entrainn.

Brit.

/ɒnˈtran/, U.S.

/ɑnˈtræn/

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French entrain.

Etymology: < French entrain (1817), either < entraîner entrain v.¹ in its specific sense ‘to make (a person) enthusiastic’ (17th cent.), or < en train (in être en train to be happy, to be well-disposed (1630)) < en in + train movement, way of life (see train n.²). N.E.D. (1891) gives only the non-naturalized pronunciation (aṅtræṅ) /ɑ̃træ̃/.

Now somewhat rare.

Enthusiasm, liveliness; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > zeal or enthusiasm > [noun]

jealoustea1382

yeverousheada1400

zeala1413

zealc1425

jealousy1436

eagernessc1450

heartinessc1475

estudy1483

fierceness1533

zealousnessc1555

zealousyc1565

edge1591

warmth1600

empressement1709

enthusiasm1717

entrain1847

impressment1854

fanaticism1855

keenness1875

1847 F. A. Kemble Year of Consol. II. 60 The greater number of reasonable people attributed the want of entrain and dullness of the whole thing to the presence of Monsignore ——.

1888 Mrs. H. Ward Robert Elsmere III. v. xxxi. 12 The instruments dashed into the opening allegro with..an entrain that took the room by storm.

1919 J. C. Snaith Love Lane xxiii. 117 Corporal Hollis could not be expected to display the entrain of a sergeant of the Black Watch.

1964 Financial Times 14 Oct. 22/1 The performances were alive. Led by Alfred Loewenguth, a player of splendid entrain.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

entrainv.¹

Brit.

/ᵻnˈtreɪn/,

/ɛnˈtreɪn/, U.S.

/ᵻnˈtreɪn/,

/ɛnˈtreɪn/

Forms:

α. 1500s–1600s entraine, 1600s– entrain.

β. 1500s–1600s intraine, 1600s intrain, 1600s intrayn.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French entraîner.

Etymology: < Middle French, French entraîner to drag (a person or thing) after oneself by force (14th cent.; 12th cent. in Old French as phrase en traiiner ) < en from there, away (9th cent. as ent ; < classical Latin inde from there) + traîner train v.¹With the later semantic development compare entrainment n.¹ With the β. forms compare in- prefix³.

1. transitive. To cause (a person or thing) to follow or attend; to induce or bring about as a consequence. Somewhat literary and rare in later use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > move towards or approach (a thing, place, or person) [verb (transitive)] > bring near > lead towards

redress1477

entrain1568

the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (transitive)] > pull > along a surface or behind

drawOE

harry1340

traila1380

traina1500

lag1530

strakec1530

entrain1568

drail1598

lurry1664

toboggan1886

schlep1911

1568 T. Howell Arbor of Amitie f. 11^v Thou must doe well, Faith true obtaine: Wit none repell, Friend deere entraine.

1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. iii. v. 505 Yeares entraine me if they please; but backward.

1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iii. 123 Still faining so, Till (politike) he hath in-trayn'd the Foe Right to his Ambush.

1657 R. Tomlinson Ep. Ded. in R. Tomlinson tr. J. de Renou Pharmaceut. Shop i, in Medicinal Dispensatory sig. Nnn2^v You..entrain Humility and Integrity for your Retainers.

1697 J. Vanbrugh Æsop ii. 20 The stomach..with it's Destiny entrain'd their Fate.

1763 ‘Mr. L’ Reason opposed to Pop. Errors ii. 34 The imagination is the true seat of Imagery; a fundamental Error, entraining many others after it.

1835 E. Bulwer-Lytton Rienzi II. iv. ii. 111 Thou wert entrained to the slaughter.

1853 M. Reid Osceola the Seminole xxxvii. 198 Entrained in the crowd, our garments touched.

1939 H. Miller Tropic of Capricorn 18 Unlike other bosses I entrained only my own ruin, my own bankruptcy.

2011 R. Trivers Folly of Fools 257 This war will surely be taught as a textbook case of a colossal military blunder entrained by deceit and self-deception.

a. transitive. Of a fluid (esp. steam) or current: to draw (a substance, particles, etc.) into itself and carry along or away by its flow.

ΚΠ

1854 Jrnl. Franklin Inst. 58 262 The steam..entrains and carries out with it a large amount of solid water in a finely divided state.

