grand-comb. form

Stress is often attracted to this combining form, e.g. grand-pupil Brit.

/ˈɡrandˌpjuːpl/, U.S.

/ˈɡrændˌpjup(ə)l/.

Forms: Middle English graunte-, Middle English grawn-, Middle English grawnte-, Middle English–1500s gran-, Middle English–1500s graun-, Middle English–1500s graund-, Middle English–1500s graunt-, Middle English– grand-, 1500s grande-, 1500s graunde-, 1600s grannd-, 1600s grawnde-, 1800s– gran'- (Scottish).

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French grant, grand.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman graunt, graund, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French grant, Anglo-Norman and Middle French grand (see grand adj.), after similar use in French forming nouns denoting the second degree removed in ascent in relationship.French models. The words grandam n. and grandsire n. are both attested considerably earlier than grand adj., and it is likely that this element entered English earlier in compounds of this type than as the simplex adjective. grandsire n. appears a simple borrowing from Old French grantsire . grandam n. probably likewise shows a borrowing, although the corresponding type is not attested in French until much later. The next two compounds attested are grandmother n., modelled on a compound attested much earlier (although very sparingly) in French, and grandfather n., apparently attested earlier than Middle French grant pere in the meaning ‘grandfather’. The usual terms meaning ‘grandfather’ and ‘grandmother’ in written use in Old French were aieul and aieule (in Anglo-Norman ael and aele : see aiel n.). It is likely that the compounds in grant , grand were originally popular, non-literary forms in French, which may explain the discrepancies in date shown by some of the English compounds. Compare similarly Middle Dutch grotevader , grotemoeder (Dutch grootvader , grootmoeder ), Middle Low German grotevader , grotemoeder , Middle High German grossvater , grossmutter (German Großvater , Großmutter ), all probably modelled on French. Reference to degree of descent in relationship. Use with reference to degree of descent (as opposed to ascent) in relationship (earliest found in grandchild n. and grandson n.) apparently shows an innovation within English (compare corresponding use of petit ‘little’ in French).

Forming nouns denoting the second degree removed in ascent or descent of family relationship from what is denoted by the second element, as †grand-forefather. Also in extended uses, as grand-dog, grand-offspring, grand-patron, grand-pupil, grand-student.Formerly occasionally repeated, indicating the third degree removed, as †grand-grand-father, †grand-grand-child (obsolete); cf. great adj. 12.

ΚΠ

1578 T. Tymme tr. J. Calvin Comm. Genesis ix. 235 His great graunde graunde father [L. atauus].

1599 H. Buttes Dyets Dry Dinner sig. D6 When our grand-forefathers had a long time lived with Acorns.

1638 J. Ballard Hist. Susanna sig. E4^v Thy grand forefather's lovely actions.

1743 H. Fielding Wedding Day iii. ii. 35 A Sett of young Lords and Ladies my Grand Grand Children!

1825 J. Bentham Indications Respecting Ld. Eldon 14 Say patron and grandpatron, as you say son and grandson. Grand patronage is not so valuable as patronage.

1825 J. Bentham Indications Respecting Ld. Eldon 16 Wherever you can see a grand patron other than the king, seeing the king, you see a great grand patron.

1883 P. Schaff Apostolic Christianity 678 Irenaeus..a spiritual grand-pupil of John.

1926 W. R. Inge Lay Thoughts 181 Its great-great-grand-offspring.

1975 Nature 6 Mar. 4/2 Through a lineage which can be worked out with names and dates in detail, Julian's son Francis was his own great grand-pupil.

