fullingn.1
/ˈfʊlɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈfʊlɪŋ/ 1. The process of cleansing and thickening cloth, either by using the feet or hands or an implement to pound it while it is immersed in water to which a cleansing agent such as soap or fuller's earth has been added, or (now more usually) processing it mechanically in a machine or mill.Earliest attested in fulling stock n. at Compounds 1b.
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the world > action or operation > carrying out > [noun] > of a command, duty, or plan
fulfilling1340
fulling1383
fullingc1400
acquittal1430
discharge1434
acquitc1460
performation1504
performance1530
performancy1608
acquittance1660
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > treating or processing textile fabric > [noun] > fulling
waulkingc1300
fulling1383
thickingc1440
tucking1467
tuckage1612
milling1884
1383 in J. L. Fisher Medieval Farming Gloss. (1968) 15 Fullyngstok.
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 182 Fullynge, fullatura.
c1443 in Archaeologia Cantiana (1931) 43 204 (MED) [They] were in the seid mylle..doyng here craft of fullynge of cloth.
1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Surueyeng xl. f. li They be profitable bothe in grindynge of corne and fullyng of clothe.
1552–3 Act 7 Edward VI c. 8 (title) in Statutes of Realm (1963) IV. i. 172 An Acte for the true fulling and thicking of Cappes.
1648 Ordinance Prohibiting Transportation Wool 1 Any..earth or clay which may be used in the Art of Fulling.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 348/2 This trade of Milling or thickning Cloth is termed Fulling.
1720 in T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth VI. 92 In Weavering and in Fulling, I have..Skill.
1791 W. Hamilton tr. C.-L. Berthollet Elements Art of Dyeing I. i. ii. i. 127 He has explained the effects of fulling by the external conformation of the hair or wool of animals.
1812 R. Southey in Q. Rev. 7 63 The women perform the work of fulling by treading the cloth in a tub.
1890 Sci. Amer. 20 Sept. 181/2 The first operation in the wet finishing of a piece of woolen goods is known as fulling.
1921 Textiles Feb. 23/1 The use of a good palm oil soap..would give better results than the red oil soap for the fulling of these goods.
1960 Technol. & Culture 1 112 Fulling was done by power driven devices as early as the thirteenth century.
2006 Handwoven Nov. 80/3 After about an hour of pounding (depending on the degree of fulling desired), the wet wool yardage is hung over a log.
2. In massage: gentle kneading of superficial tissue, as a therapeutic technique. Cf. pétrissage n.
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the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > physiotherapy > [noun] > massage > techniques involving
lomi-lomi1850
fulling1868
anma1891
Swedish massage1911
reflexology1913
reflex therapy1916
zone therapy1917
structural integration1963
postural integration1968
Rolfing1970
tui na1979
Hellerwork1981
1868 Amer. Phrenol. Jrnl. Apr. 152/2 The blood circulation thus secured in the part [of the arm] subjected to the fulling is so perfect, that the patient will feel the whole limb..tingling with the vital current.
1894 G. M. Gould Illustr. Dict. Med. Fulling, in massage, a valuable method of kneading, named from the motion used by fullers in rubbing linen between their hands.
1911 Weekly Irish Times 11 Nov. 20/3 The first movement applied is fulling of the skin of the part manipulated, which is followed by kneading.
2014 M. B. Braun & S. J. Simonson Introd. Massage Therapy (ed. 3) xii. 521/1 Fulling..spreads the muscle fibers out and away from each other.
Compounds
C1.
a. General attributive (in sense 1).
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a1425 (a1400) Titus & Vespasian l. 167 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1903) 111 290 Anoþer toke a fullyng staffe And on þe heed þerwiþ him ȝaue.
1612 T. Shelton tr. M. de Cervantes Don-Quixote: Pt. 1 iii. vii. 175 Without being able to attribute it to the little knowledge of the fulling Maces or the darkenesse of the night.
1677 A. Yarranton England's Improvem. 109 If I had not been an old Clothier, and a Fulling-Boy when I was young.
1799 W. Nicholson tr. C. Pajot des Charmes Art Bleaching Piece-goods xxviii. 286 It is requisite that the fulling rammers should be made lighter than usual.
