episternaln.adj.

Brit.

/ˌɛpᵻˈstəːnl/, U.S.

/ˌɛpəˈstərn(ə)l/

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly formed within English, by derivation; originally modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: French épisternal , epi- prefix, sternal adj.

Etymology: As noun in sense A. 1 < French épisternal, noun ( E. Geoffroy St-Hilaire Philosophie anatomique (1818) I. 85), use as noun of épisternal , adjective (see below). Compare later episternum n. 2, sternal n., and also suprasternal n. at supra- prefix 1a(a). As noun in sense A. 2 after use as adjective; compare earlier episternum n. 1. As adjective < epi- prefix + sternal adj., originally after French épisternal ( E. Geoffroy St-Hilaire Philosophie anatomique (1818) I. 84, originally in os épisternal episternal bone). Compare scientific Latin episternalis (1823 or earlier).

Chiefly Zoology.

A. n.

1. = episternum n. 2. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > animal body > general parts > covering or skin > [noun] > hard or protective covering > scale > large scale or bony plate > dermal plate > attached to collarbone

episternal1820

interclavicle1870

1820 Ann. Philos. 16 103 He [sc. W. E. Leach] thinks too, that some bones in the vicinity of the sternum..are likewise misunderstood; Geoffroy's Acromium, he believes to be the true Clavicles; the Clavicles of Geoffrey to be the Episternal.

1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 284/1 If to these be added the two portions or episternals..then nine elements may be reckoned to enter into the composition of the coracoid element.

1871 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 154 The most characteristic specimen..is the anterior extremity of a sternum, consisting of the greater part of both episternals and a small portion of the entosternal bone.

1916 E. S. Russell Form & Function (1917) v. 58 The minuteness of the episternals and the xiphisternal may be attributed to the gigantic size of the entosternal.

2. = episternum n. 1. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1852 J. D. Dana U.S. Exploring Exped.: Crustacea Pt. I 26 Beyond the episternals, the epimerals normally come next in order.

1856 J. M'Cosh & G. Dickie Typical Forms & Special Ends Creation 235 The middle pieces are called sternal, because corresponding in position to the breast-bone (sternum) in Vertebrata; the lateral pieces are called episternals.

1883 S. L. Lovén On Pourtalesia 16 It is followed by a pair of well defined and fairly sized episternals, somewhat lengthened, but else not unlike those of Meoma and Brissus.

1934 Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. 45 825 The succeeding pair of plates..are also approximately equal in size and resemble paired episternals.

1989 Contrib. Sci. (Nat. Hist. Mus. L.A. County) No. 413 37/1 Preepisternals several (6–7); episternals numerous (15–16); metapleurals numerous (12–16).

B. adj.

Located anterior to or above the sternum; of, relating to, or of the nature of an episternum.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > breastbone > [adjective] > parts of

xiphoidan1653

xiphoid1747

mesosternal1828

episternal1833

xiphisternal1839

xiphoidian1860

manubrial1899

xiphocostal1899

xiphoidal1904

1833 Entomol. Mag. 1 477 The vertical plate is the posterior episternal apophyses [sic].

1834 Lancet 8 Feb. 735/2 In the turtles the two episternal pieces..unite upon the median plane, but they taper downwards upon each side to a point.

1859 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. V. 259/1 The..left carotid arteries [in man] leaving the chest through the episternal notch.

1890 C. V. Riley & L. O. Howard Insect Life 173 The luminous matter is secreted from glands situated on the sternal and episternal plates.

1924 Science 7 Nov. 417/1 The fixed cells of the episternal cartilage of the frog were the objects chosen for observation and experiment.

1976 R. M. Bohart et al. Sphecid Wasps of World 14/1 The episternal sulcus is short in many sphecids, fading below its juncture with the scrobal sulcus.

2006 G. Theischinger & J. Hawking Compl. Field Guide Dragonflies Austral. 48 Mesepimeral portion of humeral stripe about as wide as adjacent part of episternal portion.

2012 S. R. McGee Evidence-based Physical Diagnosis (ed. 3) xiii. 88 Fat may also accumulate bilaterally above the clavicles.., in front of the sternum (episternal area, or dewlap), and over the back of the neck.

Compounds

† episternal granule n. [after French pièce osseuse épi-sternale (1838 or earlier)] Anatomy Obsolete an ossified nodule in a sternoclavicular ligament.

ΚΠ

1848 Quain's Elements Anat. (ed. 5) I. 105 To the centres of ossification here described M. Brechet [sic] has added two small epi-sternal granules.

1873 St. G. Mivart Lessons Elem. Anat. ii. 65 The ‘episternal granules’ occasionally present in man are replaced in some mammals by considerable horn-like processes.

