glaiven.

Brit.

/ɡleɪv/, U.S.

/ɡleɪv/

Forms: Also Middle English–1500s gleyve, (1500s gleive, glieve), Middle English–1500s, 1800s dialect gleve, 1500s–1600s, 1800s dialect gleave, 1800s dialect gleeve; Middle English gla(y)fe, Middle English–1500s glayve, (1500s Scottish glaif), Middle English–1600s glave.

Etymology: < Old French glaive, gleive lance (modern French glaive poetic = sword). Hatzfeld & Darmesteter regard Old French glaive as an adapted form of Latin gladius (through the stages gladie, glaie, glavie). Ascoli supposes it to represent a Celtic *cladivo- (Old Irish claideb sword, Gaelic claidheamh). Neither view, however, accounts for the earliest meaning of the word in Old French, which is also that of Middle High German glavîe, glævîn, Middle Dutch glavie, glaye, Swedish glaven.

A name given at different periods to three distinct kinds of weapons, viz. lance, bill, and sword.The second of these senses seems to be peculiar to English, the others are derived from French; in a large number of passages it is impossible to determine from the context which weapon is intended, esp. in the case of later writers.

†1.

a. A lance or spear. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > spear or lance > [noun]

spearc725

ordeOE

spriteOE

wal-speara1000

gareOE

shaftc1000

staffc1275

glaive1297

lancegayc1386

gad1422

burdounc1440

Jedburgh (Jedworth, Jedwood etc.) staff1515

puncheon pole1548

puncheon spear1548

puncheon staff1548

punching staff1562

prag1582

sarissa1736

staff weapon1788

windlestraw1831

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 4165 He hem ssende Mid gleyue oþer mid roches, and vewe aliue he let.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 4690 Hure ȝeate [þay] gunne defende, Wyþ launces & gleues kene.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 7745 Nou her I leue þe kinges glaiue.

a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xiii. l. 786 To-gederis they weren Met The lengthe of A Gleyve with-owten let.

1592 W. Wyrley Lord Chandos in True Vse Armorie 50 Sir Eustace..Did baisse his gleaue and well imbrace his shield.

†b. A lance set up as winning-post in a race, and given as a prize to the successful competitor; hence, a prize. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > token of victory or supreme excellence > [noun] > prize > other specific prize

glaivec1380

cupc1640

pewter1814

banner1840

presentation cup1844

blue ribbon1860

ribbon1860

shield1868

special1872

wager-cup1878

presentation bowl1896

rose bowl1970

quaich1971

c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. II. 258 ‘Certis þei rennen all, but oon of hem takiþ þe gleyve..’ Men usen ofte þis gamen, þat two men..rennen a space for a priis, and he þat comeþ first to his ende shal have þe gamen þat is sett, wheþer it be spere or gloves [v.r. gleyves] or oþir þing þat is putt.

1483 Cath. Angl. 157/2 A Glayfe, brauium.

1500 Ortus Vocabulaorum E iij Brauium est primum [1518 premium] vel victoria: the pryce of a game, or a glayue.

a1555 J. Bradford in M. Coverdale Certain Lett. Martyrs (1564) 282 Caste your eies on the gleue ye runne at, or els ye wil loose the game.

in combination.1483 Cath. Angl. 157/2 A Glayfe wynner, braueta.

c. dialect. A fish-spear.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > spear > [noun]

pricka1350

garfanglec1440

wawsper1472

spear1551

waster1580

fizgig1589

visgee1593

fish-spear1611

glaive1640

fish-giga1642

gaff1656

gig1705

lance1728

sticker1772

graina1818

picaroon1837

pickpole1837

fishing-spear1840

lily-iron1852

gambeering iron1883

mackerel gaff1883

1640 tr. J. A. Comenius Janua Linguarum Reserata (new ed.) xxxviii. §427 There are some that glave small fishes with a three-tined fish-spear [glave].