1811 Retrospect Philos., Mech., Chem. & Agric. Discov. 7 122 It is..boiled with water for half an hour, and once more worked in the fulling machine with the fullers' earth.
1895 Wales Jan. 14/1 Mochdre was a thriving manufacturing and fulling village.
1957 R. Trow-Smith Hist. Brit. Livestock Husbandry to 1700 iv. 134 The invention..replaced the trampling of the cloth by human feet in the fulling trough.
2013 M. Flohr in Making Textiles Pre-Roman & Rom. Times xii. 205 Circumstances in the industrial fulling factories in Rome and Ostia do not seem to have favoured the development of a strong emotional attachment to the craft of fulling.
b. In the names of various objects used in (manual or mechanized) fulling.
fulling hammer n.
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1620 T. Shelton tr. M. de Cervantes 2nd Pt. Don Quixote iii. 17 Some delight in the aduenture of the winde-mils..: Others in that of the fulling-hammers.
1774 Gazetteer & New Daily Advertiser 14 May The sulky, illmannered, gambling, dissolute boy..multiplying his fears, like Sancho at the blows of the fulling-hammers.
1840 Penny Mag. 26 Sept. 375/1 The bending of the [woollen] fibres by the beating with the fulling-hammer.
1908 F. H. Jackson Shores of Adriatic: Austrian Side xix. 260 The sound of the mill-wheels and the fulling-hammers mingling with the rush of the waters.
2003 A. D. Hood Weaver's Craft v. 107 Controlling its [sc. water's] force and regulating the speed of the fulling hammers.
fulling mallet n.
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1798 T. Connelly & T. Higgins New Dict. Spanish & Eng. Lang. II. 288/3 Jugar á los batanes, a sort of play in which the players strike one another alternatively like fulling mallets.
1839 Mechanics' Mag. 5 Jan. 235/1 The fibres of the chips may be easily separated by submitting them to the action of stampers or fulling mallets to pound them.
1999 J. McMullen Idealism, Protest, & Tale of Genji viii. 347 Complaints about the cold and the depressed state of trade and farming, accompanied by the sound of foot pestles and fulling mallets.
fulling stock n. [stock n.1 22]
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the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > treating or processing textile fabric > [noun] > fulling > mallet or staff > worked by machinery
fulling stock1383
1383 in J. L. Fisher Medieval Farming Gloss. (1968) 15 Fullyngstok.
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xv. l. 445 (MED) Cloth þat cometh fro þe weuyng is nouȝt comly to were, Tyl it is fulled vnder fote or in fullyng stokkes.
1499–1500 in D. Dymond Reg. Thetford Priory (1995) I. 123 Pro facc' le fullyng stokke apud Silham.
1661 W. Petty in T. Birch Hist. Royal Soc. (1756) I. 61 The fulling stock or alveus, wherein the cloth is violently beaten.
1758 Public Advertiser 6 June (advt.) To be sold at auction... Vats, Aquafortis Stills, Argoll Mill, fulling Stocks.
1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 342/2 The ‘fulling-stocks’..consist of heavy wooden mallets.
1933 Manch. Guardian 10 June 8/3 The oldest fulling stock still at work was in the Vale of Conway woollen mill.
2010 P. Walter Felt Industry v. 52 The greatest danger [to workers] was from the unguarded belts that drove the fulling stocks.
fulling stone n.
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1859 Jrnl. Asiatic Soc. Bengal 28 259 It is a fragment of a stone very similar to..a fulling stone used by weavers for the preparation of their cloth.
1991 V. Skord tr. Tales Tears & Laughter 164 He..would put on high clogs, weave his way out to the garden, and, leaning on the fulling stone, spray out large quantities of liquid.
C2. † fulling clay n. Obsolete = fuller's earth n. 1.
