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单词 frame
释义

framen.adj.2

Brit. /freɪm/, U.S. /freɪm/
Forms: early Middle English freame (south-west midlands), Middle English– frame, 1500s ffraame, 1500s fframe, 1500s (Scottish) fraim, 1800s– fraame (English regional (northern)).
Origin: Of uncertain origin.
Etymology: Origin uncertain. Originally (in branch A. I.) probably the reflex of an unattested Old English (Mercian) variant *freamu (see below) of freme n. Perhaps also partly the reflex of an unattested Old English *framu, cognate with Middle Dutch vrāme , vraem advantage, benefit, profit, good fortune (early modern Dutch vrame , also in sense ‘audacity, boldness, daring’), Middle Low German vrāme , vrām advantage, benefit, profit, Old Icelandic frami advantage, profit, good fortune, distinction, fame, boldness, audacity < the same Germanic base as frame adj.1 It is uncertain whether the later branches of the noun, A. II. and A. III., show the same word. However, although the semantic link between them and branch A. I. is not immediately obvious, it may perhaps be in the perception of a framework as a support or ‘benefit’ to a structure, probably influenced by frame v., which probably shows a similar semantic development. Alternatively, it has been suggested that the later branches of the noun may show a borrowing < Anglo-Norman frame body of a cart (13th cent.), framework (c1305) (compare post-classical Latin frama , framea frame, framework (from 1159, 1265 respectively in British sources)), which in turn may reflect an early loan < one or more of the Germanic nouns cited at rames n. (see N. O. Heinertz ‘Zwei etymologisch-kulturhistorische Fragen’ in Moderna Språk 48 (1954) 229–52, and also Französisches etymol. Wörterbuch XVI. at *hrama). However, both the Anglo-Norman and the post-classical Latin noun may well show borrowings < English.The existence of Old English (Mercian) *freamu is implied by the Old English derivative adjective freamsum beneficent, benign, kind (Mercian variant of fremsum < freme n. + -some suffix1), and its own derivatives freamsumnes kindness, and freamsumlīce kindly (all attested in Vespasian Psalter):eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) l. 19 (20) Benigne fac domine in bona uoluntate tua sion ut aedificentur muri hierusalem : freamsumlice doa dryhten in godum willan ðinum ðæt sien getimbred wallas.eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) lxviii. 16 (17) Exaudi me domine quoniam benigna est misericordia tua : geher mec dryhten for ðon freamsum is mildheortnis ðin.eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) lxxxiv. 11 (13) Etenim dominus dabit benignitatem et terra nostra dabit fructum suum : & soðlice dryhten seleð freamsumnisse & eorðe ur seleð westem his.eOE (Mercian) Vespasian Psalter (1965) cxxxiv. 3 Laudate dominum, quoniam benignus est dominus : hergað dryhten forðon freamsum is dryhten.Compare also the early Middle English form freame (see quot. c1230 at sense A. 1) in the so-called ‘AB language’ of the south-west midlands, apparently representing the exact reflex of Old English (Mercian) *freamu (see A. Zettersten Stud. Dial. & Vocab. Ancrene Riwle (1965) 235). Old English (Mercian) *freamu appears to show the operation of back mutation on the result (at the fronted stage æ ) of i-mutation of West Germanic a before a nasal consonant (see A. Campbell Old Eng. Gram. (1959) §211 note 2). As the Mercian dialect of Vespasian Psalter consistently shows rounding of a to o before a nasal, it is very unlikely that the forms cited in the examples above are to be derived instead from *framu (after Second Fronting of a to æ ; compare A. Campbell Old Eng. Gram. (1959) §207); however, this does not rule out the possibility of the existence of the form *framu in other dialects. A former alternative etymology for sense A. 1 (originally tentatively suggested by E. Björkman Scand. Loan-words in Middle Eng. (1900) 239) suggests direct borrowing from early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic frami : see above); however, this is unlikely on semantic grounds, as the most common use of the Old Icelandic noun is in the specific sense ‘distinction, fame’. Equally unlikely semantically is another suggested derivation as the reflex of a use as noun of the neuter of Old English fram (adjective) bold, strong, strenuous, lit. ‘forward’ (see frame adj.1, and compare the Old English derivative noun framscipe advancement, success). Anglo-Norman frame is unparalleled in continental French; however, compare Old French raime pole to hang clothes on (13th cent.) and Middle French ranme , Middle French, French rame denoting various shelf-like structures (second half of the 14th cent.), which are ultimately borrowed from one or more of the Germanic nouns cited at rames n.
A. n.
I. Advantage, benefit, profit.
1. Advantage, benefit, profit; = freme n. Also in to do frame: to do (someone) good, to benefit. Obsolete. to (for) one's frame: for the benefit or use (of someone).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > advantage > [noun]
fremea700
redeeOE
noteeOE
goodOE
goodnessOE
framec1175
winc1175
bihevec1230
behoofc1275
advantagec1300
prowc1300
wellc1300
wainc1315
profita1325
bewaynec1375
vantagec1380
goodshipc1390
prewa1400
steada1400
benefice1426
vailc1430
utilityc1440
of availc1450
prevaila1460
fordeal1470
winning1477
encherishingc1480
benefit1512
booty1581
emolument1633
handhold1655
withgate1825
cui bono1836
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) Ded. l. 17 Þu þohhtesst tatt itt mihhte wel. Till mikell frame turrnenn.
c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 66 Þu dest me freame [?c1225 Cleo. freome, a1250 Nero god], & hearmest te seoluen.
a1300 (c1275) Physiologus (1991) l. 19 Marie..ðe him bar to manne frame.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2540 Pharao..dede ðe ebris frame.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 162 (MED) We trowe it is our frame, his resurrectioun.
c1450 (?c1300) Northern Passion (BL Add.) 165 (MED) Whene he to þat watir come he [sc. the leper] was clene..the watir did þare mekill frame.
a1500 (?a1400) Tale King Edward & Shepherd (Cambr.) (1930) l. 388 Ȝif hit be for my frame.
a1542 T. Wyatt Coll. Poems (1969) 10 Therby alone I brought him to some frame: Which now as wretchednes, he doth so blame.
II. Something that has or confers structure.
* A structure composed of parts joined together.
2. The universe, the heavens, the earth, or any part of it, regarded as a structure. Now archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > [noun]
kindlOE
worldc1175
framea1325
creaturec1384
universityc1450
engine?1510
universal1569
universality1577
mass1587
universe1589
all1598
cosmosie1600
macrocosm1602
existence1610
system1610
megacosm1617
cosmos1650
materialism1817
world-all1847
panarchy1848
multiverse1895
metaverse1994
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 133 Ðe ferðe dai made migt [sc. of God] Sunne, and mone..and erdes frame.
c1475 (c1450) P. Idley Instr. to his Son (Cambr.) (1935) i. l. 637 (MED) God..the werker and cheif of þe frame.
a1542 T. Wyatt Brit. Lib. MS Egerton 2711 100-6 That same..that we the world do call and name Off hevin and yerth with all contentes it is the very frame.
1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. i. f. 21 Ye knowledge of God..in the frame of the world and all the creatures is..plainly set forth.
1594 C. Marlowe & T. Nashe Dido v. ii Ye gods, that guide the Starry frame..Grant [etc.].
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet ii. ii. 300 This goodly frame the earth. View more context for this quotation
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 154 These are thy glorious works, Parent of good, Almightie, thine this universal Frame . View more context for this quotation
1774 J. Bryant New Syst. II. 371 Power supreme..to thee I sue, to thee, coeval with the mundane frame.
1824 N. H. Carter Pains of Imagination 9 Look through this boundless universal frame,..The philosophic eye, turn where it will, Surveys a chequered scene of good and ill.
1856 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine (1858) xii. 403 The thunderstorm..begins by making the solid frame of Lebanon and Sirion to leap for fear.
1937 F. M. Cornford Plato's Cosmology 117 So far, the planets are the only living creatures, within the universal frame, whose creation has been described.
1959 A. Cordell Rape of Fair Country x. 129 Standing there with his eyes narrowed against the sun and the smoke of Nantyglo flying across the frame of the sky.
2001 S. M. Heim Depth of Riches ii. iii. 114 In the earthly frame, as Dante makes very clear, it is never the case that desire and choice are irrevocable.
3. A structure made of parts joined or fitted together.
a. A building; esp. one built of wood; a wall; a gate. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > building of specific construction > [noun]
framec1425
staddlec1563
sided1602
brick house1608
dobe1838
brick1844
adobe1852
shell1852
cinderblock1868
tin chapel1884
brick veneer1885
red brick1892
gambrel1917
weatherboard1925
Terrapin1949
Portakabin1963
c1425 Bk. Found. St. Bartholomew's (1923) 13 He reysid vppe a grete frame... Al men grettly were astonyd boeth of the nouelte of the areysid frame and of the fownder of this newe werke.
1509 in C. Welch Tower Bridge (1894) 85 A Trinite and ij aungellis set in the new Frame upon the bridge.
a1547 Earl of Surrey tr. Virgil Fourth Bk. Aeneas (1554) iv. sig. Biv Broken there hang the workes and myghty frames Of walles hygh raysed, threatnyng to the skye.
1598 J. Stow Suruay of London 96 At length a large strong frame of timber and bricke was set thereon, & imployed as a fayre house of Marchants goods.
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. v. 171 At Ierusalem, I lodg'd neer Moriah, in a Cloystred frame.
1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Palamon & Arcite ii. 554 The gate was adamant; eternal frame! Which, hew'd by Mars himself, from Indian quarries came.
b. Any other structure, apparatus, or machine constructed of parts fitted together. Hence: a gallows, a scaffolding, an easel, etc. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > specific parts built or constructed > [noun] > framework
frame1558
truss1654
cage-work1756
lathing1756
grillage1776
trestle1796
trestlework1853
hog frame1875
truss-work1884
steel framework1906
space frame1912
diagrid1943
a1450 ( tr. Vegetius De Re Militari (Douce) f. 102 (MED) Þe gyn þat is cleped þe snail or the welk [sc. a siege engine] is a frame Imade of good tymber I-schaap squaar.
?1515 Hyckescorner (de Worde) sig. A.vv Ye at tyburne there stondeth the grete frame And some take a fall that maketh theyr neck lame.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. DDDviiv The waye of perfection, is as a frame, in the whiche one thyng dependeth of an other.
1558 T. Phaer tr. Virgil Seuen First Bks. Eneidos iv. 653 Make out with ores, in ships, in boates, in frames.
a1642 J. Suckling Lett. Divers Eminent Personages 87 in Fragmenta Aurea (1646) If I should see Van Dike with..his Frame and right Light.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1645 (1955) II. 401 At executions I saw one hang'd... At Naples as in Hull in a frame.
1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture II. 121/2 He made use of Frames to shut out the River.
c. figurative. A literary composition. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > a written composition > [noun]
i-writeOE
bookOE
writOE
workOE
pagine?c1225
lettrurec1330
dite1340
inditing1340
writing1340
scripta1350
dittya1387
stylea1400
scriptiona1425
framec1475
invention1484
piece1533
ditement1556
paperwork1577
composition1603
confection1605
composure?1606
page?1606
the written word1619
performance1665
literature1852
c1475 (c1450) P. Idley Instr. to his Son (Cambr.) (1935) i. l. 1464 (MED) This is thende of my litell frame, Roughly hewe and without ony square.
a1500 St. Barbara (Lamb. 72) in R. Hamer & V. Russell Suppl. Lives ‘Gilte Legende’ (2000) 394 Wherefor to yowe now, worschipful fader of so grete name and fame [MS name], me thynkith beste to open my herte in the begynnynge of thys frame and let yow knowe howe lothesom I am of these vayn goddes be lettre.
d. spec. (Scottish) = rack n.3 2b. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > torture > instrument or place of torture > [noun] > rack
ginc1225
enginea1450
framec1480
rack1481
brake1530
pine banka1535
pine bauk1542
Duke of Exeter's daughter1618
c1480 (a1400) St. Lawrence 338 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 411 Þar-eftyre gert hyme straucht In til framis with al þare macht.
c1480 (a1400) St. Agatha 168 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 363 He gert strek hire in a frame, & torment hir in syndry vyse.
e. Perhaps: a snare. Cf. engine n. 2 Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > equipment > trap or snare > [noun]
grinc825
trapa1000
snarea1100
swikea1100
granea1250
springec1275
gina1300
gnarea1325
stringc1325
trebuchet1362
latch?a1366
leashc1374
snarlc1380
foot gina1382
foot-grina1382
traina1393
sinewa1400
snatcha1400
foot trapa1425
haucepyc1425
slingc1425
engine1481
swar1488
frame1509
brakea1529
fang1535
fall trap1570
spring1578
box-trapa1589
spring trapa1589
sprint1599
noosec1600
springle1602
springe1607
toil1607
plage1608
deadfall1631
puppy snatch1650
snickle1681
steel trap1735
figure (of) four1743
gun-trap1749
stamp1788
stell1801
springer1813
sprent1822
livetrap1823
snaphance1831
catch pole1838
twitch-up1841
basket-trap1866
pole trap1879
steel fall1895
tread-trap1952
conibear trap1957
conibear1958
1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. lxviiv The deuyll..labours to get vs in his frame.
4. The physical body, esp. that of a human being, usually with reference to its build or constitution; physique.In quot. 1858: the body of an angel.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > [noun]
featurec1325
making1340
staturec1380
statea1387
bonea1400
figurec1400
makec1425
corpulence1477
corsage1481
makdom1488
mouldc1550
corporature1555
frame1566
dimension1600
limit1608
set1611
timber1612
compact1646
taille1663
fabric1695
moulding1815
physique1826
tournure1827
build1832
form1849
body type1866
body build1907
somatotype1940
size1985
1566 T. Becon New Postil f. 137v The time was nigh, wherin his frame sholde be disolued.
1601 B. Jonson Fountaine of Selfe-love iii. i. sig. E4v As you enter at the doore, there is oppos'de to you the frame of a Wolfe in the Hangings. View more context for this quotation
1617 J. Taylor Three Weekes Obseruations sig. C1 His post-like legges were answerable to the rest of the great frame which they supported.
1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall Ep. Ded. sig. A2v How long in this corruptible frame, some parts may be uncorrupted.
1749 T. Smollett Regicide i. vi. 8 Simple Woman Is weak in Intellect, as well as Frame.
1775 S. Johnson Taxation no Tyranny 65 Amidst the terror which shakes my frame.
1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 298 A lever of the third sort became most admirably adapted to the animal frame.
1858 Brit. Q. Rev. Jan. 277 We must suppose that the artist believes phosphorescence to be one of the properties of the angelic frame.
1917 R. S. Lull Org. Evol. iii. xxx. 513 A line drawn from shoulder to hip separates the lighter portion of the animal's frame from the weightier.
1963 Life 25 Jan. 62/2 Joe draped his athletic frame in ultraconservative clothes and affected an austere scowl.
2006 J. S. Watterson Games Presidents Play xii. 160 Strapped to a chair, he [sc. Roosevelt] could give battle with his powerful frame to haul in sailfish and barracuda.
** A structure that supports or encloses something.
5.
a. A supporting structure of which the outline or skeleton is not filled in; a framework. Also figurative.In quot. 1388: (probably) a structure on which vats are stored.In quots. 1415-16 and 1538: a frame for an altar cover (or other ecclesiastical vestment).climbing, housing, pit, pulley frame, etc.: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > support > [noun] > that which supports > supporting framework
cradle1379
cratch1382
frame1388
brandreth1483
scaffold?1523
crate1526
bone1542
framework1578
anatomy1591
scaffoldage1609
brake1623
truss1654
skeletona1658
carcass1663
box frame1693
crib1693
scaffolding1789
staddlea1800
gantry1810
cradling1823
potence1832
ossaturea1878
tower1970
1388 Inquisition Misc. (P.R.O.: E 153/1819) m. 2 Willelmus de Burgh chiualer..habuit..ij plumb. [= leaden vessels] in fornac. precij x s. vj plumb. in frame pur worte precij xij.s. [etc.].
1415–16 in Archæol. Jrnl. (1899) 6 64 Item, solut' Thome Bonde facienti framys pro vestimentis.
1538 Inventory in Reliquary (1888) New Ser. 1 18 It. ij feyer framys for vestimentis wt allmerys & a borde to lay on vestments.
1542 T. Elyot Bibliotheca Characote, a frame, about the whyche vynes be wounde and tourned.
1579 E. K. in E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Nov. 161 Gloss. Beare, a frame, whereon they vse to lay the dead corse.
1642 D. Rogers Naaman Ep. Ded. sig. A2 These two graces..are the chiefe frame of these my ensuing Lectures.
1657 R. Ligon True Hist. Barbados Index 84 The Frame where the Coppers stand..is made of Dutch Bricks.
1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World ii. 20 Lay there all night, upon our Barbecu's, or frames of Sticks.
1760 World Displayed V. 158 They had a large canopy of very fine perfumed mats, supported by a frame made of reeds.
1781 J. H. Campe Robinson the Younger 106 The ship stands on a frame made of beams. These are called the stocks.
1846 A. Young Naut. Dict. 310 The paddle-shafts and intermediate shaft rest on the top of a strong frame.
1857 R. H. Stoddard Songs of Summer 206 Pillared temples, marble statues, smoking altars, silver shrines, Formed the frame of ancient creeds.
1884 Longman's Mag. Mar. 486 The terrible jars which its rubberless wheels and springless frame communicated to the system of the rider.
1933 J. R. Smith Foreign Lands & Peoples 5 The felt is hung over a frame of poles.
1951 Rotarian Mar. 36/3 The frail plot is simply a frame on which to hang well-done musical sequences.
1957 E. van Rensselaer Decorating with Pods & Cones ii. x. 146 To construct a frame on which to build a wreath, make two heavy hoops from galvanized wire or metal coat hangers.
2009 Cruise Trav. May 34/1 The crown of the cupola of its concert hall..rests on a metal frame, designed by Gustav Eiffel.
b. A timber lattice structure from which a bell is hung, a bell-frame.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > percussion instrument > bell > [noun] > other parts
yokeOE
stirrup1341
cod1379
bell-string1464
frame1474
stock1474
ear1484
poop1507
bell-wheel1529
skirt1555
guarder1583
imp1595
tab1607
jennet1615
pluck1637
bell-rope1638
cagea1640
cannon1668
stilt1672
canon1688
crown1688
sound-bow1688
belfry1753
furniture1756
sounding bow1756
earlet1833
brima1849
busk-board1851
headstock1851
sally hole1851
slider1871
mushroom head1872
sally beam1872
pit1874
tolling-lever1874
sally-pin1879
sally-pulley1901
sally-wheel1901
1474–5 in H. J. F. Swayne Churchwardens' Accts. Sarum (1896) 19 (MED) The amendynge of the frame of the iiij the bell.
1536 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 183 To Wesburne, carpenter, settyng upon the frame and bells in St. Fryswides steple, xiiijs.
1640–1 in H. J. F. Swayne Churchwardens' Accts. Sarum (1896) 212 Making a frame for the Pancake bell.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 462/2 The Bells are raised but Frame high, so as the Clapper strikes on both sides of the Bell.
1755 Accurate Descr. & Hist. Churches Canterbury & York 74 The Frames of all these Bells were renewed, and they re-hung in a Manner much more commodious for Ringing than before.
1783 Philos. Trans. 1782 (Royal Soc.) 72 376 Close to the chimney..a dinner-bell hung in a common frame.
1807 T. Young Course Lect. Nat. Philos. I. xxxi. 368 The frame which suspends the bell being supported by some very soft substance, such as cork or wool.
1874 E. Beckett Rudim. Treat. Clocks 345 The pit, or frame to hold a swing bell, must be a good deal longer than twice the height of the bell.
1923 G. Atherton Black Oxen xlvii. 290 A loud bell, hung in a frame outside the camp, summoned them to dinner.
1980 E. S. Gowers & D. Church Across Low Meadow (BNC) 12 In 1919, the bells were re-cast and re-hung in a new frame with a treble bell added.
