furnacen.
/ˈfəːnᵻs/, U.S. /ˈfərnəs/ 1.
a. An apparatus consisting essentially of a chamber to contain combustibles for the purpose of subjecting minerals, metals, etc. to the continuous action of intense heat.In modern use it chiefly denotes a building of masonry lined with firebrick, used for metallurgical operations, the baking of pottery, or the like; but it is also applied to smaller apparatus (usually constructed of iron) used in chemistry, assaying, etc.
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society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > [noun]
oveneOE
furnacea1225
chimney1340
fire-stock1440
firework1606
fire room1657
firehole1682
poil1756
smut1819
blast-pot1887
a1225 Juliana 32 As þu..te þreo children..biwistest unweommet from þe ferliche fur of þe furneise.
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xvi. 4 Þe fournas þat purges metall.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. vi. 30 The heye of the feeld, that to day is, and to morwe is sente in to the fourneyse.
1413 Pilgr. Sowle (1483) iii. vii. 55 With fyre pykes they cast them in the forneis.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Prov. xvii. A Like as syluer is tried in the fyre and golde in the fornace.
?1543 T. Phaer tr. J. Goeurot Regiment of Lyfe sig. Iiijv Baken or dryed, as claye is in the furneys.
a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) ii. vii. 148 The Louer, Sighing like Furnace . View more context for this quotation
1691 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense (ed. 8) 155 A plain single Furnace, (such as Chymists use in their Laboratories for common Operations).
1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 103 Running like Metal out of a Furnace.
1837 N. Whittock et al. Compl. Bk. Trades (1842) 130 The furnaces, retorts and other apparatus are too numerous to be described.
1872 H. T. Ellacombe Church Bells Devon i. 11 On the signal being given, the furnaces were tapped, and the metal flowed.
b. transferred. The fire of a volcano; the volcano itself.
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the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > volcano > [noun]
Vulcan?a1425
volcan1577
volcano1613
furnace1660
volcanello1669
volcano mountain1693
pseudo-volcano1794
mud volcano1816
salse1831
stratovolcano1894
shield volcano1911
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > ejected volcanic material > [noun] > volcanic fire
fireeOE
furnace1660
wildfire1672
fire spout1739
1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 376 One of the most conspicuous furnaces of the Indies..for the hill..hath five mouths..for casting out fire.
1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) I. 344 Volcanos must have emitted their fiery currents more frequently in the earlier ages, when..the Ocean, loaded with it's vegetable spoils, supplied more abundant matter to their furnaces.
1804 C. B. Brown tr. C. F. de Volney View Soil & Climate U.S.A. 99 The existence of this furnace agrees with all the traces of earthquakes hitherto mentioned.
c. figurative, esp. used to express any severe test or trial. Also, a place of excessive heat; a ‘hotbed’.
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the world > action or operation > endeavour > trial or experiment > trial, test, or testing > [noun] > severe test
furnace1340
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > [noun] > great or intense heat > places of
tropic1600
furnace1744
oven?1796
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 131 Þise wordle þet ne is bote..a fornays anhet mid uer of zenne and of zorȝe.
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Deut. iv. 20 The Lord took ȝow, and ladde ȝow oute fro the yren forneys of Egipte.
1497 J. Alcock Mons Perfeccionis (de Worde) C iij He lyved here in purgatory and in the fornays of temptacyon.
1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne xv. l. 276 He..open set Of his broad gaping iawes the fornace wide.
1611 Bible (King James) Isa. xlviii. 10 I haue chosen thee in the fornace of affliction. View more context for this quotation
1744 J. Thomson Summer in Seasons (new ed.) 94 Breath'd hot, From all the boundless Furnace of the Sky..A suffocating Wind the Pilgrim smites With instant Death.
