burburrn.

Brit.

/bəː/, U.S.

/bər/

Forms: Middle English borre, Middle English–1600s burre, 1500s– bur, 1600s– burr.

Etymology: apparently identical or cognate with Danish borre bur, burdock, Swedish borre sea-urchin, and in combination kard-borre burdock, though the word is not found in Old Norse, nor in English before the 14th cent. A derivation < French bourre ‘rough hair, flock of wool’, labours under the difficulty that the French word is not found ever to have had the sense which English bur shares with Danish and Swedish borre; nor does the English word show the wider sense of French bourre. The spelling of this and various other words or senses of words, phonetically and perhaps even etymologically identical with it, is very unsettled. See especially burr n.⁴

a. Any rough or prickly seed-vessel or flower-head of a plant: esp. the flower-head of the Burdock ( Arctium lappa); also, the small seed-vessel of the Goose-grass ( Galium aparine) and other plants; the husk of the chestnut.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > seed > seed-vessel or pericarp > [noun] > bur or prickly seed vessel

burc1330

buzz1612

hedgehog1712

sweetheart1750

tuzzy-muzzy1842

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > edible nuts or nut-trees > [noun] > chestnut > shell of

burc1330

urchin rind1688

c1330 Arth. & Merl. 8290 Togider thai cleued..So with other doth the burre.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 56 Burre, lappa, glis.

?1544 J. Heywood Foure PP sig. D.iii^v Hys eares as ruged as burres.

a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) i. iii. 13 They are but burs, Cosen, throwne vpon thee in holiday foolerie..our very petty-coates will catch them.

1684 R. Waller tr. Ess. Nat. Exper. Acad. del Cimento 87 Like the Burre or Husk of a Chest~nut.

1779 M. Delany Autobiogr. & Corr. (1862) 2nd Ser. II. 425 Goose grass or cleavers..does not bear burrs (which are the seed vessels) till after the time of its flowring.

c1817 J. Hogg Tales & Sketches III. 316 The burr of a Scots thistle.

1861 A. Pratt Flowering Plants & Ferns Great Brit. III. 87 Fruits, beset with prickles, are truly burs, clinging very readily to any object.

1874 E. P. Roe Opening Chestnut Burr xiii She took the burr from his hand and plucking out the chestnut tossed the burr away.

b. to stick (cleave, cling, etc.) like a bur.

ΘΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > attachment > be or become attached or affixed [verb (intransitive)] > remain attached > adhere

cleavec897

to stick (cleave, cling, etc.) like a burc1330

sita1398

clinga1400

clengec1400

engleim?1440

adhere1557

clag1563

clasp1569

clencha1600

clung1601

clam1610

yclingec1620

affix1695

clinch1793

to stick (to one) like wax1809

cleam-

c1330 [see sense 1a].

c1530 A. Barclay Egloges ii. sig. Kiij To gyther they cleue more fast than do burres.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) i. iii. 189 I am a kind of Burre, I shal sticke.

1712 J. Arbuthnot John Bull Still in Senses vii. 30 When a Fellow stuck like a Bur, that there was no shaking him off.

1810 G. Crabbe Borough v. 71 Friends who will hang like Burrs upon his Coat.

1865 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire (new ed.) VIII. lxiv. 81 It fastens itself like a burr on the memory.

c. The female catkin or ‘cone’ of the hop before fertilization. [Possibly a different word: in French the vine when coming into bud is said to be en bourre; cf. 5 ]

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > climbing or creeping plants > [noun] > hop-plant > parts of

hopc1440

gut1573

bell1594

hop-boll1652

hop-vine1707

bine1727

hop-bind1733

bind1792

hop-bine1813

lupulin1823

bur1832

rough bine1846

pin1885

1832 J. Baxter Libr. Agric. & Hort. Knowl. (ed. 2) 326 The male hop has its..pollen, previously perfected, so as to impregnate the stigma or burr of the female.

