half-mann.

Brit.

/ˈhɑːfman/, U.S.

/ˈhæfˌmæn/

Inflections: Plural half-men.

Forms: see half adj. and man n.¹

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: half adj., man n.¹

Etymology: < half adj. + man n.¹ With sense 1a compare early use (from Old English onwards) of the construction half…half… at half adv. Phrases 1 with reference to centaurs and other such mythological beings. With sense 1c compare Old High German halpman eunuch (in late sources; German †Halbmann ). Compare also Middle Dutch half man in a gloss translating classical Latin sēmivir . In quot. 1826 at sense 2 after German †Halbmann trainee sailor on half pay (1825 in the passage translated).

a. A being or creature that is partly human, esp. a mythological creature depicted as part human and part animal. Chiefly with reference to beings from classical mythology, such as centaurs, fauns, or satyrs.Quot. OE translates classical Latin sēmivir in a discussion of its grammatical properties (without specifying the precise sense) and could be interpreted as also showing senses 1b and 1c, as all three senses are attested for the Latin word.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > [noun] > half

half-man1932

OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 27 Semiuir healfmann.

1655 R. Turner tr. Paracelsus Of Supreme Myst. Nature 51 Under the Earth do wander half-men, which possess all temporal things, which they want or are delighted with; they are Vulgarly called Gnomi, or Inhabiters of the Mountains.

1700 G. Booth tr. Diodorus Siculus Hist. Libr. iv. iv. 165 Jupiter turn'd a Cloud into the shape of Juno, with which Ixion gratify'd his Lust, and begat those Half Men, call'd Centaurs.

1820 L. Hunt Indicator No. 26 (1822) I. 206 The other Centaurs..grew frantic with revenge, and a tremendous battle ensued... It is a gigantic hubbub, full of..roarings and tramplings of men and half-men.

1910 G. G. Coulton tr. St. Bernard of Clairvaux in Medieval Garner 72 Those fierce lions, those monstrous centaurs, those half-men, those striped tigers.

2003 Times Educ. Suppl. (Nexis) 14 Feb. 16 A challenging, futuristic fable of war, dictatorship and strange half-men manufactured from a mixture of animals.

b. A man lacking in the qualities, strengths, and virtues considered to be proper in a man, e.g. one who is cowardly, dishonourable, or uncivilized.Quot. OE at sense 1a could also be interpreted as showing this sense (see note at that sense).

ΘΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > ill-treatment > cruelty > [noun] > inhuman > person

beastc1225

inhuman1653

brutal1655

brute1752

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 4378 Þis haluemen [?a1425 Digby vnmyȝthy men, c1450 Cambr. Univ. vnmyghty men] ȝe ssolle winne wel liȝtloker & uor noȝt.

c1440 Prose Life Alexander (Thornton) (1913) 21 (MED) Þou as a littill bisne & a dwerghe, a halfe man & ortez of alle men.

a1529 J. Skelton Why come ye nat to Courte (?1545) sig. Aiv^v The french men he hathe so mated And theyr courage abated That they are but halfe men Lyke foxes in theyr denne Lyke cankerd cowardes all.

1571 T. Fortescue tr. P. Mexia Foreste iii. f. 58^v He had married a wife of small stature, his counsaille hardly chargyng hym, that he mente to leaue the race roiall, of little, thinne, wretched, and impotente bodies, as if thei were but halfe men.

1610 J. Healey tr. St. Augustine Citie of God xix. xii. 767 Calling him..Halfe-man, for his inhumaine barbarisme.

1660 Marquis of Dorchester Let. to Ld. Roos 2 I have fought before now, and I hope never came off with the loss of honour; and must I now be afraid of such a Shadow, such a half-man as you are?

1844 Christian Rev. Mar. 134 It was then the custom to despise these rude tribes, who were destitute of Greek culture, as half-men.

1878 B. O'Reilly True Men as we need Them ix. 175 We have seen many of these young wives entrapped into marriage with such half-men by some strange error of their own heart.