2003 E. B. Sherman Beyond Windswept Dunes ii. 24 The bell..had hung in a frame to warn ships during periods of low visibility.
c. The structure in a clock or watch which supports the mechanism.In quot. 1658 in figurative context.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > instruments for measuring time > clock > [noun] > part(s) of
nut1428
peise1428
plumbc1450
Jack1498
clockwork1516
larum1542
Jack of the clockhouse1563
watch-wheel1568
work1570
plummeta1578
Jack of the clock1581
snail-cam1591
snail-work1591
pointer1596
quarter jack1604
mainspring1605
winder1606
notch-wheel1611
fusee1622
count-wheel1647
jack-wheel1647
frame1658
arbor1659
balance1660
fuse1674
hour-figure1675
stop1675
pallet1676
regulator1676
cock1678
movement1678
detent1688
savage1690
clock1696
pinwheel1696
starred wheel1696
swing-wheel1696
warning-wheel1696
watch1696
watch-part1696
hoop-wheel1704
hour-wheel1704
snail1714
step-wheel1714
tide-work1739
train1751
crutch1753
cannon pinion1764
rising board1769
remontoire1774
escapement1779
clock jack1784
locking plate1786
scapement1789
motion work1795
anchor escapement1798
scape1798
star-wheel1798
recoil escapement1800
recoiling pallet1801
recoiling scapement1801
cannon1802
hammer-tail1805
recoiling escapement1805
bottle jack1810
renovating spring1812
quarter-boy1815
pin tooth1817
solar wheel1819
impulse-teeth1825
pendulum wheel1825
pallet arbor1826
rewinder1826
rack hook1829
snail-wheel1831
quarter bell1832
tow1834
star pulley1836
watch train1838
clock train1843
raising-piece1843
wheelwork1843
gravity escapement1850
jumper1850
vertical escapement1850
time train1853
pin pallet1860
spade1862
dead well1867
stop-work1869
ringer1873
strike-or-silent1875
warning-piece1875
guard-pin1879
pendulum cock1881
warning-lever1881
beat-pin1883
fusee-piece1884
fusee-snail1884
shutter1884
tourbillion1884
tumbler1884
virgule1884
foliot1899
grasshopper1899
grasshopper escapement1899
trunk1899
pin lever1908
clock spring1933
1658 J. Spencer Καινα και Παλαια 69 When a clock within is disordered, and the wheels out of frame, the hammer and bell must needs give an uncertain sound.
1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Frame is the Out-work of a Clock or Watch, consisting of the Plates and Pillars.
1764 B. Martin New & Comprehensive Syst. Math. Inst. II. iii. 375 The parallel Plates of the Frame are AA and BB.
1884 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (new ed.) 106 Frame..[comprises] the plates of a watch or clock that support the pivots of the train.
1919 New Outlook 22 Jan. 157/2 (advt.) We are going to take you through the ‘works’ of a Waltham watch... We are going to strip away theory and show you facts—every part from the frame to the dial, hands and case.
2010 C. McKay Big Ben vi. 54/2 A turret clock of the early eighteenth century consisted of a wrought iron frame like a birdcage containing two trains of gears.
d. Printing. = chase n.2 2. Also: the workbench of a compositor.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > composing equipment > [noun] > case for type > frame for
frame1658
nest-frame1683
caserack1766
double frame1904
1658 G. Atwell Faithfull Surveyour xxxv. 108 As thick as they could stand one by another, just as letters are set in a frame to print a book.
1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 22 Frames are in most Printing Houses made of thick Deal-board Battens.
1761 J. Collyer Parent's & Guardian's Directory 231 Iron frames, or chases, for holding forms of letter.
1833 Penny Mag. Monthly Suppl. Oct.–Nov. 466 Each frame, at which a compositor works, is constructed to hold two pair of cases.
1851 Westm. Rev. 54 465 Theological propositions with no organic unity, held together by no higher bond than the printer's frame of types.
1915 G. B. Rawlings Story of Bks. xv. 154 This plate..takes the place in the frame or chase that would have been occupied by the types.
1940 C. S. Williams Liberty of Press ii. 12 Now I pound this wooden key to wedge the type in the frame.
2007 A. Weiss in G. Taylor et al. Thomas Middleton 211/1 English compositors stood, so that the front of the frame was positioned at approximately waist-height.
e. The part of a pair of spectacles which encloses the lenses and holds them in position. In later use chiefly in plural. Also attributive (with preceding modifying adjective).
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the world > health and disease > healing > ophthalmology or optometry > aids to defective vision > [noun] > spectacles > other parts of spectacles
bow1711
frame1729
rims1766
earpiece1824
side glass1830
nosepiece1866
temple1877
nose1895
nose-bridge1923
1729 R. Bradley Gentleman & Farmer's Guide iii. 189 Out of these Horn-Plates, are also made Spectacle-Frames to hold the Glasses.
1735 J. Barrow Dict. Polygraphicum II. at Polishers and Polishing The shell and horn frames their spectacle glasses are to be set in.
1847 Penny Cycl. XXII. 328/2 Where side-pieces are added to the frame..the instrument is denominated simply a pair of spectacles.
1869 G. Lawson Dis. & Injuries of Eye vi. 208 The glasses should be fitted in frames with circular eye-pieces.
1895 Montgomery Ward Catal. Spring & Summer 203/2 Steel frame spectacles.
1939 Pop. Sci. Monthly Oct. 87 Flexible and extremely light in weight, sun glasses of a new type are made without frames.
1956 V. Nabokov Let. 1 Oct. in Sel. Lett. (1989) 190 The glasses should be definitely tortoise-shell ones, with heavier, somewhat squarish frames.
1990 N. Blei Chi Town 99 Royko is dressed like Many-Man from above (slick black-frame glasses, adman suit).
2004 New Yorker 15 Mar. 101 She had on glasses whose frames were big and buglike.
f. Nautical. One of the transverse structural members of a ship, which form the shape of the hull, and provide the structure to which the wooden planks or metal plating are fastened. Cf. frame bend n. at Compounds 2.In wooden ships, except for very small boats, each frame is itself composed of a number of separate elements or timbers, usually the floor timber, futtock, and top timber.hog, hogging, midship, transom frame, etc.: see the first element.
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society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > [noun] > timbers of hull > frame
frame bend1711
after-frame1754
frame1754
balance-frame1850
web frame1864
1754 M. Murray tr. H. L. Duhamel du Monceau Elements Naval Archit. iv. 24 in Treat. Ship-building Two ships may be similar as to their midship frames, and yet very different afore and abaft.
1754 M. Murray Treat. Ship-building & Navigation iii. iv. 7 A frame of timbers is composed of one floor timber, two or three futtocks and a top timber on each side.
1813 Q. Rev. Oct. 26 A 74 gun ship consists of 60 or 70 of those lofty and weighty frames.
1883 G. S. Nares Constr. Ironclad 4 The frames, which correspond to the ribs or timbers of a wooden ship are of iron about ½ inch thick.
1926 C. G. Davis Ship Model Builder's Assistant ii. 21 The spacing of the frames was always a percentage of the length of the ship.
1964 Mariner's Mirror 50 205 The frames of tenoned ships were fitted into place after the shell of the hull was complete.
2002 D. Lundy Way of Ship (2003) iv. 149 Wood planking over iron frames could be coppered in the traditional way.
g. U.S., English regional (midlands and southern), Scottish (Shetland) and Australian. A skeleton (of a person or animal); an emaciated animal. Now rare.
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the world > animals > animal body > [noun] > unhealthy animal
wastrel1819
frame1848
hat rack1891
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > bos taurus or ox > [noun] > working > emaciated
frame1880
1848 G. C. Furber Twelve Months Volunteer 426 Ingram, thin-visaged and lean in his person, rides a tall frame of a horse, equally lean, with sunken eyes, hip-bones and ribs standing out in relief.
1876 A. Parker Gloss. Words Oxfordshire at Frame Er's nuthun but a frame.
1880 Bradstreet's 29 Sept. 3/4 The north British farmers are finding it profitable to import what the American dealers graphically call ‘frames’ to feed for market.
1884 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester (1886) 133 Speaking of magpies taking young chickens, a man said they would ‘limb em alive’, and that they had ‘left their frames on th' adlant yonder, nine on em’.
1893 G. E. Dartnell & E. H. Goddard Gloss. Words Wilts. 60 Her's nothing in the world but a frame.
1893 Shetland News 12 Feb. Der farrow cow wis juist a frame.
1903 ‘T. Collins’ Such is Life 249 By-the-way, there's four of your frames left—out near those coolibahs.
1934 Bulletin (Sydney) 10 Oct. 21/4 No poorer or weaker old frames ever travelled the Birdsville stock route.
1946 A. J. Holt Wheat Farms Victoria 127 You raise and kill a decent beast yourself and divide it with your neighbour. When it comes for his turn to kill he picks out some rangy old frame with only hair on it.
h. The fixed part of a bicycle, to which the wheels and other components are fitted.
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society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicle propelled by feet > [noun] > cycle > parts and equipment of cycles > frame and parts of
frame1869
fork1871
headpiece1877
head1881
frameset1899
dropout1923
crossbar1966
1869 ‘Velox’ Velocipedes, Bicycles, & Tricycles 70 The frame of this velocipede is made of the best inch-square iron, seven feet long between perpendiculars.
1897 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport I. 266/1 Lacking the elaborate plant of the great firms—especially that for frame building—they are apt to fit their frames together untruly.
1922 Pop. Mech. May 700/1 Built 30 years ago when steel frames were very massive, this bicycle weighed 10 lb. less than the standard machine of those days.
1971 Oxf. Mail 6 Oct. 16/1 (advt.) Boys bicycles, 16 in. frame, relatively little used.
2000 What Mountain Bike Winter 56/3 You need to use all the agility afforded by the low slung frame to keep the bike from leaping off into the bushes.
i. The horizontal supporting structure of a motor vehicle, to which the body, engine, and various mechanisms are fixed; cf. chassis n. 3. Also (Aeronautics): the structural framework of an aircraft; = airframe n.
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society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > parts of aircraft > [noun] > structural framework
frame1895
airframe1930
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > powered vehicle > parts and equipment of motor vehicles > [noun] > frame or chassis
frame1895
chassis1903
1895 Horseless Age Nov. 13/1 The De La Vergne motor and gearing are built in an iron frame, around which the wagon or carriage maker constructs his vehicle. This frame can easily be used for any style of vehicle.
1909 Flight 20 Feb. 103 Frame, in French, the term ‘chassis’ is sometimes used, but more often the word ‘fuselage’ on account of the bodies of most monoplanes being spindle-shaped.
1909 Flight 20 Feb. 103 Half-Elliptic Frames, a frame of the fusiform type which has been curtailed at the middle.
1929 Encycl. Brit. XV. 893/2 The frame with the mechanical parts of the car assembled upon it is called the chassis.
1968 G. N. Georgano Compl. Encycl. Motorcars 574 Based on light and simple tubular frames, the cars were easily adaptable for various racing classes.
1986 New Scientist 20 Feb. 14/3 Now that the cracks have been found, the affected sections of frame will be replaced. There are no plans by the CAA to ground the 747s.
2010 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 14 Feb. (Business section) 1 A wide range of machine tools and metal parts for car frames and bodies.
j. Aeronautics. A transverse structural part which strengthens and gives shape to a wing or fuselage by supporting the skin and longitudinal structural parts. Contrasted with stringer. Also called former.
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society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > parts of aircraft > [noun] > structural framework > specific members of
web1909
frame1911
stringer1918
former1919
1911 H. Chatley Princ. & Design Aëroplanes viii. 82 The system..of a longitudinal girder crossed by two transverse frames supporting the planes is rather fragile.
1930 Flight 28 Nov. 1384/2 The fuselage formers or frames..are attached to the longerons by angle-section brackets.
1966 D. Stinton Anat. Aeroplane 203 The skin is usually formed of metal sheets riveted, or spot-welded, to metal frames, formers and bulkheads.
2005 G. Norris & M. Wagner Airbus A380 v. 52/3 Airbus opted for a revised frame pitch, which..upped the overall spacing between the frames running the length of the fuselage.
k. = walking frame n. at walking n. Compounds 2. Cf. Zimmer n.
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the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > surgical supports > [noun] > walking-frame
walking frame1899
walker1941
frame1947
Zimmer1951
1947 Sci. News Let. 22 Feb. 128/3 The invalid walker, within the frame, grasps the upper side pieces with his hands.
1966 Equipm. for Disabled 4 xvi. a2 The special swivel action of this frame enables the user to walk with a natural gait while having full support.
1976 S. Hooker Caring for Elderly People iii. 38 Having the frame in front reduces the fear of falling.
1984 ‘J. Somers’ If Old Could 162 She struggles to the commode, using her frame.
2002 Sun 25 Sept. 13/2 Julie..could walk with the help of a frame.
6.
a. A rigid structure which supports and gives shape to a building, ship, piece of furniture, etc.; the rough timber work of a building, composed of beams, joists, sleepers, studs, etc., or a similar steel structure.The frame of a ship is composed of a number of separate transverse structures, each of which is also known as a frame ( A. 5f) in frame (of a ship or building): with the frame complete and awaiting planking.balloon, house, steel frame, etc.: see the first element.
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society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > framework of building > [noun]
frame1440
mould1570
casea1676
needlework1686
framing1703
shell1705
casework1767
breast beam1828
balloon frame1844
fabric1849
balloon framing1855
armature1878
steel frame1898
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 176 Frame of a worke, fabrica.
1533 T. More Debellacyon Salem & Bizance ii. xvi. f. xcii The carpenter, that putteth in hys frame no tymber but such as is good & sounde..and yet some of yt secretely may be suche in very dede, as soon after shall fayle and fall downe all the rofe.
1534 T. Elyot tr. G. Pico della Mirandola Rules Christian Lyfe in tr. St. Cyprian Mortalitie of Man sig. Ciiiiv The shyppe whiche is well couched to gether with a stronge frame, thoughe she be often hitte with the wawes, yet is she not bouged.
1579 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1889) IV. 182 For the frame of the house at Fre Scole.
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §505 Great Castles made of Trees vpon Frames of Timber..were anciently matters of Magnificence.
1679 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. viii. 136 Taking away the wooden Blocks..from under the corners of the Frame, they let it fall into its place.
1741 P. Tailfer et al. Narr. Georgia 107 The Frame of the Orphan-house is up.
1777 C. Clerke in J. Cook Jrnl. Aug. in Voy. ‘Resolution’ & ‘Discov.’ (1967) III. 1313 They put up a House..which has been..brought here in Frame.
1790 Gentleman's Mag. June 488/1 A vessel in frame of thirty tons.
1817 I. Blackburn Sci. Ship-building ii. iii. 176 Those parts of a ship's frame where the timbers are placed quite close together, go first to decay.
1835 W. Irving Tour on Prairies 251 The bare frames of the lodges, and the brands of extinguished fires, alone marked the place.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. 321 When completed a ship is said to be in frame.
1897 R. S. S. Baden-Powell Matabele Campaign iii. 80 These ‘paper’ houses are common in Buluwayo.., with wooden frames, iron roofs, cardboard walls.
1908 Sears, Roebuck Catal. No. 117. 753/2 Folding porch chair, made of wood frame with denim body.
1956 J. Peter Aluminum in Mod. Archit. 236 Within the next ten or fifteen years all houses..will be developed around some sort of modular structural frame.
2002 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 15 Sept. xix. 13/1 An architect in Evanston..is building a glass house with a steel and concrete frame.
b. U.S. = frame house n.2
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society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > [noun]
bottleeOE
houseeOE
boldOE
building1297
builda1387
edificec1386
mansion1389
bigginga1400
housinga1400
edification1432
edifying1432
fabric1483
edify1555
structure1560
erection1609
framec1639
bastiment1679
drum1846
dump1899
gaff1932
c1639 in J. Quincy Hist. Harvard Univ. (1840) I. 452 The frame in the College yard.
1667 in Rec. Early Hist. Boston (1881) VII. 37 The Complaint of seuerall Inhabitants of a frame sett vp.
1732 in Rec. Early Hist. Boston (1885) XII. 40 Henry Gibbs has very lately Incroched on the Towns Land on Dock Square by Erecting Frames thereon.
1841 C. Cist Cincinnati in 1841 41 Of these last [buildings] 200 were brick and 121 frames.
1884 N.Y. Herald 27 Oct. 4/6 The house is a three story frame, and was full of guests at the time.
1892 ‘M. Twain’ Amer. Claimant 28 The ‘mansion’..was a rickety old two-story frame.
1921 Midland Jan. 32 The dentist was able to buy..a little one story frame over in the residence district, away from the ugly blocks of Main street.
1987 K. V. Forrest Murder at Nightwood Bar xii. 95 The house was a small white frame, its old-fashioned veranda dark and shadowy with the shapes of leafy plants.
c. U.S. Timber in the form of a supporting skeleton, typically covered with boards, used in the construction of buildings. Cf. frame house n.2
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society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > [noun] > building wood > for specific use
framing timber1522
studding1588
timber-frame1703
frame1821
1821 W. B. Stevens Centennial Hist. Missouri II. xlii. 480 The legislature provided for a kitchen with a smokehouse at one end; and a stable of log or frame, to cost not more than $500.
1872 ‘M. Twain’ Roughing It xiii. 109 Block after block of trim dwellings, built of ‘frame’ and sunburned brick.
1934 H. Worden Round Manhattan's Rim xxvi. 195 They are two-story affairs, built of frame and more or less nondescript in style.
1942 N. T. Alderson & H. H. Smith Bride goes West xv. 176 The agent and his wife..lived in a very elegant house made of frame, with carpets in every room and plastered walls.
2006 J. R. Conte Stones Cry Out! xlviii. 332 The building was of Colonial design made of frame and stone with a large stone chimney.
7. Textiles. Originally = loom n.1 3a. In later use: a mechanical knitting machine used in the textiles industry (cf. stocking-frame n.); a machine built upon or within a framework and used esp. in the manufacture of cloth. Now historical.drawing, flyer, ring, spinning frame, etc.: see the first element.
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the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [noun] > equipment for
frame1523
1523 J. Skelton Goodly Garlande of Laurell 792 The frame was brought forth with his wevyng pin.
1599 J. Davies Nosce Teipsum 23 Narrow webs on narrow frames be weau'd.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. iii. 107/1 (heading) The several Parts of a Loome, or Weavers Frame.
1731 C. Mortimer in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 37 105 Some of these Frames are made like a Loom, with a Warp passed through the Leishes.
1797 Monthly Mag. 3 243 Many frames are entirely stopped, and others but partially employed.
1812 Examiner 11 May 291/2 Frames..indisputably lessen the number of workmen.
1849 Chambers's Edinb. Jrnl. 6 Oct. 224/1 A stocking-weaver tried whether he could apply his frame or loom to make something which could imitate lace.
1906 Carpenter Oct. 2/1 In your mills in South Carolina tonight, as we sit here, little children are working at the looms and frames.
1953 Jrnl. Polit. Econ. 61 350 The venom of the Luddites was pointed quite specifically at the frames of ‘unpopular’ hosiers.
2001 C. E. Morgan Women Workers & Gender Identities i. ii. 22 Only a small number of women continued as spinners, employed on Arkwright's frames.
8. A surrounding structure such as a border or case in which something, esp. a picture, pane of glass, etc., is set or let in. Also figurative.door, Oxford, photograph, picture, window frame, etc.: see the first element.
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the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > edge, border, or margin > [noun] > that which forms the edge or border > surrounding a central piece > frame
calm1577
framea1582
quadra1728
enchasement1772
a1582 W. Bourne Inuentions or Deuises (?1590) 96 The one glasse that must be made of purpose..must bee round, and set in a frame as those bee.
1590 J. White Fifth Voy. in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1600) III. 293 The frames of some of my pictures and Mappes rotten and spoyled with rayne.
1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets xxiv. sig. Cv Mine eye hath play'd the painter and hath steeld, Thy beauties forme in table of my heart, My body is the frame wherein ti's held. View more context for this quotation
1666 S. Pepys Diary 16 May (1972) VII. 125 Paid him..14l for the picture, and 25s for the frame.
1762 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting I. iv. 89 It had a glass over it, and a frame curiously carved.
1812 H. More Pract. Piety xvii. 175 The doctrine..is at once preserved and embellished by the narrative being made a frame in which to enshrine it.
1849 C. Brontë Shirley II. viii. 201 The mill yawned all ruinous with unglazed frames.
1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Wire-mattress, one having a web of wire-cloth or chain stretched in a frame for supporting a bed.