1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 403 About the middle of this month [sc. July] the hop..begins to put forth bloom, which is called ‘coming out into bur’.

1881 C. Whitehead Hops 51 It is worse than useless to wash the plants after they are in burr, or blossom.

2. Any plant which produces burs, esp. Arctium lappa (the Burdock), and the genus Xanthium.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > weed > [noun] > burdock(s)

clotea700

bardanc1250

cletec1425

bur1480

clot-bur1548

burdock1597

clite1597

clithe1597

hardock1608

cuckold1698

hurr-burr1796

hare-bur1866

flapper-bag1871

1480 Cath. Angl. 48 A Burre..paliurus.

1562 W. Bullein Bk. Simples f. 30^v, in Bulwarke of Defence The great Burre, which is more commonly knowen, then commended.

1585 H. Llwyd tr. Pope John XXI Treasury of Health (new ed.) sig. F viij The rote of a little burre sodden in Vinegar.

1637 J. Milton Comus 13 Where may she wander now,..Amongst rude burs and thistles?

1815 M. Elphinstone Acct. Kingdom Caubul Introd. 25 We found ourselves..among sand hills, stunted bushes, burs, and phoke.

1842 Ld. Tennyson Day-dream in Poems (new ed.) II. 151 Bur and brake and briar.

3. figurative. That which clings like a bur; a thing or person difficult to get rid of or ‘shake off’.

ΘΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > [noun] > encumberment > that which or one who > hard to get rid of

bur1600

old man of the sea1712

Old Man of the Mountain1841

albatross1883

1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. ii. 261 Hang of thou cat, thou bur .

1633 T. Heywood Eng. Trav. iii, in Wks. (1874) IV. 51 This burre will still cleaue to me; what, no meanes To shake him off?

1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Burre, a Hanger on, or Dependant.

1826 J. Wilson Noctes Ambrosianae xxv, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Apr. 493 The burr has a pawky expression that's no canny.

4. figurative. ‘Bur in the throat’: anything that appears to stick in the throat or that produces a choking sensation, accumulation of phlegm, huskiness; ‘a lump in the throat’.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > manifestation of emotion > [noun] > physical feeling resulting from emotion > tightness in throat

bur1393

knot1859

a lump in one's throat1863

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered breathing > [noun] > noisy breathing > hoarseness or croaking in throat

quackc1390

bur1393

raucedity1599

rattling1779

frog in the throat1847

stridor1876

1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xx. 306 Smoke and smorþre..Til he be bler-eyed oþer blynde · and þe borre [v.r. burre] in hus þrote.

1609 Euerie Woman in her Humor sig. F2 Theres hemming indeede like a Cat..with a burre in her throate.

1641 J. Milton Reason Church-govt. Concl. 62 Their honest..natures comming to the Universities..were sent home again with..a scholastical burre in their throats.

1750 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 11 Jan. (1932) (modernized text) IV. 1489 I hemmed once or twice (for it gave me a burr in my throat).

a. A knob or knot in a tree; also, one of the ‘buds’ or pimples characteristic of the farcy. [Perhaps a distinct word: compare French bourre vine-bud (see 1c) bourrelet ‘round swelling on a tree’.]

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > part of tree or woody plant > wood > [noun] > knot

knara1382

warrec1407

knob1440

knot?1523

knur1542

pin1545

knag1555

snar1611

bur-knot1618

bur1725

gnarl1824

burl1885

snarla1891

1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Maple That which is fullest of Knots and Burs is of greatest Value.