1954 P. H. Johnson Impossible Marriage 299 A lot of half-men who don't wash.

2016 J. Chang Wangs vs. World i. 1 His unclaimed countrymen: the poor, illiterate, ball-scratching half men from Canton and Fujian.

c. A man who is considered not fully male in sexual terms; spec. a eunuch; (also) a hermaphrodite. Now historical.Quot. OE at sense 1a could also be interpreted as showing this sense (see note at that sense).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > infertility > [noun] > castration > person

geldinga1382

eunuchc1430

spadoc1430

chastelinga1570

capon1594

castrate1639

spade1680

wether1724

demi-male1728

androgyne1742

castrato1763

hijra1838

emasculate1886

half-man-

1592 A. Fraunce 3rd Pt. Countesse of Pembrokes Yuychurch f. 49^v Whereas he entred a man,..he turned back but a halfe-man: Eyes, and heart, and hand, and voyce, (but now not a mans voyce) Vp to the heau'ns did he lift, effeminat Hermaphroditus.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xi. xlix. 352 A man hath his cods sometime bruised and broken, either by some extraordinarie accident, or naturally: and such as be thus burst, are counted but halfe men, and of a middle nature betweene Hermaphrodites and guelded persons.

1678 J. Dryden All for Love iv. 56 On, sweet Eunuch; my dear half Man, proceed.

1787 A. Hawkins tr. V. Mignot Hist. Turkish Empire II. 52 An eunuch..still continued in his service. This half-man, sold to the empress, informed her..that Mustapha had a correspondence with the king of Persia.

1894 ‘G. Egerton’ Discords 195 The de-sexualized halfman, with a pride in the absence of sex-feeling, reckoning it as the sublimest virtue to have none.

2002 D. Levy Mossanen Harem xi. 120 The Shah's..finding his pleasure in the arms of the beautiful half-man whom the Bibi Sultana despised.

2. A man or boy who is on half pay. Now historical.

1826 tr. J. Hoene in Foreign Corn: Copy of Instr. to W. Jacob App. 89 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 159) XXI. 311 The expenses of fitting out a Prussian three mast Ship..on a voyage to England for three months, are as follows..: Wages... 6 Sailors..[£]1. 7s each; 5 Ditto (half men) [Ger. 5 Halbmaner]—13s. 6d.

1860 G. J. Williamson Ship's Career 11 I left her to go on board a brig; on whose books I was first placed as half-man, but I soon got the pay of a full man.

1962 G. E. Evans Ask Fellows who cut Hay (ed. 2) xi. 89 A lad who had not long left school would be taken on at harvest-time as a half-man—that is, he received half a man's wages.

2017 N. Verdon Working Land iv. 114 [He] earned ‘scanty’ wages as a boy bird-scaring and minding sheep but as he grew older and stronger he became a ‘quarter-man’ (entitled to quarter of a man's wages) at age 10, then a ‘half-man’.

3. Either of a pair of eminent intellectuals who, taken together, are viewed as representative of the spirit of their age. Only in or with reference to the writings of Thomas Carlyle and John Stuart Mill.Carlyle regarded David Hume and Samuel Johnson as representing the spirit of the middle decades of the 18th cent. (see quot. 1832), and Mill made the same claim about Jeremy Bentham and Samuel Taylor Coleridge in relation to the early part of the 19th cent. (see quot. 1838).

ΚΠ

1832 T. Carlyle in Fraser's Mag. May 413/2 They were the two half-men of their time: whoso should combine the intrepid Candour, and decisive scientific Clearness of Hume, with the Reverence, the Love, and devout Humility of Johnson, were the whole man of a new time.

1838 J. S. Mill in London & Westm. Rev. 31 484 He [sc. Bentham] could be a systematic and accurately logical half-man; hunting half-truths to their consequences and practical applications, on a scale both of greatness and of minuteness not previously exemplified.

1953 R. P. Anschutz Philos. J. S. Mill iv. 61 As Carlyle had regarded Hume and Dr. Johnson as the two half-men of their time, so did Mill regard Bentham and Coleridge as ‘the great seminal minds’ who succeeded them... Mill and Carlyle in their turn came to be regarded as the two half-men of that age.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2022).

