griefn.

Brit.

/ɡriːf/, U.S.

/ɡrif/

Forms: Plural griefs. Forms: Middle English gref, Middle English–1500s greffe, grefe, greve, Middle English–1600s greef(e, (Middle English greyf, griff(e, Middle English–1500s gryef(f, 1500s greiff, 1500s–1600s greif(e), (1700s greaf), Middle English–1600s griefe, Middle English– grief. Also plural Middle English–1500s greves, (Middle English grevys), Middle English–1600s greeves, 1500s–1600s greives, grieves.

Etymology: < Old French grief, gref (masculine), verbal noun < grever to grieve v. The form with v in the singular may be from Old French grieve, greve (feminine), of the same etymology.

†1. Hardship, suffering; a kind, or cause, of hardship or suffering. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > [noun]

sorec888

teeneOE

sorrowOE

workOE

wrakeOE

careOE

gramec1000

harmOE

howc1000

trayOE

woweOE

angec1175

derfnessc1175

sytec1175

unwinc1175

wosithc1200

ail?c1225

barrat?c1225

derf?c1225

grief?c1225

misease?c1225

misliking?c1225

ofthinkingc1225

passion?c1225

troublec1230

pinec1275

distress1297

grievancea1300

penancea1300

cumbermentc1300

languorc1300

cumbering1303

were1303

angera1325

strifea1325

sweama1325

woea1325

painc1330

tribulationc1330

illa1340

threst1340

constraintc1374

troublenessc1380

afflictiona1382

bruisinga1382

miseasetya1382

pressurec1384

exercisec1386

miscomfortc1390

mislikea1400

smarta1400

thronga1400

balec1400

painfulnessc1400

troublancec1400

smartness?c1425

painliness1435

perplexity?a1439

penalty?1462

calamity1490

penality1496

cumber?a1513

sussy1513

tribule1513

afflict?1529

vexation of spirit1535

troublesomeness1561

hoe1567

grievedness1571

tribulance1575

languishment1576

thrall1578

tine1590

languorment1593

aggrievedness1594

obturbation1623

afflictedness1646

erumny1657

pathos1684

shock1705

dree1791

vex1815

wrungnessa1875

dukkha1886

thinkache1892

sufferation1976

the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > hardship

hardeOE

grief?c1225

nowcinc1225

sharpship?c1225

straitnessa1340

necessityc1390

hardlaikc1540

hardshipc1540

disage1607

rough1615

rigour1632

erumny1657

strait1837

sufferation1976

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 287 Ne muchte he wið lesse gref habben arud us.

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 1 Esdras ii. 29 To kingis greeues ben born in.

c1386 G. Chaucer Shipman's Tale 127 Tel me of youre grief Parauenture I yow may in youre meschief Conseille or helpe.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 17228 Iesu..Wit mi flexsli lust to fill. Forget i oft þine greues grill.

R. Misyn tr. R. Rolle Fire of Love 17 Þe pore in body with hongyr, þirst, cald & nakydnes & oþer greuys of þis warld is noyed.

c1440 Bone Flor. 1245 Syr, ye muste wende home wyth me..Hyt schall turne yow to no grefe.

a1450 Fysshynge wyth Angle (1883) 2 Suche grevys & meny oþer the hunter hapeth.

1575 W. Stevenson Gammer Gurtons Nedle v. i. sig. Diii^v If it be counted his fault, besides all his greeues When a poore man is spoyled: and beaten among theeues? Then I confesse my fault herein.

1581 Compendious Exam. Certayne Ordinary Complaints i. f. 4^v That Gentlemen feele most griefe by this dearth.

1616 W. Haig Let. in J. Russell Haigs of Bemersyde (1881) vii. 156 Pardon a poor man much distracted with the grief of this place [the tolbooth].

1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 182 Want of Breath, Fear, Anger, Vexation, and all the other Griefs attending such an injurious Treatment.

1861 Trans. Illinois State Agric. Soc. 1859–60 4 448 They [sc. silver Poplars] bear grief equal to the Cottonwood.

†2.

a. Hurt, harm, mischief or injury done or caused by another; damaged inflicted or suffered; molestation, trouble, offence. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > harm, injury, or wrong > [noun]

loathc900

harmOE

teenOE

griefc1330

injurec1374

injuryc1384

truitc1390

spitea1400

wrethec1400

supprise1442

trouble1463

damage1470

objectionc1475

interess1489

tort1532

mishanter1754

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > harm or injury > [noun]

loathc900

teenOE

ungrithlOE

wemming1100

waningc1175

wrongc1275

prejudicec1300

derea1325

torferc1325

eviltyc1330

griefc1330

wem1338

injurec1374

truitc1390

noyinga1398

inconvenience14..

nocument?a1425

outraya1425

injuryc1430

mischieving1432

supprise1442

incommodityc1450

interess1489

grudge1491

tort1532

wreaka1542

impeachment1548

inconveniency1553

indemnity1556

interestc1575

abuse1595

mischievance1600

oblesion1656

grit1876

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 91 Neuer bifor in Wales was don so grete greue.

1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 50 Whan þei sien the seg wiþ so manye ryde, Þei were agrisen of his grym, and wende gref tholie.

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 324 His moder wiste well she might Do Tereus no more greve Than slee his child.

1475 Bk. Noblesse 7 To be venged for dammage or griefe done by another.

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xii. 108 Cryst saue vs From alle myschefys,..From those mens grefys That oft ar agans vs.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xiii. i. 25 To implor forgifnes of all greiff.

1584 H. Llwyd & D. Powel Hist. Cambria 354 These be the greefes done by the Englishmen.

†b. A wrong or injury which is the subject of formal complaint or demand for redress; = grievance n. 3. Also: a document containing a formal statement of the grievance. Obsolete.In quot. 1839 probably a mere Gallicism.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > [noun] > ground of complaint

lastOE

plainta1382

aggrievance1389

griefc1420

grievance1481

condemnation1534

complaint1732

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > [noun] > formal > document containing

griefc1420

write-up1948

c1420 J. Lydgate Assembly of Gods 47 That Diana and Neptunus myght haue audience To declare her greefe of the gret offence To theym done by Eolus, whereon they compleynyd.

1472 Presentm. Juries in Surtees Misc. (1888) 22 Thes are þ^e grefis þ^t xij men fendes defectyffe.

c1503 R. Arnold Chron. sig. Aiiij^v/1 The answere by my lorde of wynchestere onto y^e greffe of my lorde off glocetyre.

1538 in Vicary's Anat. Bodie of Man (1888) App. iii. 159 It ys agreed, that the Wardeyns..shalbe here vpon tuysday next commyng, & there shewe theyre gryeff.

1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iv. iii. 44 The king hath sent to know The nature of your griefes .

1605 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1889) IV. 274 A meetinge shalbe had here that the Burgesses may then prefer theyr greifes.

a1651 D. Calderwood Hist. Kirk Scotl. (Wodrow Soc.) III. 725 The greeves which Secretary Walsingham presented to the King.

1839 Times 30 Mar. in Spirit Metrop. Conservative Press (1840) I. 126 For the settlement of more solid and lasting griefs between the nations, measures of corresponding magnitude and decision must be reasonably executed.]

†3. Gravity, grievousness (of an offence). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [noun] > gravity or seriousness

peisec1425

poise1457

griefa1513

gravity1533

ponderosity1589

ponderance1600

pitha1616

seriousness1797

ponderation1873

gravitas1924

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccxxx. f. clii^v Some of the foresayde prysoners he put to deth, and some he dishereted after y^e grefe of theyr offense.

†4.

a. Feeling of offence; displeasure, anger. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > [noun]

unthankc893

ofthinkingc1225

displeasancec1340

grievancec1380

offencec1390

griefa1400

ill liking?a1400

mislikinga1400

displacencec1450

displeasure1484

displeasantness1547

discontentment1550

displeasedness1561

discontent1579

displicence1593

aggrievedness1594

disconceitc1598

distasture1611

displicency1640

disobligation1645

displacencya1652

affront1705

disobligement18..

unpleasure1814

misloving1871

unwill1872

displeasurement1882

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 8403 Þof salamon mi sun be yong,He es wis and o redi tung, þat neuer serued grefe ne grame.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 7663 And efte þe fend ful of greef Trauailed þe kyng to mischeef.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid i. i. 18 Is thair sic grief in hevinlie myndis hie?