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the world > the earth > minerals > mineral sources > [noun] > strata containing minerals
fuller's eartha1350
fulling eartha1399
fulling clay1647
second bottom1787
iron pan1811
ledge1847
blue lead1854
oil shale1866
oil sand1875
Cambridge coprolite1881
Cambridge greensand1882
gem-bed1886
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > silicates > phyllosilicate > [noun] > smectites > fuller's earth
fuller's eartha1350
fulling eartha1399
fulling clay1647
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > treating or processing textile fabric > [noun] > cleaning > fuller's earth
fuller's eartha1350
fulling eartha1399
walker's earth1403
fuller's clay1581
fulling clay1647
scouring clay1660
scouring earth1661
1647 Perfect Occurr. Houses of Parl. No. 52. sig. Eee1v The House of Commons was moved..To prevent the transportation of Wooll, Yarne (made of wooll) Fullers Earth, and fulling Clay.
1720 London Gaz. No. 5853/1 Any Fuller's-Earth, or Fulling-Clay.
1813 Duties Customs & Excise Payable Great Brit. 107 Fulling Clay, cannot be exported, except to Ireland, the British Plantations, and places belonging to Great Britain.
fulling earth n. now historical = fuller's earth n. 1. [Earlier currency is implied by Anglo-Norman fullingerthe: see etymology note.]
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the world > the earth > minerals > mineral sources > [noun] > strata containing minerals
fuller's eartha1350
fulling eartha1399
fulling clay1647
second bottom1787
iron pan1811
ledge1847
blue lead1854
oil shale1866
oil sand1875
Cambridge coprolite1881
Cambridge greensand1882
gem-bed1886
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > silicates > phyllosilicate > [noun] > smectites > fuller's earth
fuller's eartha1350
fulling eartha1399
fulling clay1647
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > treating or processing textile fabric > [noun] > cleaning > fuller's earth
fuller's eartha1350
fulling eartha1399
walker's earth1403
fuller's clay1581
fulling clay1647
scouring clay1660
scouring earth1661
a1399 in W. G. Benham Oath Bk. Colchester (1907) 9 (MED) Fullying erthe, for the bolk.
1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. 2094/1 A certain poore man..went to the Sea, mynding to haue gone into Kent for fullyng earth.
1687 G. L. Gentleman's New Jockey xvi. 53 If so it happen that your Horse be mirey and foul, then may you use Fulling-earth, Soap, and other scowring Materials.
1866 I. Shinn Ready Adviser 159 Make a mixture of dried fulling earth and powdered alum.
1987 D. Nicholas Ghent vi. 155 Their trade, stamping fulling earth into textiles to soften the prickly texture of raw wool, was the least skilled.
fulling mill n. now chiefly historical a mill in which cloth is fulled.In the earliest fulling mills, which were usually water-driven, the cloth was beaten with wooden mallets; subsequently rollers for pressing the cloth were introduced. [Compare Anglo-Norman molin fullerez and Old French, Middle French moulin fouleret (13th cent. in Old French).]
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the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > treating or processing textile fabric > [noun] > fulling > mill
waulk mill1241
fulling mill1388
tucking-mill1467
tuck-milla1641
fullery1728
tucking-stock1751
walk mill1773
plash-mill1795
waulking-mill1805
1388 Inquisition Misc. (P.R.O.: C 145/332/59) Vnum molendinum ffullaticum vocatum ffollyngmelle.
1403 Close Roll, 4 Henry IV (P.R.O.: C 54/251) m. 27 dorso Vn molyn appell ffullyngmelne.
1501–2 in D. Dymond Reg. Thetford Priory (1995) I. 150 For werke made to the fullyng mylle.
1613 in G. Ornsby Select. from Househ. Bks. Naworth Castle (1878) 8 The wholl yeare's rent of the fulling mill.
1748 T. Smollett Roderick Random I. xvi. 133 My heart went knock, knock,..like a fulling mill.
1876 J. G. Holland Story of Sevenoaks (new ed.) i. 2 Below this two or three saw-mills..and a fulling-mill.
1933 Manch. Guardian 10 June 8/3 There were little fulling mills in villages and towns up and down the country.
1980 Encycl. Chem. Technol. (ed. 3) IX. 855 Conventional press felts are..wet with a soap solution and then fulled or felted on a rotary fulling mill.