1881 H. A. Gouge in Jrnl. Franklin Inst. (1882) 113 314 Entraining..through precisely adjusted orifices, copious current of air.

1930 Engineering 14 Feb. 213/1 Resulting in further steam being entrained in the jet.

1958 New Scientist 7 Aug. 573/1 There are actual droplets of liquid boiler water which have been carried out of the boiler, or entrained, by the steam.

2012 G. Constantinescu in W. Rodi & M. Uhlmann Environmental Fluid Mech. xxi. 371 The structure of the current, its front velocity, and its capacity to entrain sediment from the loose bed over which it propagates may change considerably.

b. transitive. Of a substance: to absorb or entrap (another substance). Also: (of a substance, process, etc.): to cause a substance to absorb or entrap (another substance).Frequently with reference to the entrapment of air-bubbles in concrete.

ΚΠ

1918 G. A. Hoole & N. C. Johnson Concrete Engineers' Handbk. ii. 75 The customary mixing and depositing processes entrain quantities of air.

1937 Industr. & Engin. Chem. 29 1439/1 The addition of calcium chloride will convert the soap to insoluble calcium soaps which will entrain all of the emulsified oil to give it a clear and colorless effluent.

1958 New Scientist 6 Nov. 1208/2 They [sc. dry concrete mixes] are difficult to work with and tend to entrain air.

2014 K. W. Day et al. Concrete Mix Design, Quality Control & Specif, (ed. 4) iii. 53 Another problem encountered has been of sands that automatically entrain air due to natural lignin.

2016 G. R. List in H. T. Stalker & R. F. Wilson Peanuts xv. 409 The breakdown products of phospholipids tend to entrain neutral oil in the soap stock.

c. transitive. Meteorology. Of a cloud or turbulent air flow: to draw and mix (surrounding air) into itself.

ΚΠ

1947 Jrnl. Meteorol. 4 92/1 Outside air is entrained and mixed with the cloud.

1980 Boundary-layer Meteorol. 19 175 A buoyant puff entrains ambient air and grows until its turbulence is completely dissipated.

2004 M. Satoh Atmospheric Circulation Dynamics & Circulation Models xv. 409 Each cumulus cloud entrains the environmental air during its ascent.

3. transitive. To drive (an oscillation or rhythmic phenomenon or process) into synchrony with another; to impose a particular period or frequency on (a periodic phenomenon or process). Also intransitive: to undergo such synchronization. Cf. entrainment n.¹ 3.

ΚΠ

1957 V. G. Bruce & C. S. Pittendrigh in Amer. Naturalist 91 190 Pilobolus.., Oedogonium.., and Euglena..have been entrained to cycles of period length different from 24 hours using light and dark cycles.

1959 C. S. Pittendrigh & V. G. Bruce in R. B. Withrow Photoperiodism 503 When, however, the A oscillator is entrained by the light regime to a 32-hr period, it is able, once again, to entrain the long- period B oscillations and thus establish the essential synchrony of cell processes.

1981 R. N. Hardy Endocrine Physiol. ix. 133 The source of the rhythm appears to be in the suprachiasmic nucleus of the hypothalamus and is entrained to the dark/light cycle.

1988 J. D. Barrow & F. J. Tipler Anthropic Cosmol. Princ. (rev. ed.) v. 309 Most planets in the solar system have an angular velocity that lies within an order of magnitude of that required for centrifugal break-up (the others are tidally entrained to a close companion).

1991 Health & Fitness Jan. 48/1 By generating pulses at certain frequencies it is designed to ‘entrain’ brain waves to the same frequency.

2001 New Scientist 4 Aug. 34/1 Most people prefer fairly simple rhythms, because they are easy to entrain to.

2014 J. Al-Khalili & J. McFadden Life on Edge vi. 174 It [sc. the monarch butterfly] must also have a body clock that, like our own, is similarly automatically entrained by light, to compensate for the changing times of sunrise and sunset during its long migration.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

entrainv.²

Brit.

/ᵻnˈtreɪn/,

/ɛnˈtreɪn/, U.S.