1535 N. Shaxton Let. to Cromwell in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) I. App. lxi. 149 Yet perceive I right manifestly your grief towards me.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 6440 For all the grefe of þo grekes, & þe grete þronge, Was no led might hym let, þof hom lothe were.

c1570 in J. Raine Depositions Courts Durham (1845) 245 He spoke not thois wordes in any greiff, but rather in boorde.

c1573 in J. Raine Depositions Courts Durham (1845) 261 Hard the said Rauffe caule the said Rosse slave in greiff.

†b. Phrases. to take in (also on, to) grief: to take offence at: see also agrief adv. to take grief with (a person): to be displeased with. without grief: without being offended or annoyed; without grudging. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > calmness > [adverb] > in unoffended manner

without griefc1325

unoffendedly1856

the mind > emotion > anger > indignation or resentment > be indignant at or resent [verb (transitive)]

to take in (also on, to) griefc1325

to bear (a person or thing) hard (also heavily, heavy, etc.)c1384

to take agrief?a1400

disdaina1513

stomach1523

to take it amiss1530

to have a grudge against (to, at)1531

to think amiss1533

envy1557

to take‥in (the) snuff (or to snuff)1560

to take snuff1565

to take scorn1581

to take indignly1593

to bear (one) upon (also in) the spleen1596

spleena1629

disresent1652

indign1652

miff1797

pin1934

the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > be displeased with [verb (transitive)]

mislikea1225

displease1377

to take agrief?a1400

to take in grievinga1400

to like illc1425

to take grief witha1556

mind1562

disconceit1625

to take heinously1632

mistake1725

lump1833

thank1874

c1300 K. Alis. 3785 He tok hit in heorte agref.]

c1325 Deo Gratias 35 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 125 I prey þe take hit nouht in greue.

c1400 Gamelyn 313 And seide ȝe be welcome with-out any greue.

c1420 Sir Amadace xxx Gode Sirs, take noȝte on greue, For ȝe most noue take ȝour leue.

c1460 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Laud) l. 10967 Zakarie seid with-outyn greve Thise tydyngges may I not leve.

a1500 (?c1400) Sir Triamour (Cambr.) (1937) l. 119 That ys me wondur lefe, Wherefore taketh hyt to no grefe.

1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Matt. xiii. 36–43 Jesus without any griefe [L. nihil gravatus] declared it playnely.

a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) v. iv. sig. H.iij^v I beseech you, take with me no greefe: I did a true mans part, not wishyng your repreefe.

†5.

a. A bodily injury or ailment; a morbid affection of any part of the body; a sore, wound; a blemish of the skin; a disease, sickness. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > [noun]

soreOE

cothec1000

sicknessc1000

evilc1275

maladyc1275

grievance1377

passiona1382

infirmityc1384

mischiefa1387

affectiona1398

grievinga1398

grief1398

sicka1400

case?a1425

plaguec1425

diseasea1475

alteration1533

craze1534

uncome1538

impediment1542

affliction?1555

ailment1606

disaster1614

garget1615

morbus1630

ail1648

disaffect1683

disorder1690

illness1692

trouble1726

complaint1727

skookum1838

claim1898

itis1909

bug1918

wog1925

crud1932

bot1937

lurgy1947

Korean haemorrhagic fever1951

nadger1956

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) v. lxiv. 182 Somtyme the greyffes of the skynne come of a cause that is wythin.

1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde iii. x. 153 Nature may not suffre..the sodeyn agrauacions ne griefs, of whiche by theyr folyes they trauaylle nature.

1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth xxxii. sig. M.ii^v For suche thynges causyth the grefe [sc. epilepsy] to come the ofter.

?1550 H. Llwyd tr. Pope John XXI Treasury of Healthe (1585) F viij To put away the wrinkles out of the face and all other greefe.

1562 W. Turner Bk. Natures Bathes Eng. Pref., in 2nd Pt. Herball In the tyme of bathinge in certayne men certayn grefes and diseases aryse.

1567 T. Harman Caueat for Commen Cursetors (new ed.) sig. Diiii Fayre sknned [sic] wythout any spotte or greffe.

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. lxx. 104 The seede..is good to be straked or applied unto hoate griefes of the joynts.

1606 L. Bryskett Disc. Ciuill Life 5 Rather to preuent sicknesse, then for any present griefe, I had..begunne a course to take some physicke.

1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses I. 392 Cancerous Vlcers also seise on this part (the Lipp) &c. This grief hastned the end of..Mr. Harriot.

1706 London Gaz. No. 4209/4 Off Leg Joint above the Fetter-lock large, hard swell'd, old Grief.

1727 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Oeconomique (Dublin ed.) at Foul A Swelling and Grief like unto this, breeding between the Clees of the Cattle.

in extended use.1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. Math. Præf. sig. biii Theophrastus affirmed, that, by Musike, griefes and diseases of the Minde..might be cured.

†b. The seat of disease; the diseased part; the sore place. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > [noun] > seat of disease

grief1577

focus1663

foyer1878

storm centre1894

1577 J. Frampton tr. N. Monardes Three Bookes ii. f. 36 The Leaues of this Tabaco beeyng put hot vpon the griefe,..taketh awaie the paines thereof.

1610 G. Markham Maister-peece ii. cxxxi. 434 Mixe these with vinegar, and apply it to the griefe.

1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia ii. 34 For swellings..they vse small peeces of touchwood..which pricking on the griefe they burne close to the flesh.

†6. Physical pain or discomfort. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > [noun]

sorec825

acheeOE

wrakeOE

trayOE

woe?a1200

pinec1200

sorrowc1225

teenc1225

grievousness1303

dolec1320

balea1325

painc1330

warkingc1340

dolour?c1370

sufferance1422

offencea1425

angerc1440

sufferingc1450

penalty?1462

penality1496

grief1509

stress1533

sufferance1597

somatalgia1607

suffering1609

tort1632

miserya1825

1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. lxxxiii Clawe he his backe that felyth ytche of greue.

?1543 T. Phaer tr. J. Goeurot Regiment of Lyfe sig. Fvii The grefe, which the pacient feleth in hys backe.

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 184 Mair throuch sturt and dolour of mynd, than throuch greife of his woundes.

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy i. iii. ii. ii. 258 Hardnes & grief in the left Hypocondry.

1630 Bp. J. Hall Occas. Medit. §lxxxviii The tendernesse of the part addes much to the griefe.

a. Mental pain, distress, or sorrow. In modern use in a more limited sense: deep or violent sorrow, caused by loss or trouble; a keen or bitter feeling of regret for something lost, remorse for something done, or sorrow for mishap to oneself or others.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > [noun]

rueeOE

teeneOE

sorrowOE

gramec1000

sytec1175

ruthc1225

dolea1240

balec1275

sighinga1300

dolour13..

ermingc1300

heartbreakc1330

discomfortc1350

griefa1375

tristourc1380

desolation1382

sichinga1387

tristesse1390

compassiona1400

rueinga1400

smarta1400

displeasure14..

gremec1400

heavity14..

dillc1420

notea1425

discomforturec1450

dolefulnessc1450

wandremec1450

regratec1485

doleance1490

trista1510

mispleasance1532

pathologiesa1586

balefulness1590

drearing1591

distressedness1592

woenessa1600

desertion1694

ruesomeness1881

schmerz1887

the mind > emotion > suffering > regret > [noun] > remorse

pityc1330

agenbite1340

griefa1375

out-thinkinga1382

remorse of conscience (also mind)c1410

remorsea1425

regreta1540

wringing1623

remord1625

resentment1646

heart-searching1647

remordency1658

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2473 So glad was he þanne, þat na gref vnder god gayned to his ioye.

c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 86 The adubbemente of þo downez dere Garten my goste al greffe for-ȝete.

1413 Pilgr. Sowle (1483) iv. xx. 66 How may myn eyen..Restreyne them for to shewen by wepyng Myn hertes greef.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 13957 Vlixes..With gronyng and greue gert hym to stynt.

