| 单词 | formal implication |
| 释义 | > as lemmasformal implication d. Logic. Concerned with the form, as distinguished from the matter, of reasoning. formal concept [translating German formaler begriff] : a concept of logic, free from the descriptive content that would restrict it to any particular subject matter (see quots.); formal implication (see quots.). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > [adjective] > relating to systems or characteristics of habitual1526 material1628 systematic1666 regulative1798 methodological1849 formala1856 grammatical1874 multivalued1934 fuzzy1964 the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > predicate or propositional logic > [noun] > implication logical implication1887 prehensiveness1897 formal implication1903 material implication1903 implication1906 strict implication1912 entailment1933 the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > predicate or propositional logic > [noun] > mathematical or symbolic logic > elements of logical form1840 formal concept1922 a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1860) IV. xxvii. 64 The harmony of thought with the form of thought is..Formal Truth. a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1860) IV. App. 231 The doctrine..which expounds the laws by which our scientific procedure should be governed, in so far as these lie in the forms of thought, or in the conditions of the mind itself..may be called Formal, or Subjective, or Abstract, or Pure Logic. 1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic ii. 42 All this, however, is but the elimination of Formal error. 1870 W. S. Jevons Elem. Lessons Logic vii. 69 It is no part of formal Logic to teach us how to interpret the meanings of sentences. 1903 B. Russell Princ. Math. §15 The relation of formal implication..holds between propositional functions when the one implies the other for all values of the variable. 1922 C. K. Ogden et al. tr. L. Wittgenstein Tractatus 4. 126 In the sense in which we speak of formal properties we can now speak also of formal concepts. (I introduce this expression in order to make clear the confusion of formal concepts with proper concepts which runs through the whole of the old logic.) 1932 C. I. Lewis & C. H. Langford Symbolic Logic 101 The relation of formal implication is transitive, like material implication. 1939 G. Ryle in Mind XLVIII. 149 To use the language of Kant and Wittgenstein, we were trying to treat formal concepts as if they were ‘proper’ or material concepts. 1939 G. Ryle in Mind XLVIII. 151 A formal concept is one which may have a place in a proposition about any subject-matter you please, and some..will be present in any proposition... ‘Not’, ‘exists’, ‘some’, ‘other’,..and many others are not peculiar to any special topics. 1955 A. N. Prior Formal Logic 197 The Russellian ‘formal’ implication is simply universal material implication. 1965 E. J. Lemmon Beginning Logic iv. 154 The term ‘formal implication’ was coined by Russell to describe the universal quantification over a material implication: i.e. a proposition of the form ‘(x) (Fx→Gx)’. < as lemmas |
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