epicuren.adj.

Brit.

/ˈɛpᵻkjʊə/,

/ˈɛpᵻkjɔː/, U.S.

/ˈɛpəˌkjʊ(ə)r/

Forms: late Middle English epicour, late Middle English–1500s epycure, late Middle English– epicure, 1500s epecur. Also with capital initial.

Origin: Probably from a proper name. Etymon: proper name Epicurus.

Etymology: Probably < the name of Epicurus (classical Latin Epicūrus , < Hellenistic Greek Ἐπίκουρος ), Athenian philosopher c300 b.c., with omission of the ending. Compare post-classical Latin epicurus profligate person (12th century in a British source), Old French, Middle French (rare) epicure person devoted to sensual pleasure (a1284 in an apparently isolated attestation in Brunetto Latini's Livre dou tresor), follower of Epicurus (1372 in two apparently isolated attestations, translating classical Latin Epicūrēus : see epicurean n.). Compare earlier epicurean n. and the foreign-language forms cited at that entry, Epicuree n., and (with the use as adjective) epicury adj.The name of the philosopher is attested in English contexts from the Old English period onwards (in Old English in the forms Epeccurus, Epiccurus).

A. n.

1. Usually with capital initial.

a. A follower or student of the Greek philosopher Epicurus (341–270 b.c.); = epicurean n. 1. Now historical and rare.Epicurus, whose philosophy was in various ways a refinement of the materialistic atomism of Democritus, distinctively taught (i) that pleasure is the only intrinsically valuable thing, though a tranquil life of moderation is the best way to secure it, and (ii) that the gods are not to be feared since they do not concern themselves at all with human affairs.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > ancient Greek philosophy > post-Socratic philosophy > [noun] > Epicureanism > adherent of

Epicureec1384

epicurean?c1400

epicurea1450

Epicurist1579

a1450 ( J. Walton tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Bodl. e Mus.) 25 Epicures [a1500 Durh. epicours, ?a1500 Harl. 43 epycurys; c1450 Linc. The epicurus and þe stoycienus his heritage of his opinioun Þai cauȝten to them as for verrey menus To wilfulnes; L. epicureum].

1547 W. Baldwin Treat. Morall Phylos. i. xxiii. sig. G.iii^v Scholers of euerye secte became Epicures, but none of the Epicures became of other sectes.

1599 J. Davies Nosce Teipsum 10 Epicures make them swarmes of Atomies.

1628 O. Felltham Resolves: 2nd Cent. lxii. sig. T I care not for the planed Stoicke, there is a Sect betweene him and the Epicure.

1772 J. W. Fletcher Appeal Matter of Fact iii. 89 Unrenewed man..has..imagined with the epicure a careless God.

1998 R. Barbour Eng. Epicures & Stoics 8 To seventeenth-century readers, Stoic and Epicure alike are at times politically volatile.

†b. More loosely: a person who disbelieves in the divine government of the world, and in a future life; a person who recognizes no religious motives for conduct. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1545 G. Joye Expos. Daniel (xii.) f. 222 He describeth the furye of the Epicures..euen to contempne the very god.

1549 T. Solme in H. Latimer 2nd Serm. before Kynges Maiestie To Rdr. sig. Aviii^v Or els beleue (as y^e Epecurs do) that after this life ther is neither hel nor heauen.

1633 G. Herbert Church-porch in Temple 3 Were I an Epicure, I could bate swearing.

1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses I. 819 A professed unpreaching Epicure and Arminian.

a. A person devoted to sensual pleasure, esp. to eating and drinking; a hedonist; a glutton. In early use usually depreciative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > sensuous pleasure > sensuality > [noun] > sensualist

epicureana1450

fleshling1548

epicure?1551

carnalite1573

sensualist1604

akolast1606

voluptuarya1610

pleasure-monger1616

voluptary1616

carnalist1621

akolastic1623

woman of pleasure1623

pleasurista1682

luxurist1690

good liver1784

sensuist1840

liver1849

voluptuarian1879

?1551 T. Becon Fruitful Treat. Fasting sig. D.iiii He sate so swelling & sweting at the table thorow y^e tomuch deuouringe of pleasaunte meats & whot wines, y^t if Apelles had bene present with his pensil he might haue had a ioly paturn to paint a right Epicure.

1565 in J. Strype Ann. Reformation (1709) I. xlv. 462 He marvelled why Feckenham should call him Epicure [because he did not fast].

