ergativeadj.

Brit.

/ˈəːɡətɪv/, U.S.

/ˈərɡədɪv/

Etymology: < Greek ἐργάτης workman + -ive suffix.

Grammar.

In full ergative case. A term used of a grammatical case marking the subject of a transitive verb in languages such as Eskimo, Basque, and some others. Also elliptical.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > case > [adjective] > other spec.

polyptote1656

instrumental case1801

allative1831

adessive1852

abessive1854

instructive1857

caritive1860

comitative1860

juxtapositive1880

similative1884

illative1890

translative1890

introessive1903

perlative1937

lative1939

patient1939

ergative1943

elative1951

non-objective1954

superessive1971

1943 J. Marouzeau Lexique Terminol. Linguistique (ed. 2) 89 Ergatif (Ergativ, Ergative). Cas désignant l'agent dans les langues comme le basque.

1950 Archivum Linguisticum 2 ii. 100 In syntactically transitional types of language like Georgian and Laz..the ergative and nominative are found side by side.

1964 E. Palmer tr. A. Martinet Elements Gen. Linguistics vi. 179 This ending..was necessarily the morpheme of an ‘ergative’ case.

1968 J. Lyons Introd. Theoret. Linguistics viii. 352 The term..for the syntactic relationship that holds between (1) [the stone moved] and (3) [John moved the stone] is ‘ergative’: the subject of an intransitive verb ‘becomes’ the object of a corresponding transitive verb, and a new ergative subject is introduced as the ‘agent’ (or ‘cause’) of the action referred to.

Derivatives

ergaˈtivity n. the state or condition of being ergative.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > case > [noun] > ergative > condition of

ergativity1968

1968 J. Lyons Introd. Theoret. Linguistics viii. 342 This syntactic parallelism between the ‘goal’ of a transitive verb and the subject of an intransitive verb is generally referred to as ‘ergativity’.

1978 Language 54 216 Ergativity, accusativity, and other case phenomena.

1983 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 28 182 His proposal is..unable to provide a uniform treatment of ergativity.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1972; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	ergative
释义	ergativeadj. Brit. /ˈəːɡətɪv/, U.S. /ˈərɡədɪv/ Etymology: < Greek ἐργάτης workman + -ive suffix. Grammar. In full ergative case. A term used of a grammatical case marking the subject of a transitive verb in languages such as Eskimo, Basque, and some others. Also elliptical. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > case > [adjective] > other spec. polyptote1656 instrumental case1801 allative1831 adessive1852 abessive1854 instructive1857 caritive1860 comitative1860 juxtapositive1880 similative1884 illative1890 translative1890 introessive1903 perlative1937 lative1939 patient1939 ergative1943 elative1951 non-objective1954 superessive1971 1943 J. Marouzeau Lexique Terminol. Linguistique (ed. 2) 89 Ergatif (Ergativ, Ergative). Cas désignant l'agent dans les langues comme le basque. 1950 Archivum Linguisticum 2 ii. 100 In syntactically transitional types of language like Georgian and Laz..the ergative and nominative are found side by side. 1964 E. Palmer tr. A. Martinet Elements Gen. Linguistics vi. 179 This ending..was necessarily the morpheme of an ‘ergative’ case. 1968 J. Lyons Introd. Theoret. Linguistics viii. 352 The term..for the syntactic relationship that holds between (1) [the stone moved] and (3) [John moved the stone] is ‘ergative’: the subject of an intransitive verb ‘becomes’ the object of a corresponding transitive verb, and a new ergative subject is introduced as the ‘agent’ (or ‘cause’) of the action referred to. Derivatives ergaˈtivity n. the state or condition of being ergative. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > case > [noun] > ergative > condition of ergativity1968 1968 J. Lyons Introd. Theoret. Linguistics viii. 342 This syntactic parallelism between the ‘goal’ of a transitive verb and the subject of an intransitive verb is generally referred to as ‘ergativity’. 1978 Language 54 216 Ergativity, accusativity, and other case phenomena. 1983 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 28 182 His proposal is..unable to provide a uniform treatment of ergativity. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1972; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1943
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