1725 London Gaz. No. 6397/2 Several Burs, Remains of the Farcy.

1869 M. T. Masters Veg. Teratol. 347 The large ‘gnaurs’ or ‘burrs’, met with in elms, etc., also in certain varieties of apples.

b. An ornamental veneering wood or veneer, esp. of walnut, containing knots. Also attributive, as burr-walnut. Cf. burl n.¹ 4b.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > [noun] > wood for other specific uses

mazera1200

waywoodware1334

piling1422

tenter-timber1562

pinwood1580

mazer wood1594

stop-rice1653

pudlay1679

puncheon1686

veneer1702

pit-wood1715

broach-wood1835

chipwood1838

matchwood1838

fretwood1881

pulpwood1881

coffin-wood1883

bur1885

spool-wood1895

1885 Spons' Mechanics' Own Bk. 357 Walnut burrs are best cut with scissors.

1901 Tradesman's Catal. 1 Bedroom Suite, in solid American Walnut and Burr.

1908 Daily Report 5 Sept. 8/2 A burr-walnut armoire.

1923 Daily Mail 23 Jan. 1 Sideboard in oak..with finely figured panels of burr walnut.

1938 Times 17 Oct. 8/5 The cabinet work is in two shades of burr walnut.

a. The rounded knob forming the base of a deer's horn. [Compare burl n.¹, bud of a deer's horn.]

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > male > [noun] > body and parts > antler > bone at base of

cabbagec1560

bur1575

pearl1575

pedicel1883

coronet1898

1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie lxxix. 236 The rounde roll of pyrled horne that is next to the head of an Harte is called the Burre.

1677 N. Cox Gentleman's Recreation (ed. 2) i. 69 The Bur is next the Head; and that which is about the Bur, is called Pearls.

1738 S. Dale in Philos. Trans. 1735–6 (Royal Soc.) 39 386 The Moose hath a branched Brow-Antler between the Burr and the Palm.

1828 J. Stark Elements Nat. Hist. I. 148 Horns..with a branch above the burr pointing forward.

b. (See quot. 1753.)

ΘΠ

the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > beef > [noun] > piece adhering to hide

bur1753

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Burrs denote bits of flesh adjoining to the horns of a beef's hide, cut off by poor women after it is brought to market.

7. dialect. See quots. [? < sense 1]

ΚΠ

1863 J. C. Atkinson Provinc. Danby Bur, the stone or other obstacle placed behind the wheel.

1875 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Words Whitby Bur, (1) an impediment; an annoyance; (2) the drag-chain and shoe for fastening up a carriage wheel when going down a hill.

Compounds

C1. General attributive. See also burdock n.

bur-breeding n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > seed > seed-vessel or pericarp > [adjective] > of a bur > having burs

burry1468

bur-breeding1630

1630 M. Drayton Muses Elizium iii. 30 By the rough Burbreeding docks, Rancker then the oldest Fox.

bur-head n.

1840 R. Browning Sordello v. 412 ‘Spear-heads for battle, burr-heads for the joust.’

† bur hull n. Obsolete

1483 Cath. Angl. 48 A Burre hylle, lappetum, est locus vbi crescunt lappe.

bur-leaf n.

1631 Bp. J. Hall Occas. Medit. (ed. 2) (2nd state) § cxiii, (table) Vpon a Bur-leafe.

1833 in Hist. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 1 No. 1. 29.

bur-root n.

1638 tr. F. Bacon Hist. Life & Death 290 Asparagus, Pith of Artichoakes, and Burre-roots, boiled.

C2.

bur-bark n. the fibrous bark of Triumfetta semi-triloba, a tropical shrub bearing prickly fruits or burs.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > shrubs > non-British shrubs > [noun] > tropical > other tropical shrubs

bur-bark1756

kalanchoe1830

Pernettya1835

paper flower1892

1756 P. Browne Civil & Nat. Hist. Jamaica ii. ii. 233 The Bur-Bark... The plant is common in Jamaica.

bur-flag n. = bur-reed n.

bur-grass n. Scottish ? a species of Carex.