1577 T. Rogers tr. S. à Geveren Of Ende of World 12/2 Least happely by possessing much they..fal into ryotousnesse, and so become Epicures.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) v. iii. 8 Then fly false Thanes, And mingle with the English Epicures .

a1674 T. Traherne Christian Ethicks (1675) App. 573 An Epicure is for his Wine, or Women, or Feasts continually.

1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued I. ii. 372 Nobody was less of an epicure than Epicurus himself.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth V. 154 The poultry kind may be considered as sensual epicures, solely governed by their appetites.

1879 Harper's Bazar 25 Jan. 54/3 The epicure, deriving from the old philosopher, is one who seeks happiness.

1913 Manch. Guardian 6 Aug. 4/4 To the epicure it is not only the palate-tickling of a nightingale's tongue that gives delight, but even more the beauty of the song that has been sacrificed to win him a moment's pleasure of the senses.

2013 Hindustan Times (Nexis) 9 Mar. The epicure believes in affirming, not denying what life has to offer, particularly pleasure.

b. A person who cultivates a refined taste for, or takes a particular pleasure in, fine food and drink; a gourmet. Also in extended use of an animal. Usually with positive connotations.Now the main sense.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > gastronomy > [noun] > gastronome or epicure

viandera1556

sweet-lips1580

deipnosophist1581

feaster1585

epicure1586

friand1598

palatist1620

goinfre1643

palate-mana1661

palate-peoplea1661

bon-vivant1695

belly-critica1711

gourmand1758

turtle-eatera1774

connoisseur1796

gullet-fancier1805

gastrophilist1814

gastrologer1820

gastronomer1820

gastrophile1820

gourmet1820

palatician1821

gastrologist1822

gastronome1823

gastronomist1825

degustator1833

aristologist1835

opsophagist1854

gastrosoph1855

bon viveur1865

gastrosopher1894

foodist1906

foodie1980

1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 222 Let vs..forsake the discipline and life of Epicures [Fr. la discipline & vie Epicurienne], and beware that our pallate..be not more sensible than our hart.

a1639 W. Whately Prototypes (1640) xxiv. 165 Such an epicure was Potiphar..to please his tooth and pamper his flesh with delicacies.

1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ iii. i. §18 More sweetness in knowledge, than the little Epicure, the Bee, tasts in his choicest flowers.

1782 J. Warton Ess. on Pope (new ed.) II. x. 186 Our author himself was a great epicure.

1814 W. Scott Waverley II. vi. 111 As an Epicure protracts, by sipping slowly, the enjoyment of a delicious beverage.

1872 J. Yeats Growth Commerce 61 Lucullus, a more refined epicure.

1908 Westm. Gaz. 5 Aug. 2/2 These foreign cheeses consist..of fancy varieties..Gruyère, Camembert, Roquefort, Gorgonzola, &c.—which please the epicure.

1942 Fortune Nov. 56/2 (advt.) The Forst family..have for more than eighty years prepared and smoked meats for epicures.

2013 New Statesman 15 Nov. 69 Half Italian, and a keen epicure, he arrives laden with gifts.

c. A person who indulges in or cultivates a taste for some other specified pleasure or pursuit.

ΚΠ

1670 G. Havers tr. G. Leti Il Cardinalismo di Santa Chiesa i. ii. 49 The Cardinals..play the Epicures with Musick as well as Meat [It. mentre pransano al suono degli stromenti Musicali].

1798 J. Ferriar Illustr. Sterne ii. 47 This is excellently calculated to excite the appetite of literary epicures.

1823 T. Chalmers Serm. I. 382 Your epicures of feeling who riot in all the luxury of theatrical emotion.

1872 O. W. Holmes Poet at Breakfast-table ii. 54 I am afraid I am becoming an epicure in words.

1927 Living Age 15 Feb. 372/1 David Garnett's books represent a special taste for the intellectual epicure.

1997 J. W. de Sherbinin Chekhov & Russ. Relig. Culture v. 107 Vladimir Mayakovsky was one of the few writers to recognize in Chekhov a fellow literary epicure.

B. adj. (attributive).

That is an epicure (in various senses); epicurean.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > gastronomy > [adjective] > devoted to gastronomy

lickerousc1315

lickerish?a1500

epicure1545

friand1598

fine-toothed1601

tender-mouthed1620

turtle-eating1760

gastronomous1828

turtle-feeding1834

gastrophilite1835

turtle-fed1847

turtly1868

1545 G. Joye Expos. Daniel (xii.) f. 226 Antiochus gaue the bisshoprik of Ierusalem to the epicure preistis.

1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares f. 89^v Like one of Rome's Epicure Emperors.

