gravitationn.

/ɡravɪˈteɪʃən/

Etymology: < modern Latin gravitātiōn-em, noun of action < gravitāre to gravitate adj. Compare French gravitation.

1. Physics.

a. The action or process of gravitating; in early use, the falling of bodies to the earth or their sinking to their lowest level; in later use applied in wider sense to the process of which this is an instance, the moving or tending to a centre of attraction.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [noun] > descending under gravity

gravitation1664

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > gravity > [noun] > process of

gravitation1664

1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. ii. 104 This Experiment seems onely to evince the gravitation of Ayr condensed.

a1698 C. Morton Ess. Stork & Turtle (1703) 12 If the Opinion be true; that Gravidation [sic] is from the Magnetism of the Earth, then, the more remote from the Earth, the less is the Gravity.

1713 G. Berkeley in Guardian 5 Aug. 2/1 The mutual Gravitation of Bodies.

1793 M. Baillie Morbid Anat. iv. 43 Where blood too is accumulated in any part of a lung after death from gravitation, it is always of a dark colour.

1814 J. Playfair Outl. Nat. Philos. II. ii. vii. 308 To inquire how the gravitation toward distant bodies, such as the Sun and Moon, may affect the Earth's rotation on its axis.

1855 D. Brewster Mem. Life I. Newton (new ed.) I. ii. 26 If the moon was thus kept in her orbit by gravitation to the earth, or, in other words, its attraction.

1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 23 Mar. 5/1 The substitution of irrigation by gravitation instead of by pumps.

b. The amount or degree of such attraction.

ΚΠ

1814 J. Playfair Outl. Nat. Philos. II. ii. iii. 266 The gravitation of one planet to another, is expressed by the quantity of matter in each, divided by the square of the distance.

2. The attraction of one body for another, or the effective force of one body moving towards another; the tendency of every particle of matter towards every other particle, of which the fall of bodies to the earth is an instance.The law of gravitation, according to which the attractive force of bodies varies directly as their masses and inversely as the square of the distance between them, was discovered by Sir Isaac Newton.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > heavenly body > [noun] > gravitation

gravitation1646

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > attractive

gravitation1646

attraction1653

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iv. vii. 196 In carcasses warme..there doe exhale and breathe out vaporous and fluid parts, which carry away some power of gravitation .

1693 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. vii. 30 The Gravitating power of each of These [planets]..arises from the several Gravitations or Attractions of every individual Particle that compose the whole Mass.

1704 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 24 1701 The Grand Phænomena of Nature he hath explain'd from the best Authors, as the Law of Gravitation from Mr Newton.

1728 H. Pemberton View Sir I. Newton's Philos. 17 This power of gravitation extends up to the moon, and causes that planet to gravitate..towards the earth.

1729 A. Pope Dunciad (new ed.) ii. 298 Whirlpools and storms his circling arm invest, With all the might of gravitation blest.

1757 T. Simpson Misc. Tracts Pref. The famous objection..made to Sir Isaac Newton's general Law of Gravitation..was a notice.

1813 H. Davy Elements Agric. Chem. ii. 28 One of the most important properties belonging to matter is gravitation.

1829 W. Scott Anne of Geierstein I. ii. 39 The power of gravitation determined a direct and forward descent.

1837 W. Whewell Hist. Inductive Sci. II. 236 They..obeyed the law of universal gravitation.

1860 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea (ed. 8) ii. §95 But for the forces of gravitation the waters of the Mississippi would remain at its fountain.

1877 T. H. Huxley Physiogr. (1878) xxi. 371 The force by which the iron rushes to the earth is called gravitation.

3. transferred and figurative. The fact or condition of being attracted towards an object or point of influence; natural tendency (to or towards); in bad sense, tendency to sink to a low level.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > tendency > [noun]

kinda1200

disposingc1380

disposition1393

aptc1400

hieldc1400

remotiona1425

inclination?a1439

incliningc1450

taste1477

intendment1509

benta1535

swing1538

approclivity1546

aptness1548

swinge1548

drift1549

set1567

addiction1570

disposedness1583

swaya1586

leaning1587

intention1594

inflection1597

inclinableness1608

appetite1626

vogue1626

tendency1628

tendence1632

aptitude1633

gravitation1644

propension1644

biasing1645

conducement1646

flexure1652

propendency1660

tend1663

vergencya1665

pend1674

to have a way of1748

polarity1767

appetency1802

drive1885

overleaning1896

1644 K. Digby Two Treat. ii. Concl. 454 The vehemence and intensenesse of any pleasure, is proportionable..to the grauitation, bent, and greatnesse, that such a subiect hath to the obiect that delighteth it.

