passe-volantn.

Brit.

/ˈpasˌvəʊlənt/, U.S.

/ˌpɑsˈvoʊlən(t)/

Forms: 1500s passauolante, 1500s pasuolan, 1600s pasvolant, 1600s– passe-volant, 1700s pass-volant; also Scottish pre-1700 pasuolan, pre-1700 pasvoland, pre-1700 pasvolland, pre-1700 paswolent.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French passe-volant.

Etymology: < Middle French, French passe-volant (1526 in sense 1, a1577 in sense 2) < passe- (see pass- comb. form) + volant flying (see volant adj. and n.). Compare Spanish pasavolante (a1493), Italian passavolante (a1502).In form passauolante probably after Italian.

Now historical.

†1. A type of small cannon used in the 16th and 17th centuries; = base n.⁵ Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > piece of artillery > [noun] > small or short pieces

murderer1495

curtala1509

minion1513

passe-volant1513

pikmoyane1513

saker1521

base1539

robinet1547

quarter cannon?a1549

bersec1550

murdresarc1550

yetling1558

battardc1565

demi-cannon1577

calabass1578

double curtal1582

demi-culverin1587

rabinet1596

murdering piece1601

drake1627

putter1646

cartow1650

putterlingc1650

minion drakea1661

cut1672

under-saker1678

murther1688

carronade1779

carthoun1849

1513 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1902) IV. 487 Item, to Alexander Routh for vij new paswolentis, the price of the pece iij li. greit.

1524 R. Copland tr. J. de Bourbon Syege Cyte of Rodes in Begynnynge Ordre Knyghtes Hospytallers sig. Bvj The meane shot as sacres and pasuolans were in grete nombre.

1566 in T. Thomson Coll. Inventories Royal Wardrobe (1815) 172 Item ane pasvoland of brace upone ane traist.

1588 C. Lucar Appendix xxxvii. 33 in tr. N. Tartaglia 3 Bks. Shooting Ovr great peeces of artillery are knowne by these names:..Minion of the biggest sort, Minion of the ordinary sort, Moiane, Passauolante or Zebratana, [etc.].

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Pasvolant, the Artillery called a Base.

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Passe-volant, a name applied by the French to a Quaker or wooden gun on board ship; but it was adopted by our early voyagers as also expressing a movable piece of ordnance.

2. Military. A man temporarily hired as a pretend or dummy soldier in order to supply a deficiency at the muster or on the roll of a company or regiment. Cf. faggot n. 7.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by type of service > [noun] > mercenary

wagerc1420

knight wager1513

mercenary1523

lance-knight1530

suddart1542

hireling1547

adventurer1548

venturer1572

lansquenet1577

warmonger1590

mercenarian1598

passe-volant1617

provantman1659

soldier of fortune1661

privateer1676

routier1683

bravo1761

stipendiary1768

free companion1804

freelance1819

free-rider1821

freelancer1854

merchant of death1934

merc1967

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Passevolant,..also, a hireling whom a Captaine, on Muster dayes, foisteth into his companie; and generally, any such skipiacke, or base nimblesbie.]

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 105 Letters from the Lords in England, requiring that no Captain should supply his Company with Passe-volants at pleasure.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Pass Pass-Volant, a Fagot, or a pretended soldier... In France the Passe-volants are condemn'd to be mark'd on the Cheek with a Flour-de-lis.

1953 W. H. Lewis Splendid Cent. (1957) v. 132 In 1663 a detected passe volant was flogged.

1994 French Hist. Stud. 18 896 Parrott then further reduces the actual number, by assuming a 25 percent error caused by officers padding their companies with phony soldiers, passe volants, at reviews.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	passe-volant
释义	passe-volantn. Brit. /ˈpasˌvəʊlənt/, U.S. /ˌpɑsˈvoʊlən(t)/ Forms: 1500s passauolante, 1500s pasuolan, 1600s pasvolant, 1600s– passe-volant, 1700s pass-volant; also Scottish pre-1700 pasuolan, pre-1700 pasvoland, pre-1700 pasvolland, pre-1700 paswolent. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French passe-volant. Etymology: < Middle French, French passe-volant (1526 in sense 1, a1577 in sense 2) < passe- (see pass- comb. form) + volant flying (see volant adj. and n.). Compare Spanish pasavolante (a1493), Italian passavolante (a1502).In form passauolante probably after Italian. Now historical. †1. A type of small cannon used in the 16th and 17th centuries; = base n.⁵ Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > piece of artillery > [noun] > small or short pieces murderer1495 curtala1509 minion1513 passe-volant1513 pikmoyane1513 saker1521 base1539 robinet1547 quarter cannon?a1549 bersec1550 murdresarc1550 yetling1558 battardc1565 demi-cannon1577 calabass1578 double curtal1582 demi-culverin1587 rabinet1596 murdering piece1601 drake1627 putter1646 cartow1650 putterlingc1650 minion drakea1661 cut1672 under-saker1678 murther1688 carronade1779 carthoun1849 1513 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1902) IV. 487 Item, to Alexander Routh for vij new paswolentis, the price of the pece iij li. greit. 1524 R. Copland tr. J. de Bourbon Syege Cyte of Rodes in Begynnynge Ordre Knyghtes Hospytallers sig. Bvj The meane shot as sacres and pasuolans were in grete nombre. 1566 in T. Thomson Coll. Inventories Royal Wardrobe (1815) 172 Item ane pasvoland of brace upone ane traist. 1588 C. Lucar Appendix xxxvii. 33 in tr. N. Tartaglia 3 Bks. Shooting Ovr great peeces of artillery are knowne by these names:..Minion of the biggest sort, Minion of the ordinary sort, Moiane, Passauolante or Zebratana, [etc.]. 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Pasvolant, the Artillery called a Base. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Passe-volant, a name applied by the French to a Quaker or wooden gun on board ship; but it was adopted by our early voyagers as also expressing a movable piece of ordnance. 2. Military. A man temporarily hired as a pretend or dummy soldier in order to supply a deficiency at the muster or on the roll of a company or regiment. Cf. faggot n. 7. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by type of service > [noun] > mercenary wagerc1420 knight wager1513 mercenary1523 lance-knight1530 suddart1542 hireling1547 adventurer1548 venturer1572 lansquenet1577 warmonger1590 mercenarian1598 passe-volant1617 provantman1659 soldier of fortune1661 privateer1676 routier1683 bravo1761 stipendiary1768 free companion1804 freelance1819 free-rider1821 freelancer1854 merchant of death1934 merc1967 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Passevolant,..also, a hireling whom a Captaine, on Muster dayes, foisteth into his companie; and generally, any such skipiacke, or base nimblesbie.] 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 105 Letters from the Lords in England, requiring that no Captain should supply his Company with Passe-volants at pleasure. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Pass Pass-Volant, a Fagot, or a pretended soldier... In France the Passe-volants are condemn'd to be mark'd on the Cheek with a Flour-de-lis. 1953 W. H. Lewis Splendid Cent. (1957) v. 132 In 1663 a detected passe volant was flogged. 1994 French Hist. Stud. 18 896 Parrott then further reduces the actual number, by assuming a 25 percent error caused by officers padding their companies with phony soldiers, passe volants, at reviews. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1513
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