1903 Four-track News Apr. 179/1 Kentucky the beautiful, the home of the thoroughbred, the blossoming frame in which is set the faces of lovely women, [etc.].
1938 Amer. Home Jan. 60/2 The restoration of a valuable picture should seldom be trusted to the local firm dealing in frames.
1971 H. Wouk Winds of War xxvii. 361 Inside the heavy ornate gold frame, a British man-o'-war under full sail tossed on high seas.
2001 I. McEwan Atonement 82 In a..metal frame tinged with verdigris was a photograph of his parents.
9. An instrument or utensil of which the frame or border is an important part.
a. A removable (usually rectangular) structural element which holds a sheet of honeycomb within a beehive. Also attributive.
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the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > bee-keeping > [noun] > beehive > parts of
moutha1398
stool?1523
skirt1555
hackle1609
smoot1615
imp1618
bolster1623
cop1623
underlaya1642
hack1658
tee-hole1669
frame1673
hood1686
alighting board1780
body box1823
superhive1847
super1855
quilt1870
queen excluder1881
bar-super1884
brood box1888
1673 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 8 6097 The Frame for the Bees to fasten their Work upon.
1744 J. Thorley Μελισσηλογια 186 A Frame within, to which the Bees may fasten their Combs.
a1793 G. White Observ. Veg. in Nat. Hist. Selborne (1802) II. 257 When they [sc. bees] are once induced to haunt the frames, they set all the fruit.
1806 J. G. Dalyell tr. F. Huber New Observ. Nat. Hist. Bees i. 6 Bees..must not be visited before their combs are securely fixed in the frames.
1881 Gardening Illustr. 3 123 The bees will run up into the frame hive.
1908 R. Kipling Actions & Reactions (1909) 98 Melissa found a far-off frame so messed and mishandled..that, for very shame, the bees never went there.
1963 F. G. Smith Beekeeping vii. 60 A nucleus is a very small colony of bees. It consists of a queen and up to four or six frames..well covered with bees.
2004 Backwoods Home Mag. July–Aug. 21/3 Shake the rest of the bees..into the space where you have taken the frames out of the hive body.
b. Horticulture. A wooden or concrete box-like structure covered with glass or clear plastic, used for protecting and acclimatizing seedlings and plants.cold, cucumber, forcing, melon frame, etc.: see the first element.
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the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > equipment and buildings > [noun] > glazed frame or cloche
framea1678
hand glass1727
garden frame1731
bark-stove1732
garden-glass1732
handlight1786
tan-stove1828
cold frame1851
cloche1882
a1678 T. Hanmer Garden Bk. (1933) 24 Your best beds must have wooden frames to set over them with..little roofes.
1691 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense (ed. 8) 75 Covering..the Tree..with a glaz'd Frame.
1717 S. Collins Paradise Retriev'd 81 I am satisfied it is an usual way to sow and raise these plants till they are fit for a Ridge under frames.
1779 W. Cowper Let. 21 Sept. (1979) I. 303 I have Glazed the two Frames designed to receive my Pine Plants.
1858 G. Glenny Gardener's Every-day Bk. (new ed.) 276/1 Stocks..are mostly sown in frames.
1882 Garden 4 Feb. 73/3 The whole of these were placed in..a propagating frame.
1912 Chambers's Jrnl. Dec. 848/1 Plants raised in this frame require no hardening off.
1974 S. Clapham Greenhouse Bk. viii. 68 Plants for frame culture may be raised in the same way as those for the greenhouse.
1999 S. Campbell Walled Kitchen Gardens 11 More tender plants..were grown in frames or on hotbeds.
c. A (usually wooden) mould used in metal founding, brickmaking, etc.
ΚΠ
1683 J. Houghton Coll. Lett. Improvem. Husb. II. vi. 188 Then we have a Mould or Frame made of Beech, because the Earth will slip easiest from it. This Mould, Frame, or Voyder is made of the thickness of the Brick abovesaid, only half inch deeper.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. vii. 326/1 The Strickle..is a slender Sparr, rabated in the ends answerable to the breadth of the Casting Frame, whereon the Plummer runs his Lead when it is new Cast.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) The Founders Frame is a kind of Ledge, inclosing a Board; which being fill'd with Sand, serves as a Mould to cast their Work in.
1896 Workshop Receipts 4th Ser. IV. 219/1 Next a further quantity of the composition is mixed somewhat thicker, and enough of it is poured on the forme to entirely fill the casting frame.
2005 S. W. Hunter Making Pots, Planters, Birdbaths, Sculpture & More iv. 158 Cut your boards for the casting frame... Screw the sides..with drywall screws to form the frame.
d. A large shallow rectangular metal pan with removable sides used for the cooling and solidifying of liquid soap.
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society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for making other articles > [noun] > soap-making equipment
frame1725
pan1742
Jack1845
sess1853
soap-boiler1863
fan1885
1725 Instr. Officers charging Duties on Candles & Soap 11 If hard Soap in Frames, take the Length, Breadth, and Depth of the Soap.
1796 Monthly Mag. Apr. 206/2 From the soap in the frames, there will be, as usual, a small discharge of impure ley.
1833 Ann. Reg. 1832 ii. Chron. 22/1 The soap could be handed through in buckets, and placed in frames there to cool.
1884 A. Watt Art of Soap-making v. 48 Before putting the marbled soap into frames, it is usual to first place a little warm ley at the bottom of each frame.
1920 J. R. Battle Handbk. Industr. Oil Engin. 877 After the lye and oil have been well mixed, the batch is run into frames and left for the soap to form.
1975 Cincinnati Mag. July 48/2 When the thousand pound frames of soap were hard enough, cutters sliced them into slabs with piano wires.
2000 Competition Sci. Vision Nov. 1214/1 The soap is now drawn out in frames and allowed to solidify.
e. Embroidery. An apparatus used to keep fabric taut when doing embroidery or other forms of needlework; an adjustable structure of four bars forming an open square or rectangle used for holding cloth; = tambour n. 4a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > sewing or ornamenting textile fabric > [noun] > embroidery or ornamental sewing > frame
stoolc1385
tent1548
frame1728
tambour1780
tambour-frame1781
web frame1845
tabouret1858
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Frame is particularly us'd for a Sort of Loom, whereon they stretch their Linens, Silks, stuffs, &c. to be embroider'd, quilted &c.
1849 G. P. R. James Woodman I. ii. 14 Two young girls..sat near with tall frames before them, running the industrious needle in and out.
1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 196 The ordinary Frames are made of four pieces of wood, the two upright pieces of which are called Bars,..and two horizontal pieces, called Stretchers.
1908 Daily Chron. 21 Oct. 7/5 Some of the finer embroidery, called tambouring, is still worked by hand on a frame.
1973 E. Wilson Embroidery Bk. i. 27 Before assembling the frame, adjust the screw so that the outer hoop fits snugly over the inner ring and the material.
1999 Needlecraft Mar. 61/3 Always make sure that the frame is large enough to contain the whole design.
f. Computing. A rectangular area in a graphical user interface in which self-contained pieces of text, images, etc., can be displayed; spec. any of numerous rectangular divisions in the display area of a web browser, each of which contains a separate web page.
ΚΠ
1980 Computer 13 42/1 Browse provides facilities for describing how information is to be formatted in a frame (windows on the screen).
1998 Independent 3 Mar. (Network Plus section) 4/4 All too often I come across framed Web sites with a small piece of content in a huge frame.
2001 InfoWorld 20 Apr. 30 Apr. The Typo3 Web site uses JavaScript and frames in a way that make the site really annoying.
2008 S. Lake & K. Bean Digital Desktop Publishing iii. 45 QuarkXPress requires that a frame first be created, and then text imported into the frame.
10. Sport.
a. In skittles, ninepins, etc.: the diamond-shaped form in which the skittles or pins are set up. Hence (also in tenpins): the full set of skittles or pins as set up; a round of play, one of several innings forming a game.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > ninepins or ten-pins > [noun] > frame used to set pins
frame1735
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > ninepins or ten-pins > [noun] > game or tie
frame1856
1735 W. Pardon Dyche's New Gen. Eng. Dict. at Tip To knock down Skittles, Nine-pins, &c, with a Bowl, the Person standing close to the Frame.
1801 J. Strutt Glig-gamena Angel-ðeod iii. vii. §10 Dutch-pins. The player first stands at a certain distance from the frame, and throws his bowl at the pins.
1846 Spirit of Times 21 Feb. 614/2 Nine balls to be rolled, in succession, by the player, and no frame to be replaced until every pin is knocked down.
1856 Charleston (S. Carolina) Mercury 24 Jan. 2/1 Two successive strings of ten pins were rolled lately in San Francisco, in each of which the roller succeeded in knocking down three hundred pins in ten frames.
1858 New Amer. Cyclopædia III. 599/1 Bowling... The pins, when set up, are called a frame; and at each frame the bowler rolls 3 balls.
1910 Hints on Skittles Official Rules 23 The Frame shall be 4-ft. 6-in. square, the Plate circular, 3-in. in diameter, and 22½-in. from centre to centre.
1930 A. P. Herbert Water Gipsies xxi. 306 There were thirty competitors for the Cup, and each of them played seven ‘frames’.
1968 Mrs. L. B. Johnson Diary 8 Oct. in White House Diary (1970) 718 I..rolled two balls that went in the gutter for my second frame.
1998 Tenpin Mag. Jan. 32/2 Frantic calculations showed Yorks with a 30 pin lead going into the last frame.
b. Snooker and Pool. The triangular form used in setting up balls. Hence (chiefly in snooker): a round of play in which all the balls (or a sufficient number for a victory) are pocketed in order. Cf. rack n.4 9b.The triangular frame is now more commonly known as a rack.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > billiards, pool, or snooker > [noun] > turn or series of strokes
break1865
frame1868
visit1927
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > billiards, pool, or snooker > [noun] > positions of balls
frame1868
nursery1869
plant1884
leave1885
set-up1889
snooker1924
pendulum position1927
1868 W. B. Dick Mod. Pocket Hoyle 335 These balls are placed in the form of a triangle upon the table—a wooden frame being employed to save trouble and insure correctness.
1896 Washington Post 13 Dec. 8/4 The contest was close and of the see-saw order on the last four frames.
1904 House Beautiful Mar. 241/2 Into this fits a triangular piece of brass, formed like a pool ball frame.
1927 J. E. Rowe Introd. Math. ii. 66 Take, for instance, the number of pool balls in a frame; there are 5 balls on each side and the total number of balls in the frame is 15.
1934 Times 30 Oct. 7/2 J. Davis..to-day began a snooker match of 81 frames.
1971 J. Wainwright Last Buccaneer i. 10 He could play snooker. It was a three-frame match and he had already won the first frame.
2003 Snooker Scene July 19/1 Jones won three frames in succession to lead 5–2, within a frame of victory.
c. Originally and chiefly North American. In various sports, esp. baseball and boxing: a round of play, an inning.
ΚΠ
1904 San Francisco Chron. 12 Aug. 5/1 Two runs each in the third and fourth frames broke up the game beyond any further argument.
1926 Hartford (Connecticut) Courant 14 Dec. 1/8 In the second frame Persson forged into the lead through a series of body blows.
1949 Minot (N. Dakota) Daily News 22 July 8/8 Marinari spoiled Lettau's chance for a no-hitter, lining a solid single to left field in the fifth frame.
1993 Hockey News (Toronto) 5 Feb. 25/3 He just missed tying Gretzky's record for most goals in a period (four). He scored three in the first frame.
2006 R. Monday & K. Gurnick Tales from Dodgers Dugout ii. 38 In the 1981 World Series, he pitched three scoreless innings of relief in Game 1 and also pitched two frames in the Dodgers' Game 4 win.
2008 Irish News (Nexis) 16 Dec. 60 Rocking the Parsons Cross fighter back into a neutral corner with a thudding left hook in the second frame en route to victory.
11. Mining. An inclined board over which water is allowed to flow, used for cleaning and separating pieces of ore. Cf. framing-table n. at framing n. Compounds. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for treating ores > [noun] > for washing ore > table or frame
frame1778
sleeping table1839
sweeping-table1839
sweep-table1839
bumping table1877
rag frame1904
1778 W. Pryce Mineralogia Cornubiensis iv. i. 227 The water falling in a gentle manner from S upon the head T, washes the Ore, which there offers itself..upon the body of the frame W.
1874 J. H. Collins Princ. Metal Mining (1875) Gloss. 137/1 Frame, an inclined board over which a gentle stream of water is made to flow, for the purpose of washing away the waste from small portions of ore.
1920 A. H. Fay Gloss. Mining & Mineral Industry 286/1 Frame..a table composed of boards slightly inclined, over which runs a small stream of water to wash off waste from slime tin.
12. Horse Racing (chiefly British and Irish English). A board or frame at a racecourse used to display information about the runners and riders in a particular race; (now usually) spec. one used to display the race numbers of the first four horses to finish a race. Frequently in in the frame. Also to make the frame: to finish in the first four in a race.
ΚΠ
1882 Observer 3 Sept. 7/1 The shrewdest readers of the market..frequently find themselves completely at fault when Mr. Clark orders the winner's number to be placed in the frame.
1895 Baily's Mag. Jan. 30/2 A month later his number went up in the frame for a race of this description at Kempton Park.
1931 Scotsman 15 June 14/2 S. Donghue's name appeared in the frame as the rider of Dart.
1969 Guardian 26 Mar. 17/6 Foggy Bell and Smoke Bellew are real outsiders who could make the frame.
1983 J. Glengarry Great Decade N.Z. Racing 97 Only once did I get my number in the frame in 72 starts,..and that was a fourth with no stake.
2008 Irish Times 18 Nov. 28/3 Boscall Hill..could make the frame despite being 6lb out of the handicap.
13.
a. Cinematography and Photography. The field of view captured by a camera; the area visible in an image. Frequently without article in prepositional phrases, as in frame, into frame, out of frame.
ΚΠ
1914 Independent (U.S.) 27 Apr. 165/3 The English actors..are not so careful to keep their feet and hands within the frame of the picture.
1947 Billboard 21 June 20/4 Lensers had to be on their toes for split second panning to keep a diver in frame.
1959 W. S. Sharps Dict. Cinematogr. 104/2 Iris-out, the film wipe, in which the image viewed progressively disappears and is replaced by another from the outside of the frame, moving inwards in the form of a circle.
1960 Pop. Mech. Sept. 174/1 (caption) Show the subject moving into the picture and not out of frame.
1977 J. Monaco How to read Film ii. 87 Using nearly all the area of the frame available, the earlier anamorphic process obtained a projected image aspect ratio of 2.55.
1986 C. Matheson & E. Solomon Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure (film script, 5th draft) (O.E.D. Archive) 4 (stage direct.) Bill and Ted jump into frame.
2005 Digital Photographer No. 31. 105/1 There's no fringing worth talking about, even along very high-contrast edges and even at the edge of the frame.
b. Originally (Cinematography): one of the individual images on a strip of film; (later also) a single complete image in a series forming a television picture, film, or video sequence.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > broadcasting > television > visual element > [noun] > television picture or image
television image1909
frame1915
television picture1926
TV picture1947
home video1948
TV image1948
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > a film > [noun] > single picture in roll of film
frame1915
1915 E. W. Sargent Picture Theatre Advertising xvii. 157 This is a piece of motion picture film. Each picture or ‘frame’ is only one inch wide and three-fourths of an inch high.
1928 Sci. News Let. 3 Nov. 277/1 Radiovision pictures of the future will be made of 48 lines, with 15 separate frames, or pictures, every second.
1935 E. H. Robinson Televiewing iii. 49 This number of complete ‘frames’ or pictures is barely sufficient to prevent flicker in the receiver.
1955 J. W. Wentworth Color Television Engin. ix. 249 It takes two fields to produce a complete television image or frame.
1978 Changing Times Aug. 12/1 The still setting lets you safely stop the movie at a single frame.
2009 Times (Nexis) 21 Dec. (T2 section) 10 Ben Smithard's cinematography allowed you to freeze a frame, any frame, and discover a Vermeer in your sitting room.
c. A single picture in a cartoon or comic strip, usually one of a sequence; = panel n.1 12e.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > drawing > [noun] > a drawing > comic or cartoon
drollery1600
comic cut1831
cartoon1843
comic strip1913
panel1920
strip1920
frame1932
strip cartoon1936
manhwa1988
1932 Camera Craft Feb. 58 I do not find a single ‘frame’ in any one of the comics at which I am now looking that isn't well composed according to every theory that I can find in my art book.
1946 Billboard 4 May 18/4 Having all the balloons appear in each frame as they do in the strips.
1969 N.Y. Times 21 Sept. ii. 29/2 Enlarged frames of comic strips, complete with balloons filled with the godawfulest kind of comic strip language.
1997 J. L. Edwards Polit. Cartoons in 1988 Presidential Campaign iv. 52 Unlike cartoon strips, editorial cartoons are most frequently depicted in a single frame.
2009 C. C. Block & J. N. Mangieri Exemplary Literacy Teachers viii. 153 Each day he counted ‘five fingers’ until he reached the frame on the comic strip that contained the fifth word he couldn't read.
14. Computing. A packet of transmitted data, having a header and footer containing information about the packet.
ΚΠ
1982 Computerworld 31 May (Preview section) 56 The Model DLM IV data line monitor performs X.25 frame and packet-level analysis.
1992 InfoWorld 5 Oct. 69/3 The NetLens system lacks a facility to freeze the display to look at an interesting frame without halting data collection.
2008 Maximum PC July 63/1 The Ether type identifies which protocol is being transported inside the frame (e.g., Internet Protocol).
III. Something derived from the action of framing.
15. An array, a gathering. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > warriors collectively > [noun]
trumec893
wic897
ferredc1200
knight-weredc1275
preyc1300
legion?1316
companyc1325
punyec1330
virtuec1350
fellowshipc1380
knightheada1382
knighthooda1382
strengtha1382
sop?a1400
strengh?a1400
tropelc1425
armyc1450
framec1450
preparing1497
armourya1500
cohortc1500
cohortationc1500
cateran?a1513
venlin1541
troop1545
guidon1560
crew1570
preparation1573
esquadron1579
bodya1616
armada1654
expedition1693
armament1698
host1807
war-party1921
c1450 in F. J. Furnivall Hymns to Virgin & Christ (1867) 44 (MED) Þe deuelis gadriden þer greet frame, And heelden þer perlament in þe myst.
16. Adapted or adjusted condition; regular position; (esp. proper or correct) order, form or shape. Chiefly in phrases (to bring, set, etc.) in, into, out of, to (a good, etc.) frame. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > [noun] > orderly condition or arrangement
ordinancec1390
pointa1393
direction1407
order?a1425
framec1475
orderliness1571
form1600
decorum1610
shape1633
disposurea1637
c1475 (c1450) P. Idley Instr. to his Son (Cambr.) (1935) ii. A. l. 2991 (MED) When a woman..is passed all drede and shame, She shall haue ynow that woll chepe hir ware And to dresse hir into a croked frame.
1496 Epit. Iaspar Late Duke of Beddeforde (Pynson) sig. aii Hym better to beholde, so ferre oute of frame Nerre I nyghed.
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. cvi. f. xliiiv Arthur by his marcyal knyghthode, brought theym in such frame, yt he was accompted for chief Lorde of Brytayne.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ded. It causeth all prosperite, and setteth euery thyng in frame.
1548 A. Bacon tr. B. Ochino Serm. ii. sig. B. viv Christes liuyng was more formall and ordinarye, then oures was out of ordre and frame.
1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xx. 83 It [sc. walking] is good for..the throte, the chest, when they be out of frame.
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. ii. 295 Good my Lord put your discourse into some frame . View more context for this quotation
1641 ‘Smectymnuus’ Vindic. Answer Hvmble Remonstr. xiii. 125 To plant and erect Churches to their due frame.
1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 179 The Strata..owe their present Frame and Order to the Deluge.
1718 J. Swift Horace's Odes iv. ix. 9 Your steady soul preserves her frame.
1740 H. Bracken Farriery Improv'd (ed. 2) II. i. 41 When Nature finds any Member,..weakened or out of Frame.
1801 W. Seward Tour Yordes Cave 2 Box-trees are cut into a curious frame.
1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake i. 39 To her lips in measured frame The minstrel verse spontaneous came.
