half markn.adj.

Brit.

/ˌhɑːf ˈmɑːk/, U.S.

/ˌhæf ˈmɑrk/, Scottish English /ˌhaf ˈmark/

Forms: see half adj. and mark n.²; also late Old English healfmare (transmission error).

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: half adj., mark n.²

Etymology: < half adj. + mark n.², perhaps originally after early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic hálfmǫrk).In Old English the first element is sometimes treated as a normal adjective inflected for case and number (compare quot. OE¹ at sense A. 1).

Now historical.

A. n.

1. One half of a mark (in various senses of mark n.²). Usually with reference to an English or Scottish measure of weight (see mark n.² 1) or a monetary unit used in accounts (see mark n.² 2).In Old English sometimes with a genitive, specifying the precious metal (as gold) in which a payment is made (cf. quots. OE¹, lOE). It can be uncertain in such cases whether the word represents a measure of weight or a monetary unit.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > standards and values of currencies > [noun] > specific monetary units or units of account > specific English

shillingc900

poundOE

markOE

half-marka1056

Mk.1642

heartsease1665

OE Memorandum of Leofwine's Land Purchase at Mansell (Sawyer 1469) in A. J. Robertson Anglo-Saxon Charters (1956) 186 Mid healfe marce goldes & mid ane punde seolfres.

OE Laws: Norðhymbra Preosta Lagu (Corpus Cambr.) lx. 384 Gif hwa teoðinge forhealde & he sy cyninges þegn, gilde x healfmarc, landagende vi healfmarc.

lOE Laws: Ælfred & Guthrum's Peace (Corpus Cambr.) ii. 126 Ealle we lætað efendyrne Engliscne & Deniscne, to viii healfmearcum [v.r. healfmarcum] asodenes goldes.

c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. vi. l. 134 Hure hefd was worth half mark.

a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1906) ii. 586 (MED) One yerely halfmark beside one other half mark.

1544 Perth Guildry 4 July in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (1983) V. 189/2 Na fre mennis sonis burges and gild brethir in tyme tocum sall pa for thair fredome bot half merk.

1641 J. Whitelocke Argument 22 The custome of the halfe mark for wooll, woolfels, and lether.

1725 J. Stevens Royal Treasury of Eng. Pref. p. ix Payments, or at least Computations, were made by Pounds, by Marks, half Marks, Shillings, Pence, &c. Silver Marks, and half Marks; Ounces, and half Ounces of Gold.

1829 R. Thomson Magna Charta 389 A half mark upon every 300 wool-fells, or undressed sheep-skins.

1891 H. Hall Antiq. & Cur. Exchequer 40 The denominations mark and half-mark, so often met with in old accounts, had no existence either in gold or silver currency.

1995 E. Gemmill & N. Mayhew Changing Values in Medieval Scotl. iv. 111 Scottish medieval prices are almost always cited in money of account, that is so much £ s. d., or marks (13s. 4d.) or half marks.

2. A silver coin of Scotland having the value of half a mark (6s. 8d. Scots), first issued in 1572. Cf. sense B. 1, mark n.² 4b.

ΘΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > Scottish coins > [noun] > silver coins

mark1379

noble1417

yokindale1536

Douglas groat1554

James Royal1567

leg1687

fourteen-shilling piece1695

thirteen-pence-halfpenny piece1723

spurred groata1773

sword dollar1825

1584 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. (1833) I. ii. 134 Certane fals and adultrit mony, viz. half merkis, [etc.].

1695 W. Lowndes Rep. Amendm. Silver Coins 64 A Noble which the Law used to call the Hauf Merk.

1751 Catal. Coins & Medals sold by Mr. Langford, 4th April 6 2 ten shilling pieces 1594, 1599—a five shilling piece 1593—the half mark 1602.

1831 Archaeologia Scotica 3 App. 40 [Donated] By Professor William Hamilton..a Half-mark of King James VI.; three Unites of the same king, of different sizes.

1953 J. H. M. Craig Mint viii. 133 The coin of his northern kingdom consisted of..silver marks for 13s. and 4d. Scots, half-marks, forty-pence and twenty-pence pieces.

2006 N. Holmes Sc. Coins Nat. Museums Scotl. I. 14 The half merks are dated 1591–3, but the quarters are known only of 1591.

B. adj.

1. Chiefly Scottish. Designating a coin worth half a mark. In early use usually with reference to the Scottish silver coin of this value (see sense A. 2).

?1570–1 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1898) 1st Ser. XIV. 89 Ane silver penny..to be callit the merk peice, and the half of the same for vj s. viij d., to be callit the halff merk peice.

1615 Edinb. Test. XLVIII. 275 in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Stek(e Of reddie money fourtie aucht auld halff merk steikis.

1782 W. Smellie Acct. Soc. Antiquaries Scotl. 47 The half merk piece of King Charles II. dated 1670.

1845 J. Lindsay View Coinage Scotl. 63 The four mark, two mark, mark, and half mark pieces.

1923 Numismatist Nov. 521 A half-mark coin issued by the Board of Trade of Oldenburg has a wild boar hunting scene depicted thereon.