?1555 M. Coverdale tr. Hope of Faythful xxxi. 212 Tediousnesse and grefe runneth customably wyth saturacion or fulnesse.

1568 H. Billingsley tr. P. M. Vermigli Most Learned Comm. Epist. Romanes ix. 237 b Griefe (as sayth Cicero..) is a dissease which vexeth the mind, and it is taken by reason of the euill which semeth to be already at hand, and to be present.

1599 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet v. iii. 210 Griefe of my sonnes exile hath stopt her breath.

1612 G. Chapman Widdowes Teares iv. sig. G4^v These Grieues that sound so lowd, proue alwaies light.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. v. 198 Before my arrivall in Aleppo, the Caravan..was from thence departed, which bred no small griefe in my breast.

1653 R. Austen Treat. Fruit-trees 5 He confesseth it with much greife.

1716 J. Addison Drummer ii. 16 There is a real Grief, and there is a methodical Grief.

1757 E. Burke Philos. Enq. Sublime & Beautiful i. §5. 10 If the object [of pleasure] be..totally lost..a passion arises in the mind, which is called grief.

1768 H. Brooke Fool of Quality III. xv. 99 The poor woman..was plentifully pouring forth her tears..for grief of having found him in that condition.

1798 J. Baillie Ct. Basil v. iii, in Ser. of Plays I. 189 Woman's grief is like a summer storm, Short as it violent is.

1817 Ld. Byron Manfred i. i. 9 Grief should be the instructor of the wise.

1883 ‘Ouida’ Wanda I. 36 Their father died of grief for his eldest son.

1888 F. Hume Madame Midas i. i. 18 He..did not show much outward grief.

personified.1822 ‘B. Cornwall’ Flood of Thessaly ii. 281 Joy is slow believed, where grief hath lived Long a familiar.

b. A cause or subject of grief.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > [noun]

sorrowOE

ail?c1225

scorpion?c1225

dolec1290

angera1325

anguishc1330

cupa1340

aggrievancea1400

discomfortc1405

afflictionc1429

sytec1440

pressurea1500

constraint1509

tenterhook1532

grief1535

annoying1566

troubler1567

griper1573

vexation1588

infliction1590

trouble1591

temptationc1595

load1600

torment1600

wringer1602

sorance1609

inflicting1611

brusha1616

freighta1631

woe-heart1637

ordeala1658

cut-up1782

unpleasure1792

iron maiden1870

mental cruelty1899

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Prov. xvii. D An vndiscrete sonne is a grefe [so 1611] vnto his father.

1770 O. Goldsmith Deserted Village 57 A time there was, ere England's griefs began.

1885 J. Ruskin Præterita I. v. 167 As fate would have it, they had the one grief of having no children.

a. to come to grief: to meet with disaster; (Sport) to have a fall; to fail, prove abortive; so to bring to grief. Chiefly colloquial; somewhat rare in dignified use. Also good (also great) grief!, an exclamation indicating surprise, alarm, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > fail or be unsuccessful [verb (intransitive)] > come to grief

misfareOE

miswendOE

misferec1275

misspeeda1387

miscarryc1387

mischieve?a1400

to catch copper1530

to lose one's seatc1540

mischief1598

to bu(r)st one's boiler1824

to come to grief1850

to come (also go) a mucker1851

to come (fall, get) a cropper1858

mucker1862

to go or be up the flume1865

to come undone1899

to play smash1903

to come to a sticky end1904

to come unstuck1911

the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > have befallen as a misfortune to [verb (transitive)] > bring disaster upon

doa1375

pluckc1475

ruin1558

tragedize1593

disaster1596

planet-strike1600

to bring to grief1850

to do in1905

to wreak havoc1926

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > surprise, unexpectedness > exclamation of surprise [interjection]

whatOE

well, wellOE

avoyc1300

ouc1300

ay1340

lorda1393

ahaa1400

hillaa1400

whannowc1450

wow1513

why?1520

heydaya1529

ah1538

ah me!a1547

fore me!a1547

o me!a1547

what the (also a) goodyear1570

precious coals1576

Lord have mercy (on us)1581

good heavens1588

whau1589

coads1590

ay me!1591

my stars!a1593

Gods me1595

law1598

Godso1600

to go out1600

coads-nigs1608

for mercy!a1616

good stars!1615

mercy on us (also me, etc.)!a1616

gramercy1617

goodness1623

what next?1662

mon Dieu1665

heugh1668

criminy1681

Lawd1696

the dickens1697

(God, etc.) bless my heart1704

alackaday1705

(for) mercy's sake!1707

my1707

deuce1710

gracious1712

goodly and gracious1713

my word1722

my stars and garters!1758

lawka1774

losha1779

Lord bless me (also you, us, etc.)1784

great guns!1795

mein Gott1795

Dear me!1805

fancy1813

well, I'm sure!1815

massy1817

Dear, dear!1818

to get off1818

laws1824

Mamma mia1824

by crikey1826

wisha1826

alleleu1829

crackey1830

Madonna mia1830

indeed1834

to go on1835

snakes1839

Jerusalem1840

sapristi1840

oh my days1841

tear and ages1841

what (why, etc.) in time?1844

sakes alive!1846

gee willikers1847

to get away1847

well, to be sure!1847

gee1851

Great Scott1852

holy mackerel!1855

doggone1857

lawsy1868

my wig(s)!1871

gee whiz1872

crimes1874

yoicks1881

Christmas1882

hully gee1895

'ullo1895

my hat!1899

good (also great) grief!1900

strike me pink!1902

oo-er1909

what do you know?1909

cripes1910

coo1911

zowiec1913

can you tie that?1918

hot diggety1924

yeow1924

ziggety1924

stone (or stiffen) the crows1930

hullo1931

tiens1932

whammo1932

po po po1936

how about that?1939

hallo1942

brother1945

tie that!1948

surprise1953

wowee1963

yikes1971

never1974

to sod off1976

whee1978

mercy1986

yipes1989

1850 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis II. xxxvii. 364 I knew that your father had come to—to grief. You don't think it was—it was for your connexion I married you?

1854 W. M. Thackeray Newcomes I. x. 107 We drove on to the Downs, and we were nearly coming to grief.

1857 C. Kingsley Two Years Ago III. iii. 104 As for coming to grief,..we're on a good errand..and the devil himself can't harm us.

1862 T. Shorter in Weldon's Reg. Aug. 4 A People's College..was founded at Nottingham, but speedily came to grief.

1873 Punch 25 Jan. 41/1 The third Empire..brought France to grief.

1883 W. Black Shandon Bells xxvii He pointed out where the coal-smack had come to grief.

1885 J. Martineau Types Ethical Theory I. 139 His logic came to grief.

1900 in Eng. Dial. Dict. Good grief.

1924 Dial. Notes 5 268 Great grief.

1937 R. Chandler Killer in Rain (1964) 227 ‘Good grief,’ De Spain said. ‘He's up there right now.’

1957 ‘N. Culotta’ They're Weird Mob (1958) 180 ‘Do I ask your father for his daughter's hand?’ ‘Good grief no.’

1959 ‘A. Gilbert’ Death takes Wife xvii. 226 ‘Wonder if he expected this?’ said the policeman grimly. And he called Crook at his home address. ‘Good grief!’ said Crook, when he heard.

1959 N. Marsh False Scent (1960) iv. 100 Great grief, I'd forgotten that gang!

b. Horse Racing and Hunting. Accidents in steeplechasing or in the hunting-field. Also in Golf (see quot. 1897).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > [noun] > accidents in hunting field

grief1891

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > horse racing > [noun] > accident in racing

grief1891

1891 Sportsman 28 Feb. (Farmer) The flag had scarcely fallen than the grief commenced.

1897 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport I. 472 Grief, when a player has played his ball into a hazard of any description he is said to be in grief.

1898 St. James's Gaz. 15 Nov. 6/1 [A pace sufficient] to test the condition of horses and their riders and to bring about a considerable amount of grief.

Compounds

C1.

a. Simple attributive.

grief-drop n.

ΚΠ

1838 E. Cook World vii. 1 Though the eye may be dimmed with its grief-drop awhile.

b. Objective.

grief-drinking adj.