17. The manner in which something is framed; structure; constitution, nature. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > [noun] > style of creation or construction
shaft888
suitc1330
generationa1382
makinga1398
frame?1520
workmanship1578
imagerya1592
model1597
fabricaturec1600
builtc1615
fabric1644
module1649
get-up1857
fashioning1870
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > [noun]
shapec1050
composition1382
temperc1400
confectionc1420
temperament1471
frame?1520
compage1550
architecture1590
compacture1590
structure?1591
fabricaturec1600
constitution1601
membrature1606
composture1614
compositure1625
contexturea1639
composure1639
economy1644
fabric1644
conformation1646
composier1648
constructurea1652
compages1660
mechanism1662
compound1671
construction1707
componency1750
formation1774
make-up1821
?1520 A. Barclay tr. Sallust Cron. Warre agaynst Iugurth liv. f. lxxviii He..caused his soudyors..to holde vp their sheldes aboue their heedes, so that the conioyning of them semed uas it were the frame of a volt.
1544 P. Betham tr. J. di Porcia Preceptes Warre sig. Aiiiiv Wysedome is bolde and puissaunt.., for which cause in the frame of mans body she is set in the hyest place.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. i. sig. Cc The goodly frame, And stately port of Castle Ioyeous.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 3 Their proportion diffreth from mans..in the inward frame of the hand.
1705 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) II. 204 Upon Account of the whole frame of the act.
1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. v. 90 We have in our inward Frame, various Affections.
1829 E. Bulwer-Lytton Devereux I. i. iii. 18 My youngest brother..was of a very different disposition of mind, and frame of body.
1884 Sir J. Pearson in Law Times Rep. 53 6/1 There was a trust created..which might be enforced even though the deed in its form and frame were inoperative.
1922 C. J. Keyser Math. Philos. vii. 111 All doctrines, whether true or false,..are like in form—they have, that is, the same logical frame or structure.
18.
a. An established order, plan, scheme, system, esp. of government. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > [noun]
ordinance?a1400
governance1402
policy?a1439
regimentc1475
frame1529
statea1538
government1553
estate1559
platform1587
polity1590
governail1598
regimen1663
constitution1735
regime1792
system1806
party government1834
1529 T. More Dyaloge Dyuers Maters i. iii. f. ix/1 Yf the thyng were sych as ye say so far from all frame of ryght relygyon..I can not perceue why that the clergy wold..suffer such abusyon to contynew.
1559 W. Bavand tr. J. Ferrarius Common Weale f. 59 Whereby not onely good gouernement is fortified, but also lawes, & the whole frame of kepyng a ciuill order, is established.
1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing iv. i. 129 Grieued I I had but one? Chid I for that at frugall Natures frame ? View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iii. ii. 18 But let the frame of things dis-ioynt, Both the Worlds suffer. View more context for this quotation
1629 W. Prynne Church of Englands Old Antithesis 81 Which ouerthrowes the whole frame and order of the Scriptures.
1708 F. Atterbury 14 Serm. 134 The Law of Moses..had nothing in the Frame and Design of it, apt..to recommend it to its Professors.
1759 R. Jackson Hist. Rev. Pennsylvania 67 Mr. Penn left his Frame at least in a very imperfect State.
1825 T. B. Macaulay Milton in Edinb. Rev. Aug. 336 His death dissolved the whole frame of society.
1844 Ld. Brougham Brit. Constit. viii. 105 The democratic principle enters largely into the frame of our mixed monarchy.
1935 Social Forces 14 175/1 Governments aiming at a collectivistic frame of society..have interfered in the economic process.
1959 J. C. Miller Alexander Hamilton vii. 112 This frame of government was shaped in large part of Americans' experience as British colonists.
2002 G. B. Nash First City i. 25 Penn's attempts to draft a frame of government were no less difficult.
b. A form or arrangement (of words); a formula; a form of reasoning; a type of syllogism. In later use only in frame of words.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical syllogism > [noun] > types of syllogisms
enthymeme1532
paralogism1565
prosyllogism1574
epicheirema1583
frame1584
prossyllogism1620
episyllogism1851
hypothetico-disjunctive1864
1584 D. Fenner Artes of Logike & Rethorike ii. iv. sig. C 2v A certaine frame of prouing, called a Sillogisme.
1603 S. Daniel Def. Ryme in Panegyrike (new ed.) sig. G4 All verse is but a frame of wordes confinde within certaine measure.
1628 T. Spencer Art of Logick 273 This frame containes a proposition negatiue vniversall, an assumption affirmatiue speciall, and a conclusion negatiue speciall.
1644 J. Maxwell Answer by Letter 4 To make this frame good, they maintaine that Iure divino there be foure orders of Ecclesiasticall offices.
1739 G. Ogle Gualtherus & Griselda 66 Take, for your Plan, some old Pontific Frame.
a1763 J. Byrom Misc. Poems (1773) I. 186 Observe how the peculiar Frame Of words, in English, may assist your Aim.
1839 H. A. Merewether Jamaica 4 I would rather look to the enactments appearing upon the face of the Bill..than endeavour myself to describe it by any frame of words.
1872 O. W. Holmes Poet at Breakfast-table 302 An idol? Man was born to worship such!..Sometimes he carves it out of gleaming stone,..Or shapes it in a cunning frame of words.
1909 R. H. Benson Necromancers xiv. 281 She..looked out of the window to catch inspiration for the particular frame of words with which she should begin.
1938 Irish Monthly June 407 Mr. Bassett,..with almost the same frame of words, says [etc.]
2005 C. Carson in tr. B. Merriman Midnight Court Introd. 15 One usually arrives at a more elegant—and, somehow, a more right—frame of words.
c. Physics. = frame of reference n. 1. Cf. reference frame n.laboratory, rest, time frame, etc.: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > [noun] > relation to something or reference > frame of reference
frame1884
frame of reference1895
framework of reference1914
reference frame1930
the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > conformity to or with a pattern, etc. > [noun] > a standard or norm > frame of reference
frame1884
reference frame1901
1884 Proc. Royal Soc. Edinb. 12 570 Any arrangement whatever of points, lines, or planes, changeless in mutual configuration, will, for present purposes, be named as a reference frame, or briefly as a frame.
1897 A. E. H. Love Theoret. Mech. xiii. 360 ‘Acceleration’, and by consequence ‘force’, have no meaning except as dependent on a frame; ‘acceleration’ means ‘acceleration relative to a frame’, and similarly with force.
1928 A. S. Eddington Nature Physical World iii. 61 The particular frame in which we are relatively at rest has a symmetry with respect to us which other frames do not possess.
2006 W. Rindler Relativity (ed. 2) vii. 156 The pressure p is also invariant from frame to frame.
d. Linguistics. = substitution frame n. at substitution n. Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > phrase > [noun] > other specific types of phrase
et cetera1600
chreia1612
inn-phrase1631
hob-nob1761
phraseograph1847
snapper1857
humilific1892
frame1943
1943 K. L. Pike in Language 19 81 Members of a form class often can be determined by utilizing a test phrase, one element of which can be replaced successively by other items; this testing device is a frame.
1952 Language 28 508 Each morpheme of the frame determines the items substitutable with in it (as our in that's our — prevents cyst but permits sister, whereas my permits both).
1966 M. Pei Gloss. Ling. Terminol. (at cited word) Frame, a test sentence or word group, one element or slot of which can be successively replaced or filled by different forms.
1997 P. H. Matthews Conc. Oxf. Dict. Linguistics 135 Adjectives, such as happy or helpful, are among the units that can fill the blank (—) in the frame the — people.
19.
a. The action of framing or making; a machination, a contrivance; creation; construction. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > [noun] > fashioning, shaping, or forming
shapinga1350
forming1401
formationc1450
fashion1463
plasmation?a1475
framing1551
frame1558
fashioning1574
plasmating1585
fiction1607
effection1623
formature1659
efficiency1665
formativeness1849
styling1928
the world > existence and causation > creation > [noun] > construction
building1297
performinga1425
facturec1425
constructionc1440
construingc1440
making-upa1525
compoundingc1529
composition1555
frame1558
compacting1561
composing1574
architecture1590
composure1609
fabric1611
compiling1624
compagination1646
confection1652
composal1700
constitutinga1713
constructure1712
constructing1788
confecting1863
the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > invention, devising > [noun]
devisingc1400
invention1531
devisement1541
frame1558
warping1583
polymechany1592
contrivage1610
contrivance1699
devisal1856
the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > (a) means > equipment for any action or undertaking > a device or contrivance
compassinga1300
graithc1375
jetc1380
cautelc1440
quaint?a1450
invention1546
trick1548
frame1558
fashion1562
device1570
conveyance1596
address1598
molition1598
fabric1600
machine1648
fancy1665
art1667
fanglementa1670
convenience1671
conveniency1725
contraption1825
affair1835
rig1845
1558 Bp. T. Watson Holsome Doctr. Seuen Sacramentes i. f. iii He openeth our eyes to see the frames of our enemyes.
1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing iv. i. 191 The practise of it liues in Iohn the Bastard, Whose spirites toyle in frame of villanies.
1642 D. Rogers Naaman 28 The first happy moover in this frame of miraculous cure.
1645 J. Ussher Body of Divin. (1647) 96 A man which will teach a child in the frame of a letter, will first teach him one line of the letter.
1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks III. ii. 69 (note) The very first Design, Contrivance, or original Frame of Things.
1790 J. Jamieson Serm. on Heart II. lxi. 300 Detecting it [sc. sin] in its first frame and figments, in the very conception of its wicked imaginations.
b. Formation, upbringing. Cf. frame v. 9a. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > upbringing > [noun]
nourishingc1325
nurturec1330
afaitementc1400
nurseryc1400
nortelryc1405
alterage?c1450
nouriturec1450
rulec1525
upbringingc1525
education1527
nourituring1555
nutriture1567
breeding1577
nurturing1578
nuzzling1586
rearing1611
frame1632
seasoning1649
nurtureship1837
child-rearing1842
paedotrophy1857
raising1929
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. v. 182 Thou Tharsus, brookes a glorious name, For that great Saint, who in Thee had his frame.
20. A mental or emotional disposition or state (more explicitly, frame of spirit, soul, etc.); in later use chiefly in frame of mind.
a. A natural or habitual disposition, temper, way of thinking, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > disposition or character > [noun]
heartOE
erda1000
moodOE
i-mindOE
i-cundeOE
costc1175
lundc1175
evena1200
kinda1225
custc1275
couragec1300
the manner ofc1300
qualityc1300
talentc1330
attemperancec1374
complexionc1386
dispositiona1387
propertyc1390
naturea1393
assay1393
inclinationa1398
gentlenessa1400
proprietya1400
habitudec1400
makingc1400
conditionc1405
habitc1405
conceitc1425
affecta1460
ingeny1477
engine1488
stomach?1510
mind?a1513
ingine1533
affection1534
vein1536
humour?1563
natural1564
facultyc1565
concept1566
frame1567
temperature1583
geniusa1586
bent1587
constitution1589
composition1597
character1600
tune1600
qualification1602
infusion1604
spirits1604
dispose1609
selfness1611
disposure1613
composurea1616
racea1616
tempera1616
crasisc1616
directiona1639
grain1641
turn1647
complexure1648
genie1653
make1674
personality1710
tonea1751
bearing1795
liver1800
make-up1821
temperament1821
naturalness1850
selfhood1854
Wesen1854
naturel1856
sit1857
fibre1864
character structure1873
mentality1895
mindset1909
psyche1910
where it's (he's, she's) at1967
1567 G. Fenton tr. M. Bandello Certaine Tragicall Disc. f. 206 The sensuall appetit, whyche once taking possession of our inwarde partes, god knoweth what frutes it bringes furth, formyng vs in a frame of brutalitie.
1616 B. Jonson Cynthias Revels (rev. ed.) v. iv, in Wks. I. 252 Studie the natiue frame of a true heart, An inward comelinesse of bountie, knowledge, And spirit.
c1665 L. Hutchinson Mem. Col. Hutchinson (1973) To Children 10 So he had the most mercifull and gentle and compassionate frame of spiritt.
1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 167. ⁋3 I am a Fellow of a very odd Frame of Mind.
1743 H. Fielding Ess. Char. Men in Misc. I. 191 That heavenly Frame of Soul, of which Jesus Christ himself was the most perfect Pattern.
1804 J. Bellamy Four Serm. on Wisdom of God iv. 82 Our highest moral rectitude, perfection, and happiness, must..consist in..an answerable frame of heart.
1862 O. Allen Hymns of Christian Life 69 Keep me in this humble frame, All my sinfulness to feel.
1918 Let. in F. A. Pottle Stretchers (1929) x. 295 We had been so long separated from our organization that we had pretty thoroughly acquired a hobo frame of mind.
1967 K. McDonnell John Calvin 219 It is a manner of looking at things, a frame of mind, an underlying attitude.
2004 Nation (N.Y.) 20 Sept. 34/3 Americans..lack an imperial frame of mind.
b. A temporary state of mind or feeling; a mood. See also frames and feelings at Phrases 1.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > disposition or character > temporary state of mind, mood > [noun]
moodOE
affection?c1225
affecta1398
statec1450
humour1525
vein1577
frame1579
temperality1600
tempera1628
à la mode1654
disposition1726
spite1735
the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > state of feeling or mood > [noun]
moodOE
cheerc1225
affecta1398
statec1450
mindc1460
stomach1476
spiritc1480
humour1525
vein1577
frame1579
tune1600
tempera1628
transport1658
air1678
tift1717
disposition1726
spite1735
tonea1751
1579 H. C. Forrest of Fancy sig. F. iv Flattering wordes..Her constant mind shall neuer crase, Or make her chaunge her former frame.
?c1630 Cleocreton & Cloryana 62 So with perswasions, she did recover her former chearful frame of spirit.
1649 R. Josselin Diary 25 Aug. (1976) 177 She was wonderfull full of god in a ravisht frame, I prayd with her.
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 261 In this thankful Frame I continu'd.
c1741 D. Brainerd in J. Edwards Life Brainerd (1851) i. 3 All my good frames were but self-righteousness.
1774 J. W. Fletcher Ess. Truth vi, in First Pt. Equal Check 177 The modish doctrine of a faith without frame and feeling.
1806 A. Knox Remains I. 10 The concluding stanza shews..in what frame he wrote.
1838 J. H. Newman Parochial Serm. (1839) IV. viii. 144 Consider the different frames of mind we are in hour by hour.
1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. xiv. 131 He was in no patient frame.
1901 Lippincott's Monthly Mag. Mar. 266 Breyten may have been in just the frame of spirit to be most favorably impressed with what he saw.
1967 ‘G. North’ Sgt. Cluff & Day of Reckoning ii. 23 You'll have to run to catch him:..when he's in that frame of mind, he can move.
2003 F. Shaw Sweetest Thing 316 I was in a good frame of mind, carrying the rifle as my father had taught me.
21. Chiefly Literary Criticism and Literary Theory. A (section of) narrative which encloses or introduces the main narrative (or narratives) of a text, esp. one which comments upon or sets in context the primary narrative. Cf. frame story n. at Compounds 2, metanarrative n.
ΚΠ
1810 A. L. Barbauld Brit. Novelists I. 39 The frame is very well managed; the whole is supposed to be read in manuscript to the fathers of the Inquisition, and the remarks of the holy office are very much in character.
1883 H. M. Kennedy tr. B. ten Brink Early Eng. Lit. iv. ii. 355 This led, of itself, to the idea of the vision as the poetic frame.
1924 Publ. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer. 39 321 Trissino claimed epic unity for the Decamerone because (as in the Faerie Queene) all the stories are related to a basic situation and are consequently placed in a single frame.
1956 College Eng. 17 200/1 The ‘frame’ of the story [sc. Herman Wouk's The Caine Mutiny], the narrative of action on shore, is inferior in texture to the body of the book.
1974 MLN 89 924 The narrative text so generated is placed within the frame of a dialogue between narrator and reader.
1995 V. Chandra Red Earth & Pouring Rain (1996) 24 ‘So,’ he said. ‘What's your narrative frame?’ ‘My what?’ I said. ‘Your frame story.’.. ‘You don't have one, do you.’ ‘No,’ I said, shame-faced. ‘I was just going to tell it, straightforwardly, you see.’
22. U.S. slang. = frame-up n. Cf. frame v. 11.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > planning > plotting > [noun] > a plot > a conspiracy
feudc1300
conspirationa1340
conspiracyc1386
confederacy1389
conspirement1393
confederation1535
complot1587
combine1610
champerty1622
cabal1663
frame-up1899
frame1914
stitch-up1980
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > collusion, intrigue > [noun] > instance > to implicate someone
frame-up1899
frame1914
set-up1968
1914 L. E. Jackson & C. R. Hellyer Vocab. Criminal Slang 35 Frame,..a prearranged plan of action; a secret implying sinister intention; a ‘frame-up’.
1924 G. Bronson-Howard Devil's Chaplain ii. 36 This louse woulda beat us to the frame if I hadn't plugged him.
1948 ‘J. Evans’ Halo for Satan (1949) xiii. 175 He..wasn't a killer but just the victim of a frame.
1994 C. G. Hart Scandal in Fair Haven xix. 231 Was the flung-about cheesecake a daring effort on his part to appear the victim of a frame?
B. adj.2 (attributive).
North American. Of a building: built or assembled from a skeleton of timbers. Cf. framed adj. 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > building of specific construction > [adjective]
wandedc1593
brick-built1596
rock-built1596
mud-walled1607
sedgy1624
sodden1639
nogged1688
frame1760
logged1784
stucco1786
weatherboarded1794
piled1795
thick-walled1820
clapboarded1835
board-built1837
pebble-dashed1839
puncheoned1843
timber-framed1843
betimbered1847
pile-built1851
massy1855
bamboo-walled1858
portable1860
half-timber1874
stone-faced1874
Red River frame1879
ashlared1881
granolithic1881
brick-end1883
converted1888
steel frame1898
board-and-bat1902
traviated1902
steel-framed1906
prefabricated1921
prefab1937
multiwall1940
pre-engineered1955
curtain-walled1959
pre-fabbed1959
timber-frame1967
system-built1968
flat-pack1982
1760 in New Jersey Archives (1898) 1st Ser. XX. 425 To be sold, a certain Tract of Land,..with three good frame Dwelling-houses.
1790 Pennsylvania Packet 3 Apr. 3/3 A good frame loaf bread bake house with one oven.
1795 J. Scott U.S. Gazetteer sig. R5v/2 There are few or no frame dwellings in the state.
1836 D. Crockett Exploits & Adventures in Texas (1837) 65 He made fast an immense cable to the frame tenement where the theft had been perpetrated.
1843 Godey's Lady's Bk. June 255/2 The house..was a yellowish frame structure, with scalloped clap-boards, roof-shingles to match.
1894 ‘M. Twain’ Pudd'nhead Wilson i. 19 Two or three brick stores..towered above interjected bunches of little frame shops.
1913 J. London Valley of Moon iii. xiv He had just begun work on a small frame dwelling.
1923 Pop. Sci. Monthly May 103/1 In spite of the fire hazard connected with a frame garage, it is undoubtedly the easiest and cheapest for the average home worker to construct.
1980 Village Squire Oct. 5/1 The town hall, an interesting frame roundhouse.
2002 R. A. Caro Years of Lyndon Johnson III. 763 The young woman had been brought up on her father's farm in backcountry Alabama, her home an unpainted frame shack.

Phrases

P1. frames and feelings: emotional states, esp. considered as a criterion of the reality of spiritual life (sometimes with disparaging connotations); cf. sense A. 20b.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > [noun] > emotions or feelings
feelings1530
intrinsical1655
frames and feelings1734
sensibilities1858
society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > misdevotion > [noun]
misdevotion1612
frames and feelings1734
1734 R. Erskine Gospel Sonnets (ed. 4) vi. iv. 260 My Frames and Feelings ebb and flow [1726, 1732 My sweetest Frames do ebb and flow; My feelings stagger to and fro].
1759 Treasury of Maxims 14 Much of the Saints despondencies and fears is owing to their judging of God more by their own changeable frames and feelings, than by his unchangeable nature and sure promises.
1828 E. Irving Last Days 45 Hence arose that substitution of frames and feelings for the sacraments..of the church.
1862 Eclectic Rev. Aug. 122 This is what may be called especially, the poetry of frames and feelings, in opposition to the poetry of sentiment.