/ᵻnˈtreɪn/,

/ɛnˈtreɪn/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: en- prefix¹, train n.²

Etymology: < en- prefix¹ + train n.² Compare detrain v.²

1. intransitive. Originally Military. To board a train.In military contexts now chiefly historical. Somewhat literary outside of military contexts.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > [verb (intransitive)] > board a train

to get aboarda1616

entrain1878

1878 E. B. Hamley Operations of War i. iii. 23 A battalion of infantry standing ready at the station, and properly practised, entrains in a few minutes.

1890 Daily News 8 Apr. 3/3 The troops should be back..in sufficient time to..entrain for London.

1914 R. Brooke Let. Oct. in Coll. Poems (1918) p. cxxx We stole away from the trenches..and finally entrained in the last train left.

1938 W. H. Auden & C. Isherwood On Frontier ii. i. 68 The clerk entraining for the office.

1992 Guardian 3 Jan. 15/6 The press party had entrained at dawn, ahead of the team, for Jamshedpur.

2017 D. Stenger Panzers East & West 108/2 During the night of 12–13 June [1944], the division received orders to entrain immediately.

2. transitive. Originally and chiefly Military. To put (esp. troops or supplies) on board a railway train. Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > [verb (transitive)] > put into a train

to get aboard1577

entrain1878

society > armed hostility > military organization > logistics > practise logistics [verb (transitive)] > transport

shapec1330

entrain1878

airlift1948

1878 E. B. Hamley Operations of War i. iii. 23 Such a platform is sufficient for entraining a squadron of cavalry on war footing, and more than sufficient for an infantry or artillery train.

1882 Maj.-Gen. A. Alison in Standard 7 Aug. 5/7 The guns and troops were quietly entrained at the Mellaha Junction.

1905 Japan Weekly Mail 18 Mar. 292/3 The choice lies thus between abandoning them [sc. the wounded] to the Japanese or entraining them for Harbin.

1918 Outing May 112/2 Our trail when completed took us..south-westward to Shandaken, where we could entrain ourselves.

2016 Irish News (Nexis) 14 Mar. 19 Those support troops sent by the British PM to Dublin were probably entrained at the old GNR in Great Victoria Street in Belfast.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.1847