单词	half-man
释义	half-mann. Brit. /ˈhɑːfman/, U.S. /ˈhæfˌmæn/ Inflections: Plural half-men. Forms: see half adj. and man n.¹ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: half adj., man n.¹ Etymology: < half adj. + man n.¹ With sense 1a compare early use (from Old English onwards) of the construction half…half… at half adv. Phrases 1 with reference to centaurs and other such mythological beings. With sense 1c compare Old High German halpman eunuch (in late sources; German †Halbmann ). Compare also Middle Dutch half man in a gloss translating classical Latin sēmivir . In quot. 1826 at sense 2 after German †Halbmann trainee sailor on half pay (1825 in the passage translated). 1. a. A being or creature that is partly human, esp. a mythological creature depicted as part human and part animal. Chiefly with reference to beings from classical mythology, such as centaurs, fauns, or satyrs.Quot. OE translates classical Latin sēmivir in a discussion of its grammatical properties (without specifying the precise sense) and could be interpreted as also showing senses 1b and 1c, as all three senses are attested for the Latin word. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > [noun] > half half-man1932 OE Ælfric Gram. (St. John's Oxf.) 27 Semiuir healfmann. 1655 R. Turner tr. Paracelsus Of Supreme Myst. Nature 51 Under the Earth do wander half-men, which possess all temporal things, which they want or are delighted with; they are Vulgarly called Gnomi, or Inhabiters of the Mountains. 1700 G. Booth tr. Diodorus Siculus Hist. Libr. iv. iv. 165 Jupiter turn'd a Cloud into the shape of Juno, with which Ixion gratify'd his Lust, and begat those Half Men, call'd Centaurs. 1820 L. Hunt Indicator No. 26 (1822) I. 206 The other Centaurs..grew frantic with revenge, and a tremendous battle ensued... It is a gigantic hubbub, full of..roarings and tramplings of men and half-men. 1910 G. G. Coulton tr. St. Bernard of Clairvaux in Medieval Garner 72 Those fierce lions, those monstrous centaurs, those half-men, those striped tigers. 2003 Times Educ. Suppl. (Nexis) 14 Feb. 16 A challenging, futuristic fable of war, dictatorship and strange half-men manufactured from a mixture of animals. b. A man lacking in the qualities, strengths, and virtues considered to be proper in a man, e.g. one who is cowardly, dishonourable, or uncivilized.Quot. OE at sense 1a could also be interpreted as showing this sense (see note at that sense). ΘΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > ill-treatment > cruelty > [noun] > inhuman > person beastc1225 inhuman1653 brutal1655 brute1752 c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 4378 Þis haluemen [?a1425 Digby vnmyȝthy men, c1450 Cambr. Univ. vnmyghty men] ȝe ssolle winne wel liȝtloker & uor noȝt. c1440 Prose Life Alexander (Thornton) (1913) 21 (MED) Þou as a littill bisne & a dwerghe, a halfe man & ortez of alle men. a1529 J. Skelton Why come ye nat to Courte (?1545) sig. Aiv^v The french men he hathe so mated And theyr courage abated That they are but halfe men Lyke foxes in theyr denne Lyke cankerd cowardes all. 1571 T. Fortescue tr. P. Mexia Foreste iii. f. 58^v He had married a wife of small stature, his counsaille hardly chargyng hym, that he mente to leaue the race roiall, of little, thinne, wretched, and impotente bodies, as if thei were but halfe men. 1610 J. Healey tr. St. Augustine Citie of God xix. xii. 767 Calling him..Halfe-man, for his inhumaine barbarisme. 1660 Marquis of Dorchester Let. to Ld. Roos 2 I have fought before now, and I hope never came off with the loss of honour; and must I now be afraid of such a Shadow, such a half-man as you are? 1844 Christian Rev. Mar. 134 It was then the custom to despise these rude tribes, who were destitute of Greek culture, as half-men. 1878 B. O'Reilly True Men as we need Them ix. 175 We have seen many of these young wives entrapped into marriage with such half-men by some strange error of their own heart. 