ΚΠ

1834 Brit. Husbandry (Libr. Useful Knowl.) I. i. xxix. 463 A coarse kind of grass called ‘bur-grass’.

bur-knot n. = 6:

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > part of tree or woody plant > wood > [noun] > knot

knara1382

warrec1407

knob1440

knot?1523

knur1542

pin1545

knag1555

snar1611

bur-knot1618

bur1725

gnarl1824

burl1885

snarla1891

1618 W. Lawson New Orchard & Garden vii. 15 A bur-knot..taken from an Apple tree.

bur-marigold n. popular name of the genus Bidens.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Compositae (composite plants) > [noun] > bur-marigold

agrimony1578

water agrimony1597

black jack1876

bur-marigold1879

1879 R. C. A. Prior On Pop. Names Brit. Plants (ed. 3) Bur Marigold, a composite flower allied to the marigold, with seeds that adhere to the clothes like burrs.

† bur-nettle n. Obsolete perhaps Urtica pilulifera.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Urticaceae (nettle and allies) > [noun]

nettleeOE

dock-nettlea1300

Greekish nettlec1450

Roman nettle1578

red nettle1611

ettle1688

urtica1706

bur-nettle1714

pill nettle1714

nettle plant1764

richweed1814

clearweed1822

sting-nettle1822

ongaonga1842

nettlewort1846

urtical1846

jinny1876

1714 J. Petiver in Philos. Trans. 1713 (Royal Soc.) 28 36 Common Bur-Nettle.

bur oak n. a North American variety of oak (Quercus macrocarpa), so called from the appearance of the acorn; = mossy-cup oak n. at mossy adj. and n. Compounds 2, overcup n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > oak and allies > [noun] > other oaks

red oakOE

cerre-tree1577

gall-tree1597

robur1601

kermes1605

live oak1610

white oak1610

royal oak1616

swamp-oak1683

grey oak1697

rock oak1699

chestnut oak1703

water oak1709

Spanish oak1716

turkey-oak1717

willow oak1717

iron oak1724

maiden oak1725

scarlet oak1738

black jack1765

post oak1775

durmast1791

mountain chestnut oak1801

quercitron oak1803

laurel oak1810

mossy-cup oak1810

rock chestnut oak1810

pin oak1812

overcup oak1814

overcup white oak1814

bur oak1815

jack oak1816

mountain oak1818

shingle-oak1818

gall-oak1835

peach oak1835

golden oak1838

weeping oak1838

Aleppo oak1845

Italian oak1858

dyer's oak1861

Gambel's Oak1878

maul oak1884

punk oak1884

sessile oak1906

Garry oak1908

roble1908

1815 D. Drake Nat. & Statist. View Cincinnati ii. 82 The most valuable timber trees are the..bur oaks.

1831 J. M. Peck Guide for Emigrants ii. 122 Several oaks—as, over cup bur oak, [etc.].

1845 J. Gregg Commerce of Prairies II. 194 Large black and bur-oak.

1876 Encycl. Brit. IV. 704/2 The bur oak (Q. lobata).

1882 Econ. Geol. Illinois II. 3 The timber..consists principally of the swamps white oak, pin oak, bur oak, [etc.].

1818 in Trans. Illinois State Hist. Soc. (1910) 157 The most common Timber is..Pin and Burrh Oak, Walnut, [etc.].1834 C. F. Hoffman Let. 15 Jan. in Winter in West (1835) I. 260 A pile of bur-oak, which makes a capital fire, flames up the enormous wooden chimney before me.1848 J. F. Cooper Oak Openings I. i. 10 The trees..were what is called the ‘burr-oak’, a small variety of a very extensive genus.1861 Trans. Illinois State Agric. Soc. 1859–60 4 452 Railroad men regard it as only second to the Burr Oak for railroad ties.1873 Congress. Rec. Jan. App. 7/3 Large quantities of live-oak, white-oak, burr-oak.1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 808/1 The burr oak (Q. macrocarpa) has almost as wide a range as the white oak.1962 3rd Internat. Art Treasures Exhib. (Victoria & Albert Mus.) 55/1 A Louis XV Tortoiseshell Casket on burr oak.1840 in Trans. Mich. Agric. Soc. (1855) 6 275 Marl was examined..in a dry burr oak plain.