1889 J. Leidy Elem. Treat. Human Anat. (ed. 2) iii. 85 (note) Ossa suprasternalia; Episternal granules.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	episternal
释义	episternaln.adj. Brit. /ˌɛpᵻˈstəːnl/, U.S. /ˌɛpəˈstərn(ə)l/ Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly formed within English, by derivation; originally modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: French épisternal , epi- prefix, sternal adj. Etymology: As noun in sense A. 1 < French épisternal, noun ( E. Geoffroy St-Hilaire Philosophie anatomique (1818) I. 85), use as noun of épisternal , adjective (see below). Compare later episternum n. 2, sternal n., and also suprasternal n. at supra- prefix 1a(a). As noun in sense A. 2 after use as adjective; compare earlier episternum n. 1. As adjective < epi- prefix + sternal adj., originally after French épisternal ( E. Geoffroy St-Hilaire Philosophie anatomique (1818) I. 84, originally in os épisternal episternal bone). Compare scientific Latin episternalis (1823 or earlier). Chiefly Zoology. A. n. 1. = episternum n. 2. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animal body > general parts > covering or skin > [noun] > hard or protective covering > scale > large scale or bony plate > dermal plate > attached to collarbone episternal1820 interclavicle1870 1820 Ann. Philos. 16 103 He [sc. W. E. Leach] thinks too, that some bones in the vicinity of the sternum..are likewise misunderstood; Geoffroy's Acromium, he believes to be the true Clavicles; the Clavicles of Geoffrey to be the Episternal. 1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 284/1 If to these be added the two portions or episternals..then nine elements may be reckoned to enter into the composition of the coracoid element. 1871 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 154 The most characteristic specimen..is the anterior extremity of a sternum, consisting of the greater part of both episternals and a small portion of the entosternal bone. 1916 E. S. Russell Form & Function (1917) v. 58 The minuteness of the episternals and the xiphisternal may be attributed to the gigantic size of the entosternal. 2. = episternum n. 1. Now rare. ΚΠ 1852 J. D. Dana U.S. Exploring Exped.: Crustacea Pt. I 26 Beyond the episternals, the epimerals normally come next in order. 1856 J. M'Cosh & G. Dickie Typical Forms & Special Ends Creation 235 The middle pieces are called sternal, because corresponding in position to the breast-bone (sternum) in Vertebrata; the lateral pieces are called episternals. 1883 S. L. Lovén On Pourtalesia 16 It is followed by a pair of well defined and fairly sized episternals, somewhat lengthened, but else not unlike those of Meoma and Brissus. 1934 Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. 45 825 The succeeding pair of plates..are also approximately equal in size and resemble paired episternals. 1989 Contrib. Sci. (Nat. Hist. Mus. L.A. County) No. 413 37/1 Preepisternals several (6–7); episternals numerous (15–16); metapleurals numerous (12–16). B. adj. Located anterior to or above the sternum; of, relating to, or of the nature of an episternum. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > breastbone > [adjective] > parts of xiphoidan1653 xiphoid1747 mesosternal1828 episternal1833 xiphisternal1839 xiphoidian1860 manubrial1899 xiphocostal1899 xiphoidal1904 1833 Entomol. Mag. 1 477 The vertical plate is the posterior episternal apophyses [sic]. 1834 Lancet 8 Feb. 735/2 In the turtles the two episternal pieces..unite upon the median plane, but they taper downwards upon each side to a point. 1859 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. V. 259/1 The..left carotid arteries [in man] leaving the chest through the episternal notch. 1890 C. V. Riley & L. O. Howard Insect Life 173 The luminous matter is secreted from glands situated on the sternal and episternal plates. 1924 Science 7 Nov. 417/1 The fixed cells of the episternal cartilage of the frog were the objects chosen for observation and experiment. 1976 R. M. Bohart et al. Sphecid Wasps of World 14/1 The episternal sulcus is short in many sphecids, fading below its juncture with the scrobal sulcus. 2006 G. Theischinger & J. Hawking Compl. Field Guide Dragonflies Austral. 48 Mesepimeral portion of humeral stripe about as wide as adjacent part of episternal portion. 2012 S. R. McGee Evidence-based Physical Diagnosis (ed. 3) xiii. 88 Fat may also accumulate bilaterally above the clavicles.., in front of the sternum (episternal area, or dewlap), and over the back of the neck. Compounds † episternal granule n. [after French pièce osseuse épi-sternale (1838 or earlier)] Anatomy Obsolete an ossified nodule in a sternoclavicular ligament. ΚΠ 1848 Quain's Elements Anat. (ed. 5) I. 105 To the centres of ossification here described M. Brechet [sic] has added two small epi-sternal granules. 1873 St. G. Mivart Lessons Elem. Anat. ii. 65 The ‘episternal granules’ occasionally present in man are replaced in some mammals by considerable horn-like processes. 1889 J. Leidy Elem. Treat. Human Anat. (ed. 2) iii. 85 (note) Ossa suprasternalia; Episternal granules. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.adj.1820
随便看	old tory old town old trick old trot old trout old tuberculin old vic old wellingtonian old west old west norse old who old wife old wise man old witch old wives' fables old wives' tale old wives' tales old wives' women's fables old woman old woman's bitter old woman's tale old woman's tooth old womanism old world old world monkey