1844 A. W. Kinglake Eothen xxiv. 360 Nablous is the very furnace of Mahometan bigotry.
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the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping birds > [noun] > incubator or brooder
furnacec1400
brood-oven1737
eccaleobion1839
hatcher1856
incubator1857
brooder1880
brood-chamber1888
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > that which or one who heats > [noun] > a device for heating or warming > chamber or box for keeping anything warm
furnacec1400
stow1614
stove1640
stove-tub1797
stove-room1825
Norwegian stove1873
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) v. 49 There is a comoun Hows in that Cytee, that is alle ffulle of smale Furneys; and thidre bryngen Wommen of the Toun here Eyren of Hennes, of Gees and of Dokes, for to ben put in to tho Furneyses.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie i. viii. 7 b Furnaces, made in maner like unto..stoves of Germanie in the whiche with a small heate they do..hatch their egges.
1616 Trav. Eng. Pilgr. in Harl. Misc. I. 338 The country people bring their eggs..to this place, where there is an oven, or furnace, purposely kept temperately warm; and the furner, or master thereof standeth ready at a little door, to receive the eggs.
3. A closed fireplace for heating a building by means of hot-air or hot-water pipes; also, ‘the fireplace of a marine boiler’ (Adm. Smyth).
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the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > that which or one who heats > [noun] > a device for heating or warming > devices for heating buildings, rooms, etc. > stove
stove1604
furnace1691
fire stove1699
stow1730
poil1756
stove-fire1769
hypocaust1829
magazine stove1875
1691 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) V. 80 The Effect of my Greenhouse Furnace.
1881 Fawkes Horticult. Build. 218 Stoke~holes, furnaces, and boilers, should always be protected by an enclosed shed from rain and wind.
4. A boiler, cauldron, crucible. Obsolete exc. dialect. (See quots. 1884, 1888.)
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society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > vessel in which liquid is boiled > [noun]
furnacec1290
boiler1591
water boiler1774
pressure boiler1891
c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 295/61 A forneis he let maken of bras: and fullen it ful of led.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1011 As a fornes ful of flot þat vpon fyr boyles.
c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 171 Þe heete of þe lyvere makiþ þe stomac to seþe as fier makiþ a furneis to seþe.
1494 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1885) III. 30 Unum fornes de plumbo.
1540 in E. Hobhouse Church-wardens' Accts. (1890) 154 To sawyng ye quyrbys to ye Furnes of Chyrche howse vjd.
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Wales 6 Seeth all these [sc. herbs] (being well washed) in a Furnace of fair water.
1884 R. Lawson Upton-on-Severn Words & Phrases Furnace, a large boiler set in brickwork, for brewing, making soup, &c.
1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. Galvanized iron Furnace, 27 gals...11s. 9d.
Compounds
C1. attributive and in other combinations.
a.
furnace air-pipe n.
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1691 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense (ed. 8) 160 The Furnace Air-pipes..are placed to pass through the Fire and Brick-work.
furnace-chink n.
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a1849 J. C. Mangan Poems (1859) 35 That the flame, with subtle flood, Through the furnace-chink may fly.
furnace-coke n.
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1889 Daily News 16 Dec. 2/7 This week furnace coke has been selling at 22s. 6d. to 23s. per ton at the ovens.
furnace-feeder n.
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1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Furnace-feeder, a stoker or fireman; one who supplies fuel to the furnace.
furnace-filler n.
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1892 Labour Comm. Gloss. Furnace Fillers, men who remain at the top of the furnace and empty therein the loaded barrows sent up from the bottom.
furnace-fire n.
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1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ i. xxviii. 55 If this small Furnace-fire hath vertue to convert such a small lump of Dark Dust and Sand into such a specious clear Body as Crystall.
furnace-firer n.
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1889 Daily News 4 Dec. 5/6 A furnace firer..stated that [etc.].
furnace-glow n.
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1863–65 J. Thomson Sunday at Hampstead vi The East resumes its furnace-glow.
furnace-heat n.
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1849 E. E. Napier Excursions Southern Afr. II. 407 Alternate furnace heat and chilly dampness.
furnace-house n.
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1882 ‘Ouida’ In Maremma I. 62 A furnace-house to make the salt that was raked upon the beach.
furnace-smoke n.
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1797 College: a Satire 20 Like furnace-smoke in volumes rolling down.
b.
furnace-burning adj.
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1595 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 ii. i. 80 All my breasts moisture Scarse serues to quench my furnace burning hart.
furnace-like adj.