1906 H. W. Smith Living in Sunshine xii. 166 Our frames and feelings are the most variable things in the universe.
2005 Contemp. Sociol. 34 601/1 The repression both towns experienced..certainly reinforced the frames and feelings embodied in the songs.
P2. colloquial (chiefly British and Irish English). in (also out of) the frame: under suspicion in a criminal investigation; (in extended use) under consideration for a task, occupation, etc. Also in from the frame.
ΚΠ
1941 V. Davis Phenomena in Crime xix. 255 In the frame, ‘wanted’.
1974 J. McVicar McVicar ii. 186 A police officer spoke to Shay..and said, ‘McVicar's in the frame, and he'll never come out of it.’
1982 Times 24 Mar. 10/6 The man who one Home Office source said last week was ‘the only name in the frame’ for the job of leading Britain's largest, most expensive and often most controversial police force.
1989 in R. Graef Talking Blues x. 328 The easy attitude towards fitting up, ‘taking a drink’ off villains to leave them out of the frame—all that has really gone.
1994 Times (Nexis) 7 Jan. He and Brian Moore are the two hookers named, Olver having dropped from the frame.
1999 Sunday People 26 Sept. 68/5 Ferguson had to shuffle his pack with Cole suspended and Keane out of the frame.
2004 H. Kennedy Just Law (2005) iii. 86 The accused has a list of convictions as long as a day of fasting but is adamant that he is wrongly in the frame this time.

Compounds

C1.
a. General attributive, as frame boat, frame construction, frame cottage, etc.
ΚΠ
1826 Times 19 Aug. 4/4 (advt.) Hewing and felling axes, hedging bills, and a general assortment of builder's ironmongery; also a new frame cottage, 32 feet by 20.
1848 W. Scott in Ecclesiologist Aug. 26 The bell tower, if a tower, should be of the frame construction.
1849 W. F. Lynch Narr. U.S. Exped. to River Jordan & Dead Sea xi. 264 On the third morning I was obliged to abandon the frame boat from her shattered condition.
1881 G. W. Cable Mme. Delphine iv. 12 A little frame cottage, standing on high pillars.
1940 E. L. Bloomster Sailing & Small Craft down Ages 106 The frame boat is of ordinary construction. The masts of the bugeyes are raked aft excessively, but they sail well.
1956 J. M. Richards in A. Pryce-Jones New Outl. Mod. Knowl. 381 Rhythmic façade patterns that frame-construction naturally promotes.
1990 C. W. Bishir North Carolina Archit. ii. 152 Whereas smokehouses might be of plank or frame construction, dairies were usually built of frame.
2005 J. Cruikshank Do Glaciers Listen? ii. iv. 137 He was shown the surviving frame boat and described it in detail.
b. Instrumental. (In sense A. 7.)
frame-knit adj. (and n.)
ΚΠ
1696 London Gaz. No. 3226/4 5 dozen of superfine Rolling Frame Knit Hose.
1767 J. Habersham Let. 17 Nov. in Georgia Hist. Soc. Coll. (1904) VI. 61 Fine black frame knit silk stocking Breeches.
1825 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Agric. iv. i. iii. 1111/1 Stocking-weaving; principally of cotton, some of worsted frame-knit.
1865 Manuf. U. S. in 1860 Introd. p. xlii The manufacture, particularly of frame-knit goods of cotton.
1994 Austin (Texas) Amer.-Statesman (Nexis) 3 Nov. A frame-knit mohair coat by Austin knitwear designer Suzann Thompson will be among creations spotlighted.
frame-knitted adj.
ΚΠ
1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. III. 588/2 Frame-knitted cotton and worsted hose.
1935 S. Wells Brit. Hosiery Trade i. 23 A frame-knitted stocking would have to be made flat and afterwards seamed.
2003 J. Thirsk in D. Jenkins Cambr. Hist. Western Textiles I. xiii. 578 If they handled any frame-knitted goods at all, it is certain that the bulk were hand knitted.
frame-knitter n.
ΚΠ
1699 A. Boyer Royal Dict. at Frame A Frame-knitter, (one that knitts Stockings in Frames).
1892 Sc. Leader 30 Mar. 5 He presented a petition from the frame-knitters to Parliament.
1997 Guardian (Nexis) 6 Aug. 6 Bonsall, once a home for lead miners, farmers and frame-knitters.
frame knitting n.
ΚΠ
1715 J. Haynes Great Britain's Glory 13 An hundred pound of such silk will employ in the Broad Weaving, Narrow Weaving, Stocking-Frame Knitting..230 Persons in each of them.]
1761 D. Fenning Royal Eng. Dict. at Nottingham The principal manufactures here are frame knitting of stockings, some glass and earthen ware.
1810 J. Britton & E. W. Brayley Topogr. & Hist. Descr. Norfolk 334 Since the introduction of frame-knitting that trade has also been lost.
1929 W. F. Neff Victorian Working Women iii. 95 The..conditions of work in frame-knitting..resulted in indigestion, general debility, consumption, short sight, and blindness.
2001 Daily Mail (Nexis) 17 Jan. 78 A ladybird showed him the secret of frame knitting.
C2. See also frame house n.1, frame saw n.
frame aerial n. Radio an aerial consisting of a rectangle or loop of wire.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > telecommunication > radio communications > radio equipment > [noun] > aerial
radiator1897
aerial wire1899
aerial1902
antenna1902
loop antenna1906
loop aerial1913
twin aerial1913
frame aerial1916
loop1922
beam aerial1926
cage aerial1926
Adcock1928
dipole1929
V antenna1932
beam antenna1935
rig1935
horn1936
whip1940
whip aerial1941
whip antenna1943
polyrod1945
unipole1945
slot aerial1946
slot antenna1946
dish1948
quad1951
V aerial1961
dish aerial1962
rectenna1964
omni-antenna1966
monopole1974
1916 Sci. Abstr. B. 19 120 The aerial is formed by the superposition of an ordinary directive frame aerial and of an aerial composed of two other frames.
1950 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 200 499 Where the ground component of the wanted wave was present, it was eliminated by using a frame aerial to receive the sky-wave with its plane normal to the ground ray.
2000 C. E. Miller Valve Radio & Audio Repair Handbk. (ed. 2) xiii. 82/1 Coverage was invariably restricted to MW and LW, small frame aerials being provided for both bands.
frame-bag n. a bag for carrying articles, fixed within the frame of a bicycle.
ΚΠ
1895 N.Y. Times 1 Oct. 6/6 The load rides better on the front of the wheel and does not interfere with the leg action, as the frame bags do on the narrow-tread wheels now in vogue.
1912 Badminton Mag. Feb. 149 I landed at Fucina..with equipment of luggage contained in a bicycle frame-bag.
1991 Bike Nashbar Catal. Early Spring 61/1 Frame Bag: Set snugly in the frame's main triangle, this bag is a great place to tuck away tools, a jacket, or a lunch.
frame barn n. North American a barn constructed with a timber framework.
ΚΠ
1753 in New Jersey Archives (1897) 19 284 To be Sold... Plantation..there is on it..a large frame barn, and stables.
1847 T. Carlyle Lett. 2 Oct. (1904) II. 50 You will be very wise to get that frame barn you speak of.
1913 Boys' Life June 30/2 The boy had started a grass fire with some matches, right up against a frame barn.
2001 T. P. Grazulis Tornado vii. 134 Barn damage is rated F2 only if the entire frame barn is ripped apart and much of it blown away.
frame bend n. one of the curved structural elements forming the frame of a ship or (in later use) an automobile, etc.; = sense A. 5f.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > [noun] > timbers of hull > frame
frame bend1711
after-frame1754
frame1754
balance-frame1850
web frame1864
1711 W. Sutherland Ship-builders Assistant 47 The different Length on the Girt at every Frame-Bend, or third or fourth Timber, from the Keel to the Wale.
1829 J. Knowles in Papers Naval Archit. II. ix. 145 The longitudinal pieces perform the double office of strengthening the frame-bends at their weakest parts, and preventing the riders from moving.
1906 Automobile Trade Jrnl. 10 153 The GO side frame bends are strongly reinforced by flat bars.
2009 R. Endsor Restoration Warship iii. 33 During ship construction, the futtock timbers that formed the frame bends would be assembled and set up first.
frame bender n. a maker of curved wooden or (usually) metal frames, esp. for ships or automobiles; a person who bends structural steel into prescribed shapes.
ΚΠ
1879 Northern Echo 14 Jan. 4/4 Frame benders, only two sets employed—one set earned 17s 3¼d per man per day.
1938 Wisconsin State Jrnl. 19 Aug. 6/2 Want a job? For instance, as a boat builder, perhaps?.. Or a frame bender, or maybe a loftsman?
2000 Telegram & Gaz. (Mass.) (Nexis) 2 May b5 Mr. Werbecki was a frame bender at the Webster Spring Co. in Oxford for 27 years.
frame-breaker n. now historical a person who (1811–16) violently resisted the introduction of frames for weaving stockings, etc.; = Luddite n. 1a.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > militancy > [noun] > militant person > protester or demonstrator > specific
hearts of oak1763
frame-breaker1811
blanketeers1823
Rockite1823
Rebeccaite1843
plug-drawer1888
Greenham woman1982
1811 Times 16 Dec. 3/2 The reason publicly circulated for the frame-breakers again visiting Pentridge, is, that some hosier had intimated his intention of fetching the whole of his frames from the village, and that their visit was to deter him.
1849 C. Brontë Shirley I. ii. 30 I only wish..the frames were safe here... Once put up, I defy the framebreakers.
2003 Spectator (Nexis) 17 May 40 Jane Austen did not try to write about frame-breakers.
frame-breaking n. now historical = Luddism n. a.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > militancy > [noun] > demonstration > specific demonstrations or protests
frame-breaking1811
plug riots1849
Aldermaston1960
Boston tea-party-
1811 Examiner 17 Nov. 739/2 The mischievous spirit of frame-breaking, we regret to state, still continues.
1863 C. Kingsley Water-babies i. 7 The frame-breaking riots, which Tom could just remember.
1995 Independent (Nexis) 14 Aug. 12 Jimmy Cobbett..passionately opposes frame-breaking..on the grounds that the machine could be enlisted to the workers' cause and improve their lives.
frame bridge n. any of various kinds of bridge constructed with a frame.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > route or way > other means of passage or access > [noun] > bridge > bridge of other specific construction
pile bridge1758
thrusting-bridge1761
frame bridge1809
lock bridge1817
lattice-bridge1838
tubular bridge1850
girder-bridge1854
tubular1861
trestle-bridge1867
deck-bridge1874
transporter-bridge1893
gullet-bridge1896
crib-bridge1899
Bailey bridge1944
1809 L. de Tousard Amer. Artillerist's Compan. II. xv. 431 Of this kind are..frame bridges supported by leathern budgets, &c.
1928 T. H. MacBride In Cabins & Sod-Houses ix. 69 A frame bridge, the only thing of the sort in the neighborhood, loomed large.
2000 St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Dispatch (Nexis) 8 Oct. t10 We cycled over frame bridges, through the woods above the Brussels Ferry landing.
frame buffer n. Computing a memory device that stores a complete video frame in digital form.
ΚΠ
1962 Data Processing Yearbk. 42/2 The second frame buffer is..transferred to the first, the third to the second, and so on.
1978 Science 19 May 752/2 Special computer memory devices called frame buffers, which are often used in graphics and in film making, can store the computer output needed to generate one frame of an animated sequence as it is computed for playback on a television (raster scan) screen.
2000 T. Bardini Bootstrapping v. 131 The information in a frame buffer is basically an unencoded video image and therefore requires a bulky and costly amount of memory.
frame building n. (a) = frame house n.1; (b) (North American) a building constructed from a wooden skeleton, typically covered with timber boards.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > workplace > workshop > [noun]
workhouseOE
officinec1425
shopc1450
working-house1474
working place?1505
frame housea1555
workshop1556
framing house1559
working-shop1566
shophouse1567
frame building1574
operatory1651
shopping1684
officina1832
atelier1882
craft shop1896
skunk works1960
1574 E. Hake Touchestone for Time Present sig. B5v Do not wee..hold that the Church of God is ye congregation of ye faithful, & the very frame building, & foundation therof to bee the Apostles & Prophetes.
1765 24 Jan. in Votes & Proc. of House of Representatives of Province of Pennsylvania (1775) 398 A Frame Building, with Clap-boards, erected about forty Years ago.
1880 Pop. Sci. Monthly June 243 It is a peculiarity of American frame-buildings to have all the improvements of the best-built stone houses in Europe.
1992 Ebony May 120/1 This is the university that started out with a class of four or five students in a small frame building.
frame-built adj. originally North American constructed from a wooden skeleton.
ΚΠ
1797 F. Baily Jrnl. Tour N. Amer. 1796–7 (1856) 228 Cincinnati may contain about three or four hundred houses, mostly frame-built.
1906 N.Y. Evening Post 4 Aug. 4 Quite as melancholy..are the frame-built ‘boom’ towns of the West, located where the railroad was once expected to go, but did not.
1984 G. Jones Hist. Vikings (rev. ed.) iii. i. 179 Others were frame-built, with wattle-and-daub panels.
frame cucumber n. a cucumber grown in a frame (sense A. 9b).
ΚΠ
1789 J. Abercrombie Compl. Kitchen Gardener 36 The crops of frame cucumbers will produce a succession of young fruit in the early and succeeding plants.
1890 Daily News 26 June 2/6 Frame cucumbers, 1s. 6d. to 2s. per dozen.
1998 Bristol Evening Post (Nexis) 28 Aug. 32 Results from the show... Pair of marrows, Mr D A Brown. Two Frame cucumbers, Sandra Grey.
frame dam n. a dam made with planks coated with preservative attached to a timber frame.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun] > artificially confined water > contrivance for impounding water > dam > types of
mill-dam1182
warrant1406
pond head1465
coffer-dam1736
batardeau1767
gather-dam1768
frame dam1774
crib-dam1816
shutter-dama1884
suddc1900
needle gate1909
check-dam1936
gravity dam1940
1774 J. Eden House of Lords 5 The said late Appellant might be at Liberty to stop the said several Drifts or Water-Courses..by a Frame-Dam.
1857 New Eng. Farmer 9 271 The Canal Company commenced a new frame dam.
1952 A. J. Cronin Adventures in Two Worlds ii. xix. 174 Break through the frame dam at the top east side. That takes you into the upper level of the old workings.
2005 A. Doyle Great Northern Coalfield 94/2 An explosion was caused by leaking frame dams leading to the deaths of a number of men and horses.
frame door n. (a) a door consisting of a frame of rails and stiles supporting inner panelling; (b) a door set in a surrounding timber or metal frame (now rare); (c) a door consisting of a frame with material such as wire, canvas, etc., stretched across it.
ΚΠ
1748 W. Salmon London & Country Builder's Vade Mecum (ed. 2) iii. 65 Frame Doors are measured by the Yard Square.
1849 G. C. Greenwell Gloss. Terms Coal Trade Northumberland & Durham 23 A frame door is set in a proper frame, made for the purpose.
1863 W. Wheeler Let. 30 Mar. (1875) 384 A nice frame door of canvas stretched on boards was made.
1866 Rep. Sel. Comm. Mines (House of Commons) 185/2 In all the cases that I know where they have self-acting doors in front of the canvas..there is generally a frame door and a trapper set to that door.
1912 Cyclopedia Fire Prevention & Insurance II. 110 A frame door..is made up of two sides or upright pieces, called stiles, a number of cross-pieces called rails, and thinner pieces which fill the spaces between the stiles and the rails, called panels... A frame door sometimes has the panels of plain or wired glass instead of wood.
1915 E. C. Rice National Standard Squab Bk. (rev. ed.) App. G. 389 At each end of the alleyway is a tight-boarded door swinging out for winter use, and a wired frame door swinging in for summer use.
1998 Washington Post (Nexis) 31 Dec. m7 A residence was entered by prying open a frame door.
frame dragging n. Physics an effect predicted by the general theory of relativity in which a massive rotating body causes the surrounding space-time to be dragged around in the same direction.
ΚΠ
1971 Proc. Conf. Exper. Tests Gravitation Theories 1970 26/1 The earth, as it rotates, should ‘drag along’ the inertial frames near it. This (very small) frame dragging should produce Coriolis forces in any reference frame fixed relative to the distant stars.
1991 Science 15 Nov. 940/1 Even less is known about another phenomenon predicted by general relativity: frame dragging.
2008 A. Reynolds House Suns (2009) 55 A black hole's surface, where frame-dragging would have played a role.
frame drum n. (a) a revolving drum in a piece of machinery which consists of, or serves as a mounting for, a frame (now rare); (b) Music any of the class of hand drums consisting of a (usually shallow) circular frame, either one or two drumheads, and occasionally also fitted with small bells or jingles.
ΚΠ
1863 Sci. Amer. 21 Feb. 128/2 In combination with the frame-drum, binder, setting and feeding mechanism.
1901 J. Nisbet Burma under Brit. Rule—& Before II. xi. 304 The loud booming of the frame-drums on these almost daily festive occasions seemed unmusical to the end.
1917 Commerce Rep. (U.S. Bureau Foreign & Domest. Commerce) 8 June 922 The beating machine is a simple affair consisting of a frame drum revolving at high speed on which wooden or round iron crosspieces are affixed at intervals.
1935 K. G. Izigowitz Mus. & Other Instruments of S. Amer. Indians 165 Another single-membrane drum is the arctic shaman-drum or frame-drum.
1961 A. C. Baines Musical Instruments through Ages 36 Frame drums also include a wide range of forms, with instruments as different from each other as the huge drums of ancient Sumeria,..and the European tambourines.
2000 S. Broughton et al. World Music: Rough Guide II. i. 5/2 All over Afghanistan in the privacy of their homes women play, sing and dance to the sound of a daireh—a large tambourine-like frame drum.
frame frequency n. = frame rate n.
ΚΠ
1929 Brit. Patent 318,160 3/1 The frame frequency of 18 cycles per second.
1957 Science 25 Oct. 807/1 The disk was rotated at one-third the frame frequency of the television system.
2007 K. Jack Video Demystified (ed. 5) xi. 518/1 Audio sampling may be either locked or unlocked to the video frame frequency.
frame grab n. a still image obtained by capturing a single frame of a television picture, film, or video sequence, typically in digital form; a function or device allowing such images to be captured; (also) the act of capturing such an image; cf. grab n.2 Additions.
ΚΠ
1975 U.S. Patent 3,875,329 8 The frame grab logic..contains a conventional logic comparator.
1986 Broadcasting (Nexis) 28 Apr. 56 3M offered the new Panther graphics generator with frame grab for around $15,000.
1990 InfoWorld 9 Apr. 81/1 The video itself cannot be distorted or otherwise manipulated without doing a frame grab.
2010 Gold Coast Bull. (Southport, Queensland) (Nexis) 6 Mar. 38 Police released CCTV frame grabs this week.
frame-grab v. transitive to obtain (a frame grab) from a television picture, film, or video sequence.
ΚΠ
1974 Electronic Design 22 i. 194/3 The PEP 402 can ‘frame grab’ images and convert slow-scan information to TV-compatible formats.
2002 B. Belleville Deep Cuba vi. 116 Boggess, with whom I have closely worked to frame-grab digital stills from Gidding's underwater footage.
frame-grabbed adj. (of a still image) that is a frame grab; (also, of a television picture, film, or video sequence) having frame grabs captured from it.
ΚΠ
1977 Brit. Patent 1,475,537 4/2 A disc..operates to provide a frame grabbed video display.
1990 InfoWorld 9 Apr. 84/1 The software also lets you adjust the brightness and contrast of a frame-grabbed image.
2006 Edmonton Sun (Nexis) 3 Mar. 11 No television footage of the premier's outburst. No frame-grabbed still photos gracing the front pages of the newspapers.
frame grabber n. a device or software function which allows a single frame of a television picture, film, or video sequence to be captured (typically in digital form); cf. grabber n. Additions.
ΚΠ
1970 Electronic Design 12 Apr. 69/2 What we would really like is a frame grabber. You can code the frames displayed on a normal TV, so that you can identify and capture that frame, store it and then look at it as long as you wish electronically.