ΚΠ

c1604 Charlemagne (1938) ii. 41 Charractred on euerye syde of ye griefe drinkinge pap.

c. Instrumental.

grief-bowed adj.

ΚΠ

1839 M. Howitt Marien's Pilgr. xi. iii. 2 Grief-bowed and labour-spent.

grief-distraught adj.

ΚΠ

1844 E. B. Barrett Duchess May in Poems II. 81 He in sooth is grief-distraught.

grief-dulled adj.

ΚΠ

a1603 F. Davison in E. Farr Sel. Poetry Reign Elizabeth (1845) II. 319 My grief-dull'd heart.

grief-exhausted adj.

ΚΠ

1768 C. Shaw Addr. Nightingale vi. 87 Till welcome death..Shall kindly stop my grief-exhausted breath.

grief-harmonized adj.

ΚΠ

1827 T. Hood Hero & Leander lxix, in Plea Midsummer Fairies & Other Poems 92 Though heretofore I have but set my voice To some long sighs, grief harmonized.

grief-inspired adj.

ΚΠ

1764 Oxford Sausage 77 The grief-inspired Muse.

grief-oppressed adj.

ΚΠ

1824 T. Fenby Outl. Four Temperaments iv, in Wild Roses 86 Grief-oppress'd, unhappy man.

grief-rent adj.

ΚΠ

1647 R. Herrick Noble Numbers sig. Ee To shew a heart grief-rent.

grief-ridden adj.

ΚΠ

1871 A. C. Swinburne Songs before Sunrise 54 In that heart-stricken grief-ridden time.

grief-shot adj.

ΚΠ

a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) v. i. 44 As a discontented Friend, greefe-shot With his vnkindnesse.

grief-stricken adj.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > [adjective]

sorelyc888

gramec893

sorrowfuleOE

unblithec897

sorryeOE

carefulOE

charyOE

sickOE

yomerOE

sorry-moodOE

sweerc1000

yomerlyOE

sorrilyOE

woea1200

balec1220

sorry?c1225

sorec1275

gremefula1300

sada1300

ruthlyc1300

thoughtfulc1300

woebegonea1325

heavyc1330

grievousc1374

woefula1375

sorrowya1382

dereful?a1400

sorousa1400

sytefula1400

teenfula1400

wrotha1400

balefulc1400

tristy?c1400

tristc1420

dolefulc1430

wapped in woec1440

yhevidc1440

dolenta1450

condolentc1460

discomforted1477

tristfula1492

sorrow1496

dram?a1513

dolorous1513

earnful?1527

troublous1535

amort1546

mournfula1558

passioned1560

sadded1566

tristive1578

distressed1586

passionate1586

sorrowed1596

distressful1601

passionful1605

sighful1606

contristed1625

anguishinga1642

sadful1658

saddened1665

tristitious1694

sick as a parrot1705

pangful1727

woesome1778

grieving1807

ruesome1833

yearned1838

doleant1861

mournsome1869

thoughted1869

tragical1887

grief-stricken1905

1905 Daily Chron. 14 Aug. 5/5 The husband was sent for, but he was so grief-stricken that he had to be removed.

1965 J. Pollitt Depression & its Treatm. ii. 22 Similarly, in human affairs, bereavement occurring during a depressive illness is not followed by the normal process of forgetting, the patient remaining grief-stricken.

grief-worn adj.

ΚΠ

1859 K. Cornwallis Panorama New World I. 202 He looked grief-worn.

C2.

grief-muscles n. a name given by Darwin to certain muscles concerned in the facial expression of grief.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > muscle > muscles of specific parts > [noun] > muscles of cheek or temple

temporal?1541

trumpeter's muscle1615

crotaphite1653

buccinator1657

zygomatic1811

grief-muscles1872

1872 C. Darwin Expression Emotions Man & Animals vii. 185 Cases of Hypochondria, in which the grief-muscles were persistently contracted.

grief therapy n. (see quot.).

ΚΠ

1963 J. Mitford Amer. Way of Death ii. 58 ‘Grief therapy’ is..commonly used by funeral men to describe the mental and emotional solace which, they claim, is achieved for the bereaved family as a result of being able to ‘view’ the embalmed and restored deceased.

Draft additions 1997

colloquial (originally U.S.). Trouble, unpleasantness, ‘hassle’; unstinting criticism or disparagement. Frequently in to give (make, have, etc.) grief.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > criticism > [noun] > severe

biting1382

tomahawking1777

sledgehammering1853

grief1891

pan1899

panning1908

excoriation1924

flak1968

the world > action or operation > adversity > be in adversity [verb (intransitive)] > undergo an ordeal

to go (also jump) through (the) hoop(s)1917

to give (make, have, etc.) grief1929

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > criticism > criticize [verb (intransitive)] > severely

quip1542

snap1579

quib1580

to lash out1884

slam1884

to rip into——1907

to lace into1908

to light into ——1922

to give (make, have, etc.) grief1974

excoriate1985

1891 Sportsman 28 Feb. in P. Beale Partridge's Dict. Slang (ed. 8, 1984) 503/1 The flag had scarcely fallen than [sic] the grief commenced.

1929 D. Hammett Dain Curse xii. 121 ‘You could have got me in on it,’ he had complained before our soup was in front of us... ‘I had’, I said, ‘enough grief with the one guy I did let in on it—Eric Collinson.’

1940 R. Chandler Farewell, my Lovely xviii. 141 There's not much money in it. There's a lot of grief. But there's a lot of fun too.

1974 A. Lurie War between Tates (1977) viii. 160 I thought how I was making all this grief for you and Danielle, and what I ought to do is..take the next bus to New York.

1986 C. Hope Hottentot Room xiv. 203 Say you'll come home, Caleb. It will save a lot of grief.

1989 Face Jan. 66/2 Mann has had grief from snobby film critics and from the censorship lobby.

1990 D. Peterson Dress Gray i. 10 One female several doors down kept her curling iron. She got caught trying to use it one weekend and really took some grief from the cadre.

2015 N. Smith tr. J. Nesbo Blood on Snow ix. 63 They were on the wrong track from day one, and never came close to giving me any grief.

Draft additions June 2014

grief counselling n. counselling intended to assist people, typically those who have been bereaved, in coping with their grief.

ΚΠ

1974 Chicago Defender 15 Aug. 14/3 Such occurrences often lead to strong guilt feelings, and underscore the need for grief counseling.

1996 J. W. Worden Children & Grief ix. 139 Our research has shown that not all bereaved children need or would necessarily profit from grief counseling.

2012 Express (Nexis) 30 Oct. 8 Labour leader Ed Miliband received grief counselling when his father died, he revealed last night.

Draft additions June 2014

grief counsellor n. a practitioner of grief counselling.