bur-parsley n. the genus Caucalis, esp. C. daucoides, an umbelliferous weed with prickly fruit.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > weed > [noun] > bur-parsley

bastard parsley1548

hen's foot1597

hedge parsley1633

bur-parsley1865

1865 C. A. Johns in Treasury Bot. I. 241 The Bur Parsley..is a British plant, growing in corn-fields in a chalky soil.

bur-reed n. common name of the genus Sparganium.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > reed or the reed plant > reed-like plants

bead-sedge1562

knop-sedge1562

reed-grass1578

bur-reed1597

reed bent grass1781

reed bent1859

1597 J. Gerard Herball i. 41 These plants of some are called Sparganium... I rather call them Burre Reede.

1754 J. Hill Useful Family Herbal 55 Bur-reed, a Common Water Plant, with..rough Heads of Seeds.

1883 G. C. Davies in Pall Mall Gaz. 26 Oct. 4/2 The eye to see beauty in bur-reeds and sweet-sedges.

bur-thistle n. Carduus lanceolatus, also called Spear-thistle.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Compositae (composite plants) > [noun] > thistles

thistlec725

carduea1398

wolf's-thistlea1400

cardoona1425

wolf-thistle1526

cotton-thistle1548

gum-thistle1548

oat thistle1548

black chameleon1551

ixia1551

Saint Mary thistle1552

milk thistle1562

cow-thistle1565

bedeguar1578

carline1578

silver thistle1578

white chameleon1578

globe thistle1582

ball thistle1597

down thistle1597

friar's crown1597

lady's thistle1597

gummy thistle1598

man's blood1601

musk thistle1633

melancholy thistle1653

Scotch thistle1660

boar-thistle1714

spear- thistle1753

gentle thistle1760

woolly thistle1760

wool-thistle1769

bur-thistlea1796

Canada thistle1796

pine thistle1807

plume thistle1814

melancholy plume thistle1825

woolly-headed thistle1843

dog thistle1845

dwarf thistle1846

welted thistle1846

pixie glove1858

Mexican thistle1866

Syrian thistle1866

bull thistle1878

fish belly1878

fish-bone-thistle1882

green thistle1882

herringbone thistle1884

Californian thistle1891

winged thistle1915

fish-thistles-

a1796 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 326 The rough bur-thistle spreading wide.

bur-weed n. Xanthium strumarium; also other plants producing burs, as Galium aparine (Goose-grass), Caucalis nodosa, and the genus Triumfetta.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > weed > [noun] > bur-weed