1994 C. Sagan Pale Blue Dot vii. 107 Joseph Veverka..was my graduate student..and therefore..a grandstudent of Kuiper's.

2008 M. Markoe Nose Down, Eyes Up xxxvii. 254 ‘I can hardly stand to say goodbye to my little grand-dog here,’ Said Milt, coming out of the house carrying Dink.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	grand-
释义	grand-comb. form Stress is often attracted to this combining form, e.g. grand-pupil Brit. /ˈɡrandˌpjuːpl/, U.S. /ˈɡrændˌpjup(ə)l/. Forms: Middle English graunte-, Middle English grawn-, Middle English grawnte-, Middle English–1500s gran-, Middle English–1500s graun-, Middle English–1500s graund-, Middle English–1500s graunt-, Middle English– grand-, 1500s grande-, 1500s graunde-, 1600s grannd-, 1600s grawnde-, 1800s– gran'- (Scottish). Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French grant, grand. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman graunt, graund, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French grant, Anglo-Norman and Middle French grand (see grand adj.), after similar use in French forming nouns denoting the second degree removed in ascent in relationship.French models. The words grandam n. and grandsire n. are both attested considerably earlier than grand adj., and it is likely that this element entered English earlier in compounds of this type than as the simplex adjective. grandsire n. appears a simple borrowing from Old French grantsire . grandam n. probably likewise shows a borrowing, although the corresponding type is not attested in French until much later. The next two compounds attested are grandmother n., modelled on a compound attested much earlier (although very sparingly) in French, and grandfather n., apparently attested earlier than Middle French grant pere in the meaning ‘grandfather’. The usual terms meaning ‘grandfather’ and ‘grandmother’ in written use in Old French were aieul and aieule (in Anglo-Norman ael and aele : see aiel n.). It is likely that the compounds in grant , grand were originally popular, non-literary forms in French, which may explain the discrepancies in date shown by some of the English compounds. Compare similarly Middle Dutch grotevader , grotemoeder (Dutch grootvader , grootmoeder ), Middle Low German grotevader , grotemoeder , Middle High German grossvater , grossmutter (German Großvater , Großmutter ), all probably modelled on French. Reference to degree of descent in relationship. Use with reference to degree of descent (as opposed to ascent) in relationship (earliest found in grandchild n. and grandson n.) apparently shows an innovation within English (compare corresponding use of petit ‘little’ in French). Forming nouns denoting the second degree removed in ascent or descent of family relationship from what is denoted by the second element, as †grand-forefather. Also in extended uses, as grand-dog, grand-offspring, grand-patron, grand-pupil, grand-student.Formerly occasionally repeated, indicating the third degree removed, as †grand-grand-father, †grand-grand-child (obsolete); cf. great adj. 12. ΚΠ 1578 T. Tymme tr. J. Calvin Comm. Genesis ix. 235 His great graunde graunde father [L. atauus]. 1599 H. Buttes Dyets Dry Dinner sig. D6 When our grand-forefathers had a long time lived with Acorns. 1638 J. Ballard Hist. Susanna sig. E4^v Thy grand forefather's lovely actions. 1743 H. Fielding Wedding Day iii. ii. 35 A Sett of young Lords and Ladies my Grand Grand Children! 1825 J. Bentham Indications Respecting Ld. Eldon 14 Say patron and grandpatron, as you say son and grandson. Grand patronage is not so valuable as patronage. 1825 J. Bentham Indications Respecting Ld. Eldon 16 Wherever you can see a grand patron other than the king, seeing the king, you see a great grand patron. 1883 P. Schaff Apostolic Christianity 678 Irenaeus..a spiritual grand-pupil of John. 1926 W. R. Inge Lay Thoughts 181 Its great-great-grand-offspring. 1975 Nature 6 Mar. 4/2 Through a lineage which can be worked out with names and dates in detail, Julian's son Francis was his own great grand-pupil. 1994 C. Sagan Pale Blue Dot vii. 107 Joseph Veverka..was my graduate student..and therefore..a grandstudent of Kuiper's. 2008 M. Markoe Nose Down, Eyes Up xxxvii. 254 ‘I can hardly stand to say goodbye to my little grand-dog here,’ Said Milt, coming out of the house carrying Dink. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < comb. form1578
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