1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words I. 276 Gleeve, a pole about four yards long, with serrated prongs, used for catching eels.

1879 W. G. Waters in Norfolk Archæol. viii. 170 Gleave, an eel spear.

1893 S. Baring-Gould Cheap Jack Zita II. xx. 102 He..produced a singular weapon or tool, locally termed a gleve.

†2.

a. A weapon consisting of a blade fastened to a long handle; a kind of halbert. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > halberd > [noun]

weyc1275

poleaxe1294

billc1300

glaivec1450

langue de boeuf1450

halberd1497

budgea1522

brown-bill1589

ox-tongue1611

partisan1611

Lochaber axe1618

feather-staff1622

halberd staff1687

battle-axe1709

ko1923

c1450 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 270 Ordeyn eche man..to be ther redy, With exys, gleyvis, and swerdys bryth.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. lix. 80 He had in his hond a great glaue, sharpe and well stelyd, and aboue the blade, ther was a sharpe hoke of stele.

1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 276 Y^e senates..stood in feare of his billes & glieues.

1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. xi. sig. Y2 [They] ouer all the fields themselues did muster, With bils and glayues making a dreadfull luster.

1629 J. Maxwell tr. Herodian Hist. ii. vii. 49 Suddenly the Country Clownes came in with their Clubs and Glaiues [Gk. τά τε ξύλα καὶ τοὺς πελέκεις: on p. 48 the same words are rendered ‘Clubs and Bills’].

1678 S. Butler Hudibras: Third Pt. iii. ii. 125 Zeal with Aged Clubs and Gleaves, Gave chase to Rochets and White Sleeves.

†b. A soldier armed with a glaive. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > armed man > [noun] > halberd

bill1495

bill-hagera1500

halberdier1517

billman1530

halberds1543

glaive1577

halberdman1595

partisan1649

1577 R. Holinshed Chron. II. 954/1 There be in that towne more than .iij.C. glaiues, and iij.C. yeomen.

3. A sword; esp. a broadsword. archaic and poetic.In early quots. possibly representing. Gaelic claidheamh; cf. glaymore at claymore n. Forms.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > side arms > sword > [noun] > broadsword

billOE

falchion1303

glaive1488

broadswordc1565

glay1568

foutch1580

Andrew1618

curtan1697

Ferrara1763

claymore1772

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xi. l. 367 Awkwart he straik with his scharp groundyn glawe [= 358 his gud suerd of steill].

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid iii. viii. 23 The feirs Orion with his goldin glaif.

1670 J. Milton Hist. Brit. ii. 75 The Britans had a certain skill with their broad swashing Swords and short Bucklers... Agricola discerning that those little Targets and unweildie Glaves ill pointed, would soon become ridiculous against the thrust and close, commanded [etc.].

1787 R. Burns Poems (new ed.) 312 But Cl–nt–ns glaive frae rust to save He hung it to the wa', man.

1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II ii. lvii. 89 The Delhi with his cap of terror on, And crooked glaive.

1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe II. iv. 53 To maintain the..honour of his English ancestry with the glaive and brown-bill, the good old weapons of his country.

1887 C. Bowen tr. Virgil Æneid ii, in tr. Virgil in Eng. Verse 127 [He] girds on the Achæan's glittering glaive.

figurative.1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) ii. xii. sig. m.iii And therfore sayth the Psalmyste, that the tonges of synners is the glayue [printed glayne] of the deuyll.

Derivatives

glaive v. †(a) to spear (a fish) (obsolete); (b) to arm with a glaive (nonce-use).

ΚΠ

1640 [see sense 1c].

1821 J. Baillie W. Wallace in Metrical Legends vii. 9 Which helmed his brow, and glaved his hand.

glaived adj. armed with a glaive.