1992 Pop. Mech. Sept. 65 A moderate-quality $2,400 camcorder with a $1,400 frame-grabber board.
2007 Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 13 Mar. (Computers section) 8 That video image, which is captured using the infra-red end of the spectrum, is then fed via a frame grabber..into a personal computer.
frame grabbing adj. and n. (a) adj. (of a device or software function) that captures frame grabs; (b) n. the action or process of obtaining frame grabs from a television picture, film, or video sequence.
ΚΠ
1972 Electronics 27 Mar. 30/2 Several companies have been developing frame grabbing devices.
1972 N.Y. Times 5 Mar. iii. 9/1 Television is about to spawn a multimillion-dollar business... It is called frame-snatching or frame grabbing.
1982 Byte (Nexis) Feb. 219 The Ditherizer II software contains machine-language routines for frame-grabbing, dithering, and contouring.
2002 J. Lacey Compl. Guide Digital Imaging 131 Frame-grabbing software allows you to select exactly the right one for your still image purposes.
2007 R. Harrington Photoshop for Video (ed. 3) ii. 42/1 Frame grabbing from live video.
frame level n. a mason's level (level n. 1a).
ΚΠ
1792 W. Marshall Minutes in Rural Econ. W. Eng. (1796) II. 325 This pathlet was formed with the frame level in hand.
1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 913/1 Frame-level, a mason's level.
1904 Anaconda (Montana) Standard 21 Jan. 5/1–2 (advt.) Machinist iron frame levels.
2003 R. T. Kreh Masonry Skills (ed. 5) ii. vi. 56/2 High-quality aluminum milled frame levels that are very comfortable to handle even in cold weather.
frame-maker n. a person who makes picture frames, etc.
ΚΠ
1670 J. Smith England's Improvem. Reviv'd iv. 98 The Chesnut is..much used by Joyners and Frame-makers.
1762 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting II. ii. 52 Norrice frame-maker to the Court,..saved several of the pictures.
1822 B. Hofland Son of Genius iv His frame-maker agreeing to take his pictures off his hands.
1940 Burlington Mag. Jan. 22/2 The Marlborough Street..I found some years ago in a frame-maker's shop.
2002 Australian 8 Apr. (Brisbane ed.) 15/2 Tasmania's most sought after frame-maker over the past 15 years has become its most sought after artist.
frame narrative n. [probably after German Rahmenerzählung (see frame story n.)] chiefly Literary Criticism and Literary Theory = frame story n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > types of narrative or story generally > [noun] > primary story as framework for others
frame story1883
frame-tale1897
frame narrative1909
1909 C. Thomas Hist. German Lit. xviii. 342 The multitudinous Serapion stories, with the frame narrative of the storytelling club in Berlin, where Hoffmann spent the last six years of his life as judge of a criminal court.
1988 L. Hutcheon Canad. Postmodern i. 8 Its setting [sc. Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter], what we might call its colour-coding, and its frame narrative, which suggests historical verification through documentation, are all present, but are also all made ironic in context.
2001 C. Kelly Russ. Lit. iv. 63 The 1910s and 1920s saw a revival of ‘Pushkinian’ devices in prose too—the use of frame narratives, epigraphs, texts-within-texts, and other strategies marking the distance of a tale from reality.
frame narrator n. [after frame narrative n.; compare German Rahmenerzähler (1882 or earlier)] chiefly Literary Theory and Literary Criticism a fictional character who narrates a frame story.
ΚΠ
1946 PMLA 61 770 We do not return at the end to the young reader of the magazine story; we do return to the ‘middle-frame’ narrator, the Traveller.]
1959 C. F. Bowers Characterization in Narr. Poetry G. Crabbe iii. 45 The quoted frame-narrators perform this function in almost every instance.
1963 Mod. Philol. 60 192/2 The frame narrator and Simon Wheeler engage in a contest of innuendo and insult.
1992 Rev. Eng. Stud. 43 230 The narrative convention is that of the told tale: a frame narrator reports the narrative spoken by an inner narrator.
frame pulley n. a pulley in which the wheels are mounted in a frame, rather than a block.
ΚΠ
1816 National Advocate (N.Y.) 9 Nov. Consisting of the following articles, viz:—Brass commode nobs, handles and roses,..window & frame pullies.
1921 Electric Jrnl. Nov. 501/1 The real offender is the final belt from the shafting or four frame motor to the frame pulley.
2008 Washington Post (Nexis) 4 Dec. h2 Thread the free end of each cord through a frame pulley, then up around a high pulley.
frame rate n. the frequency at which frames in a television picture, film, or video sequence are displayed.
ΚΠ
1942 U.S. Patent 2,288,096 1/1 The frame rate of the film differs from that used in the television transmission.
1981 Aviation Week & Space Technol. (Nexis) 22 June 111 A large-screen display of real-time video imagery at frame rates of 100/sec.
2007 Maximum PC Oct. 72/2 Those looks are costly in terms of frame rate: Asus's mighty GeForce 8800 GTX squeezed out just 31 fps.
frameset n. (a) the frame and front forks of a bicycle; (b) Computing a group of frames (sense A. 9f), esp. such a group displayed simultaneously in a web browser; (also) a file containing instructions for such a display.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicle propelled by feet > [noun] > cycle > parts and equipment of cycles > frame and parts of
frame1869
fork1871
headpiece1877
head1881
frameset1899
dropout1923
crossbar1966
1899 Hardware Dealers' Mag. Jan. 125/1 (advt.) Thompson's Diamond Frame Sets, Solar Lamps, and makers of Gordon Saddles.
1974 Pop. Mech. Oct. 30/1 I doubt you can buy a bike with costly steels, hand-brazed-up frameset and forged lugs for much under $250.
1988 Communications ACM 31 824 (caption) Each little hierarchy of frames represents a task-related group of frames [i.e. screen-sized workspaces]... The dotted lines indicate which framesets are stored on which disks.
2008 E. Petroutsos Mastering Microsoft Visual Basic 2008 xxv. 909 Frames. These effectively create the different parts of your page in separate HTML documents. You would use a frameset to reassemble them as a single page in the browser.
2010 in A. Clarke Smart Cycling ii. 24 Many frame builders will create a frameset—frame and fork—built to your specifications of size, material, and frame design.
frameshift n. Molecular Biology displacement of the reading frame in a nucleic acid sequence; spec. (more fully frameshift mutation) any mutation which results in this by insertion or deletion of nucleotides in numbers other than multiples of three.
ΚΠ
1961 F. H. C. Crick et al. in Nature 30 Dec. 1229/2 The simplest postulate to make is that the shift of the reading frame produces some triplets the reading of which is ‘unacceptable’.]
1965 Q. Rev. Biol. 40 264/2 Their complements, with reversed polarity, and no frame shift, are: Up Up A and Cp Up A.
1988 L. Stryer Biochem. (ed. 3) vii. 171 The deletion or addition of a nucleotide, a frameshift mutation, leads to an entirely different amino acid sequence on the distal side of the mutation.
2002 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 16616/1 This deletion causes a frameshift and the introduction of a stop codon.
frameshifting n. Molecular Biology the occurrence or initiation of a frameshift; spec. (more fully ribosomal frameshifting) a mechanism by which certain viruses and yeasts, etc., can produce different proteins from a single messenger RNA sequence by the use of different sites for initiation and termination of translation.
ΚΠ
1969 Exper. Hematol. 19 49 These concluding speculations suggest that a special form of frame shifting and nonhomologous pairing occurs in the antibody-active site.
1999 New Scientist 3 July 85/1 (advt.) A..studentship is available in the Division of Virology to study ribosomal frameshifting, a translational strategy used by retroviruses to express reverse transcriptase.
2005 Amer. Jrnl. Med. Genetics A. 134 295 Analysis of other types of DMD mutations, such as premature stop codons and small frameshifting insertions or deletions, has..been hampered by the large size of the gene.
framesmith n. a manufacturer of weaving frames.
ΚΠ
1725 London Gaz. No. 6385/4 John Smith..Frame-Smith.
1867 C. Tomlinson Cycl. Useful Arts II. 876/2 The separate parts [of the stocking frame] are made by the frame-smith.
1938 Econ. Hist. Rev. 8 208 The framesmiths..played so important a part in the development of spinning machinery.
2006 Evening Post (Nottingham) (Nexis) 26 Oct. 36 Among their neighbours..were 27 lacemakers, 11 framework knitters, three framesmiths and many textile workers.
frame store n. (a) U.S. a store or shop constructed from a timber-frame skeleton (cf. sense A. 6); (b) Computing = frame buffer n.
ΚΠ
1801 National Intelligencer & Washington Advertiser 12 Aug. A two story Frame Store to let.
1920 Illinois Catholic Hist. Rev. 3 431 He was back in Chicago in 1831 and in 1832 built a frame store, the first frame store in Chicago.
1973 IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 20 244 A charge-coupled area image sensor and frame store.
2003 Arkansas Democrat-Gaz. (Little Rock) (Nexis) 12 Dec. 60 An old frame store has been reconstructed as a typical small-town Masonic Lodge.
2004 J. Kerr in E. P. J. Tozer Broadcast Engineer's Ref. Bk. iv. vi. 550/1 When working with uncompressed high-resolution image, large capacity framestores are crucial.
frame story n. [after German Rahmenerzählung (1837 or earlier)] chiefly Literary Criticism and Literary Theory a story which serves as a framework within which a number of other stories are told; cf. sense A. 21.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > types of narrative or story generally > [noun] > primary story as framework for others
frame story1883
frame-tale1897
frame narrative1909
1883 H. M. Kennedy tr. B. ten Brink Early Eng. Lit. ii. viii. 179 The connective or frame-story..underwent changes which perhaps owed their origin to the Normans in Sicily or southern Italy.
1924 F. Edgerton Panchatantra Reconstructed II. i. 4 Each of the five books contains not only a primary story, which we call the ‘frame-story’, but also at least one, and usually several, ‘emboxt’ stories.
2000 Nature 2 Nov. 31/1 The tragedy of dementia is the theme of the frame-story in this book.
frame stud n. one of the uprights of the frame of a building (cf. stud n.1 1a).
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > framework of building > [noun] > members of
pan1284
balka1300
lacec1330
pautre1360
dorman1374
rib1378
montant1438
dormant?1454
transom1487
ground-pillar?a1500
barge-couple1562
spar foot1579
frankpost1587
tracing1601
sleeper1607
bressumer1611
master-beam1611
muntin1611
discharge1620
dormer1623
mounting post1629
tassel1632
baufrey1640
pier1663
storey post1663
breastplate?1667
mudsill1685
template1700
brow-post1706
brow-stone1761
runner1772
stretching beam1776
pole plate1787
sabliere1800
frame stud1803
bent1815
mounting1819
bond-timber1823
storey rod1823
wall-hold1833
wall-strap1833
truss-block1883
sleeper-beam1937
shell1952
1803 A. Hunter et al. Georgical Ess. (new ed.) II. 195 In wooden cottages, the frame-studs are to be six inches by five.
1876 D. van Nostrand Text Bk. Surv., Projections, & Portable Instruments xii. 122 Set up the standards by means of the braces, taking care to set the screws connecting them with the frame-studs well taut.
1996 Times-Picayune (New Orleans) (Nexis) 9 Mar. r1 Only after..readings were taken from the sheathing and frame studs of..homes were high levels of moisture discovered.
frame-tale n. [probably after German Rahmenerzählung (see frame story n.)] Literary Theory and Literary Criticism = frame story n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > types of narrative or story generally > [noun] > primary story as framework for others
frame story1883
frame-tale1897
frame narrative1909
1897 Jrnl. Royal Asiatic Soc. Apr. 377 This tale is identical with the frame-tale of the Pancatantra.
1912 S. L. Wolff Greek Romances in Elizabethan Prose Fiction i. ii. 195 The main story of the ‘Æthiopica’, for fully half its course, is degraded to the level of a ‘frame-tale’, and made to enclose the incidental novella of Cnemon, [etc.].
1994 J. Barth Once upon Time 341 I luxuriated in our first upstate springtime..casually researching the entire corpus of frametale literature: stories-within-stories from every culture and century that I could find them in.
frame tape n. now rare a strong linen tape produced on a weaving frame.
ΚΠ
1867 Times 11 Apr. 11/5 William..was..charged with stealing from his employer 660 gross of frame tape,..and other goods.
1882 S. F. A. Caulfeild & B. C. Saward Dict. Needlework 213/2 Frame Tape. This is a stout half bleached linen tape..The..prefix ‘Frame’ refers to the loom on which it is woven.
1912 Electrician 13 Dec. 533/1 J. North Hardy & Son, linen frame tape and linen tape.
frame tent n. a tent supported by a free-standing steel frame.
ΚΠ
1839 W. Leigh in Monthly Rev. July 371 Take a few shut-up chairs, good beds, tools, and a frame-tent.
1961 Spectator 23 June 933 Frame tents are what liken the camping fields of Europe to Agincourt.
2006 B. Strange Scenes from Erratic Life 134 We had to find a campsite and pitch our borrowed frame tent.
frame timbers n. the timbers used in making the frames of a ship; esp. the timbers that compose a frame bend.
ΚΠ
1664 E. Bushnell Compl. Ship-wright vi. 22 You may marke a marke at every third or fourth Timbers, which you resolve to make frame Timbers.
1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine at Scarf When another piece is laid upon, and fastened to both, as in the case in all frame timbers, this is called scarfing the timbers.
1863 P. Barry Dockyard Econ. 139 The frame timbers are then cut by the sawyers to the slope required by the moulds.
1998 Motor Boat & Yachting Jan. 49/3 Some of the frame timbers also needed replacing.
frame-tubbing n. Obsolete the lining of a pit shaft or tunnel with timber (cf. tubbing n. 2).
ΚΠ
1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal Mining Frame Tubbing, solid wood tubbing.
frameworker n. now historical a person who works at a weaving frame.
ΚΠ
1778 Gazetteer & New Daily Advertiser 28 Feb. 1/2 The frame-workers wages bill being negatived on the report.
1812 Ld. Byron Let. 25 Feb. (1973) II. 165 Practices which have deprived the frame workers of employment.
1917 Textile Amer. June 31 Although this form of tie is speedy and firm, yet if not properly made, it can cause great trouble to the frameworker.
2002 Scotl. on Sunday (Nexis) 3 Nov. 16 Apprenticed as a frameworker to a woollen mill, Blyth had an urge to see the world and joined the Army at 18.
frame yard n. an enclosed area where plants and vegetables are grown in frames (sense A. 9b).
ΚΠ
1838 Hort. Reg. 1 Apr. 157 To its compact gardens are attached two glass-houses, and a frame yard.
1933 Jrnl. Royal Hort. Soc. 58 i. 13 The plants..should be..left on the beds for two or three days before removing to the frame yard.
1999 S. Campbell Walled Kitchen Gardens 23 The frame yard included glass-roofed pine-apple pits as well as frames.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

frameadj.1

Forms: early Old English fraam, Old English fram, Old English freom (rare), Old English from, Middle English frame.
Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with Middle Low German framb , vrāme strong, vigorous, fit, able, excellent, effective, Middle High German (rare) fram bold, strong, Old Icelandic framr , Old Swedish framber , both in sense ‘forward, bold, audacious, prominent, excellent’ < the same Germanic base as from prep.Also apparently attested in place names, as Framuuelgate, Durham (c1275; now Framwellgate Moor), lit. ‘street by the strongly gushing spring’.
Obsolete.
Bold, brave, strong; strenuous, active, eager; excellent, splendid; efficacious, effective.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > advantage > efficacy > [adjective]
frameeOE
goodeOE
mightyOE
vailanta1325
sicker1338
mightful1340
suffisant1340
virtuousa1387
effectivea1398
effectuala1398
worthya1398
availingc1420
effectuous?a1425
operant?a1425
substantialc1449
virtual?a1475
substantious1483
available1502
efficacious1528
energial1528
working1532
operatory1551
operatoriousa1555
stately1567
feckful1568
efficace?1572
shifty1585
operative1590
instrumental1601
efficable1607
speeding1612
effectuating1615
officious1618
availsome1619
prevailable1624
valid1651
perficient1659
affectuous1664
implemental1676
virtual1760
efficient1787
sufficient1831
slick1833
roadworthy1837
practician1863
positive1903
performant1977
eOE Corpus Gloss. (1890) 46/1 Efficax, expeditus, from.
OE Andreas (1932) 234 He wæs anræd ellenweorces, heard ond higerof, nalas hildlata, gearo, guðe fram, to Godes campe.
OE Beowulf (2008) 21 Swa sceal ge[ong] guma gode gewyrcean, fromum feohgiftum on fæder [bea]rme.
OE Beowulf (2008) 1641 Semninga to sele comon frome, fyrdhwate feowertyne Geata gongan.
OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Cambr. Univ. Libr.) v. xviii. 466 Wæs he [sc. Acca] se wer se fromesta & for Gode & for mannum micellic [L. uir et ipse strenuissimus et coram deo et hominibus magnificus].
a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) l. 9604 Sey..‘Y crysten þe..’ And ȝyue, what þou wylt, hyt a name, And kast on water; þan ys hyt frame.
This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

framev.

Brit. /freɪm/, U.S. /freɪm/
Forms:

α. Old English framian, Middle English– frame, 1500s fframe, 1600s fraime, 1800s fraimt (past tense, English regional (northern)), 1800s– fraame (English regional (northern and Cornwall)), 1900s– frayam (English regional (northern)).

β. early Old English fromgan, Old English fromian, early Middle English fromie.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a word inherited from Germanic. Partly formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: frame n.
Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Frisian framia to further, advance, benefit, Middle Dutch vrāmen to be advantageous, profitable, or beneficial, to avail, Old Saxon framōn (only in the prefixed verb giframōn to accomplish; Middle Low German vrāmen to be advantageous or profitable, to further, advance, benefit), Old Icelandic frama to further, advance < the same Germanic base as frame adj.1 Compare also freme v., which shows a different derivative formation ultimately from the same Germanic base, and which shows large-scale semantic overlap with this word. The sense development shown by branch II. perhaps proceeds from ‘to benefit, profit’ to ‘to accomplish, effect’ and to ‘to finish, perfect’; however, the possibility cannot be ruled out that these senses are influenced by frame n., which may perhaps show a different origin in the corresponding senses (see discussion at that entry). In later use (in senses 10 and 11) independently < frame n.Association with freme v. was probably reinforced by the influence of early Scandinavian forms (compare Old Icelandic fremja (see freme v.), which has past tense framdi , past participle framdr (lacking i-mutation)). With sense 8a compare similar regional uses of shape v.
I. To bestow or gain benefit or advantage.
1.
a. transitive. To do good to, benefit, or profit (a person or thing). Also: to supply the needs of, to feed or tend to (a person or animal). Obsolete.In Old and early Middle English with dative.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > provide or supply (something) [verb (transitive)] > provide for the wants or needs of
frameOE
providec1425
sorrow1481
stake1547
exhibit1601
sorry1601
consult1682
organize1892
the mind > possession > supply > provide or supply (something) [verb (transitive)] > provide or supply (a person or thing) with anything > equip or outfit
frameOE
dightc1275
fayc1275
graith1297
attire1330
purveyc1330
shapec1330
apparel1366
harnessc1380
ordaina1387
addressa1393
array1393
pare1393
feata1400
point1449
reparel?c1450
provide1465
fortify1470
emparel1480
appoint1490
deck?15..
equip1523
trim1523
accoutre1533
furnish1548
accommodate1552
fraught1571
suit1572
to furnish up1573
to furnish out1577
rig1579
to set out1585
equipage1590
outreik1591
befit1598
to furnish forth1600
fita1616
to fit up1670
outrig1681
to fit out1722
mount?1775
outfit1798
habilitate1824
arm1860
to fake out1871
heel1873
OE tr. Bili St. Machutus 34 Næs nan tid þæt he oþþe oþrum mannum ne framede, oþþe him selfum streonende nære.
OE Rule St. Benet (Corpus Cambr.) lvii. 95 Forðy, þe he bydæle þære stowe mid his cræfte framað [L. eo quod videatur aliquid conferre monasterio].
OE tr. Chrodegang of Metz Regula Canonicorum (Corpus Cambr. 191) lx. 297 Manege synt.., þæt na þæt an hi sylfe fordrencað, ac eac oðre halsiað þæt hi mare drincon þonne him framige [L. ut amplius quam expedit bibant].
a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Titus) (1963) 35 He harmes him & frames te [c1230 Corpus Cambr. freameð þe].