2004 B. Bunch & A. Hellemans Hist. Sci. & Technol. 99/2 Because fulling mills depended on waterpower, they often were built outside of cities.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
fullingn.2
/ˈfʊlɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈfʊlɪŋ/ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > carrying out > [noun] > of a command, duty, or plan
fulfilling1340
fulling1383
fullingc1400
acquittal1430
discharge1434
acquitc1460
performation1504
performance1530
performancy1608
acquittance1660
c1400 (c1382) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 257 Her matere schulde be truþe and fullynge of Goddis lawe.
1596 T. Bell Suruey Popery iii. ix. 350 For the perfite fulling of the law, giueth life to the doer thereof.
1655 C. Fowler Daemonium Meridianum 87 They [sc. untruths] will appear to be but the fulling of that wicked Maxime, Calumniare audacter aliquid hærebit.
1916 in C. S. Yost Patience Worth 213 He then would leave the garden's place and come at the fulling o' the season-tide when winter's bite did sear.
2. With reference to the moon or tide: the action of full v.1 1b(b); (also) the fact of the moon being full; the time when this occurs. Cf. full n.2 3a.
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1795 Pocket Almanack for 1796 (Massachusetts) 70 The Royal Arch [Masonic] Lodge meet..on the Wednesday preceeding the fulling of the Moon.
1835 W. C. Macready Diary 14 Dec. (1912) I. 266 Phillips hoped the pig would not be killed on Wednesday, as the fulling of the moon was not good for the bacon.
1839 Boston Weekly Mag. 2 Nov. 66/2 This circumstance causes her to be more directly opposite the sun, at his setting, than at any other period of her fulling.
1909 L. J. Vance Bronze Bell iii. 36 Had the boat possibly gone aground so hard and fast that Quain had found himself unable to push her off and doomed to lie in her, helpless, against the fulling of the tide?
1953 Kingsport (Tennessee) Times-News 10 Sept. 5 b/3 A belief that sleep-walkers walk in the light of the moon, particularly a few nights before and a few nights following the fulling of the moon.
2015 www.fanfiction.net 17 Nov. (O.E.D. Archive) ‘When is this meeting?’ ‘At the fulling of the moon, in four days, along the south shore,’ Aragorn said.
3. The gathering or pleating of fabric (cf. full v.1 3). Also: (a mass of) gathered or pleated fabric. Now rare.
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the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > parts of clothing > [noun] > trimmings or ornamentation > gather
gathering1580
gather1663
fulling1810
take-up1825
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > [noun] > carrying out specific processes > other
tuckingc1440
sleeving1495
stenting1507
welting1508
furring1554
poignetting1555
bombasing1598
flouncing1766
fulling1810
goring1814
piping1825
slashing1834
collaring1865
gusseting1883
overtrimming1897
post-boarding1952
1810 La Belle Assemblée Oct. 212/1 The top of the drapery, round the waist, trimmed with a fulling of lace.
1838 Workwoman's Guide: Instr. Apparel vi. 144 This gusset must be cut in two parts, to admit of the fulling of the sleeve between the pieces.
1862 Lady Llanover in M. Delany Autobiogr. & Corr. 2nd Ser. III. App. 504 There was very little fulling, but the whole design was to be seen without many folds.
1877 R. D. Blackmore Cripps I. ii. 24 She gathered in the skirt of her frock and the fulling of her cloak.
1921 Amer. Cloak & Suit Rev. May 120/3 At each side of the band tiny gathers appeared and a fulling of the waist section into the fully gathered peplum was emphasized by [etc.].
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
fullingadj.
/ˈfʊlɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈfʊlɪŋ/ Originally U.S.
Of the moon: becoming full; waxing.
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1852 Huron Reflector (Norwalk, Ohio) 6 Jan. The lucid pallor of the fulling moon Upon her brow.
1875 Cultivator & Country Gentleman 21 Oct. 661/1 The threats of a snow storm..were withdrawn last night, under the kindly influence of a fulling moon.
1914 T. Hardy Satires of Circumstance 189 The yachts ride mute at anchor and the fulling moon is fair.
1966 Notes & Queries Apr. 129/2 That Shakespeare visualized a fulling moon..may get some confirmation from a passage in Golding's Ovid.
1988 Colorado Springs Gaz. Tel. 1 Nov. f1/4 To see a fulling moon throw light on mountain grass and north face, turning them white as winter.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.11383
n.2c1400adj.1852