1827 Christian Gleaner Feb. 48 They fearlessly made the whole round of the table,—And ate all the viands,—those epicure mice!

1835 Metrop. Mag. Nov. 294 The epicure crab was feeding upon the dish, man, below, whilst epicure man was feeding upon dished-up crab above.

1911 Vogue 15 Apr. 65/3 Retaining the essentials of the simple life..and the epicure tastes which make quality instead of quantity an essential of our menus.

1949 N.Y. Times 6 Apr. 36/5 A utensil..is being revived for the use of epicure-cooks. It is called a gaufrette or pizelle iron.

1998 C. McCauley in J. Goldstein Why we Watch vii. 144 The monkey is hammered unconscious on camera, its skull opened, and its still-pulsing brains served onto platters for the epicure diners.

Derivatives

† epicure-like adj. and adv. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1550 T. Becon Fortresse of Faythfull sig. C.iii The banketting is tomuch Epicurelike.

1589 R. Greene Menaphon sig. H3 Democles..spent his time Epicure-like in all kinde of pleasures.

1661 S. Pepys Diary 3 May (1970) II. 93 The exceeding unmannerly and most epicurelike palate of Mr. Creed.

1749 W. Hawkins Henry & Rosamond iii. i. 38 At pinching Hunger's Importunity Epicure-like devours his savoury Fragment.

1853 C. Dickens Bleak House vi. 53 I have the epicure-like feeling.

1896 Galveston (Texas) Daily News 24 Nov. 8/2 The jaded palate of New York swelldom turns uneasily from one musical treat to another, and, epicure like, rejects most of the good.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	epicure
释义	epicuren.adj. Brit. /ˈɛpᵻkjʊə/, /ˈɛpᵻkjɔː/, U.S. /ˈɛpəˌkjʊ(ə)r/ Forms: late Middle English epicour, late Middle English–1500s epycure, late Middle English– epicure, 1500s epecur. Also with capital initial. Origin: Probably from a proper name. Etymon: proper name Epicurus. Etymology: Probably < the name of Epicurus (classical Latin Epicūrus , < Hellenistic Greek Ἐπίκουρος ), Athenian philosopher c300 b.c., with omission of the ending. Compare post-classical Latin epicurus profligate person (12th century in a British source), Old French, Middle French (rare) epicure person devoted to sensual pleasure (a1284 in an apparently isolated attestation in Brunetto Latini's Livre dou tresor), follower of Epicurus (1372 in two apparently isolated attestations, translating classical Latin Epicūrēus : see epicurean n.). Compare earlier epicurean n. and the foreign-language forms cited at that entry, Epicuree n., and (with the use as adjective) epicury adj.The name of the philosopher is attested in English contexts from the Old English period onwards (in Old English in the forms Epeccurus, Epiccurus). A. n. 1. Usually with capital initial. a. A follower or student of the Greek philosopher Epicurus (341–270 b.c.); = epicurean n. 1. Now historical and rare.Epicurus, whose philosophy was in various ways a refinement of the materialistic atomism of Democritus, distinctively taught (i) that pleasure is the only intrinsically valuable thing, though a tranquil life of moderation is the best way to secure it, and (ii) that the gods are not to be feared since they do not concern themselves at all with human affairs. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > ancient Greek philosophy > post-Socratic philosophy > [noun] > Epicureanism > adherent of Epicureec1384 epicurean?c1400 epicurea1450 Epicurist1579 a1450 ( J. Walton tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Bodl. e Mus.) 25 Epicures [a1500 Durh. epicours, ?a1500 Harl. 43 epycurys; c1450 Linc. The epicurus and þe stoycienus his heritage of his opinioun Þai cauȝten to them as for verrey menus To wilfulnes; L. epicureum]. 1547 W. Baldwin Treat. Morall Phylos. i. xxiii. sig. G.iii^v Scholers of euerye secte became Epicures, but none of the Epicures became of other sectes. 1599 J. Davies Nosce Teipsum 10 Epicures make them swarmes of Atomies. 1628 O. Felltham Resolves: 2nd Cent. lxii. sig. T I care not for the planed Stoicke, there is a Sect betweene him and the Epicure. 1772 J. W. Fletcher Appeal Matter of Fact iii. 89 Unrenewed man..has..imagined with the epicure a careless God. 1998 R. Barbour Eng. Epicures & Stoics 8 To seventeenth-century readers, Stoic and Epicure alike are at times politically volatile. †b. More loosely: a person who disbelieves in the divine government of the world, and in a future life; a person who recognizes no religious motives for conduct. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1545 G. Joye Expos. Daniel (xii.) f. 222 He describeth the furye of the Epicures..euen to contempne the very god. 1549 T. Solme in H. Latimer 2nd Serm. before Kynges Maiestie To Rdr. sig. Aviii^v Or els beleue (as y^e Epecurs do) that after this life ther is neither hel nor heauen. 1633 G. Herbert Church-porch in Temple 3 Were I an Epicure, I could bate swearing. 1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses I. 819 A professed unpreaching Epicure and Arminian. 2. a. A person devoted to sensual pleasure, esp. to eating and drinking; a hedonist; a glutton. In early use usually depreciative. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > sensuous pleasure > sensuality > [noun] > sensualist epicureana1450 fleshling1548 epicure?1551 carnalite1573 sensualist1604 akolast1606 voluptuarya1610 pleasure-monger1616 voluptary1616 carnalist1621 akolastic1623 woman of pleasure1623 pleasurista1682 luxurist1690 good liver1784 sensuist1840 liver1849 voluptuarian1879 ?1551 T. Becon Fruitful Treat. Fasting sig. D.iiii He sate so swelling & sweting at the table thorow y^e tomuch deuouringe of pleasaunte meats & whot wines, y^t if Apelles had bene present with his pensil he might haue had a ioly paturn to paint a right Epicure. 1565 in J. Strype Ann. Reformation (1709) I. xlv. 462 He marvelled why Feckenham should call him Epicure [because he did not fast]. 1577 T. Rogers tr. S. à Geveren Of Ende of World 12/2 Least happely by possessing much they..fal into ryotousnesse, and so become Epicures. a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) v. iii. 8 Then fly false Thanes, And mingle with the English Epicures . View more context for this quotation a1674 T. Traherne Christian Ethicks (1675) App. 573 An Epicure is for his Wine, or Women, or Feasts continually. 1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued I. ii. 372 Nobody was less of an epicure than Epicurus himself. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth V. 154 The poultry kind may be considered as sensual epicures, solely governed by their appetites. 1879 Harper's Bazar 25 Jan. 54/3 The epicure, deriving from the old philosopher, is one who seeks happiness. 1913 Manch. Guardian 6 Aug. 4/4 To the epicure it is not only the palate-tickling of a nightingale's tongue that gives delight, but even more the beauty of the song that has been sacrificed to win him a moment's pleasure of the senses. 2013 Hindustan Times (Nexis) 9 Mar. The epicure believes in affirming, not denying what life has to offer, particularly pleasure. b. A person who cultivates a refined taste for, or takes a particular pleasure in, fine food and drink; a gourmet. Also in extended use of an animal. Usually with positive connotations.Now the main sense. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > gastronomy > [noun] > gastronome or epicure viandera1556 sweet-lips1580 deipnosophist1581 feaster1585 epicure1586 friand1598 palatist1620 goinfre1643 palate-mana1661 palate-peoplea1661 bon-vivant1695 belly-critica1711 gourmand1758 turtle-eatera1774 connoisseur1796 gullet-fancier1805 gastrophilist1814 gastrologer1820 gastronomer1820 gastrophile1820 gourmet1820 palatician1821 gastrologist1822 gastronome1823 gastronomist1825 degustator1833 aristologist1835 opsophagist1854 gastrosoph1855 bon viveur1865 gastrosopher1894 foodist1906 foodie1980 1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 222 Let vs..forsake the discipline and life of Epicures [Fr. la discipline & vie Epicurienne], and beware that our pallate..be not more sensible than our hart. a1639 W. Whately Prototypes (1640) xxiv. 165 Such an epicure was Potiphar..to please his tooth and pamper his flesh with delicacies. 1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ iii. i. §18 More sweetness in knowledge, than the little Epicure, the Bee, tasts in his choicest flowers. 1782 J. Warton Ess. on Pope (new ed.) II. x. 186 Our author himself was a great epicure. 1814 W. Scott Waverley II. vi. 111 As an Epicure protracts, by sipping slowly, the enjoyment of a delicious beverage. View more context for this quotation 1872 J. Yeats Growth Commerce 61 Lucullus, a more refined epicure. 1908 Westm. Gaz. 5 Aug. 2/2 These foreign cheeses consist..of fancy varieties..Gruyère, Camembert, Roquefort, Gorgonzola, &c.