ΚΠ

1873 J. R. Lowell Cathedral (rev. ed.) in Poet. Wks. 452/2 Of the glaived tyrant and long-memoried priest.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	glaive
释义	glaiven. Brit. /ɡleɪv/, U.S. /ɡleɪv/ Forms: Also Middle English–1500s gleyve, (1500s gleive, glieve), Middle English–1500s, 1800s dialect gleve, 1500s–1600s, 1800s dialect gleave, 1800s dialect gleeve; Middle English gla(y)fe, Middle English–1500s glayve, (1500s Scottish glaif), Middle English–1600s glave. Etymology: < Old French glaive, gleive lance (modern French glaive poetic = sword). Hatzfeld & Darmesteter regard Old French glaive as an adapted form of Latin gladius (through the stages gladie, glaie, glavie). Ascoli supposes it to represent a Celtic cladivo- (Old Irish claideb* sword, Gaelic claidheamh). Neither view, however, accounts for the earliest meaning of the word in Old French, which is also that of Middle High German glavîe, glævîn, Middle Dutch glavie, glaye, Swedish glaven. A name given at different periods to three distinct kinds of weapons, viz. lance, bill, and sword.The second of these senses seems to be peculiar to English, the others are derived from French; in a large number of passages it is impossible to determine from the context which weapon is intended, esp. in the case of later writers. †1. a. A lance or spear. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > spear or lance > [noun] spearc725 ordeOE spriteOE wal-speara1000 gareOE shaftc1000 staffc1275 glaive1297 lancegayc1386 gad1422 burdounc1440 Jedburgh (Jedworth, Jedwood etc.) staff1515 puncheon pole1548 puncheon spear1548 puncheon staff1548 punching staff1562 prag1582 sarissa1736 staff weapon1788 windlestraw1831 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 4165 He hem ssende Mid gleyue oþer mid roches, and vewe aliue he let. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 4690 Hure ȝeate [þay] gunne defende, Wyþ launces & gleues kene. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 7745 Nou her I leue þe kinges glaiue. a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xiii. l. 786 To-gederis they weren Met The lengthe of A Gleyve with-owten let. 1592 W. Wyrley Lord Chandos in True Vse Armorie 50 Sir Eustace..Did baisse his gleaue and well imbrace his shield. †b. A lance set up as winning-post in a race, and given as a prize to the successful competitor; hence, a prize. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > token of victory or supreme excellence > [noun] > prize > other specific prize glaivec1380 cupc1640 pewter1814 banner1840 presentation cup1844 blue ribbon1860 ribbon1860 shield1868 special1872 wager-cup1878 presentation bowl1896 rose bowl1970 quaich1971 c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. II. 258 ‘Certis þei rennen all, but oon of hem takiþ þe gleyve..’ Men usen ofte þis gamen, þat two men..rennen a space for a priis, and he þat comeþ first to his ende shal have þe gamen þat is sett, wheþer it be spere or gloves [v.r. gleyves] or oþir þing þat is putt. 1483 Cath. Angl. 157/2 A Glayfe, brauium. 1500 Ortus Vocabulaorum E iij Brauium est primum [1518 premium] vel victoria: the pryce of a game, or a glayue. a1555 J. Bradford in M. Coverdale Certain Lett. Martyrs (1564) 282 Caste your eies on the gleue ye runne at, or els ye wil loose the game. in combination.1483 Cath. Angl. 157/2 A Glayfe wynner, braueta. c. dialect. A fish-spear. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > spear > [noun] pricka1350 garfanglec1440 wawsper1472 spear1551 waster1580 fizgig1589 visgee1593 fish-spear1611 glaive1640 fish-giga1642 gaff1656 gig1705 lance1728 sticker1772 graina1818 picaroon1837 pickpole1837 fishing-spear1840 lily-iron1852 gambeering iron1883 mackerel gaff1883 1640 tr. J. A. Comenius Janua Linguarum Reserata (new ed.) xxxviii. §427 There are some that glave small fishes with a three-tined fish-spear [glave]. 