1999 P. D. van Wie Image, Hist., & Politics ii. 32 Only the small half-mark pieces, important in everyday transactions, continued to be produced.

2. Scottish. Designating a non-canonical, irregular, or secret marriage, esp. one carried out in the Scottish Borders; (also) designating a church or chapel in which such a marriage is conducted. Now rare.Apparently so called because the standard fee for conducting such a marriage was half a mark.

ΘΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > wedding or nuptials > [adjective] > types of wedding

civila1602

runaway1720

coemptive1875

confarreate1880

farreate1880

1663 J. Lamont Diary July (1830) 164 Went away..to the Border, to be maried at the Half marke church, (as it is commonlie named).

1690 Acct. Sufferings Church Scotl. 7 The honest Priests for a little Spell of Money, never refuse..to couple Whores and Rogues together, which are there called half-Mark-Marriages.

1726 A. Ramsay Tea-table Misc. II. 139 Since ye are content to tye The Haff-mark Bridal Band wi' me.

1816 W. Scott Antiquary III. x. 218 I mind weel enough they made as muckle wark about her making a half-merk marriage wi' Simon Mucklebackit..as if she had been ane o' the gentry.

1885 D. Beveridge Culross & Tulliallan II. 139 About the beginning of the present century a favourite half-mark chapel was that in Paul's Work, Edinburgh.

1933 N. B. Morrison Gowk Storm 229 We will simply require to take each other for husband and wife, by word of mouth, before witnesses... They call it a half-mark or an irregular marriage.

Compounds

half-mark land n. Scottish a piece of land having an annual rental value of half a mark; cf. markland n.

1499 Charter in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Mark-, Merkland, n.¹ Wyth the medow of Lothnair and the half markland of the milnland.

1509 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 277/1 His hienes sal than geyf the samyn half merk land to the sade Johne..heretably.

1633 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1633/6/129 The half merk land of Innerymeren.

1671 in Samsons Riddle (?1678) 139 The half Merk-land of Coalheughglen, and the tuentie Shilling Land of Kershead.

1861 C. Innes Sketches Early Sc. Hist. iii. 384 A lease of a half-merk land of Port Loch Tay, with steelbow and ‘bonage’, according to custom.

1960 Proc. Royal Irish Acad. 1959–60 C. 60 182 The ‘Markland’ denomination would..result in the alteration of farm boundaries to produce ‘Mark-’ and ‘Half-mark-lands.’

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2022).