ΚΠ

1963 Washington Post 25 Oct. c8/3 [He] has just the proper appearance and manner to make a splendid ‘grief counselor’.

1987 R. Shilts And Band played On (1988) iv. xii. 123 A volunteer grief counselor with a Berkeley death-and-dying group.

2005 C. Cleave Incendiary 61 That woman in the tweed suit was a grief counsellor. All the time I stayed in hospital we met twice a week to talk through my loss.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	grief
释义	griefn. Brit. /ɡriːf/, U.S. /ɡrif/ Forms: Plural griefs. Forms: Middle English gref, Middle English–1500s greffe, grefe, greve, Middle English–1600s greef(e, (Middle English greyf, griff(e, Middle English–1500s gryef(f, 1500s greiff, 1500s–1600s greif(e), (1700s greaf), Middle English–1600s griefe, Middle English– grief. Also plural Middle English–1500s greves, (Middle English grevys), Middle English–1600s greeves, 1500s–1600s greives, grieves. Etymology: < Old French grief, gref (masculine), verbal noun < grever to grieve v. The form with v in the singular may be from Old French grieve, greve (feminine), of the same etymology. †1. Hardship, suffering; a kind, or cause, of hardship or suffering. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > [noun] sorec888 teeneOE sorrowOE workOE wrakeOE careOE gramec1000 harmOE howc1000 trayOE woweOE angec1175 derfnessc1175 sytec1175 unwinc1175 wosithc1200 ail?c1225 barrat?c1225 derf?c1225 grief?c1225 misease?c1225 misliking?c1225 ofthinkingc1225 passion?c1225 troublec1230 pinec1275 distress1297 grievancea1300 penancea1300 cumbermentc1300 languorc1300 cumbering1303 were1303 angera1325 strifea1325 sweama1325 woea1325 painc1330 tribulationc1330 illa1340 threst1340 constraintc1374 troublenessc1380 afflictiona1382 bruisinga1382 miseasetya1382 pressurec1384 exercisec1386 miscomfortc1390 mislikea1400 smarta1400 thronga1400 balec1400 painfulnessc1400 troublancec1400 smartness?c1425 painliness1435 perplexity?a1439 penalty?1462 calamity1490 penality1496 cumber?a1513 sussy1513 tribule1513 afflict?1529 vexation of spirit1535 troublesomeness1561 hoe1567 grievedness1571 tribulance1575 languishment1576 thrall1578 tine1590 languorment1593 aggrievedness1594 obturbation1623 afflictedness1646 erumny1657 pathos1684 shock1705 dree1791 vex1815 wrungnessa1875 dukkha1886 thinkache1892 sufferation1976 the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > hardship hardeOE grief?c1225 nowcinc1225 sharpship?c1225 straitnessa1340 necessityc1390 hardlaikc1540 hardshipc1540 disage1607 rough1615 rigour1632 erumny1657 strait1837 sufferation1976 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 287 Ne muchte he wið lesse gref habben arud us. 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) 1 Esdras ii. 29 To kingis greeues ben born in. c1386 G. Chaucer Shipman's Tale 127 Tel me of youre grief Parauenture I yow may in youre meschief Conseille or helpe. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 17228 Iesu..Wit mi flexsli lust to fill. Forget i oft þine greues grill. R. Misyn tr. R. Rolle Fire of Love 17 Þe pore in body with hongyr, þirst, cald & nakydnes & oþer greuys of þis warld is noyed. c1440 Bone Flor. 1245 Syr, ye muste wende home wyth me..Hyt schall turne yow to no grefe. a1450 Fysshynge wyth Angle (1883) 2 Suche grevys & meny oþer the hunter hapeth. 1575 W. Stevenson Gammer Gurtons Nedle v. i. sig. Diii^v If it be counted his fault, besides all his greeues When a poore man is spoyled: and beaten among theeues? Then I confesse my fault herein. 1581 Compendious Exam. Certayne Ordinary Complaints i. f. 4^v That Gentlemen feele most griefe by this dearth. 1616 W. Haig Let. in J. Russell Haigs of Bemersyde (1881) vii. 156 Pardon a poor man much distracted with the grief of this place [the tolbooth]. 1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 182 Want of Breath, Fear, Anger, Vexation, and all the other Griefs attending such an injurious Treatment. 1861 Trans. Illinois State Agric. Soc. 1859–60 4 448 They [sc. silver Poplars] bear grief equal to the Cottonwood. †2. a. Hurt, harm, mischief or injury done or caused by another; damaged inflicted or suffered; molestation, trouble, offence. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > harm, injury, or wrong > [noun] loathc900 harmOE teenOE griefc1330 injurec1374 injuryc1384 truitc1390 spitea1400 wrethec1400 supprise1442 trouble1463 damage1470 objectionc1475 interess1489 tort1532 mishanter1754 the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > harm or injury > [noun] loathc900 teenOE ungrithlOE wemming1100 waningc1175 wrongc1275 prejudicec1300 derea1325 torferc1325 eviltyc1330 griefc1330 wem1338 injurec1374 truitc1390 noyinga1398 inconvenience14.. nocument?a1425 outraya1425 injuryc1430 mischieving1432 supprise1442 incommodityc1450 interess1489 grudge1491 tort1532 wreaka1542 impeachment1548 inconveniency1553 indemnity1556 interestc1575 abuse1595 mischievance1600 oblesion1656 grit1876 c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 91 Neuer bifor in Wales was don so grete greue. 1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 50 Whan þei sien the seg wiþ so manye ryde, Þei were agrisen of his grym, and wende gref tholie. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 324 His moder wiste well she might Do Tereus no more greve Than slee his child. 1475 Bk. Noblesse 7 To be venged for dammage or griefe done by another. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xii. 108 Cryst saue vs From alle myschefys,..From those mens grefys That oft ar agans vs. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xiii. i. 25 To implor forgifnes of all greiff. 1584 H. Llwyd & D. Powel Hist. Cambria 354 These be the greefes done by the Englishmen. †b. A wrong or injury which is the subject of formal complaint or demand for redress; = grievance n. 3. Also: a document containing a formal statement of the grievance. Obsolete.In quot. 1839 probably a mere Gallicism. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > [noun] > ground of complaint lastOE plainta1382 aggrievance1389 griefc1420 grievance1481 condemnation1534 complaint1732 the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > [noun] > formal > document containing griefc1420 write-up1948 c1420 J. Lydgate Assembly of Gods 47 That Diana and Neptunus myght haue audience To declare her greefe of the gret offence To theym done by Eolus, whereon they compleynyd. 1472 Presentm. Juries in Surtees Misc. (1888) 22 Thes are þ^e grefis þ^t xij men fendes defectyffe. c1503 R. Arnold Chron. sig. Aiiij^v/1 The answere by my lorde of wynchestere onto y^e greffe of my lorde off glocetyre. 1538 in Vicary's Anat. Bodie of Man (1888) App. iii. 159 It ys agreed, that the Wardeyns..shalbe here vpon tuysday next commyng, & there shewe theyre gryeff. 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iv. iii. 44 The king hath sent to know The nature of your griefes . View more context for this quotation 1605 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1889) IV. 274 A meetinge shalbe had here that the Burgesses may then prefer theyr greifes. a1651 D. Calderwood Hist. Kirk Scotl. (Wodrow Soc.) III. 725 The greeves which Secretary Walsingham presented to the King. 1839 Times 30 Mar. in Spirit Metrop. Conservative Press (1840) I. 126 For the settlement of more solid and lasting griefs between the nations, measures of corresponding magnitude and decision must be reasonably executed.] †3. Gravity, grievousness (of an offence). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [noun] > gravity or seriousness peisec1425 poise1457 griefa1513 gravity1533 ponderosity1589 ponderance1600 pitha1616 seriousness1797 ponderation1873 gravitas1924 a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccxxx. f. clii^v Some of the foresayde prysoners he put to deth, and some he dishereted after y^e grefe of theyr offense. †4. a. Feeling of offence; displeasure, anger. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > [noun] unthankc893 ofthinkingc1225 displeasancec1340 grievancec1380 offencec1390 griefa1400 ill liking?a1400 mislikinga1400 displacencec1450 displeasure1484 displeasantness1547 discontentment1550 displeasedness1561 discontent1579 displicence1593 aggrievedness1594 disconceitc1598 distasture1611 displicency1640 disobligation1645 displacencya1652 affront1705 disobligement18.. unpleasure1814 misloving1871 unwill1872 displeasurement1882 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 8403 Þof salamon mi sun be yong,He es wis and o redi tung, þat neuer serued grefe ne grame. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 7663 And efte þe fend ful of greef Trauailed þe kyng to mischeef. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid i. i. 18 Is thair sic grief in hevinlie myndis hie? 1535 N. Shaxton Let. to Cromwell in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) I. App. lxi. 149 Yet perceive I right manifestly your grief towards me. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 6440 For all the grefe of þo grekes, & þe grete þronge, Was no led might hym let, þof hom lothe were. c1570 in J. Raine Depositions Courts Durham (1845) 245 He spoke not thois wordes in any greiff, but rather in boorde. c1573 in J. Raine Depositions Courts Durham (1845) 261 Hard the said Rauffe caule the said Rosse slave in greiff. †b. Phrases. to take in (also on, to) grief: to take offence at: see also agrief adv. to take grief with (a person): to be displeased with. without grief: without being offended or annoyed; without grudging. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > calmness > [adverb] > in unoffended manner without griefc1325 unoffendedly1856 the mind > emotion > anger > indignation or resentment > be indignant at or resent [verb (transitive)] to take in (also on, to) griefc1325 to bear (a person or thing) hard (also heavily, heavy, etc.)c1384 to take agrief?a1400 disdaina1513 stomach1523 to take it amiss1530 to have a grudge against (to, at)1531 to think amiss1533 envy1557 to take‥in (the) snuff (or to snuff)1560 to take snuff1565 to take scorn1581 to take indignly1593 to bear (one) upon (also in) the spleen1596 spleena1629 disresent1652 indign1652 miff1797 pin1934 the mind > emotion > suffering > displeasure > be displeased with [verb (transitive)] mislikea1225 displease1377 to take agrief?a1400 to take in grievinga1400 to like illc1425 to take grief witha1556 mind1562 disconceit1625 to take heinously1632 mistake1725 lump1833 thank1874 c1300 K. Alis. 3785 He tok hit in heorte agref.] c1325 Deo Gratias 35 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 125 I prey þe take hit nouht in greue. c1400 Gamelyn 313 And seide ȝe be welcome with-out any greue. c1420 Sir Amadace xxx Gode Sirs, take noȝte on greue, For ȝe most noue take ȝour leue. c1460 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Laud) l. 10967 Zakarie seid with-outyn greve Thise tydyngges may I not leve. a1500 (?c1400) Sir Triamour (Cambr.) (1937) l. 119 That ys me wondur lefe, Wherefore taketh hyt to no grefe. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Matt. xiii. 36–43 Jesus without any griefe [L. nihil gravatus] declared it playnely. a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) v. iv. sig. H.iij^v I beseech you, take with me no greefe: I did a true mans part, not wishyng your repreefe. †5. a. A bodily injury or ailment; a morbid affection of any part of the body; a sore, wound; a blemish of the skin; a disease, sickness. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > [noun] soreOE cothec1000 sicknessc1000 evilc1275 maladyc1275 grievance1377 passiona1382 infirmityc1384 mischiefa1387 affectiona1398 grievinga1398 grief1398 sicka1400 case?a1425 plaguec1425 diseasea1475 alteration1533 craze1534 uncome1538 impediment1542 affliction?1555 ailment1606 disaster1614 garget1615 morbus1630 ail1648 disaffect1683 disorder1690 illness1692 trouble1726 complaint1727 skookum1838 claim1898 itis1909 bug1918 wog1925 crud1932 bot1937 lurgy1947 Korean haemorrhagic fever1951 nadger1956 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) v. lxiv. 182 Somtyme the greyffes of the skynne come of a cause that is wythin. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde iii. x. 153 Nature may not suffre..the sodeyn agrauacions ne griefs, of whiche by theyr folyes they trauaylle nature. 1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth xxxii. sig. M.ii^v For suche thynges causyth the grefe [sc. epilepsy] to come the ofter. ?1550 H. Llwyd tr. Pope John XXI Treasury of Healthe (1585) F viij To put away the wrinkles out of the face and all other greefe. 1562 W. Turner Bk. Natures Bathes Eng. Pref., in 2nd Pt. Herball In the tyme of bathinge in certayne men certayn grefes and diseases aryse. 1567 T. Harman Caueat for Commen Cursetors (new ed.) sig. Diiii Fayre sknned [sic] wythout any spotte or greffe. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. lxx. 104 The seede..is good to be straked or applied unto hoate griefes of the joynts. 1606 L. Bryskett Disc. Ciuill Life 5 Rather to preuent sicknesse, then for any present griefe, I had..begunne a course to take some physicke. 1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses I. 392 Cancerous Vlcers also seise on this part (the Lipp) &c. This grief hastned the end of..Mr. Harriot. 1706 London Gaz. No. 4209/4 Off Leg Joint above the Fetter-lock large, hard swell'd, old Grief. 1727 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Oeconomique (Dublin ed.) at Foul A Swelling and Grief like unto this, breeding between the Clees of the Cattle. in extended use.1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. Math. Præf. sig. biii Theophrastus affirmed, that, by Musike, griefes and diseases of the Minde..might be cured. †b. The seat of disease; the diseased part; the sore place. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > [noun] > seat of disease grief1577 focus1663 foyer1878 storm centre1894 1577 J. Frampton tr. N. Monardes Three Bookes ii. f. 36 The Leaues of this Tabaco beeyng put hot vpon the griefe,..taketh awaie the paines thereof. 1610 G. Markham Maister-peece ii. cxxxi. 434 Mixe these with vinegar, and apply it to the griefe. 1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia ii. 34 For swellings..they vse small peeces of touchwood..which pricking on the griefe they burne close to the flesh. †6. Physical pain or discomfort. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > [noun] sorec825 acheeOE wrakeOE trayOE woe?a1200 pinec1200 sorrowc1225 teenc1225 grievousness1303 dolec1320 balea1325 painc1330 warkingc1340 dolour?c1370 sufferance1422 offencea1425 angerc1440 sufferingc1450 penalty?1462 penality1496 grief1509 stress1533 sufferance1597 somatalgia1607 suffering1609 tort1632 miserya1825 1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. lxxxiii Clawe he his backe that felyth ytche of greue. ?1543 T. Phaer tr. J. Goeurot Regiment of Lyfe sig. Fvii The grefe, which the pacient feleth in hys backe. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 184 Mair throuch sturt and dolour of mynd, than throuch greife of his woundes. 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy i. iii. ii. ii. 258 Hardnes & grief in the left Hypocondry. 1630 Bp. J. Hall Occas. Medit. §lxxxviii The tendernesse of the part addes much to the griefe. 7. a. Mental pain, distress, or sorrow. In modern use in a more limited sense: deep or violent sorrow, caused by loss or trouble; a keen or bitter feeling of regret for something lost, remorse for something done, or sorrow for mishap to oneself or others. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > [noun] rueeOE teeneOE sorrowOE gramec1000 sytec1175 ruthc1225 dolea1240 balec1275 sighinga1300 dolour13.. ermingc1300 heartbreakc1330 discomfortc1350 griefa1375 tristourc1380 desolation1382 sichinga1387 tristesse1390 compassiona1400 rueinga1400 smarta1400 displeasure14.. gremec1400 heavity14.. dillc1420 notea1425 discomforturec1450 dolefulnessc1450 wandremec1450 regratec1485 doleance1490 trista1510 mispleasance1532 pathologiesa1586 balefulness1590 drearing1591 distressedness1592 woenessa1600 desertion1694 ruesomeness1881 schmerz1887 the mind > emotion > suffering > regret > [noun] > remorse pityc1330 agenbite1340 griefa1375 out-thinkinga1382 remorse of conscience (also mind)c1410 remorsea1425 regreta1540 wringing1623 remord1625 resentment1646 heart-searching1647 remordency1658 a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2473 So glad was he þanne, þat na gref vnder god gayned to his ioye. c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 86 The adubbemente of þo downez dere Garten my goste al greffe for-ȝete. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (1483) iv. xx. 66 How may myn eyen..Restreyne them for to shewen by wepyng Myn hertes greef. