释义 |
† filstn.Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Frisian fulleste , fulste , Old Saxon fullēsti , strong masculine or neuter, fullust , strong feminine (Middle Low German vullēst , volleist , vulst ), Old High German folleist , follist , follust (Middle High German volleist , masculine, volleiste , feminine), ultimately < the Germanic base of full adj. + the Germanic base of last v.1 (see note; with the second element, compare (prefixed) Old English gelāst : see lastful adj.). Compare filst v.Derivation. There is some dispute whether the Germanic noun is derived from the Germanic verb or vice versa; the priority of the verb is often assumed (despite the difficulty of explaining the stress on the intensive prefix, the regular pattern for nouns but not verbs). See discussion at filst v. Inflection in Old English. In Old English apparently usually inflecting as a strong masculine (in the β. forms), but occasionally (in the α. forms) as a strong feminine. Form history. The rare α. forms, attested once in Old English verse and once in a prose text showing Mercian influence, apparently preserve the stem vowel of the second element (ǣ < ā by i-mutation) in a reduced form (compare α. forms at filst v. and discussion at that entry). The β. forms show early loss of the stem vowel of the second element and i-mutation of the stem vowel of the first element (probably the result of inherited inflection as an i -stem, but compare also β. forms at filst v.). The early Middle English form fulht at β. forms shows an inverse spelling reflecting Anglo-Norman scribal practice, based ultimately on the Old French sound change of -st to -ht . In Old English the prefixed form gefylst (compare y- prefix) is also attested. Compounds. With the compound filst-ale, compare filsting n. as first element in compounds with reference to special or supplementary payments. Earlier currency of filst-ale is implied by post-classical Latin filstalis (c1182; < English). Compare also the following example, apparently showing a form of an otherwise unattested genitive compound filsening's ale in the same sense (with the first element a derivative of filsen v.):?a1325 ( in H. T. Riley Munimenta Gildhallæ Londoniensis (1860) II. 351 De parvis ballivis quibuscunque facientibus cervisiam quae vocatur Felesonunshale, quandoque Scotale, ut extorqueant pecuniam a sequentibus Hundredorum et eorum subditis. Obsolete. the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > promotion or help forward > [noun] eOE (partly from transcript of damaged MS) (2009) xxiii. 9 We sculon ðeah gita mid Godes fylste..ðinne ingeðonc betan. OE 555 Micel is þeos menigeo, mægenwisa trum, fullesta mæst, se ðas fare lædeð. OE Ælfric Homily: De Duodecim Abusivis (Corpus Cambr. 178) in R. Morris (1868) 1st Ser. 301 He nane mihte habban ne mæg to rihte butan godes fylste [a1225 Lamb. fulste]. c1225 (?c1200) (Bodl.) (1940) 213 Hire forme fulst is sihðe. a1250 Lofsong Louerde in R. Morris (1868) 1st Ser. 213 Þu hauest binume me fulst of monne. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon (Calig.) (1963) l. 875 Þa Corineus of wode com..Brutun to fulste. Compounds a1300–1400 (a1268) H. Bracton (1922) II. 332 (MED) De ballivis qui faciunt cervisias suas quas quandoque vocant Scotale, quandoque Filastale [v.rr. Filctale, Filecale] ut pecuniam extorqueant ab eis qui sequuntur hundreda sua et ballivas suas [Of the bailiffs who hold their ales, which they sometimes call ‘Scotales’ and sometimes ‘Filst-ales’, in order to exact money from those who owe obedience to their hundred or bailiwick]. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † filstv.Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Saxon fullēstian (also in prefixed form gifullēstian ; Middle Low German vullēsten , (usually) vulsten ), Old High German folleisten , follisten (Middle High German volleisten ) < the Germanic base of full adj. + the Germanic base of last v.1Derivation. Development in the individual Germanic languages (especially in Old English), as with filst n., frequently presupposes main stress on the first element, with increasing phonological reduction and semantic opacity of the second element, both for the verb and the noun, indicative of the age of the compound formation. Compare discussion at filst n. Form history. In Old English a weak verb of Class I. The α. forms, attested chiefly in Old English verse (once in Northumbrian prose), apparently preserve the stem vowel of the second element (ǣ < ā by i-mutation); their predominance in verse may suggest that they represent relic forms (rather than re-formations). The β. forms show early loss of the stem vowel of the second element and i-mutation of the stem vowel u of the first element (caused by the j of the verbal suffix). In Old English the prefixed forms gefullǣstan , gefylstan are also attested (compare y- prefix); compare also andfylstan (rare) to help (compare and- prefix). Obsolete. the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > aid, help, or assist [verb (transitive)] the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > help someone [verb (reflexive)] eOE tr. Orosius (BL Add.) (1980) iii. xi. 82 Pirrus him for þam swiþost fylste, þa [read þe] he him selfum facade Mæcedonia anweald. OE (2008) 2668 Scealt nu dædum rof, æðeling anhydig, ealle mægene feorh ealgian; ic ðe fullæstu. OE (Corpus Cambr.) v. 7 Hig bicnodon hyra geferan..þæt hi comun & him fylston [c1200 Hatton felsten]. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris (1873) 2nd Ser. 29 Þese two þe ben leihter and lust uulsteð þe þridde þat is þe flesliche lust. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris (1873) 2nd Ser. 193 Man..deleð him fro gode and fulsteð him to ðe deuel. a1275 (?c1200) (Trin. Cambr.) (1955) 130 Þe bet sal þe filsten to don al þine wille. c1275 (?c1250) (Calig.) (1935) l. 889 (MED) Þan gode ich fulste to longinge..An þan sunfulle ich helpe alswo. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online September 2021). < n.eOE v.eOE |