W. Prevost Gloss. Dial. Cumberland (rev. ed.) 153/2 Han breed, a hand's breadth [1878 Hand breed]. 1983 W. L. Lorimer & R. L. C. Lorimer New Test. in Scots Philipp. ii. 339 He cam ithin a haundbreid o deith for the wark o Christ. β. OE Vision of Leofric in Rev. Eng. Stud. (2012) 63 550 Wæs swa mycel þæs treowes gesyne swa wolde beon god hande brad beneoþan þam wahrifte.a1400 (?a1350) Seege Troye (Egerton) (1927) l. 1458 (MED) Þe swerd vpon þe sheld glood And share þe hambark an hond brood [a1425 Linc. Inn hande brad].c1475 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Caius) l. 1500 (MED) Vpon the shoulder the swerde glode, Of the hauberk he toke an handbrode.1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 55 A hand brode in heyght.1618 in M. A. Murray Witch-cult in W. Europe (2008) 77 The devill's mark..was lyk ane braid dyn spott, in the inner syd of hir left thie, about ane handbraid under her lisk.a1650 G. Boate Irelands Nat. Hist. (1652) xx. 161 Having covered over the kiln with the same clay, whereof the bricks are made, the thickness of two hand-broads or there-abouts, they set it afire with wood underneath.1729 Trial J. Carnegie 118 He perceived a Nitch in it, some more than a Hand-brode from the Hilt.1873 A. G. Murdoch Lilts on Doric Lyre 93 Pouther up her hair, An' stick her newest kame abun't, A hand-braid high an' mair.1893 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Handbraed. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.OE
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