espialn.

/ɪˈspʌɪəl/

Forms: Middle English espiaile, espyaile, espyaille, ( expyayle), Middle English–1600s espiall(e, 1500s–1600s espyal(l, Middle English– espial.

Etymology: < Old French espiaille the action of spying (concrete in plural ‘spies’), < espier , modern French épier : see espy v.

1. The action of espying or spying.

a. The acting as a spy; the action of keeping watch; observation. Also attributive.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > secret observation, spying > [noun]

spying1338

espying1340

espialc1386

espyc1386

spyc1450

especiala1500

spieryc1588

intelligence1602

worming1607

scouting1644

espionage1793

spyism1847

spydom1859

obbo1933

great game1936

spooking1977

c1386 G. Chaucer Melibeus ⁋353 Thanne schal ye evermore counterwayte embusshementz and alle espiaille.

1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 56 For espiall and mistrowinges They dide thanne suche thinges, That every man might other knowe.

1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 11 Beware wele that thou be not supprised by thin ennemyes, for lakke of wache and good espial.

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Espiall place, or corner to spye out of.

1623 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. VII. O.T. xix. 480 There are Spies vpon him, whose espials haue moued their anger.

1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xxv. 256 The Captain..cut a small hole of espial in the wall.

1876 M. E. Braddon Joshua Haggard's Daughter I. 73 A little room next the hall-door, a closet of espial.

†b. Detection, discovery. Obsolete.Not found in a more recent edition of the text.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > endeavour > searching or seeking > finding or discovery > [noun] > detection > detection of a person

deprehension1527

espial?a1562

discovery1592

detecting1604

deprension1654

?a1562 G. Cavendish Life Wolsey (1959) 63 After the spyall of thys boye my lord revelled the same vnto the Councell.]

c. The action of espying or catching sight of anything; the fact of being espied.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > [noun] > catching sight of

discovery1587

espial1588

espiery1845

sighting1853

1588 G. Babington Profitable Expos. Lords Prayer vi. 438 A true espiall of sanctification of life in our selues.

1683 W. Kennett tr. Erasmus Witt against Wisdom 24 They are as Eagle-sighted as may be in the espial of others faults.

1814 Ld. Byron Corsair i. xvii. 30 Conrad's prow pass'd by,..Screen'd from espial by the jutting cape.

1844 T. Hood Haunted House i, in Hood's Mag. Jan. 2 Roses with thistles struggled for espial.

†2. concrete. A body of spies; hence (chiefly in plural) a spy, scout. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > secret observation, spying > [noun] > a secret observer, spy > a spy or scout

spy13..

espierc1384

espialc1386

especiala1500

espya1500

watchmanc1515

escout1560

espioun1636

emissary1663

telegraph1825

c1386 G. Chaucer Friar's Tale 23 Ful prively he had his espiaile.

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour iii. vi. sig. ai Dauid by an espiall, knewe that they were all faste on slepe.

a1572 J. Knox Hist. Reformation Scotl. in Wks. (1846) I. 452 The Quene had amangis us her assured espiallis.

1587 R. Holinshed et al. Hist. Eng. (new ed.) viii. x. 198/2 (heading) in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I His [Harold's] vnskilfull espials tooke the Normans..for priests.

1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar v. §31 Our Judge stands as an espial and a watch over our actions.

1653 H. Holcroft tr. Procopius Persian Wars ii. 51 in tr. Procopius Hist. Warres Justinian The espialls returning assured him, there would bee no invasion.

in extended use.1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 73 Bees..when the flowers are spent neere their lodgings..send out their espialls to looke for more in places further distant.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	espial
释义	espialn. /ɪˈspʌɪəl/ Forms: Middle English espiaile, espyaile, espyaille, ( expyayle), Middle English–1600s espiall(e, 1500s–1600s espyal(l, Middle English– espial. Etymology: < Old French espiaille the action of spying (concrete in plural ‘spies’), < espier , modern French épier : see espy v. 1. The action of espying or spying. a. The acting as a spy; the action of keeping watch; observation. Also attributive. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > secret observation, spying > [noun] spying1338 espying1340 espialc1386 espyc1386 spyc1450 especiala1500 spieryc1588 intelligence1602 worming1607 scouting1644 espionage1793 spyism1847 spydom1859 obbo1933 great game1936 spooking1977 c1386 G. Chaucer Melibeus ⁋353 Thanne schal ye evermore counterwayte embusshementz and alle espiaille. 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 56 For espiall and mistrowinges They dide thanne suche thinges, That every man might other knowe. 1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 11 Beware wele that thou be not supprised by thin ennemyes, for lakke of wache and good espial. 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Espiall place, or corner to spye out of. 1623 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. VII. O.T. xix. 480 There are Spies vpon him, whose espials haue moued their anger. 1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xxv. 256 The Captain..cut a small hole of espial in the wall. 1876 M. E. Braddon Joshua Haggard's Daughter I. 73 A little room next the hall-door, a closet of espial. †b. Detection, discovery. Obsolete.Not found in a more recent edition of the text. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > endeavour > searching or seeking > finding or discovery > [noun] > detection > detection of a person deprehension1527 espial?a1562 discovery1592 detecting1604 deprension1654 ?a1562 G. Cavendish Life Wolsey (1959) 63 After the spyall of thys boye my lord revelled the same vnto the Councell.] c. The action of espying or catching sight of anything; the fact of being espied. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > [noun] > catching sight of discovery1587 espial1588 espiery1845 sighting1853 1588 G. Babington Profitable Expos. Lords Prayer vi. 438 A true espiall of sanctification of life in our selues. 1683 W. Kennett tr. Erasmus Witt against Wisdom 24 They are as Eagle-sighted as may be in the espial of others faults. 1814 Ld. Byron Corsair i. xvii. 30 Conrad's prow pass'd by,..Screen'd from espial by the jutting cape. 1844 T. Hood Haunted House i, in Hood's Mag. Jan. 2 Roses with thistles struggled for espial. †2. concrete. A body of spies; hence (chiefly in plural) a spy, scout. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > secret observation, spying > [noun] > a secret observer, spy > a spy or scout spy13.. espierc1384 espialc1386 especiala1500 espya1500 watchmanc1515 escout1560 espioun1636 emissary1663 telegraph1825 c1386 G. Chaucer Friar's Tale 23 Ful prively he had his espiaile. 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour iii. vi. sig. ai Dauid by an espiall, knewe that they were all faste on slepe. a1572 J. Knox Hist. Reformation Scotl. in Wks. (1846) I. 452 The Quene had amangis us her assured espiallis. 1587 R. Holinshed et al. Hist. Eng. (new ed.) viii. x. 198/2 (heading) in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I His [Harold's] vnskilfull espials tooke the Normans..for priests. 1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar v. §31 Our Judge stands as an espial and a watch over our actions. 1653 H. Holcroft tr. Procopius Persian Wars ii. 51 in tr. Procopius Hist. Warres Justinian The espialls returning assured him, there would bee no invasion. in extended use.1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 73 Bees..when the flowers are spent neere their lodgings..send out their espialls to looke for more in places further distant. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.c1386
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