v.¹1568

v.²1878

单词	entrain
释义	entrainn. Brit. /ɒnˈtran/, U.S. /ɑnˈtræn/ Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French entrain. Etymology: < French entrain (1817), either < entraîner entrain v.¹ in its specific sense ‘to make (a person) enthusiastic’ (17th cent.), or < en train (in être en train to be happy, to be well-disposed (1630)) < en in + train movement, way of life (see train n.²). N.E.D. (1891) gives only the non-naturalized pronunciation (aṅtræṅ) /ɑ̃træ̃/. Now somewhat rare. Enthusiasm, liveliness; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > zeal or enthusiasm > [noun] jealoustea1382 yeverousheada1400 zeala1413 zealc1425 jealousy1436 eagernessc1450 heartinessc1475 estudy1483 fierceness1533 zealousnessc1555 zealousyc1565 edge1591 warmth1600 empressement1709 enthusiasm1717 entrain1847 impressment1854 fanaticism1855 keenness1875 1847 F. A. Kemble Year of Consol. II. 60 The greater number of reasonable people attributed the want of entrain and dullness of the whole thing to the presence of Monsignore ——. 1888 Mrs. H. Ward Robert Elsmere III. v. xxxi. 12 The instruments dashed into the opening allegro with..an entrain that took the room by storm. 1919 J. C. Snaith Love Lane xxiii. 117 Corporal Hollis could not be expected to display the entrain of a sergeant of the Black Watch. 1964 Financial Times 14 Oct. 22/1 The performances were alive. Led by Alfred Loewenguth, a player of splendid entrain. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). entrainv.¹ Brit. /ᵻnˈtreɪn/, /ɛnˈtreɪn/, U.S. /ᵻnˈtreɪn/, /ɛnˈtreɪn/ Forms: α. 1500s–1600s entraine, 1600s– entrain. β. 1500s–1600s intraine, 1600s intrain, 1600s intrayn. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French entraîner. Etymology: < Middle French, French entraîner to drag (a person or thing) after oneself by force (14th cent.; 12th cent. in Old French as phrase en traiiner ) < en from there, away (9th cent. as ent ; < classical Latin inde from there) + traîner train v.¹With the later semantic development compare entrainment n.¹ With the β. forms compare in- prefix³. 1. transitive. To cause (a person or thing) to follow or attend; to induce or bring about as a consequence. Somewhat literary and rare in later use. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > move towards or approach (a thing, place, or person) [verb (transitive)] > bring near > lead towards redress1477 entrain1568 the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > push and pull [verb (transitive)] > pull > along a surface or behind drawOE harry1340 traila1380 traina1500 lag1530 strakec1530 entrain1568 drail1598 lurry1664 toboggan1886 schlep1911 1568 T. Howell Arbor of Amitie f. 11^v Thou must doe well, Faith true obtaine: Wit none repell, Friend deere entraine. 1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. iii. v. 505 Yeares entraine me if they please; but backward. 1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iii. 123 Still faining so, Till (politike) he hath in-trayn'd the Foe Right to his Ambush. 1657 R. Tomlinson Ep. Ded. in R. Tomlinson tr. J. de Renou Pharmaceut. Shop i, in Medicinal Dispensatory sig. Nnn2^v You..entrain Humility and Integrity for your Retainers. 1697 J. Vanbrugh Æsop ii. 20 The stomach..with it's Destiny entrain'd their Fate. 1763 ‘Mr. L’ Reason opposed to Pop. Errors ii. 34 The imagination is the true seat of Imagery; a fundamental Error, entraining many others after it. 1835 E. Bulwer-Lytton Rienzi II. iv. ii. 111 Thou wert entrained to the slaughter. 1853 M. Reid Osceola the Seminole xxxvii. 198 Entrained in the crowd, our garments touched. 1939 H. Miller Tropic of Capricorn 18 Unlike other bosses I entrained only my own ruin, my own bankruptcy. 2011 R. Trivers Folly of Fools 257 This war will surely be taught as a textbook case of a colossal military blunder entrained by deceit and self-deception. 2. a. transitive. Of a fluid (esp. steam) or current: to draw (a substance, particles, etc.) into itself and carry along or away by its flow. ΚΠ 1854 Jrnl. Franklin Inst. 58 262 The steam..entrains and carries out with it a large amount of solid water in a finely divided state. 1881 H. A. Gouge in Jrnl. Franklin Inst. (1882) 113 314 Entraining..through precisely adjusted orifices, copious current of air. 1930 Engineering 14 Feb. 213/1 Resulting in further steam being entrained in the jet. 1958 New Scientist 7 Aug. 573/1 There are actual droplets of liquid boiler water which have been carried out of the boiler, or entrained, by the steam. 2012 G. Constantinescu in W. Rodi & M. Uhlmann Environmental Fluid Mech. xxi. 371 The structure of the current, its front velocity, and its capacity to entrain sediment from the loose bed over which it propagates may change considerably. b. transitive. Of a substance: to absorb or entrap (another substance). Also: (of a substance, process, etc.): to cause a substance to absorb or entrap (another substance).Frequently with reference to the entrapment of air-bubbles in concrete. ΚΠ 1918 G. A. Hoole & N. C. Johnson Concrete Engineers' Handbk. ii. 75 The customary mixing and depositing processes entrain quantities of air. 1937 Industr. & Engin. Chem. 29 1439/1 The addition of calcium chloride will convert the soap to insoluble calcium soaps which will entrain all of the emulsified oil to give it a clear and colorless effluent. 