episthotonosn.

Brit.

/ˌɛpᵻsˈθɒtənəs/, U.S.

/ˌɛpəsˈθɑdənəs/

Forms:

α. (in sense 1) Middle English epitestemis, Middle English epitestenus, 1500s epitestanus.

β. (in sense 1) Middle English empistenos, Middle English empistonies, Middle English empistonos.

γ. 1600s epistotonos, 1700s– episthotonos, 1700s– episthotonus.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin epistotonos, episthotonos, empitostonus.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin epistotonos opisthotonos (1549 or earlier as episthotonos, a1250 in a British source as epitostonos), emprosthotonos (1602 in the passage translated in quot. 1662 at sense 2, a1350 in a British source as empitostonus), alterations (perhaps after ancient Greek ἐπι- epi- prefix) of classical Latin opisthotonus opisthotonos n. and post-classical Latin emprosthotonos emprosthotonos n. respectively. In later use in sense 2 probably after scientific Latin episthotonus in this sense as used by Vogel ( Definitiones generum morborum (1764) 12).In α. forms perhaps influenced by association with tetanus n. or its classical Latin etymon. In β. forms apparently arising as an alteration of α. forms after post-classical Latin emprosthotonos emprosthotonos n.

Medicine.

†1. = opisthotonos n. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. vii. xiii. 358 Epitestenus [M.E.D. epitestemis; L. epitestanus], when þe hindir sinowis schrenken and haue þe crampe.

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 105 Special signes maken oon of þre maner of crampis: þe toon is clepid amprostonos, þe toþer empistenos [?a1450 BL Add. empistonos; L. antostanus], þe iij tetanus..in empistonies þe necke is crokid.

1730 Dr. Allen's Synopsis Medicinæ I. iii. 160 Convulsion or Contraction..is either Universal, called Tetanus, which is divided into Emprosthotonus and Episthotonus; or Particular, which respects a particular Limb or Articulation.

1849 Lancet 25 Aug. 200/2 There is sometimes laryngismus,..as there is, in different instances, emprosthotonus, episthotonus, pleurosthotonus.

2. = emprosthotonos n. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1662 tr. F. Plater et al. Golden Pract. Physick (new ed.) 95/1 And they go with a crooked body, and it inclines either to the foreparts in that called an Epistotonos [L. Epistotono] or to the hinder parts in an Opisthotonos [L. Opistotono], or to either side.

1772 D. MacBride Methodical Introd. Physic ii. v. i. 545 When the anterior muscles chiefly are in the rigid and contracted state, so as to bend the body forwards, the disease is termed Episthotonos, or Emprosthotonos.

1785 London Pract. Physic (ed. 4) 224 It [sc. tetanus] is divided into two species: the opisthotonus; and the episthotonus, or emprosthotonus.

1811 R. Hooper Quincy's Lexicon-medicum (new ed.) Episthotonos, a spasmodic affection of muscles drawing the body forwards.

1862 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 23 Aug. 213/2 Every symptom of tetanus is present, except the more severe one of episthotonos.

1979 Clin. Neurol. & Neurosurg. 81 166 The boy developed episthotonus, extensor spasms, hyperpnoea and papilloedema with retinal haemorrhages.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	episthotonos
释义	episthotonosn. Brit. /ˌɛpᵻsˈθɒtənəs/, U.S. /ˌɛpəsˈθɑdənəs/ Forms: α. (in sense 1) Middle English epitestemis, Middle English epitestenus, 1500s epitestanus. β. (in sense 1) Middle English empistenos, Middle English empistonies, Middle English empistonos. γ. 1600s epistotonos, 1700s– episthotonos, 1700s– episthotonus. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin epistotonos, episthotonos, empitostonus. Etymology: < post-classical Latin epistotonos opisthotonos (1549 or earlier as episthotonos, a1250 in a British source as epitostonos), emprosthotonos (1602 in the passage translated in quot. 1662 at sense 2, a1350 in a British source as empitostonus), alterations (perhaps after ancient Greek ἐπι- epi- prefix) of classical Latin opisthotonus opisthotonos n. and post-classical Latin emprosthotonos emprosthotonos n. respectively. In later use in sense 2 probably after scientific Latin episthotonus in this sense as used by Vogel ( Definitiones generum morborum (1764) 12).In α. forms perhaps influenced by association with tetanus n. or its classical Latin etymon. In β. forms apparently arising as an alteration of α. forms after post-classical Latin emprosthotonos emprosthotonos n. Medicine. †1. = opisthotonos n. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. vii. xiii. 358 Epitestenus [M.E.D. epitestemis; L. epitestanus], when þe hindir sinowis schrenken and haue þe crampe. a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 105 Special signes maken oon of þre maner of crampis: þe toon is clepid amprostonos, þe toþer empistenos [?a1450 BL Add. empistonos; L. antostanus], þe iij tetanus..in empistonies þe necke is crokid. 1730 Dr. Allen's Synopsis Medicinæ I. iii. 160 Convulsion or Contraction..is either Universal, called Tetanus, which is divided into Emprosthotonus and Episthotonus; or Particular, which respects a particular Limb or Articulation. 1849 Lancet 25 Aug. 200/2 There is sometimes laryngismus,..as there is, in different instances, emprosthotonus, episthotonus, pleurosthotonus. 2. = emprosthotonos n. Now rare. ΚΠ 1662 tr. F. Plater et al. Golden Pract. Physick (new ed.) 95/1 And they go with a crooked body, and it inclines either to the foreparts in that called an Epistotonos [L. Epistotono] or to the hinder parts in an Opisthotonos [L. Opistotono], or to either side. 1772 D. MacBride Methodical Introd. Physic ii. v. i. 545 When the anterior muscles chiefly are in the rigid and contracted state, so as to bend the body forwards, the disease is termed Episthotonos, or Emprosthotonos. 1785 London Pract. Physic (ed. 4) 224 It [sc. tetanus] is divided into two species: the opisthotonus; and the episthotonus, or emprosthotonus. 1811 R. Hooper Quincy's Lexicon-medicum (new ed.) Episthotonos, a spasmodic affection of muscles drawing the body forwards. 1862 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 23 Aug. 213/2 Every symptom of tetanus is present, except the more severe one of episthotonos. 1979 Clin. Neurol. & Neurosurg. 81 166 The boy developed episthotonus, extensor spasms, hyperpnoea and papilloedema with retinal haemorrhages. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1398
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