—which please the epicure. 1942 Fortune Nov. 56/2 (advt.) The Forst family..have for more than eighty years prepared and smoked meats for epicures. 2013 New Statesman 15 Nov. 69 Half Italian, and a keen epicure, he arrives laden with gifts. c. A person who indulges in or cultivates a taste for some other specified pleasure or pursuit. ΚΠ 1670 G. Havers tr. G. Leti Il Cardinalismo di Santa Chiesa i. ii. 49 The Cardinals..play the Epicures with Musick as well as Meat [It. mentre pransano al suono degli stromenti Musicali]. 1798 J. Ferriar Illustr. Sterne ii. 47 This is excellently calculated to excite the appetite of literary epicures. 1823 T. Chalmers Serm. I. 382 Your epicures of feeling who riot in all the luxury of theatrical emotion. 1872 O. W. Holmes Poet at Breakfast-table ii. 54 I am afraid I am becoming an epicure in words. 1927 Living Age 15 Feb. 372/1 David Garnett's books represent a special taste for the intellectual epicure. 1997 J. W. de Sherbinin Chekhov & Russ. Relig. Culture v. 107 Vladimir Mayakovsky was one of the few writers to recognize in Chekhov a fellow literary epicure. B. adj. (attributive). That is an epicure (in various senses); epicurean. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > gastronomy > [adjective] > devoted to gastronomy lickerousc1315 lickerish?a1500 epicure1545 friand1598 fine-toothed1601 tender-mouthed1620 turtle-eating1760 gastronomous1828 turtle-feeding1834 gastrophilite1835 turtle-fed1847 turtly1868 1545 G. Joye Expos. Daniel (xii.) f. 226 Antiochus gaue the bisshoprik of Ierusalem to the epicure preistis. 1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares f. 89^v Like one of Rome's Epicure Emperors. 1827 Christian Gleaner Feb. 48 They fearlessly made the whole round of the table,—And ate all the viands,—those epicure mice! 1835 Metrop. Mag. Nov. 294 The epicure crab was feeding upon the dish, man, below, whilst epicure man was feeding upon dished-up crab above. 1911 Vogue 15 Apr. 65/3 Retaining the essentials of the simple life..and the epicure tastes which make quality instead of quantity an essential of our menus. 1949 N.Y. Times 6 Apr. 36/5 A utensil..is being revived for the use of epicure-cooks. It is called a gaufrette or pizelle iron. 1998 C. McCauley in J. Goldstein Why we Watch vii. 144 The monkey is hammered unconscious on camera, its skull opened, and its still-pulsing brains served onto platters for the epicure diners. Derivatives † epicure-like adj. and adv. Obsolete ΚΠ 1550 T. Becon Fortresse of Faythfull sig. C.iii The banketting is tomuch Epicurelike. 1589 R. Greene Menaphon sig. H3 Democles..spent his time Epicure-like in all kinde of pleasures. 1661 S. Pepys Diary 3 May (1970) II. 93 The exceeding unmannerly and most epicurelike palate of Mr. Creed. 1749 W. Hawkins Henry & Rosamond iii. i. 38 At pinching Hunger's Importunity Epicure-like devours his savoury Fragment. 1853 C. Dickens Bleak House vi. 53 I have the epicure-like feeling. 1896 Galveston (Texas) Daily News 24 Nov. 8/2 The jaded palate of New York swelldom turns uneasily from one musical treat to another, and, epicure like, rejects most of the good. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † epicurev. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: epicure n. Etymology: < epicure n. Compare earlier epicurize v. Obsolete. Somewhat rare. transitive (reflexive). To overindulge oneself; to enjoy sensual pleasure to excess. Also in to epicure it in same sense. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > gastronomy > be epicure [verb (intransitive)] epicurize1600 to love the tooth1610 to epicure it1628 to eat well1677 opsophagize1854 the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > gastronomy > be epicure [verb (reflexive)] epicure1628 1628 O. Felltham Resolves: 2nd Cent. xli. sig. P6^v It [sc. the body] would complaine of loathing and satiety. And so would the soule if it did euer epicure it selfe in ioy. 1637 R. Monro Exped. Scots Regim. i. 52 Miserable man never thinkes of his end, till it be too late, ever epicuring our selves with this worlds joy, till at last we are seazed on unawares. 1655 T. Fuller Hist. Univ. Cambr. ii. 40 in Church-hist. Brit. They did Epicure it in daily exceedings. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2020). < n.adj.a1450v.1628
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epicuren.adj.

Derivatives

† epicurev.