1958 New Scientist 6 Nov. 1208/2 They [sc. dry concrete mixes] are difficult to work with and tend to entrain air. 2014 K. W. Day et al. Concrete Mix Design, Quality Control & Specif, (ed. 4) iii. 53 Another problem encountered has been of sands that automatically entrain air due to natural lignin. 2016 G. R. List in H. T. Stalker & R. F. Wilson Peanuts xv. 409 The breakdown products of phospholipids tend to entrain neutral oil in the soap stock. c. transitive. Meteorology. Of a cloud or turbulent air flow: to draw and mix (surrounding air) into itself. ΚΠ 1947 Jrnl. Meteorol. 4 92/1 Outside air is entrained and mixed with the cloud. 1980 Boundary-layer Meteorol. 19 175 A buoyant puff entrains ambient air and grows until its turbulence is completely dissipated. 2004 M. Satoh Atmospheric Circulation Dynamics & Circulation Models xv. 409 Each cumulus cloud entrains the environmental air during its ascent. 3. transitive. To drive (an oscillation or rhythmic phenomenon or process) into synchrony with another; to impose a particular period or frequency on (a periodic phenomenon or process). Also intransitive: to undergo such synchronization. Cf. entrainment n.¹ 3. ΚΠ 1957 V. G. Bruce & C. S. Pittendrigh in Amer. Naturalist 91 190 Pilobolus.., Oedogonium.., and Euglena..have been entrained to cycles of period length different from 24 hours using light and dark cycles. 1959 C. S. Pittendrigh & V. G. Bruce in R. B. Withrow Photoperiodism 503 When, however, the A oscillator is entrained by the light regime to a 32-hr period, it is able, once again, to entrain the long- period B oscillations and thus establish the essential synchrony of cell processes. 1981 R. N. Hardy Endocrine Physiol. ix. 133 The source of the rhythm appears to be in the suprachiasmic nucleus of the hypothalamus and is entrained to the dark/light cycle. 1988 J. D. Barrow & F. J. Tipler Anthropic Cosmol. Princ. (rev. ed.) v. 309 Most planets in the solar system have an angular velocity that lies within an order of magnitude of that required for centrifugal break-up (the others are tidally entrained to a close companion). 1991 Health & Fitness Jan. 48/1 By generating pulses at certain frequencies it is designed to ‘entrain’ brain waves to the same frequency. 2001 New Scientist 4 Aug. 34/1 Most people prefer fairly simple rhythms, because they are easy to entrain to. 2014 J. Al-Khalili & J. McFadden Life on Edge vi. 174 It [sc. the monarch butterfly] must also have a body clock that, like our own, is similarly automatically entrained by light, to compensate for the changing times of sunrise and sunset during its long migration. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). entrainv.² Brit. /ᵻnˈtreɪn/, /ɛnˈtreɪn/, U.S. /ᵻnˈtreɪn/, /ɛnˈtreɪn/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: en- prefix¹, train n.² Etymology: < en- prefix¹ + train n.² Compare detrain v.² 1. intransitive. Originally Military. To board a train.In military contexts now chiefly historical. Somewhat literary outside of military contexts. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > [verb (intransitive)] > board a train to get aboarda1616 entrain1878 1878 E. B. Hamley Operations of War i. iii. 23 A battalion of infantry standing ready at the station, and properly practised, entrains in a few minutes. 1890 Daily News 8 Apr. 3/3 The troops should be back..in sufficient time to..entrain for London. 1914 R. Brooke Let. Oct. in Coll. Poems (1918) p. cxxx We stole away from the trenches..and finally entrained in the last train left. 1938 W. H. Auden & C. Isherwood On Frontier ii. i. 68 The clerk entraining for the office. 1992 Guardian 3 Jan. 15/6 The press party had entrained at dawn, ahead of the team, for Jamshedpur. 2017 D. Stenger Panzers East & West 108/2 During the night of 12–13 June [1944], the division received orders to entrain immediately. 2. transitive. Originally and chiefly Military. To put (esp. troops or supplies) on board a railway train. Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > [verb (transitive)] > put into a train to get aboard1577 entrain1878 society > armed hostility > military organization > logistics > practise logistics [verb (transitive)] > transport shapec1330 entrain1878 airlift1948 1878 E. B. Hamley Operations of War i. iii. 23 Such a platform is sufficient for entraining a squadron of cavalry on war footing, and more than sufficient for an infantry or artillery train. 1882 Maj.-Gen. A. Alison in Standard 7 Aug. 5/7 The guns and troops were quietly entrained at the Mellaha Junction. 1905 Japan Weekly Mail 18 Mar. 292/3 The choice lies thus between abandoning them [sc. the wounded] to the Japanese or entraining them for Harbin. 1918 Outing May 112/2 Our trail when completed took us..south-westward to Shandaken, where we could entrain ourselves. 2016 Irish News (Nexis) 14 Mar. 19 Those support troops sent by the British PM to Dublin were probably entrained at the old GNR in Great Victoria Street in Belfast. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1847v.¹1568v.²1878
随便看	over-trouble over-troubled over-true outparts outparty outpass outpassage outpassed outpasses outpassing outpassion outpassioned outpassioning outpassions outpath outpatience outpatient outpatients outpay outpeak outpeal outpeep outpeeped outpeeping outpeeps

entrainn.

entrainv.1

entrainv.2

entrainv.¹

entrainv.²