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1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry ii. f. 76v The furrowe must be made Furnase like, strayght aboue, and broade in the bottome.
1825 R. Heber Jrnl. 25 Mar. in Narr. Journey Upper Provinces India (1828) II. 146 Such a furnace-like climate.
c.
furnace-ward adv.
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c1420 Pallad. on Husb. i. 1087 First floore hit ij feet thicke enclynynge softe The fourneis ward.
C2. † furnace-earth n. Obsolete (see quot.).
furnace-bar n. = fire bar n. at fire n. and int. Compounds 2a.
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society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > parts of furnace > [noun] > grate > bar of
bar1678
fire bar1844
furnace-bar1888
1888 Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. Furnace Bars.
furnace-bridge n. (see quot.).
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society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > parts of furnace > [noun] > walls or barriers in furnaces
fireback1566
spirit-plate1686
hem1693
fire bridge1821
bridge1823
water bridge1837
furnace-bridge1874
1874 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. I. 926/2 Furnace-Bridge, a barrier of fire-bricks or of iron plates containing water thrown across the furnace at the extreme end of the fire-bars, to prevent the fuel being carried into the flues, and to quicken the draft by contracting the area.
furnace cadmia n. (also furnace cadmium) (see quot.).
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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > materials produced from metalworking > [noun] > oxide of zinc
philosophic cotton1753
philosophic wool1758
philosophical wool1771
philosophers' woolc1865
philosophic(al) woolc1865
furnace cadmia1881
1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 136 Furnace cadmium or cadmia, the oxide of zinc which accumulates in the chimneys of furnaces smelting zinciferous ores.
furnace-drift n. (see quot.).
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society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > passage > ventilation passages or openings
througher1645
thirling1686
air-pit1709
horse-head1747
sollar1778
airway1800
wind-hole1802
bearing door1813
air course1814
downcast shaft1814
upcast shaft (or pit)1816
buze1823
air road1832
raggling1839
thirl1847
brattice1849
intake1849
run1849
trapdoor1849
skailing1850
return1851
wind-road1860
breakthrough1875
wind-way1875
breast1882
cross-heading1883
skail-door1883
U.C.1883
undercast1883
vent1886
furnace-drift1892
1892 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Furnace-drift, a passage leading into an ‘upcast’ pit provided with a furnace for the purpose of ventilating the mine.
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society > occupation and work > materials > types of material generally > [noun] > material for lining or building up a furnace
furnace-earth1612
fix1873
bulldog1881
fettle1894
1612 S. Sturtevant Metallica xv. 108 Furnace-earths..where-withall you build vp your Furnaces.
furnace line n. a line in a furnace spectrum.
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the world > matter > physics > atomic physics > decomposition of light, spectrum > [noun] > spectral line > emitted by substance in furnace
furnace line1911
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > chromatism > [noun] > spectrum > band or line forming part of > specific line or lines
absorption line1861
triplet1879
furnace line1911
singlet1920
progression1926
1911 Contribs. Mt. Wilson Solar Observ. III. 6 The quality of the furnace lines for measurement is in general good.
1922 A. S. Eddington in Encycl. Brit. XXX. 298/2 The ‘enhanced lines’ of strontium 4077 and 4215 are relatively strong in stars of high luminosity; whereas the ‘furnace lines’ of strontium 4607 and calcium 4455 behave in the reverse manner.
furnaceman n. one who tends a furnace.
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society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific tools or equipment > [noun] > with ovens or furnaces
fire beater1332
fireman1377
oven-stirrer1611
stoker1660
teaser1797
oven-man1832
coal passer1851
furnacer1853
furnaceman1883
fire beater1895
1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal Mining Furnaceman.
1884 Birmingham Daily Post 23 Feb. 3/5 Wanted two little Mill Furnacemen.
Categories »
furnace-pumice n. Metallurgy ‘a slag often produced in smelting pisolitic iron ores, having the cellular appearance of pumice-stone’ (Cassell).
furnace spectrum n. the spectrum of the light emitted by a substance when heated in an electric furnace.
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1905 Astrophysical Jrnl. 21 256 The oven spectrum shows new groups of bands in the spectra of Ca, Sr, Ba, and Cu.]