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 13957 Vlixes..With gronyng and greue gert hym to stynt. ?1555 M. Coverdale tr. Hope of Faythful xxxi. 212 Tediousnesse and grefe runneth customably wyth saturacion or fulnesse. 1568 H. Billingsley tr. P. M. Vermigli Most Learned Comm. Epist. Romanes ix. 237 b Griefe (as sayth Cicero..) is a dissease which vexeth the mind, and it is taken by reason of the euill which semeth to be already at hand, and to be present. 1599 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet v. iii. 210 Griefe of my sonnes exile hath stopt her breath. View more context for this quotation 1612 G. Chapman Widdowes Teares iv. sig. G4^v These Grieues that sound so lowd, proue alwaies light. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. v. 198 Before my arrivall in Aleppo, the Caravan..was from thence departed, which bred no small griefe in my breast. 1653 R. Austen Treat. Fruit-trees 5 He confesseth it with much greife. 1716 J. Addison Drummer ii. 16 There is a real Grief, and there is a methodical Grief. 1757 E. Burke Philos. Enq. Sublime & Beautiful i. §5. 10 If the object [of pleasure] be..totally lost..a passion arises in the mind, which is called grief. 1768 H. Brooke Fool of Quality III. xv. 99 The poor woman..was plentifully pouring forth her tears..for grief of having found him in that condition. 1798 J. Baillie Ct. Basil v. iii, in Ser. of Plays I. 189 Woman's grief is like a summer storm, Short as it violent is. 1817 Ld. Byron Manfred i. i. 9 Grief should be the instructor of the wise. 1883 ‘Ouida’ Wanda I. 36 Their father died of grief for his eldest son. 1888 F. Hume Madame Midas i. i. 18 He..did not show much outward grief. personified.1822 ‘B. Cornwall’ Flood of Thessaly ii. 281 Joy is slow believed, where grief hath lived Long a familiar. b. A cause or subject of grief. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > [noun] sorrowOE ail?c1225 scorpion?c1225 dolec1290 angera1325 anguishc1330 cupa1340 aggrievancea1400 discomfortc1405 afflictionc1429 sytec1440 pressurea1500 constraint1509 tenterhook1532 grief1535 annoying1566 troubler1567 griper1573 vexation1588 infliction1590 trouble1591 temptationc1595 load1600 torment1600 wringer1602 sorance1609 inflicting1611 brusha1616 freighta1631 woe-heart1637 ordeala1658 cut-up1782 unpleasure1792 iron maiden1870 mental cruelty1899 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Prov. xvii. D An vndiscrete sonne is a grefe [so 1611] vnto his father. 1770 O. Goldsmith Deserted Village 57 A time there was, ere England's griefs began. 1885 J. Ruskin Præterita I. v. 167 As fate would have it, they had the one grief of having no children. 8. a. to come to grief: to meet with disaster; (Sport) to have a fall; to fail, prove abortive; so to bring to grief. Chiefly colloquial; somewhat rare in dignified use. Also good (also great) grief!, an exclamation indicating surprise, alarm, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > fail or be unsuccessful [verb (intransitive)] > come to grief misfareOE miswendOE misferec1275 misspeeda1387 miscarryc1387 mischieve?a1400 to catch copper1530 to lose one's seatc1540 mischief1598 to bu(r)st one's boiler1824 to come to grief1850 to come (also go) a mucker1851 to come (fall, get) a cropper1858 mucker1862 to go or be up the flume1865 to come undone1899 to play smash1903 to come to a sticky end1904 to come unstuck1911 the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > have befallen as a misfortune to [verb (transitive)] > bring disaster upon doa1375 pluckc1475 ruin1558 tragedize1593 disaster1596 planet-strike1600 to bring to grief1850 to do in1905 to wreak havoc1926 the mind > mental capacity > expectation > surprise, unexpectedness > exclamation of surprise [interjection] whatOE well, wellOE avoyc1300 ouc1300 ay1340 lorda1393 ahaa1400 hillaa1400 whannowc1450 wow1513 why?1520 heydaya1529 ah1538 ah me!a1547 fore me!a1547 o me!a1547 what the (also a) goodyear1570 precious coals1576 Lord have mercy (on us)1581 good heavens1588 whau1589 coads1590 ay me!1591 my stars!a1593 Gods me1595 law1598 Godso1600 to go out1600 coads-nigs1608 for mercy!a1616 good stars!1615 mercy on us (also me, etc.)!a1616 gramercy1617 goodness1623 what next?1662 mon Dieu1665 heugh1668 criminy1681 Lawd1696 the dickens1697 (God, etc.) bless my heart1704 alackaday1705 (for) mercy's sake!1707 my1707 deuce1710 gracious1712 goodly and gracious1713 my word1722 my stars and garters!1758 lawka1774 losha1779 Lord bless me (also you, us, etc.)1784 great guns!1795 mein Gott1795 Dear me!1805 fancy1813 well, I'm sure!1815 massy1817 Dear, dear!1818 to get off1818 laws1824 Mamma mia1824 by crikey1826 wisha1826 alleleu1829 crackey1830 Madonna mia1830 indeed1834 to go on1835 snakes1839 Jerusalem1840 sapristi1840 oh my days1841 tear and ages1841 what (why, etc.) in time?1844 sakes alive!1846 gee willikers1847 to get away1847 well, to be sure!1847 gee1851 Great Scott1852 holy mackerel!1855 doggone1857 lawsy1868 my wig(s)!1871 gee whiz1872 crimes1874 yoicks1881 Christmas1882 hully gee1895 'ullo1895 my hat!1899 good (also great) grief!1900 strike me pink!1902 oo-er1909 what do you know?1909 cripes1910 coo1911 zowiec1913 can you tie that?1918 hot diggety1924 yeow1924 ziggety1924 stone (or stiffen) the crows1930 hullo1931 tiens1932 whammo1932 po po po1936 how about that?1939 hallo1942 brother1945 tie that!1948 surprise1953 wowee1963 yikes1971 never1974 to sod off1976 whee1978 mercy1986 yipes1989 1850 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis II. xxxvii. 364 I knew that your father had come to—to grief. You don't think it was—it was for your connexion I married you? 1854 W. M. Thackeray Newcomes I. x. 107 We drove on to the Downs, and we were nearly coming to grief. 1857 C. Kingsley Two Years Ago III. iii. 104 As for coming to grief,..we're on a good errand..and the devil himself can't harm us. 1862 T. Shorter in Weldon's Reg. Aug. 4 A People's College..was founded at Nottingham, but speedily came to grief. 1873 Punch 25 Jan. 41/1 The third Empire..brought France to grief. 1883 W. Black Shandon Bells xxvii He pointed out where the coal-smack had come to grief. 1885 J. Martineau Types Ethical Theory I. 139 His logic came to grief. 1900 in Eng. Dial. Dict. Good grief. 1924 Dial. Notes 5 268 Great grief. 1937 R. Chandler Killer in Rain (1964) 227 ‘Good grief,’ De Spain said. ‘He's up there right now.’ 1957 ‘N. Culotta’ They're Weird Mob (1958) 180 ‘Do I ask your father for his daughter's hand?’ ‘Good grief no.’ 1959 ‘A. Gilbert’ Death takes Wife xvii. 226 ‘Wonder if he expected this?’ said the policeman grimly. And he called Crook at his home address. ‘Good grief!’ said Crook, when he heard. 1959 N. Marsh False Scent (1960) iv. 100 Great grief, I'd forgotten that gang! b. Horse Racing and Hunting. Accidents in steeplechasing or in the hunting-field. Also in Golf (see quot. 1897). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > [noun] > accidents in hunting field grief1891 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > horse racing > [noun] > accident in racing grief1891 1891 Sportsman 28 Feb. (Farmer) The flag had scarcely fallen than the grief commenced. 1897 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport I. 472 Grief, when a player has played his ball into a hazard of any description he is said to be in grief. 