1688 J. Norris Theory & Regulation Love i. iii. 26 That moral Gravity and Gravitation of the Soul impress'd on her by the universal Good acting attractively upon her.

1785 W. Cowper Task v. 588 That low And sordid gravitation of his pow'rs To a vile clod.

a1807 W. Wordsworth Prelude (1959) ii. 56 The gravitation and the filial bond Of nature, that connect him with the world.

1851 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire III. xxxii. 495 We shall..observe the general gravitation of the whole machine towards a more absolute despotism.

1876 E. Mellor Priesthood viii. 372 That strong gravitation towards evil.

1883 J. Gilmour Among Mongols xxxii. 373 Russia has toleration for all religions, but the gravitation is towards..the Greek Church.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

gravitation law n.

ΚΠ

1849 H. Miller Foot-prints of Creator 251 Such..would be the direct effects of this gravitation law.

gravitation supply n. (Cf. sense 1.)

ΚΠ

1896 Westm. Gaz. 30 July 7/2 It [the water] will be served by a gravitation supply under a net head of about 65ft.

C2.

gravitation battery n. = gravity battery n. at gravity n. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > voltaic or galvanic battery > [noun]

electric battery1774

pile1800

battery1801

trough1806

voltaic battery1812

voltaic pile1812

magnetomotor1823

trough battery1841

gas battery1843

gravity battery1870

sand-battery1873

Bunsen battery1879

gravitation battery1883

magazine batterya1884

perfluent batterya1884

1883 F. Jenkin Electr. & Magn. (ed. 7) 227 Gravitation batteries are like the Menotti's with the sawdust removed.

gravitation constant n. = gravitational constant n. at gravitational adj. Compounds.

ΚΠ

1889 Cent. Dict. at Constant The gravitation constant is about 0·0000000658 of a c.g.s. unit.

1894 Nature 2 Aug. 330/2 This G, the gravitation constant, or as I prefer to call it..the Newtonian Constant of Gravitation, has nothing to do with that other quantity generally written g, which represents the attraction of the earth's surface.

1910 Encycl. Brit. XII. 385/1 The law of gravitation states that two masses M₁ and M₂, distant d from each other, are pulled together each with a force G.M₁M₂/d², where G is a constant for all kinds of matter—the gravitation constant.

gravitation measure n. (see quot. ).

ΚΠ

1875 J. D. Everett Illustr. C.G.S. Syst. Units 13 Force is said to be expressed in gravitation-measure when it is expressed as equal to the weight of a given mass.

gravitation stamp n. = gravity stamp n. at gravity n. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for treating ores > [noun] > for crushing ore

stamping-mill1552

bucker1653

buck1683

stamp-mill1752

Ball stamp1860

jaw-breaker1877

jaw-crusher1877

spaller1877

arrastre1881

trapiche1881

gravitation stamp1894

ball mill1895

gravity stamp1903

slugger1903

tube-mill1909

1894 T. K. Rose Metall. Gold 99 Californian ‘gravitation’ stamps are in general use..for crushing gold ores.

1914 W. Gowland Metall. Non-ferrous Metals 200 A modern heavy gravitation stamp.

† gravitation unit n. Obsolete = gravitational unit n. at gravitational adj. Compounds.

ΚΠ

1872 Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1871 ii. 29 The object of the paper was to urge the necessity of giving names to absolute units of force and energy, that is, units not varying with locality, like the gravitation units vulgarly employed (pound, foot-pound, &c.), but defined by reference to specified units of length, mass, and time.