1911 Contribs. Mt. Wilson Solar Observ. 16 The..strong lines..are given by the core of the arc, and appear in the furnace spectrum very faintly at the highest temperatures.
1943 Astrophys. Jrnl. 98 33 For the furnace spectrum, dysprosium was vaporized in the carbon-tube vacuum furnace at a temperature near 2600°C.
furnace-tube n. (see quot.).
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society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > boiler > [noun] > parts of > tubes or pipes
water tube1720
tube1833
water head1856
worm1857
cross-tubea1884
furnace-tube1888
feed collector1902
1888 Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. Furnace-tube, the tube within which the fuel is enclosed in an internally fired boiler.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
furnacev.
/ˈfəːnᵻs/, U.S. /ˈfərnəs/ 1.
a. transitive. To exhale like a furnace.
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the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > emit > as from a furnace
furnace1598
1598 G. Chapman in tr. Homer Achilles Shield Ep. Ded. A iv b That raging vlcer, which..Furnaceth the vniuersall sighes and complaintes of this transposed world.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) i. vi. 67 He furnaces The thicke sighes from him. View more context for this quotation
b. intransitive. To issue as from a furnace.
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the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > go or come out [verb (intransitive)] > as from a furnace
furnace1625
1625 F. Quarles Sions Sonets xx. sig. E2 Represse those flames, that furnace from thine eye.
2. transitive. To subject to the heat of a furnace.
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the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > subjection or exposure to heat or fire > subject or expose to heat or fire [verb (transitive)] > to heat of furnace
furnace1612
infurnace1626
16122 [see furnacing n. at Derivatives].
figurative.1790 J. Williams Shrove Tuesday (1794) 33 The faithful must be damn'd before they die, And, like th' asbestos, furnac'd to be white.1848 J. R. Lowell Fable for Critics in Poems (1890) III. 50 Every word that he speaks has been fierily furnaced In the blast of a life that has struggled in earnest.1842 T. Graham Elements Chem. ii. v. 474 It has been proposed, instead of furnacing the sulphate of soda, to decompose it by caustic barytes.
1876 Catal. Special Loan Coll. Sci. Apparatus S. Kensington Mus. No. 2726. This mixture is furnaced during a period of 5¾ hours.
3. To make a furnace in.
ΚΠ
1823 C. Lamb in London Mag. July 21/1 A great sea-chimæra, chimneying and furnacing the deep.
Derivatives
ˈfurnaced adj. in quot. figurative.
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the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > subjection or exposure to heat or fire > [adjective] > subjected to heat of furnace
furnaced1862
1862 H. C. Kendall Fainting by Way 5 Poems 20 Furnaced waste lands..like to stony billows rolled.
1869 H. C. Kendall Glen of Arrawatta 167 In soft Australian nights; And through the furnaced noons.
ˈfurnacing n. also attributive.
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the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > subjection or exposure to heat or fire > [noun] > to heat of furnace
furnacing1612
1612 S. Sturtevant Metallica vi. 58 All kinde of ouens, lamps, stoues, kilnes, hearths, all which we generally comprehend vnder the name of Furnacing.
1612 S. Sturtevant Metallica vi. 58 Furnacing may..bee briefely touched as being a necessarie instrument in most inuentions.
1880 J. Lomas Man. Alkali Trade 4 The manufacturer should be..able..to..perform the furnacing operation himself.
ˈfurnacer n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific tools or equipment > [noun] > with ovens or furnaces
fire beater1332
fireman1377
oven-stirrer1611
stoker1660
teaser1797
oven-man1832
coal passer1851
furnacer1853
furnaceman1883
fire beater1895
1853 A. Ure Dict. Arts (ed. 4) II. 680 The dexterous management of this transposition characterizes a good soda-furnacer.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.a1225
v.1598- disqualifies
- disqualify
- disqualifying
- disquality
- disquamator
- disquantitied
- disquantities
- disquantity
- disquantitying
- disquare
- disquaring
- disquarter
- disquatte
- disquiet
- disquietal
- disquietation
- disquieted
- disquietedly
- disquietedness
- disquieten
- disquietened
- disquietening
- disquietens
- disquieter
- disquietest