单词	half mark
释义	half markn.adj. Brit. /ˌhɑːf ˈmɑːk/, U.S. /ˌhæf ˈmɑrk/, Scottish English /ˌhaf ˈmark/ Forms: see half adj. and mark n.²; also late Old English healfmare (transmission error). Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: half adj., mark n.² Etymology: < half adj. + mark n.², perhaps originally after early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic hálfmǫrk).In Old English the first element is sometimes treated as a normal adjective inflected for case and number (compare quot. OE¹ at sense A. 1). Now historical. A. n. 1. One half of a mark (in various senses of mark n.²). Usually with reference to an English or Scottish measure of weight (see mark n.² 1) or a monetary unit used in accounts (see mark n.² 2).In Old English sometimes with a genitive, specifying the precious metal (as gold) in which a payment is made (cf. quots. OE¹, lOE). It can be uncertain in such cases whether the word represents a measure of weight or a monetary unit. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > standards and values of currencies > [noun] > specific monetary units or units of account > specific English shillingc900 poundOE markOE half-marka1056 Mk.1642 heartsease1665 OE Memorandum of Leofwine's Land Purchase at Mansell (Sawyer 1469) in A. J. Robertson Anglo-Saxon Charters (1956) 186 Mid healfe marce goldes & mid ane punde seolfres. OE Laws: Norðhymbra Preosta Lagu (Corpus Cambr.) lx. 384 Gif hwa teoðinge forhealde & he sy cyninges þegn, gilde x healfmarc, landagende vi healfmarc. lOE Laws: Ælfred & Guthrum's Peace (Corpus Cambr.) ii. 126 Ealle we lætað efendyrne Engliscne & Deniscne, to viii healfmearcum [v.r. healfmarcum] asodenes goldes. c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. vi. l. 134 Hure hefd was worth half mark. a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1906) ii. 586 (MED) One yerely halfmark beside one other half mark. 1544 Perth Guildry 4 July in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (1983) V. 189/2 Na fre mennis sonis burges and gild brethir in tyme tocum sall pa for thair fredome bot half merk. 1641 J. Whitelocke Argument 22 The custome of the halfe mark for wooll, woolfels, and lether. 1725 J. Stevens Royal Treasury of Eng. Pref. p. ix Payments, or at least Computations, were made by Pounds, by Marks, half Marks, Shillings, Pence, &c. Silver Marks, and half Marks; Ounces, and half Ounces of Gold. 1829 R. Thomson Magna Charta 389 A half mark upon every 300 wool-fells, or undressed sheep-skins. 1891 H. Hall Antiq. & Cur. Exchequer 40 The denominations mark and half-mark, so often met with in old accounts, had no existence either in gold or silver currency. 1995 E. Gemmill & N. Mayhew Changing Values in Medieval Scotl. iv. 111 Scottish medieval prices are almost always cited in money of account, that is so much £ s. d., or marks (13s. 4d.) or half marks. 2. A silver coin of Scotland having the value of half a mark (6s. 8d. Scots), first issued in 1572. Cf. sense B. 1, mark n.² 4b. ΘΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > Scottish coins > [noun] > silver coins mark1379 noble1417 yokindale1536 Douglas groat1554 James Royal1567 leg1687 fourteen-shilling piece1695 thirteen-pence-halfpenny piece1723 spurred groata1773 sword dollar1825 1584 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. (1833) I. ii. 134 Certane fals and adultrit mony, viz. half merkis, [etc.]. 1695 W. Lowndes Rep. Amendm. Silver Coins 64 A Noble which the Law used to call the Hauf Merk. 1751 Catal. Coins & Medals sold by Mr. Langford, 4th April 6 2 ten shilling pieces 1594, 1599—a five shilling piece 1593—the half mark 1602. 1831 Archaeologia Scotica 3 App. 40 [Donated] By Professor William Hamilton..a Half-mark of King James VI.; three Unites of the same king, of different sizes. 1953 J. H. M. Craig Mint viii. 133 The coin of his northern kingdom consisted of..silver marks for 13s. and 4d. Scots, half-marks, forty-pence and twenty-pence pieces. 2006 N. Holmes Sc. Coins Nat. Museums Scotl. I. 14 The half merks are dated 1591–3, but the quarters are known only of 1591. B. adj. 1. Chiefly Scottish. Designating a coin worth half a mark. In early use usually with reference to the Scottish silver coin of this value (see sense A. 2). Π ?1570–1 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1898) 1st Ser. XIV. 89 Ane silver penny..to be callit the merk peice, and the half of the same for vj s. viij d., to be callit the halff merk peice. 1615 Edinb. Test. XLVIII. 275 in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Stek(e Of reddie money fourtie aucht auld halff merk steikis. 1782 W. Smellie Acct. Soc. Antiquaries Scotl. 47 The half merk piece of King Charles II. dated 1670. 1845 J. Lindsay View Coinage Scotl. 63 The four mark, two mark, mark, and half mark pieces. 1923 Numismatist Nov. 521 A half-mark coin issued by the Board of Trade of Oldenburg has a wild boar hunting scene depicted thereon. 1999 P. D. van Wie Image, Hist., & Politics ii. 32 Only the small half-mark pieces, important in everyday transactions, continued to be produced. 2. Scottish. Designating a non-canonical, irregular, or secret marriage, esp. one carried out in the Scottish Borders; (also) designating a church or chapel in which such a marriage is conducted. Now rare.Apparently so called because the standard fee for conducting such a marriage was half a mark. ΘΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > wedding or nuptials > [adjective] > types of wedding civila1602 runaway1720 coemptive1875 confarreate1880 farreate1880 1663 J. Lamont Diary July (1830) 164 Went away..to the Border, to be maried at the Half marke church, (as it is commonlie named). 1690 Acct. Sufferings Church Scotl. 7 The honest Priests for a little Spell of Money, never refuse..to couple Whores and Rogues together, which are there called half-Mark-Marriages. 1726 A. Ramsay Tea-table Misc. II. 139 Since ye are content to tye The Haff-mark Bridal Band wi' me. 1816 W. Scott Antiquary III. x. 218 I mind weel enough they made as muckle wark about her making a half-merk marriage wi' Simon Mucklebackit..as if she had been ane o' the gentry. 1885 D. Beveridge Culross & Tulliallan II. 139 About the beginning of the present century a favourite half-mark chapel was that in Paul's Work, Edinburgh. 1933 N. B. Morrison Gowk Storm 229 We will simply require to take each other for husband and wife, by word of mouth, before witnesses... They call it a half-mark or an irregular marriage. Compounds half-mark land n. Scottish a piece of land having an annual rental value of half a mark; cf. markland n. Π 1499 Charter in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Mark-, Merkland, n.¹ Wyth the medow of Lothnair and the half markland of the milnland. 1509 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 277/1 His hienes sal than geyf the samyn half merk land to the sade Johne..heretably. 1633 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1633/6/129 The half merk land of Innerymeren. 1671 in Samsons Riddle (?1678) 139 The half Merk-land of Coalheughglen, and the tuentie Shilling Land of Kershead. 1861 C. Innes Sketches Early Sc. Hist. iii. 384 A lease of a half-merk land of Port Loch Tay, with steelbow and ‘bonage’, according to custom. 1960 Proc. Royal Irish Acad. 1959–60 C. 60 182 The ‘Markland’ denomination would..result in the alteration of farm boundaries to produce ‘Mark-’ and ‘Half-mark-lands.’ This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2022). < n.adj.OE
随便看	groined vault groiner groinery groining groiningly groinings groinpoint groinrib groins groinvault groise groiser groising grok grokked grokking groks grolier grolier club grolieresque groll grollery grolling grollish grom