1885 A. Macfarlane Physical Arithm. xxxiii. 192 Work is also measured in terms of gravitation units, by taking the corresponding gravitation unit of force instead of the absolute unit of force.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	gravitation
释义	gravitationn. /ɡravɪˈteɪʃən/ Etymology: < modern Latin gravitātiōn-em, noun of action < gravitāre to gravitate adj. Compare French gravitation. 1. Physics. a. The action or process of gravitating; in early use, the falling of bodies to the earth or their sinking to their lowest level; in later use applied in wider sense to the process of which this is an instance, the moving or tending to a centre of attraction. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [noun] > descending under gravity gravitation1664 the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > gravity > [noun] > process of gravitation1664 1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. ii. 104 This Experiment seems onely to evince the gravitation of Ayr condensed. a1698 C. Morton Ess. Stork & Turtle (1703) 12 If the Opinion be true; that Gravidation [sic] is from the Magnetism of the Earth, then, the more remote from the Earth, the less is the Gravity. 1713 G. Berkeley in Guardian 5 Aug. 2/1 The mutual Gravitation of Bodies. 1793 M. Baillie Morbid Anat. iv. 43 Where blood too is accumulated in any part of a lung after death from gravitation, it is always of a dark colour. 1814 J. Playfair Outl. Nat. Philos. II. ii. vii. 308 To inquire how the gravitation toward distant bodies, such as the Sun and Moon, may affect the Earth's rotation on its axis. 1855 D. Brewster Mem. Life I. Newton (new ed.) I. ii. 26 If the moon was thus kept in her orbit by gravitation to the earth, or, in other words, its attraction. 1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 23 Mar. 5/1 The substitution of irrigation by gravitation instead of by pumps. b. The amount or degree of such attraction. ΚΠ 1814 J. Playfair Outl. Nat. Philos. II. ii. iii. 266 The gravitation of one planet to another, is expressed by the quantity of matter in each, divided by the square of the distance. 2. The attraction of one body for another, or the effective force of one body moving towards another; the tendency of every particle of matter towards every other particle, of which the fall of bodies to the earth is an instance.The law of gravitation, according to which the attractive force of bodies varies directly as their masses and inversely as the square of the distance between them, was discovered by Sir Isaac Newton. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > heavenly body > [noun] > gravitation gravitation1646 the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > attractive gravitation1646 attraction1653 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iv. vii. 196 In carcasses warme..there doe exhale and breathe out vaporous and fluid parts, which carry away some power of gravitation . View more context for this quotation 1693 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. vii. 30 The Gravitating power of each of These [planets]..arises from the several Gravitations or Attractions of every individual Particle that compose the whole Mass. 1704 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 24 1701 The Grand Phænomena of Nature he hath explain'd from the best Authors, as the Law of Gravitation from Mr Newton. 1728 H. Pemberton View Sir I. Newton's Philos. 17 This power of gravitation extends up to the moon, and causes that planet to gravitate..towards the earth. 1729 A. Pope Dunciad (new ed.) ii. 298 Whirlpools and storms his circling arm invest, With all the might of gravitation blest. 1757 T. Simpson Misc. Tracts Pref. The famous objection..made to Sir Isaac Newton's general Law of Gravitation..was a notice. 1813 H. Davy Elements Agric. Chem. ii. 28 One of the most important properties belonging to matter is gravitation. 1829 W. Scott Anne of Geierstein I. ii. 39 The power of gravitation determined a direct and forward descent. 1837 W. Whewell Hist. Inductive Sci. II. 236 They..obeyed the law of universal gravitation. 1860 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea (ed. 8) ii. §95 But for the forces of gravitation the waters of the Mississippi would remain at its fountain. 1877 T. H. Huxley Physiogr. (1878) xxi. 371 The force by which the iron rushes to the earth is called gravitation. 3. transferred and figurative. The fact or condition of being attracted towards an object or point of influence; natural tendency (to or towards); in bad sense, tendency to sink to a low level. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > tendency > [noun] kinda1200 disposingc1380 disposition1393 aptc1400 hieldc1400 remotiona1425 inclination?a1439 incliningc1450 taste1477 intendment1509 benta1535 swing1538 approclivity1546 aptness1548 swinge1548 drift1549 set1567 addiction1570 disposedness1583 swaya1586 leaning1587 intention1594 inflection1597 inclinableness1608 appetite1626 vogue1626 tendency1628 tendence1632 aptitude1633 gravitation1644 propension1644 biasing1645 conducement1646 flexure1652 propendency1660 tend1663 vergencya1665 pend1674 to have a way of1748 polarity1767 appetency1802 drive1885 overleaning1896 1644 K. Digby Two Treat. ii. Concl. 454 The vehemence and intensenesse of any pleasure, is proportionable..to the grauitation, bent, and greatnesse, that such a subiect hath to the obiect that delighteth it. 1688 J. Norris Theory & Regulation Love i. iii. 26 That moral Gravity and Gravitation of the Soul impress'd on her by the universal Good acting attractively upon her. 1785 W. Cowper Task v. 588 That low And sordid gravitation of his pow'rs To a vile clod. a1807 W. Wordsworth Prelude (1959) ii. 56 The gravitation and the filial bond Of nature, that connect him with the world. 1851 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire III. xxxii. 495 We shall..observe the general gravitation of the whole machine towards a more absolute despotism. 1876 E. Mellor Priesthood viii. 372 That strong gravitation towards evil. 1883 J. Gilmour Among Mongols xxxii. 373 Russia has toleration for all religions, but the gravitation is towards..the Greek Church. Compounds C1. General attributive. gravitation law n. ΚΠ 1849 H. Miller Foot-prints of Creator 251 Such..would be the direct effects of this gravitation law. gravitation supply n. (Cf. sense 1.) ΚΠ 1896 Westm. Gaz. 30 July 7/2 It [the water] will be served by a gravitation supply under a net head of about 65ft. C2. gravitation battery n. = gravity battery n. at gravity n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > voltaic or galvanic battery > [noun] electric battery1774 pile1800 battery1801 trough1806 voltaic battery1812 voltaic pile1812 magnetomotor1823 trough battery1841 gas battery1843 gravity battery1870 sand-battery1873 Bunsen battery1879 gravitation battery1883 magazine batterya1884 perfluent batterya1884 1883 F. Jenkin Electr. & Magn. (ed. 7) 227 Gravitation batteries are like the Menotti's with the sawdust removed. gravitation constant n. = gravitational constant n. at gravitational adj. Compounds. ΚΠ 1889 Cent. Dict. at Constant The gravitation constant is about 0·0000000658 of a c.g.s. unit. 1894 Nature 2 Aug. 330/2 This G, the gravitation constant, or as I prefer to call it..the Newtonian Constant of Gravitation, has nothing to do with that other quantity generally written g, which represents the attraction of the earth's surface. 1910 Encycl. Brit. XII. 385/1 The law of gravitation states that two masses M₁ and M₂, distant d from each other, are pulled together each with a force G.M₁M₂/d², where G is a constant for all kinds of matter—the gravitation constant. gravitation measure n. (see quot. ). ΚΠ 1875 J. D. Everett Illustr. C.G.S. Syst. Units 13 Force is said to be expressed in gravitation-measure when it is expressed as equal to the weight of a given mass. gravitation stamp n. = gravity stamp n. at gravity n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for treating ores > [noun] > for crushing ore stamping-mill1552 bucker1653 buck1683 stamp-mill1752 Ball stamp1860 jaw-breaker1877 jaw-crusher1877 spaller1877 arrastre1881 trapiche1881 gravitation stamp1894 ball mill1895 gravity stamp1903 slugger1903 tube-mill1909 1894 T. K. Rose Metall. Gold 99 Californian ‘gravitation’ stamps are in general use..for crushing gold ores. 1914 W. Gowland Metall. Non-ferrous Metals 200 A modern heavy gravitation stamp. † gravitation unit n. Obsolete = gravitational unit n. at gravitational adj. Compounds. ΚΠ 1872 Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1871 ii. 29 The object of the paper was to urge the necessity of giving names to absolute units of force and energy, that is, units not varying with locality, like the gravitation units vulgarly employed (pound, foot-pound, &c.), but defined by reference to specified units of length, mass, and time. 1885 A. Macfarlane Physical Arithm. xxxiii. 192 Work is also measured in terms of gravitation units, by taking the corresponding gravitation unit of force instead of the absolute unit of force. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1644
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