1898 St. James's Gaz. 15 Nov. 6/1 [A pace sufficient] to test the condition of horses and their riders and to bring about a considerable amount of grief. Compounds C1. a. Simple attributive. grief-drop n. ΚΠ 1838 E. Cook World vii. 1 Though the eye may be dimmed with its grief-drop awhile. b. Objective. grief-drinking adj. ΚΠ c1604 Charlemagne (1938) ii. 41 Charractred on euerye syde of ye griefe drinkinge pap. c. Instrumental. grief-bowed adj. ΚΠ 1839 M. Howitt Marien's Pilgr. xi. iii. 2 Grief-bowed and labour-spent. grief-distraught adj. ΚΠ 1844 E. B. Barrett Duchess May in Poems II. 81 He in sooth is grief-distraught. grief-dulled adj. ΚΠ a1603 F. Davison in E. Farr Sel. Poetry Reign Elizabeth (1845) II. 319 My grief-dull'd heart. grief-exhausted adj. ΚΠ 1768 C. Shaw Addr. Nightingale vi. 87 Till welcome death..Shall kindly stop my grief-exhausted breath. grief-harmonized adj. ΚΠ 1827 T. Hood Hero & Leander lxix, in Plea Midsummer Fairies & Other Poems 92 Though heretofore I have but set my voice To some long sighs, grief harmonized. grief-inspired adj. ΚΠ 1764 Oxford Sausage 77 The grief-inspired Muse. grief-oppressed adj. ΚΠ 1824 T. Fenby Outl. Four Temperaments iv, in Wild Roses 86 Grief-oppress'd, unhappy man. grief-rent adj. ΚΠ 1647 R. Herrick Noble Numbers sig. Ee To shew a heart grief-rent. grief-ridden adj. ΚΠ 1871 A. C. Swinburne Songs before Sunrise 54 In that heart-stricken grief-ridden time. grief-shot adj. ΚΠ a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) v. i. 44 As a discontented Friend, greefe-shot With his vnkindnesse. View more context for this quotation grief-stricken adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > [adjective] sorelyc888 gramec893 sorrowfuleOE unblithec897 sorryeOE carefulOE charyOE sickOE yomerOE sorry-moodOE sweerc1000 yomerlyOE sorrilyOE woea1200 balec1220 sorry?c1225 sorec1275 sorec1275 gremefula1300 sada1300 ruthlyc1300 thoughtfulc1300 woebegonea1325 heavyc1330 grievousc1374 woefula1375 sorrowya1382 dereful?a1400 sorousa1400 sytefula1400 teenfula1400 wrotha1400 balefulc1400 tristy?c1400 tristc1420 dolefulc1430 wapped in woec1440 yhevidc1440 dolenta1450 condolentc1460 discomforted1477 tristfula1492 sorrow1496 dram?a1513 dolorous1513 earnful?1527 troublous1535 amort1546 mournfula1558 passioned1560 sadded1566 tristive1578 distressed1586 passionate1586 sorrowed1596 distressful1601 passionful1605 sighful1606 contristed1625 anguishinga1642 sadful1658 saddened1665 tristitious1694 sick as a parrot1705 pangful1727 woesome1778 grieving1807 ruesome1833 yearned1838 doleant1861 mournsome1869 thoughted1869 tragical1887 grief-stricken1905 1905 Daily Chron. 14 Aug. 5/5 The husband was sent for, but he was so grief-stricken that he had to be removed. 1965 J. Pollitt Depression & its Treatm. ii. 22 Similarly, in human affairs, bereavement occurring during a depressive illness is not followed by the normal process of forgetting, the patient remaining grief-stricken. grief-worn adj. ΚΠ 1859 K. Cornwallis Panorama New World I. 202 He looked grief-worn. C2. grief-muscles n. a name given by Darwin to certain muscles concerned in the facial expression of grief. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > muscle > muscles of specific parts > [noun] > muscles of cheek or temple temporal?1541 trumpeter's muscle1615 crotaphite1653 buccinator1657 zygomatic1811 grief-muscles1872 1872 C. Darwin Expression Emotions Man & Animals vii. 185 Cases of Hypochondria, in which the grief-muscles were persistently contracted. grief therapy n. (see quot.). ΚΠ 1963 J. Mitford Amer. Way of Death ii. 58 ‘Grief therapy’ is..commonly used by funeral men to describe the mental and emotional solace which, they claim, is achieved for the bereaved family as a result of being able to ‘view’ the embalmed and restored deceased. Draft additions 1997 colloquial (originally U.S.). Trouble, unpleasantness, ‘hassle’; unstinting criticism or disparagement. Frequently in to give (make, have, etc.) grief. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > criticism > [noun] > severe biting1382 tomahawking1777 sledgehammering1853 grief1891 pan1899 panning1908 excoriation1924 flak1968 the world > action or operation > adversity > be in adversity [verb (intransitive)] > undergo an ordeal to go (also jump) through (the) hoop(s)1917 to give (make, have, etc.) grief1929 the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > criticism > criticize [verb (intransitive)] > severely quip1542 snap1579 quib1580 to lash out1884 slam1884 to rip into——1907 to lace into1908 to light into ——1922 to give (make, have, etc.) grief1974 excoriate1985 1891 Sportsman 28 Feb. in P. Beale Partridge's Dict. Slang (ed. 8, 1984) 503/1 The flag had scarcely fallen than [sic] the grief commenced. 1929 D. Hammett Dain Curse xii. 121 ‘You could have got me in on it,’ he had complained before our soup was in front of us... ‘I had’, I said, ‘enough grief with the one guy I did let in on it—Eric Collinson.’ 1940 R. Chandler Farewell, my Lovely xviii. 141 There's not much money in it. There's a lot of grief. But there's a lot of fun too. 1974 A. Lurie War between Tates (1977) viii. 160 I thought how I was making all this grief for you and Danielle, and what I ought to do is..take the next bus to New York. 1986 C. Hope Hottentot Room xiv. 203 Say you'll come home, Caleb. It will save a lot of grief. 1989 Face Jan. 66/2 Mann has had grief from snobby film critics and from the censorship lobby. 1990 D. Peterson Dress Gray i. 10 One female several doors down kept her curling iron. She got caught trying to use it one weekend and really took some grief from the cadre. 2015 N. Smith tr. J. Nesbo Blood on Snow ix. 63 They were on the wrong track from day one, and never came close to giving me any grief. Draft additions June 2014 grief counselling n. counselling intended to assist people, typically those who have been bereaved, in coping with their grief. ΚΠ 1974 Chicago Defender 15 Aug. 14/3 Such occurrences often lead to strong guilt feelings, and underscore the need for grief counseling. 1996 J. W. Worden Children & Grief ix. 139 Our research has shown that not all bereaved children need or would necessarily profit from grief counseling. 2012 Express (Nexis) 30 Oct. 8 Labour leader Ed Miliband received grief counselling when his father died, he revealed last night. Draft additions June 2014 grief counsellor n. a practitioner of grief counselling. ΚΠ 1963 Washington Post 25 Oct. c8/3 [He] has just the proper appearance and manner to make a splendid ‘grief counselor’. 1987 R. Shilts And Band played On (1988) iv. xii. 123 A volunteer grief counselor with a Berkeley death-and-dying group. 2005 C. Cleave Incendiary 61 That woman in the tweed suit was a grief counsellor. All the time I stayed in hospital we met twice a week to talk through my loss. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † griefadj.adv. Forms: Middle English greif, Middle English grefe, greue, greeffe. Etymology: < Old French gref < Latin gravis (also grief < Latin grevis , later form of gravis* , influenced by levis light) heavy, grave adj.¹ Obsolete. A. adj. Grievous, grave; troublesome, oppressive; (of armour) ? formidable. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being harassed > [adjective] > harassing griefa1300 grievous13.. travailinga1450 importunatea1500 unportunatea1533 importunable1566 infestive1570 infestuous1593 plaguey1595 infestious1597 importunous1598 obsidious1615 vexatious?1626 pestifying1716 harassing1833 obsidional1879 infesting1881 obseding1885 a1300 Cursor Mundi 27986 Þis sin..it es sua greif and god wit gan þat..it files þar it es don or said. 1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 10262 Here synne ys grefe þat bryngeþ a trew man on a þefe. c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 138 If it so be, of Scotlond skape a thefe, & till Inglond fle, als a felon grefe. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 166 For it is an unwise vengeaunce, Which to none other man is lefe, And is unto him selve grefe. 1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. dii^* Lordis laught thair lancis..And graithit thame to y^e gait in thair greif geir. 1520 Chron. Eng. iii. f. 21^v/1 Whiche worke he ended in 2 yere and 4 monethes and that with greve impedymentes. B. adv. Grievously, excessively. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being harassed > [adverb] grievously1303 teenfullya1375 griefc1400 infestuously1604 on, upon the back of1608 pesteringly1657 harassingly1822 c1400 Destr. Troy 3044 Hir nose..was nobly shapyn,.. Noght growen to grete ne to grefe smalle. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xxiv. 112 He fell greeffe seke [Fr. il cheust en maladie] and feled wele þat he myght noȝt couer of þat sekeness. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.?c1225adj.adv.a1300
随便看	to be fresh out of to be friend to to be friends to to be friends with to be fulfilled in a person's ears to be full of beans to be full of crap to be full of etc to be full of it to be full of prunes to be full of shit to be fun to be further to be gagging for to be gagging for it to be gasping to be gathered to one's fathers to be gathered to one's people to be gazetted to be gazetted out to be get hopping to be get into someone's skin to be getting on for to be getting on for to to be getting on for towards

griefn.

Compounds

Draft additions 1997

Draft additions June 2014

Draft additions June 2014

† griefadj.adv.