1954 P. H. Johnson Impossible Marriage 299 A lot of half-men who don't wash. 2016 J. Chang Wangs vs. World i. 1 His unclaimed countrymen: the poor, illiterate, ball-scratching half men from Canton and Fujian. c. A man who is considered not fully male in sexual terms; spec. a eunuch; (also) a hermaphrodite. Now historical.Quot. OE at sense 1a could also be interpreted as showing this sense (see note at that sense). ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > infertility > [noun] > castration > person geldinga1382 eunuchc1430 spadoc1430 chastelinga1570 capon1594 castrate1639 spade1680 wether1724 demi-male1728 androgyne1742 castrato1763 hijra1838 emasculate1886 half-man- 1592 A. Fraunce 3rd Pt. Countesse of Pembrokes Yuychurch f. 49^v Whereas he entred a man,..he turned back but a halfe-man: Eyes, and heart, and hand, and voyce, (but now not a mans voyce) Vp to the heau'ns did he lift, effeminat Hermaphroditus. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. xi. xlix. 352 A man hath his cods sometime bruised and broken, either by some extraordinarie accident, or naturally: and such as be thus burst, are counted but halfe men, and of a middle nature betweene Hermaphrodites and guelded persons. 1678 J. Dryden All for Love iv. 56 On, sweet Eunuch; my dear half Man, proceed. 1787 A. Hawkins tr. V. Mignot Hist. Turkish Empire II. 52 An eunuch..still continued in his service. This half-man, sold to the empress, informed her..that Mustapha had a correspondence with the king of Persia. 1894 ‘G. Egerton’ Discords 195 The de-sexualized halfman, with a pride in the absence of sex-feeling, reckoning it as the sublimest virtue to have none. 2002 D. Levy Mossanen Harem xi. 120 The Shah's..finding his pleasure in the arms of the beautiful half-man whom the Bibi Sultana despised. 2. A man or boy who is on half pay. Now historical. Π 1826 tr. J. Hoene in Foreign Corn: Copy of Instr. to W. Jacob App. 89 in Parl. Papers (H.C. 159) XXI. 311 The expenses of fitting out a Prussian three mast Ship..on a voyage to England for three months, are as follows..: Wages... 6 Sailors..[£]1. 7s each; 5 Ditto (half men) [Ger. 5 Halbmaner]—13s. 6d. 1860 G. J. Williamson Ship's Career 11 I left her to go on board a brig; on whose books I was first placed as half-man, but I soon got the pay of a full man. 1962 G. E. Evans Ask Fellows who cut Hay (ed. 2) xi. 89 A lad who had not long left school would be taken on at harvest-time as a half-man—that is, he received half a man's wages. 2017 N. Verdon Working Land iv. 114 [He] earned ‘scanty’ wages as a boy bird-scaring and minding sheep but as he grew older and stronger he became a ‘quarter-man’ (entitled to quarter of a man's wages) at age 10, then a ‘half-man’. 3. Either of a pair of eminent intellectuals who, taken together, are viewed as representative of the spirit of their age. Only in or with reference to the writings of Thomas Carlyle and John Stuart Mill.Carlyle regarded David Hume and Samuel Johnson as representing the spirit of the middle decades of the 18th cent. (see quot. 1832), and Mill made the same claim about Jeremy Bentham and Samuel Taylor Coleridge in relation to the early part of the 19th cent. (see quot. 1838). ΚΠ 1832 T. Carlyle in Fraser's Mag. May 413/2 They were the two half-men of their time: whoso should combine the intrepid Candour, and decisive scientific Clearness of Hume, with the Reverence, the Love, and devout Humility of Johnson, were the whole man of a new time. 1838 J. S. Mill in London & Westm. Rev. 31 484 He [sc. Bentham] could be a systematic and accurately logical half-man; hunting half-truths to their consequences and practical applications, on a scale both of greatness and of minuteness not previously exemplified. 1953 R. P. Anschutz Philos. J. S. Mill iv. 61 As Carlyle had regarded Hume and Dr. Johnson as the two half-men of their time, so did Mill regard Bentham and Coleridge as ‘the great seminal minds’ who succeeded them... Mill and Carlyle in their turn came to be regarded as the two half-men of that age. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2022). < n.OE
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