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1642 At set time he sulden samen Ðor [i.e. at the well] hem-self, & here orf framėn.
b. intransitive. To be of use or value; to avail; it frames little: it profits little, it is of no avail. Also (of a remedy or medicine): to be efficacious. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > advantage > be advantageous or beneficial [verb (intransitive)]
dowc950
frameOE
fremeOE
helpc1000
gainc1175
holdc1175
vail1303
yainc1325
it is speedfulc1340
profit1340
speedc1380
prowa1400
bootc1400
prevailc1450
avail1489
mister1490
skill1528
stead1594
advantagea1616
conduce1624
OE Vercelli Homilies (1992) xx. 339 Heo [sc. ðysse worulde unrotnes] ne mæg nan þing on godum worcum fromian [L. proficere], ac heo gedrefeð þæt mod.
OE Rule St. Benet (Corpus Cambr.) xxviii. 52 Gif he..ongyt, þæt eal his hogu and gleawscipe naht framað [a1225 Winteney fremeð; L. si uiderit nihil suam praeualere industriam].
OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Vitell.) (1984) cxlvi. 188 Wið liferseocnysse & wið nyrwyt & wið swiðlicne hracan genim þysse wyrte to duste gecnucudre anne cuculere fulne, syle drincan on liþan beore; hyt framað [OE Hatton fremað, ?a1200 Harl. 6258B fremað].
a1450 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Lamb.) (1887) i. l. 11112 (MED) Of þer childre hit seis þe names; To nemne hem here, litel hit frames.
2. intransitive. To gain ground, make progress; to prosper, succeed. Also (in neutral sense): to fare, go (well, ill, etc.). Obsolete.In quot. lOE: to be superior in strength, to gain mastery. In quot. 1550: to get on with something.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > doing > a proceeding > proceed or carry on an action [verb (intransitive)] > get on well or badly
farec1000
speeda1122
wendc1325
hapc1350
wieldc1384
frame1509
shift?1533
to make out1776
to get on1861
the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > progress or advance in an action [verb (intransitive)] > make progress or advance (of action or operation)
fremec1000
furtherc1200
profit1340
to go onc1449
grow1487
to commence to, intoa1500
framea1529
to get ground?1529
movec1540
work1566
promove1570
advance1577
devolve1579
to come on1584
progress1612
to gain ground1625
germinate1640
proceed1670
to gather ground1697
march1702
to make its way1711
to come forward1722
develop1744
to turn a wheel1864
shape1865
come1899
eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) iii. xiv. 212 Þa węrgan gastas..teoledon, þæt heo him þone heofonlican weg forsette & fortynde; ne heo hwædre owiht in þon fromedon [L. proficiebant].
OE tr. Defensor Liber Scintillarum (1969) iv. 40 Humilitas quantum inclinatur ad ima tantum proficit in excelsum : eadmodness swa micelum swa heo ys ahyld to neowlum swa micelum heo framað on heahnysse.
lOE Canterbury Psalter ix. 20 Exurge domine, non prevaleat homo : aris drihten ne swiþie uel framie mon.
1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. ccxxxviv But oft full yll they frame That wyll be besy with to hye thynges to mell.
a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Fiv The feldfare wolde haue fydled & it wolde not frame.
1550 H. Latimer Moste Faithfull Serm. before Kynges Maiestye sig. Biiiiv Now I could not frame with it, nor it liked me not in no sauce.
1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates York xxiii God that causeth thinges to fro or frame.
1582 T. Watson Passionate Cent. of Loue lxxxi, in Poems (1870) 117 So frames it with mee now, that I [etc.].
1634 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. 126 Even howbeit the business frame not, the Lord shall feed your soul.
1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ 184 It framed not according to expectation.
a1712 T. Halyburton Great Concern Salvation (1721) iii. 486 Can ye not be well enough pleased, if your other Business frame well with you.
1803 in W. Scott Minstrelsy Sc. Border (ed. 2) III. 165 Sae weel we frame, I think it is convenient, That we should sing a psalm.
3. transitive. To prepare or make ready (food). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > prepare [verb (transitive)] > for use
yarkenc1275
dighta1325
framea1325
stightlea1375
rena1425
unlimber1867
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3146 So mikil hird so it noten mai Ben at euen folc sum to samen, And ilc folc is to fode framen, And eten it bred.
II. To give structure to, shape, or construct.
4.
a. transitive. To construct by fitting and uniting the parts of the skeleton of (a wooden structure); to join together the frame of (a house, a ship, etc.). Also: to cut or prepare (timber) for use in building; to perform the carpenter's work for (a house, a ship, etc.). Also with up. Frequently in to frame and rear, frame and set up.In quot. c1540: (figurative) to decorate with a framework (of pearls).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > constructing or working with wood > build or construct with wood [verb (transitive)] > prepare, dress, or square timber
framec1330
square1412
postc1520
timber out1628
slab1703
side1754
to bring forward1823
match1833
underhew1847
to run up1863
c1330 (?a1300) Richard Coer de Lyon (Auch.) l. 117 in Englische Studien (1885) 8 116 (MED) Þe kniȝtes framed þat trecastel Bifor þe cite on an hel.
a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) iii. l. 530 This tymber is al redy vp to frame Vs lakketh nought but þat we weten wolde A certeyn houre in whiche she comen sholde.
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 176 Framyn tymbyr for howsys, dolo.
a1460 Knyghthode & Bataile (Pembr. Cambr. 243) l. 2648 The carpenter is wurthi blame That into shippis wil weet tymbour frame.
1520 R. Whittington Uulgaria sig. A.iij To square tymbre frame and reyte ony buyldyng.
1537 in State Papers Henry VIII (1830) I. 569 The greate tymber of the ship is alredy framed, and thre strakes therof planked.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 6206 A cloth all of clene gold, Dubbit full of diamondis..Framet ouer fresshly with frettes of perle.
1542–3 Act 34 & 35 Hen. VIII c. 25 It shalbe lawfull..to erecte, make, frame and set vp..one good..windemill.
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde ii. ii. f. 58 They framed [L. construxere] a new carauel shortly after.
1557 Trin. Coll. Acc. in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) II. 472 Carpenter 4 dayes in framing tymber for ye upper floor.
1603 Trin. Coll. Acc. in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) II. 491 A bargayne to frame finish and set vp ye roofe.
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 670 After it [sc. timber for building a fleet] was framed, and readie to be set togither.
1679 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. vii. 125 To pin the Frame..of a Roof together, while it is framing.
1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 302 The Carpenters Work to Hew the timber, saw it out, frame it, and set it together.
1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 163 Their Rafts..were all lifted off from the Place where they were fram'd.
1797 in J. Wentworth Compl. Syst. Pleading III. 311 Hew, square, cut, and frame, and rear the said messuage or tenement.
1839 C. M. Kirkland New Home xii. 70 Did not Mrs Ketchum say Green's house was framed?.. It took me some time to understand that framing was nothing more than cutting the tenons and mortices ready for putting the timbers together.
1857 H. D. Thoreau Jrnl. 20 Feb. in Writings (1906) IX. vii. 273 Minott says that the house he now lives in was framed and set up by Captain Isaac Hoar.
1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 189/2 This is really the first stage in the operation of ‘framing’ a wood ship.
1930 C. G. Barns Sod House v. 58 A board door was framed and set up with a small window by its side.
1950 Pop. Mech. Feb. 94 After the third Saturday's work, the Rutherford's house was framed up and ready for the second-floor beams.
1975 J. Harvey Mediaeval Craftsmen 151 Harresone had timber sawn, costing £4, and framed and reared the house to the value of £5 at least.
2004 T. Speicher Lifetime of Church xlix. 438 Once the building was framed we often had more volunteer help than could be used.
b. transitive. To join, fasten (a beam, joist, girder, etc.) to, into something; to join, fasten together.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > constructing or working with wood > build or construct with wood [verb (transitive)] > other processes
makec1450
rough-hew1530
rip1532
stick1573
list1635
frame1663
fur1679
beard1711
cord1762
butt1771
drill1785
joint1815
rend1825
broach1846
ross1853
flitch1875
bore1887
stress-grade1955
1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders 15 Carpenters do frame their Railes to Ballesters.
1679 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. ix. 154 The Rail these Steps are built upon..must..be framed into the next Post.
1755 J. Muller Treat. Pract. Part Fortification iii. xxii. 234 Triming-joists are such as are framed into two other joists, for other joists to be framed into them.
1781 W. Pain Builder's Golden Rule 7 Shewing how the building joist is framed into the girder.
1820 T. Tredgold Elem. Princ. Carpentry iii. 61 Framed floors differ..only in having the binding joists framed into large pieces of timber, called girders.
1861 S. E. Warren Man. Elem. Geom. Drawing ii. ii. 39 Pairs of Timbers which are framed together obliquely to each other.
1913 F. Bond Introd. Eng. Church Archit. II. 790 It is spanned high up by a horizontal timber..which is framed into the rafters and pinned.
1954 H. R. Waugh & N. L. Burbank Handbk. Building Terms & Definitions 145/2 A floor in which the binders are framed into the beams.
2004 K. A. Rodwell et al. Acton Court 118/1 All the mortices are closed, indicating that the joists were framed into the beams at the time of construction.
5.
a. transitive. To shape, form, direct (a person, a person's life, thoughts, actions, etc.); to discipline, train (a person, animal, one's tongue, etc.); to dispose, lead, incline (someone) to something. Also reflexive. Frequently with for, to, or infinitive. Also in passive, to be in a certain frame of mind or mood.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > intend [verb (transitive)] > intend or be intended for a purpose
goOE
framea1400
purpose?c1425
meanc1450
destinea1533
destinate1555
intend1600
calculate1639
society > education > teaching > training > train [verb (transitive)]
to teach of1297
exercec1374
informc1384
schoolc1456
break1474
instruct1510
nuzzle1519
train1531
train1542
frame1547
experience?c1550
to trade up1556
disciplinea1586
disciple1596
nursle1596
accommodate1640
educate1643
model1665
form1711
to break in1785
scholar1807
the mind > mental capacity > disposition or character > shape inclinations of, dispose [verb (transitive)]
frame1549
metal?1578
spirit1606
a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) l. 5 Synne to shewe, vs to frame, God to wurschyp, þe fende to shame.
1529 T. More Dyaloge Dyuers Maters iv. xi. f. cviiiv They may fynde the tyme by leysoure to fassyon and frame them [sc. the people] better to theyr purpose.
1547 J. Harrison Exhort. Scottes 210 You shall..frame his youthe with verteous preceptes.
1549 Forme & Maner consecratyng Archebishoppes sig. D.j To frame..youre awne liues..accordyng to the doctrine of Christe.
1561 T. Hoby tr. B. Castiglione Courtyer iii. sig. Hh.ii The good man of the house..firste wyth faire woordes, afterwarde with threatninges attempted to frame her to do his pleasure.
1569 Bp. J. Parkhurst Iniunctions sig. Aii You must endeuour so to order & frame your selues in the setting foorth of Gods true Religion.
1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 49v Two whelpes,..the one hee framed to hunte, & the other [etc.].
1637 S. Rutherford Lett. (1848) clxxxvii. 367 Frame yourself for Christ, and gloom not upon his cross.
a1656 J. Ussher Power of Princes (1683) ii. 131 To frame our wills to the chearful performance of that duty.
1660 S. Pepys Diary 26 Jan. (1970) I. 29 We were as merry as I could frame myself to be.
1662 H. Newcome Diary (1849) 44 I got up about 8, and was but ordinarily framed.
1675 tr. W. Camden Hist. Princess Elizabeth (rev. ed.) Introd. sig. B2v She..framed her Tongue to a pure and elegant way of Speaking.
1741 S. Richardson Pamela III. xxx. 177 She cannot quite..frame her Mouth to the Sound of the Word Sister.
1775 S. Crisp Let. 8 May in F. Burney Early Jrnls. & Lett. (1990) II. 123 I cannot frame myself to any thing else.
1846 J. Keble Lyra Innocentium 247 Such is Thy silent grace, framing aright Our lowly orisons.
1869 Sunday Mag. 1 Apr. 413/2 To frame your thoughts and your endeavours henceforth on the basis of that which you shall now find to be true.
1913 R. Marsh Master of Deception iv. 45 He might have framed his conduct, so far as his uncle was concerned, on different lines.
1970 R. C. Bald John Donne ii. 20 Donne..framed his life within the restrictions of certain standards of conduct.
2006 R. A. Poole Reorganize Your Life vi. 155 To Reorganize Your Life, frame your life according to the standards of the Word of God.
b. intransitive. Chiefly with to. To conform, submit; to adapt; to suit, fit. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > suitability or appropriateness > be suitable, appropriate, or suit [verb (intransitive)]
fayc1300
sita1393
applya1450
fadec1475
frame?1518
agree1534
compete?1541
fadge1578
suit1589
apt1596
suit1601
quadrate1670
gee1699
?1518 A. Barclay tr. D. Mancinus Myrrour Good Maners sig. A.iii To scoftes and iestes myne age wyll nat frame.
1533 T. More Confutation Barnes in Wks. 783/1 How would then those wordes frame.
1586 W. Webbe Disc. Eng. Poetrie sig. Iv It will not frame altogether so currantlye in our English as the other.
1606 P. Holland tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars 76 Having in..ardent heat begun a Tragædie, when he saw his stile would not frame thereto..he..wiped it quite out.
1642 D. Rogers Naaman 436 Bids us try the Unicorne whether he..will..draw our cart..meaning that his wildnesse will not frame to it.
1672 S. Ward Six Serm. 455 How oft did the Almighty Potter bring the stubborn matter to the wheel... When that would not frame to his hand, he brought in the Saxons.
c. transitive. To adapt, adjust (usually something immaterial) to or unto something; to reconcile, submit. Also reflexive. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > adaptation or adjustment > adapt or adjust [verb (transitive)]
afaite?c1225
ablea1400
reducec1450
fashion1526
adapt1531
framec1537
handsome1555
accommode1567
apt?1578
square1578
fit1580
coapt1586
commodate1595
suit1595
dispose1602
adjust1611
agence1633
adaptate1638
plya1657
c1537 King Henry VIII Let. 24 Jan. in Camden Misc. (1992) XXXI. 63 For our sake you can be content..to frame your minde to our pleasure.
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 14v He that wyll lyve emonge menne muste frame hymselfe to the facions of men.
1600 B. Jonson Every Man out of his Humor ii. i. sig. Eii I cannot frame me to your harsh vulgar phrase, 'tis against my Genius. View more context for this quotation
1639 S. Du Verger tr. J.-P. Camus Admirable Events 10 Rosana..framed her selfe unto all the humours of the Prince.
a1716 R. South Serm. Several Occasions (1744) XI. 305 The desires of the righteous are..framed to an agreeableness with the ways of God.
1807 W. Wordsworth Ode in Poems II. 152 Some fragment from his dream of human life... Unto this he frames his song. View more context for this quotation
d. transitive. To shape, compose, give (specified) expression to (the countenance, face). Frequently with to, into, or infinitive. Now archaic and rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > face with expression or expression > face with expression [verb (transitive)]
frame1548
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Luke xx. f. clxiii With their countenaunces framed to a grauitie.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) iii. xiv. sig. Qq5v A countenance still framed to smiling before him..and grombling behind him.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 (1623) iii. ii. 185 Why I can..frame my Face to all occasions. View more context for this quotation
1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Eromena 21 The Admirall (framing the best countenance he could) departed thence.
1728 T. Gordon tr. Tacitus Wks. I. 477 He had into such solemnity fram'd his countenance and whole exteriour.
1778 C. Reeve Old Eng. Baron 103 He had been framing a steady countenance to answer to all interrogatories.
1840 W. Bennet Chief Glen-orchay iii. xviii. 61 The mental bliss not yet departed, That to apt smiles his countenance framed.
1856 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire V. xlvi. 331 Every man framed his countenance to a look of ignorance or anxiety.
1971 N. Coghill tr. G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde iii. 145 With that word he..took a light, and framed his countenance As if to gaze upon an old romance.
e. transitive. To form, shape (a material object). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > shape or give shape to [verb (transitive)]
i-schapeOE
shapec1000
afaite?c1225
feigna1300
form1340
deformc1384
proportionc1384
throwc1390
figure?a1400
parec1400
mould1408
fashion1413
portrayc1450
effigure1486
porture1489
moul1530
shapen1535
frame1553
proportionate1555
efform1578
inform1590
formate1599
to shape out1600
infigure1611
figurate1615
immodelize1649
effinge1657
effigiate1660
configure1857
carpenter1884
1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Hj They frame the roofes of these cotages, with sharpe toppes.
1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 181 The effigies of Saint Ierome, miraculous framed by the naturall veines of the stone.
1678 R. Barclay Apol. True Christian Divinity v. xxiii. 171 The Iron..is softned and framed.
1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. i. 9 Batter it out..pretty near its shape: And so by several Heats..frame it into Form and Size.
6. transitive. With an immaterial object.
a. To devise, invent, fabricate (a rule, story, theory, etc.); to contrive (a plot, etc.); to put together, fashion, compose; to put into words, express; to formulate.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > fashion, shape, or form
i-schapeOE
shapeOE
markc1330
forge1382
kneadc1400
frame?1518
fashion?1553
labour1578
appropriate1594
to shape out1600
elaborate1611
produce1611
moulda1616
fabric1623
coin1627
timber1646
laborate1662
condition1853
the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > inventive or creative faculty > contrive, devise, or invent [verb (transitive)] > a story, etc.
fable1553
frame1576
to lay together1603
the mind > language > speech > speak, say, or utter [verb (transitive)] > give expression to
sayOE
talkc1275
soundc1386
outc1390
shedc1420
utterc1445
conveya1568
discharge1586
vent1602
dicta1605
frame1608
voice1612
pass?1614
language1628
ventilate1637
to give venta1640
vend1657
clothe1671
to take out1692
to give mouth to1825
verbalize1840
to let out1853
vocalize1872
c1400 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 206 (MED) For outh þat þou const forge or frame, But þou sey soth þou schalt be schent.
c1475 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (Harl. 642) (1790) 18 He framed all his new statutes, commaundmentes, and charges, uppon every officer.
?1518 A. Barclay Fyfte Eglog sig. Biiij Than frame they fraudes, men slyly to begyle.
1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 165 Leland calleth it Nouiodunum, whiche word is framed out of the Saxon Niyandune.
1576 A. Fleming tr. Cicero in Panoplie Epist. 150 I will frame an aunsweare, to your two severall letters.
1608 Bp. J. Hall Characters Vertues & Vices ii. 122 He is wittie in nothing but framing excuses to sit still.
1658 J. Bramhall Consecration Protestant Bishops Justified viii. 153 He who had so great a hand in framing the Oath.
1682 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Rights Princes (new ed.) ii. 27 This was a Story framed long after.
1767 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. (new ed.) II. 128 We may observe, with how much nicety and consideration the old rules of law were framed.
1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Odyssey in Iliad & Odyssey II. ii. 226 But let us frame Effectual means.
1808 W. Scott Marmion i. vii. 29 Frame love ditties passing rare, And sing them to a lady fair.
1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. iv. 359 The convocation..had framed their answer in the same spirit.
1895 J. Conrad Almayer's Folly iii. 45 He had time to frame an indignant protest.
1907 Indian Antiquary 36 220 I gradually framed a Theory of Universal Grammar.
1955 H. Kurnitz Invasion of Privacy (1956) ii. 14 Messages were now framed in cablese.
1979 R. P. Graves A. E. Housman iii. 41 The motion was framed in anti-Conservative terms.
2005 J. Dicker United States of Wal-Mart i. 24 When Wal-Mart first blipped on the public's radar, the narrative..was framed as a feel-good story.
b. To form or construct (a thought, a concept, an idea, etc.) in the mind; to conceive, imagine. More fully to frame to oneself. †Also with out.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > imagine or visualize [verb (intransitive)]
areachc1220
supposea1393
thinka1400
framea1529
to conceive of1570
humour1605
imagine1631
conceive1658
realize1658
visualize1871
the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > imagine or visualize [verb (transitive)]
seeOE
thinkOE
bethinkc1175
devise1340
portraya1375
imagec1390
dreama1393
supposea1393
imaginea1398
conceive?a1425
fantasyc1430
purposea1513
to frame to oneselfa1529
'magine1530
imaginate1541
fancy1551
surmit?1577
surmise1586
conceit?1589
propose1594
ideate1610
project1612
figurea1616
forma1616
to call up1622
propound1634
edify1645
picture1668
create1679
fancify1748
depicture1775
vision1796
to conjure up1819
conjure1820
envisage1836
to dream up1837
visualize1863
envision1921
pre-visualize1969
a1529 J. Skelton Phyllyp Sparowe (?1545) sig. B.viii What thought I can frame.