1854 A. E. Baker Gloss. Northants. Words I. 276 Gleeve, a pole about four yards long, with serrated prongs, used for catching eels. 1879 W. G. Waters in Norfolk Archæol. viii. 170 Gleave, an eel spear. 1893 S. Baring-Gould Cheap Jack Zita II. xx. 102 He..produced a singular weapon or tool, locally termed a gleve. †2. a. A weapon consisting of a blade fastened to a long handle; a kind of halbert. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > halberd > [noun] weyc1275 poleaxe1294 billc1300 glaivec1450 langue de boeuf1450 halberd1497 budgea1522 brown-bill1589 ox-tongue1611 partisan1611 Lochaber axe1618 feather-staff1622 halberd staff1687 battle-axe1709 ko1923 c1450 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 270 Ordeyn eche man..to be ther redy, With exys, gleyvis, and swerdys bryth. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. lix. 80 He had in his hond a great glaue, sharpe and well stelyd, and aboue the blade, ther was a sharpe hoke of stele. 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 276 Y^e senates..stood in feare of his billes & glieues. 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. xi. sig. Y2 [They] ouer all the fields themselues did muster, With bils and glayues making a dreadfull luster. View more context for this quotation 1629 J. Maxwell tr. Herodian Hist. ii. vii. 49 Suddenly the Country Clownes came in with their Clubs and Glaiues [Gk. τά τε ξύλα καὶ τοὺς πελέκεις: on p. 48 the same words are rendered ‘Clubs and Bills’]. 1678 S. Butler Hudibras: Third Pt. iii. ii. 125 Zeal with Aged Clubs and Gleaves, Gave chase to Rochets and White Sleeves. †b. A soldier armed with a glaive. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > armed man > [noun] > halberd bill1495 bill-hagera1500 halberdier1517 billman1530 halberds1543 glaive1577 halberdman1595 partisan1649 1577 R. Holinshed Chron. II. 954/1 There be in that towne more than .iij.C. glaiues, and iij.C. yeomen. 3. A sword; esp. a broadsword. archaic and poetic.In early quots. possibly representing. Gaelic claidheamh; cf. glaymore at claymore n. Forms. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > side arms > sword > [noun] > broadsword billOE falchion1303 glaive1488 broadswordc1565 glay1568 foutch1580 Andrew1618 curtan1697 Ferrara1763 claymore1772 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xi. l. 367 Awkwart he straik with his scharp groundyn glawe [= 358 his gud suerd of steill]. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid iii. viii. 23 The feirs Orion with his goldin glaif. 1670 J. Milton Hist. Brit. ii. 75 The Britans had a certain skill with their broad swashing Swords and short Bucklers... Agricola discerning that those little Targets and unweildie Glaves ill pointed, would soon become ridiculous against the thrust and close, commanded [etc.]. 1787 R. Burns Poems (new ed.) 312 But Cl–nt–ns glaive frae rust to save He hung it to the wa', man. 1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II ii. lvii. 89 The Delhi with his cap of terror on, And crooked glaive. 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe II. iv. 53 To maintain the..honour of his English ancestry with the glaive and brown-bill, the good old weapons of his country. 1887 C. Bowen tr. Virgil Æneid ii, in tr. Virgil in Eng. Verse 127 [He] girds on the Achæan's glittering glaive. figurative.1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) ii. xii. sig. m.iii And therfore sayth the Psalmyste, that the tonges of synners is the glayue [printed glayne] of the deuyll. Derivatives glaive v. †(a) to spear (a fish) (obsolete); (b) to arm with a glaive (nonce-use). ΚΠ 1640 [see sense 1c]. 1821 J. Baillie W. Wallace in Metrical Legends vii. 9 Which helmed his brow, and glaved his hand. glaived adj. armed with a glaive. ΚΠ 1873 J. R. Lowell Cathedral (rev. ed.) in Poet. Wks. 452/2 Of the glaived tyrant and long-memoried priest. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1297
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