1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. ii. 6 These trencher-mates..frame to themselues a way more pleasant.
a1618 W. Raleigh Sceptick in Remains (1651) 21 As several humours are predominant, so are the..conceits severally framed and effected.
1653 H. More Antidote against Atheisme i. iii. 7 An Idea of a Being absolutely..perfect, which wee frame out by attributing all conceivable perfection to it.
1664 J. Playford Brief Introd. Skill Musick (ed. 4) i. 61 Who having framed to himself a manner of Singing.
1710 G. Berkeley Treat. Princ. Human Knowl. §98 Whenever I attempt to frame a simple idea of time.
1782 H. More Moses in Sacred Dramas iii. 37 A mother's fondness frames a thousand fears.
1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision III. ii. 48 With thoughts devout, Such as I best can frame.
1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola I. ix. 158 He could frame to himself no probable image of love scenes between them.
1908 E. F. Benson Climber 31 Her imagination was not equal to framing a contingency which should embody her objections.
1943 R. P. Warren At Heaven's Gate iii. 54 The reason for his decision he never quite framed to himself.
1998 C. Small Musicking 220 That leads us finally to the question that I framed to myself in the Prelude to this book.
c. To form, articulate, utter (words, sounds).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > speak, say, or utter [verb (transitive)] > articulate or pronounce
sayOE
shapec1200
formc1300
pronouncec1390
sound1543
prelatea1549
frame1549
articulate1561
annunciate1763
enunciate1767
enounce1829
1549 R. Crowley Psalter of Dauid xvii. sig. D.iv And wyth theyr mouth presumptuouselye, proude wordes they haue framed.
1609 Bible (Douay) I. Num. ix. comm. God answered by a voice framed by an Angel.
1717 A. Pope Fable of Dryope in Wks. 279 When first his infant voice shall frame Imperfect words.
1782 H. More Belshazzar i. 62 Then may my tongue refuse to frame the strains Of sweetest harmony.
1828 R. Whately Elem. Rhetoric iv. 353 An emotion..produces a tendency to a bodily gesture, to express that emotion more quickly than words can be framed.
1880 G. Meredith Tragic Comedians I. viii. 188 She framed the words half aloud in a moan.
1928 A. Gesell Infancy & Human Growth 354 This..sociality exists even through the prelanguage period, long before the child has framed a single word.
1947 ‘D. Yates’ Berry Scene v. 135 Nobby looked at me, and my lips framed the words ‘Good dog’.
2000 D. Drake Lt. Leary Commanding xiv. 191 ‘Not half so much as I'll miss you, sweet thing,’ Daniel said, knowing as he framed the words that the truth was a little more complex.
d. To cause, produce, bring to pass. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)]
wieldeOE
timberc897
letc900
rearOE
doOE
i-wendeOE
workOE
makeOE
bringc1175
raisec1175
shapec1315
to owe (also have) a wold (also on wield)a1325
procurec1330
purchasec1330
causec1340
conform1377
performa1382
excite1398
induce1413
occasionate?c1450
occasionc1454
to bring about1480
gara1500
to bring to passc1513
encause1527
to work out1534
inferc1540
excitate?1549
import1550
ycause1563
frame1576
effect1581
to bring in1584
effectuatea1586
apport?1591
introduce1605
create1607
generate1607
cast1633
efficiate1639
conciliate1646
impetrate1647
state1654
accompass1668
to bring to bear1668
to bring on1671
effectivate1717
makee1719
superinduce1837
birth1913
1576 A. Fleming Panoplie Epist. Epitome sig. Aivv Can you name? A better place then countrie blest? Where..Summers frame Ioyes.
a1592 R. Greene Comicall Hist. Alphonsus (1599) v. sig. G4 His daughter..by her marying, did his pardon frame.
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iv. i. 178 Which God so frame . View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) v. iii. 32 Feare frames disorder. View more context for this quotation
7. transitive. To make (something); to produce, esp. by fitting or uniting parts together; to create. In later use esp. with reference to a divine creator. Now archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > construct
workOE
dighta1175
to set upc1275
graitha1300
formc1300
pitchc1330
compoundc1374
to put togethera1387
performc1395
bigc1400
elementc1400
complexion1413
erect1417
framea1450
edifya1464
compose1481
construe1490
to lay together1530
perstruct1547
to piece together1572
condite1578
conflate1583
compile1590
to put together1591
to set together1603
draw1604
build1605
fabric1623
complicate1624
composit1640
constitute1646
compaginate1648
upa1658
complex1659
construct1663
structurate1664
structure1664
confect1677
to put up1699
rig1754
effect1791
structuralize1913
a1450 R. Spaldyng Katereyn in Anglia (1907) 30 541 (MED) Þou schalt be famyd, ffayre haue I framyd A crowne for þi sake.
c1450 in F. J. Furnivall Hymns to Virgin & Christ (1867) 55 (MED) I schal newe tungis in ȝou frame Alle maner of langages forþ to deele.
c1475 (c1450) P. Idley Instr. to his Son (Cambr.) (1935) ii. A. l. 295 (MED) God hath shewed thus his tokenyng To hym that was framed and formed of clay.
?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. vi. sig. C ij v Couple ye endes of those two right lines togither with a thirde, and so haue you framed a Triangle equall to the former.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iv. f. 185 They be greater, as though their bodies were purposely framed for generation.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 338 Alexander the great caused Lysippus..to frame the pictures of all those knights which..were slaine at the Riuer Granicum.
1612 P. Pomarius Enchiridion Med. (new ed.) 94 A cataplasme framed of crumbs..and milke with oile of Roses.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 691 It was a place Chos'n by the sovran Planter, when he fram'd All things to mans delightful use. View more context for this quotation
1716 J. Philips Pretender's Flight i. 14 Sure those exquisitely elegant Features were never framed of Scots Clay.
1779 Bp. G. Horne Disc. I. i. 5 A man framed of clay, and animated by a spark of celestial fire.
1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake iii. 103 The field-fare framed her lowly nest.
1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) III. 418 The things in heaven are framed by the Creator in the most perfect manner.
1912 Catholic Encycl. XIV. 75/1 We say that the Creator could not have given man a fixed nature, as He has, without willing man to work out the purpose for which that nature is framed.
1950 R. Davies At my Heart's Core ii. 49 It is no secret that he is one of the least capable settlers hereabout. He was not framed for such work, and neither are you.
2004 D. Friedel Imagine That! iv. 74 It is by faith, not by sight,that we understand that God framed the world by his Word.
8.
a. intransitive. Chiefly with infinitive. To set about, make an attempt to do something; to pretend; to manage, contrive. Also: to engage in an activity in a promising manner, to show promise (with something). In later use chiefly English regional. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > endeavour > make an attempt or endeavour [verb (intransitive)] > to do something
cuneOE
seekc1000
fanda1225
suec1325
tastec1330
enforcec1340
study1340
temptc1384
intendc1385
assaila1393
proffera1393
to make meansc1395
search?a1400
fraistc1400
pursuec1400
to go aboutc1405
pretend1482
attempta1513
essay?1515
attend1523
regarda1533
offer1541
frame1545
to stand about1549
to put into (also in) practice1592
prove1612
imitate1626
snap1766
begin1833
make1880
the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > succeed or be a success [verb (intransitive)] > achieve success (of persons) > succeed in doing anything
wina1300
covera1375
gaina1375
to prevail to1474
to make shift of1504
attain1523
obtaina1529
frame1545
procure1559
to finish to1594
succeed1839
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > pretend, dissemble [verb (intransitive)]
letc1000
faitc1330
counterfeitc1374
dissimulec1374
feignc1400
showc1405
supposea1450
fare1483
simule?a1500
dissemble1523
pretend1526
frame1545
cloakc1572
jouk1573
pretent1582
disguisea1586
devise1600
semble1603
coin1607
insimulate1623
fox1646
sham1787
dissimulate1796
gammon1819
to let on1822
simulate1823
possum1832
simulacrize1845
to put on an act1929
to put on (also up) a show1937
prat1967
the mind > mental capacity > expectation > hope > promise, ground of hope > promise, encourage expectation [verb (intransitive)]
to have some show1556
promisea1616
frame1863
to have (something) going for one1948
1545 Bp. S. Gardiner Let. 5 Nov. (1933) 161 My Lord Prynce coulde not be brought to frame to loke upon these embassadours and put forth his hand.
1560 J. Knox Answer Great Nomber Blasphemous Cauillations 142 The Potter [sc. God]..onely breaketh such as will not frame to be good.
1602 2nd Pt. Returne from Pernassus (Arb.) iv. v. 62 Schollers must frame to liue at a low sayle.
1611 Bible (King James) Judges xii. 6 He could not frame to pronounce it right. View more context for this quotation
a1661 W. Brereton Trav. (1844) 119 The masters..not..knowing how to frame to till, and order their land, the ground hath been untilled.
1664 Floddan Field ix. 83 For defence they fiercely frame.
1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 130 Before he could frame to get loose of her.
1845 P. Rodgers Poems 66 Good sense he has, but how he frames To talk of old Olympic Games!
1863 Mrs. Toogood Specim. Yorks. Dial. She frames with the butter, does Mary Ann.
1867 H. Parr Mr. Wynyard's Ward II. 79 ‘I frames to get about, but I'se racked wi' rheumatiz terrible—terrible.’
1876 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Words Whitby ‘She frames at eating a bit’..‘He frames badly at wark.’
1876 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Words Whitby ‘It's framing for wet.’
1887 H. Smart Cleverly Won iv. 31 If..the mare framed well for jumping..he would [etc.].
1888–9 Longman's Mag. 13 442 ‘And when the other maids was back, she was framin' to be asleep, with her cap of rushes on.’
1894 Westm. Gaz. 15 June 5/3 He was just framing to play when a ball..came right through the next net.
1894 Mrs. H. Ward Marcella II. iii. i. 265 He frames well in speaking.
1919 Blackwood's Mag. Jan. 73/1 I was hired..with the prospect of earning 18s. a week, and the possibility of a 2s. rise if I ‘framed well’.
b. transitive (reflexive). English regional (Yorkshire). To get oneself started, to organize oneself; to act or behave with evident urgency or effort. Frequently in imperative.
ΚΠ
1865 W. S. Banks List Provinc. Words Wakefield 25 Fraame, set about doing a thing; also to shew signs of doing it properly. ‘Come fraame thy sen.’
a1904 H. Latham in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1904) V. 661/2 [West Yorkshire] Ah say, tha wants to frame thiself or it's going to be spice-cake an' slow walking.
1924 J. H. Wilkinson Leeds Dial. Gloss. & Lore 114 Fray-am, to frame; to get started doing something. ‘Nah, lad, frayam thi sen.’
2003 New Statesman (Nexis) 12 May When my dad comes down south, he sometimes gives me a jolt by saying to my sons—and indeed sometimes to me—‘Frame yourself!’, meaning ‘Get your act together!’
2013 @YorkshireSpeak 23 May in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) M'allus eerin abart folk faffin wi Twitter so a'thort ad frame missen n'geeronwiyit.
9.
a. transitive. To direct (one's steps, one's course, etc.); to set out on (a pilgrimage, etc.). Also reflexive: to betake oneself, make one's way. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > [verb (reflexive)]
wendeOE
meteOE
drawc1175
flitc1175
do?c1225
kenc1275
teemc1275
movec1300
graitha1325
dightc1330
redec1330
windc1330
yieldc1330
dressa1375
raikc1400
winc1400
pass?a1425
get1492
tirec1540
flitch?1567
frame1576
betake1639
rely1641
the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > state of feeling or mood > be in or assume state of feeling [verb (reflexive)]
frame1576
society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > direct (one's course, steps, etc.) [verb (transitive)]
stretcha1225
turnc1275
ready?a1400
seta1400
incline?c1400
apply?a1425
raika1500
rechec1540
make1548
address1554
frame1576
bend1579
to shape one's course1593
intend1596
tend1611
direct1632
steer1815
society > travel > aspects of travel > departure, leaving, or going away > depart from or leave [verb (transitive)] > set out on (a journey, etc.)
to latch one's ease, one's leave1377
frame1576
the mind > mental capacity > disposition or character > temporary state of mind, mood > be or become in a specific mood [verb]
takec1175
feelc1225
cheerc1425
vein1589
frame1763
1576 A. Fleming tr. Isocrates in Panoplie Epist. 169 Many..men..have framed themselves to my conversation.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. i. sig. Bb7v A stately Castle far away she spyde, To which her steps directly she did frame.
a1594 J. White in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1600) III. 295 We gave over our purpose to water there, and the next day framed our due course for England.
1598 B. Yong tr. J. de Montemayor Diana 61 I frame my selfe to the seruice of some Lord or Gentleman.
1637 T. Heywood Dial. i, in Wks. (1874) VI. 100 Pilgrimage I'l frame Vnto the blessed Maid of Walsinghame.
1763 C. Smart Poems 20 Then let us frame our steps to climb, Beyond the sphere of chance and time.
1875 ‘C. Goldsmith’ Shiftless Folks ii. 26 The romping children in the town..Would frame their steps to match his bold, free stride.
b. intransitive. To shape one's course; to go. In later use chiefly English regional (Yorkshire). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > [verb (intransitive)]
nimeOE
becomec885
teec888
goeOE
i-goc900
lithec900
wendeOE
i-farec950
yongc950
to wend one's streetOE
fare971
i-wende971
shakeOE
winda1000
meteOE
wendOE
strikec1175
seekc1200
wevec1200
drawa1225
stira1225
glidea1275
kenc1275
movec1275
teemc1275
tightc1275
till1297
chevec1300
strake13..
travelc1300
choosec1320
to choose one's gatea1325
journeyc1330
reachc1330
repairc1330
wisec1330
cairc1340
covera1375
dressa1375
passa1375
tenda1375
puta1382
proceedc1392
doa1400
fanda1400
haunta1400
snya1400
take?a1400
thrilla1400
trace?a1400
trinea1400
fangc1400
to make (also have) resortc1425
to make one's repair (to)c1425
resort1429
ayrec1440
havea1450
speer?c1450
rokec1475
wina1500
hent1508
persevere?1521
pursuec1540
rechec1540
yede1563
bing1567
march1568
to go one's ways1581
groyl1582
yode1587
sally1590
track1590
way1596
frame1609
trickle1629
recur1654
wag1684
fadge1694
haul1802
hike1809
to get around1849
riddle1856
bat1867
biff1923
truck1925
1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles i. 32 The beautie of this sinfull Dame, Made many Princes thither frame . View more context for this quotation
1847 E. Brontë Wuthering Heights I. v. 94 Frame up-stairs, and make little din.
1847 E. Brontë Wuthering Heights I. xiii. 309 A threat to set Throttler on me if I did not ‘frame off’, rewarded my perseverance.
1865 B. Brierley Irkdale I. 120 I fraimt up to her and sed.
10.
a. transitive. To set in a frame; to enclose in or as in a frame; to serve as a frame for. Also with in.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > edge, border, or margin > form the edge of [verb (transitive)] > specific
purfle1562
frame1705
fringe1794
lip1845
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > edge, border, or margin > form the edge of [verb (transitive)] > provide with an edge > with or as with a frame
frame1705
enframe-
1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 7 The winding Rocks a spacious Harbour frame.
1735 S.-Carolina Gaz. 13 Sept. 3/2 To be sold by Hutchinson & Grimke at their Store on the Bay,..choice of pictures fram'd & glaz'd.
1842 J. W. Carlyle Lett. I. 138 I have your little Florentine Villa framed and hung up, and I look at it very often for its own beauty and your sake.
1883 R. Gower My Reminisc. I. xiii. 237 The lovely lake, framed in by a background of soft-swelling hills.
1906 J. Galsworthy Man of Prop. 3 His cheeks, thinned by two parallel folds, and a long, clean-shaven lip, were framed within Dundreary whiskers.
1938 E. Bowen Death of Heart iii. ii. 354 The windows framed panoramas of wet trees.
1979 C. Milne Path through Trees II. vi. 157 One might be excused for thinking that framing picture after picture is dull, monotonous work.
1987 L. Goldman Part of Fortune xviii. 78 I looked through my lens and framed it up just right.
2004 S. E. Phillips Ain't she Sweet? i. 2 Thick lashes still framed a pair of amazing clear blue eyes.
b. transitive. Chiefly Literary Criticism and Literary Theory. Of a (section of) narrative: to enclose or introduce (the main narrative or narratives); to act as a frame story for. Cf. frame n. 21.
ΚΠ
1883 H. M. Kennedy tr. B. ten Brink Early Eng. Lit. ii. 179 The Disciplina clericalis, framed by a dialogue between an Arabian philosopher and his son, was rendered in Spain in the year 1106, from Arabian sources.
1952 Jrnl. Amer. Folklore 65 101 The song of the Magi which in the Swedish tradition always reappears as a narrative chorus, framing the dialogues, is in part a borrowing from the Danish type.
1991 Paragraph 14 126 The autobiographical story itself is framed by a prologue, a metatext which extracts from the object narration the moment of avowed finality.
2003 Village Voice (N.Y.) (Nexis) 28 Jan. 53 Carson..further complicates matters by framing his narrative as the grief-addled delusion of an institutionalized man who may or may not be Gilligan.
11. Originally U.S. slang.
a. transitive. To pre-arrange (something), esp. surreptitiously and with sinister intent; to concoct, fabricate; to fake the result of (a contest, etc.). Also: to conspire to have (a crime) falsely pinned on someone. Frequently in to frame up.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > collusion, intrigue > conspire against [verb (transitive)] > manage fraudulently
to frame up1891
to cut up1923
bend1960
1891 R. E. Baker After Taps ii. 34 Dey's got it all framed up to go to der club for dinner.
1903 E. Flower Spoilsmen xiv. 143 Tom thinks he has a little scheme framed up there that will give us a chance to contest the election.
1910 E. A. Walcott Open Door vii. 86 ‘An' then he frames up dis job on me,’ said Jimmy bitterly. ‘Oh, I'm de fall guy, all right’.
1916 Chicago Tribune 27 Apr. ii. 15/8 Well went to Chicago..and deliberately ‘framed’ the accusations against Biddinger to prevent the debonair detective from testifying in person at the coming Charlestown trial.
1923 Everybody's Nov. 149/2 Me and the gorillas got together and framed up the fight. Micky and Martino was to have a three-minute round battle to a finish without the mitts.
1938 I. F. Marcosson Turbulent Years xii. 293 A scheme was framed up that the prisoner should feign insanity.
1967 S. Rabinovich Jews in Soviet Union 12 Despite the absence of evidence the case was framed up and exaggerated with the purpose of obtaining a severe sentence.
2009 A. Gross Don't look Twice lxxi. 272 There was never any scam. They just told you to frame a case around him—isn't that right?
b. transitive. To concoct a false charge or accusation against (a person); to devise a scheme or plot with regard to (someone); to make the victim of a frame-up. Also with up.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > accusation, allegation, or indictment > charge, accuse, or indict [verb (transitive)] > frame
fita1625
job1889
frame1912
bum-rap1947
to stitch up1970
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > collusion, intrigue > conspire against [verb (transitive)] > attempt to implicate
job1889
frame1912
to set up1950
1912 Atlantic (Iowa) News Tel. 21 Aug. 1/7 How Becker ‘framed’ him on the charge of carrying concealed weapons was the gang leader's first chapter.
1926 C. E. Mulford Cassidy's Protégé iv. 40 He had seen honest men framed, and guilty men let off for political reasons.
1940 A. Rochester Why Farmers are Poor vi. 158 In Arkansas the Negro union leaders were framed up and sent to prison for distributing leaflets during the strike.
1956 R. Braddon Nancy Wake vii. 70 If they were prepared to lie about Marseille then obviously they intended to frame her.
2005 Time Out N.Y. 3 Mar. 157/4 After getting framed for egging a car, the poor girl gets stuck with a weekend of community service.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.adj.2c1175adj.1eOEv.eOE
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