clot-bur1548

ditch-bur1548

louse-burr1578

button-bur1634

bur-weed1783

clotweed1804

sea-burdock1845

Bathurst burr1855

Noogoora burr1883

1783 Ainsworth's Thes. Linguæ Latinæ (new ed.) i. at Burr Burrweed, Sparganium ramosum.

1882 G. Allen Colours of Flowers iv. 84 Unless..like..Xanthium strumarium, burweed, they have declined as far as colourless or green florets.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	bur
释义	burburrn. Brit. /bəː/, U.S. /bər/ Forms: Middle English borre, Middle English–1600s burre, 1500s– bur, 1600s– burr. Etymology: apparently identical or cognate with Danish borre bur, burdock, Swedish borre sea-urchin, and in combination kard-borre burdock, though the word is not found in Old Norse, nor in English before the 14th cent. A derivation < French bourre ‘rough hair, flock of wool’, labours under the difficulty that the French word is not found ever to have had the sense which English bur shares with Danish and Swedish borre; nor does the English word show the wider sense of French bourre. The spelling of this and various other words or senses of words, phonetically and perhaps even etymologically identical with it, is very unsettled. See especially burr n.⁴ 1. a. Any rough or prickly seed-vessel or flower-head of a plant: esp. the flower-head of the Burdock ( Arctium lappa); also, the small seed-vessel of the Goose-grass ( Galium aparine) and other plants; the husk of the chestnut. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > seed > seed-vessel or pericarp > [noun] > bur or prickly seed vessel burc1330 buzz1612 hedgehog1712 sweetheart1750 tuzzy-muzzy1842 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > edible nuts or nut-trees > [noun] > chestnut > shell of burc1330 urchin rind1688 c1330 Arth. & Merl. 8290 Togider thai cleued..So with other doth the burre. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 56 Burre, lappa, glis. ?1544 J. Heywood Foure PP sig. D.iii^v Hys eares as ruged as burres. a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) i. iii. 13 They are but burs, Cosen, throwne vpon thee in holiday foolerie..our very petty-coates will catch them. View more context for this quotation 1684 R. Waller tr. Ess. Nat. Exper. Acad. del Cimento 87 Like the Burre or Husk of a Chest~nut. 1779 M. Delany Autobiogr. & Corr. (1862) 2nd Ser. II. 425 Goose grass or cleavers..does not bear burrs (which are the seed vessels) till after the time of its flowring. c1817 J. Hogg Tales & Sketches III. 316 The burr of a Scots thistle. 1861 A. Pratt Flowering Plants & Ferns Great Brit. III. 87 Fruits, beset with prickles, are truly burs, clinging very readily to any object. 1874 E. P. Roe Opening Chestnut Burr xiii She took the burr from his hand and plucking out the chestnut tossed the burr away. b. to stick (cleave, cling, etc.) like a bur. ΘΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > attachment > be or become attached or affixed [verb (intransitive)] > remain attached > adhere cleavec897 to stick (cleave, cling, etc.) like a burc1330 sita1398 clinga1400 clengec1400 engleim?1440 adhere1557 clag1563 clasp1569 clencha1600 clung1601 clam1610 yclingec1620 affix1695 clinch1793 to stick (to one) like wax1809 cleam- c1330 [see sense 1a]. c1530 A. Barclay Egloges ii. sig. Kiij To gyther they cleue more fast than do burres. a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) i. iii. 189 I am a kind of Burre, I shal sticke. View more context for this quotation 1712 J. Arbuthnot John Bull Still in Senses vii. 30 When a Fellow stuck like a Bur, that there was no shaking him off. 1810 G. Crabbe Borough v. 71 Friends who will hang like Burrs upon his Coat. 1865 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire (new ed.) VIII. lxiv. 81 It fastens itself like a burr on the memory. c. The female catkin or ‘cone’ of the hop before fertilization. [Possibly a different word: in French the vine when coming into bud is said to be en bourre; cf. 5 ] ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > climbing or creeping plants > [noun] > hop-plant > parts of hopc1440 gut1573 bell1594 hop-boll1652 hop-vine1707 bine1727 hop-bind1733 bind1792 hop-bine1813 lupulin1823 bur1832 rough bine1846 pin1885 1832 J. Baxter Libr. Agric. & Hort. Knowl. (ed. 2) 326 The male hop has its..pollen, previously perfected, so as to impregnate the stigma or burr of the female. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 403 About the middle of this month [sc. July] the hop..begins to put forth bloom, which is called ‘coming out into bur’. 1881 C. Whitehead Hops 51 It is worse than useless to wash the plants after they are in burr, or blossom. 2. Any plant which produces burs, esp. Arctium lappa (the Burdock), and the genus Xanthium. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > weed > [noun] > burdock(s) clotea700 bardanc1250 cletec1425 bur1480 clot-bur1548 burdock1597 clite1597 clithe1597 hardock1608 cuckold1698 hurr-burr1796 hare-bur1866 flapper-bag1871 1480 Cath. Angl. 48 A Burre..paliurus. 1562 W. Bullein Bk. Simples f. 30^v, in Bulwarke of Defence The great Burre, which is more commonly knowen, then commended. 1585 H. Llwyd tr. Pope John XXI Treasury of Health (new ed.) sig. F viij The rote of a little burre sodden in Vinegar. 1637 J. Milton Comus 13 Where may she wander now,..Amongst rude burs and thistles? 1815 M. Elphinstone Acct. Kingdom Caubul Introd. 25 We found ourselves..among sand hills, stunted bushes, burs, and phoke. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Day-dream in Poems (new ed.) II. 151 Bur and brake and briar. 3. figurative. That which clings like a bur; a thing or person difficult to get rid of or ‘shake off’. ΘΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > [noun] > encumberment > that which or one who > hard to get rid of bur1600 old man of the sea1712 Old Man of the Mountain1841 albatross1883 1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. ii. 261 Hang of thou cat, thou bur . View more context for this quotation 1633 T. Heywood Eng. Trav. iii, in Wks. (1874) IV. 51 This burre will still cleaue to me; what, no meanes To shake him off? 1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Burre, a Hanger on, or Dependant. 1826 J. Wilson Noctes Ambrosianae xxv, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Apr. 493 The burr has a pawky expression that's no canny. 4. figurative. ‘Bur in the throat’: anything that appears to stick in the throat or that produces a choking sensation, accumulation of phlegm, huskiness; ‘a lump in the throat’. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > manifestation of emotion > [noun] > physical feeling resulting from emotion > tightness in throat bur1393 knot1859 a lump in one's throat1863 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered breathing > [noun] > noisy breathing > hoarseness or croaking in throat quackc1390 bur1393 raucedity1599 rattling1779 frog in the throat1847 stridor1876 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xx. 306 Smoke and smorþre..Til he be bler-eyed oþer blynde · and þe borre [v.r. burre] in hus þrote. 1609 Euerie Woman in her Humor sig. F2 Theres hemming indeede like a Cat..with a burre in her throate. 1641 J. Milton Reason Church-govt. Concl. 62 Their honest..natures comming to the Universities..were sent home again with..a scholastical burre in their throats. 1750 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 11 Jan. (1932) (modernized text) IV. 1489 I hemmed once or twice (for it gave me a burr in my throat). 5. a. A knob or knot in a tree; also, one of the ‘buds’ or pimples characteristic of the farcy. [Perhaps a distinct word: compare French bourre vine-bud (see 1c) bourrelet ‘round swelling on a tree’.] ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > part of tree or woody plant > wood > [noun] > knot knara1382 warrec1407 knob1440 knot?1523 knur1542 pin1545 knag1555 snar1611 bur-knot1618 bur1725 gnarl1824 burl1885 snarla1891 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Maple That which is fullest of Knots and Burs is of greatest Value. 1725 London Gaz. No. 6397/2 Several Burs, Remains of the Farcy. 1869 M. T. Masters Veg. Teratol. 347 The large ‘gnaurs’ or ‘burrs’, met with in elms, etc., also in certain varieties of apples. b. An ornamental veneering wood or veneer, esp. of walnut, containing knots. Also attributive, as burr-walnut. Cf. burl n.¹ 4b. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > [noun] > wood for other specific uses mazera1200 waywoodware1334 piling1422 tenter-timber1562 pinwood1580 mazer wood1594 stop-rice1653 pudlay1679 puncheon1686 veneer1702 pit-wood1715 broach-wood1835 chipwood1838 matchwood1838 fretwood1881 pulpwood1881 coffin-wood1883 bur1885 spool-wood1895 1885 Spons' Mechanics' Own Bk. 357 Walnut burrs are best cut with scissors. 1901 Tradesman's Catal. 1 Bedroom Suite, in solid American Walnut and Burr. 1908 Daily Report 5 Sept. 8/2 A burr-walnut armoire. 1923 Daily Mail 23 Jan. 1 Sideboard in oak..with finely figured panels of burr walnut. 1938 Times 17 Oct. 8/5 The cabinet work is in two shades of burr walnut. 6. a. The rounded knob forming the base of a deer's horn. [Compare burl n.¹, bud of a deer's horn.] ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > male > [noun] > body and parts > antler > bone at base of cabbagec1560 bur1575 pearl1575 pedicel1883 coronet1898 1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie lxxix. 236 The rounde roll of pyrled horne that is next to the head of an Harte is called the Burre. 1677 N. Cox Gentleman's Recreation (ed. 2) i. 69 The Bur is next the Head; and that which is about the Bur, is called Pearls. 1738 S. Dale in Philos. Trans. 1735–6 (Royal Soc.) 39 386 The Moose hath a branched Brow-Antler between the Burr and the Palm. 1828 J. Stark Elements Nat. Hist. I. 148 Horns..with a branch above the burr pointing forward. b. (See quot. 1753.) ΘΠ the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > beef > [noun] > piece adhering to hide bur1753 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Burrs denote bits of flesh adjoining to the horns of a beef's hide, cut off by poor women after it is brought to market. 7. dialect. See quots. [? < sense 1] ΚΠ 1863 J. C. Atkinson Provinc. Danby Bur, the stone or other obstacle placed behind the wheel. 1875 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Words Whitby Bur, (1) an impediment; an annoyance; (2) the drag-chain and shoe for fastening up a carriage wheel when going down a hill. Compounds C1. General attributive. See also burdock n. bur-breeding n. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > seed > seed-vessel or pericarp > [adjective] > of a bur > having burs burry1468 bur-breeding1630 1630 M. Drayton Muses Elizium iii. 30 By the rough Burbreeding docks, Rancker then the oldest Fox. bur-head n. Π 1840 R. Browning Sordello v. 412 ‘Spear-heads for battle, burr-heads for the joust.’ † bur hull n. Obsolete Π 1483 Cath. Angl. 48 A Burre hylle, lappetum, est locus vbi crescunt lappe. bur-leaf n. Π 1631 Bp. J. Hall Occas. Medit. (ed. 2) (2nd state) § cxiii, (table) Vpon a Bur-leafe. 1833 in Hist. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 1 No. 1. 29. bur-root n. Π 1638 tr. F. Bacon Hist. Life & Death 290 Asparagus, Pith of Artichoakes, and Burre-roots, boiled. C2. bur-bark n. the fibrous bark of Triumfetta semi-triloba, a tropical shrub bearing prickly fruits or burs. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > shrubs > non-British shrubs > [noun] > tropical > other tropical shrubs bur-bark1756 kalanchoe1830 Pernettya1835 paper flower1892 1756 P. Browne Civil & Nat. Hist. Jamaica ii. ii. 233 The Bur-Bark... The plant is common in Jamaica. bur-flag n. = bur-reed n. bur-grass n. Scottish ? a species of Carex. ΚΠ 1834 Brit. Husbandry (Libr. Useful Knowl.) I. i. xxix. 463 A coarse kind of grass called ‘bur-grass’. bur-knot n. = 6: ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > part of tree or woody plant > wood > [noun] > knot knara1382 warrec1407 knob1440 knot?1523 knur1542 pin1545 knag1555 snar1611 bur-knot1618 bur1725 gnarl1824 burl1885 snarla1891 1618 W. Lawson New Orchard & Garden vii. 15 A bur-knot..taken from an Apple tree. bur-marigold n. popular name of the genus Bidens. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Compositae (composite plants) > [noun] > bur-marigold agrimony1578 water agrimony1597 black jack1876 bur-marigold1879 1879 R. C. A. Prior On Pop. Names Brit. Plants (ed. 3) Bur Marigold, a composite flower allied to the marigold, with seeds that adhere to the clothes like burrs. † bur-nettle n. Obsolete perhaps Urtica pilulifera. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Urticaceae (nettle and allies) > [noun] nettleeOE dock-nettlea1300 Greekish nettlec1450 Roman nettle1578 red nettle1611 ettle1688 urtica1706 bur-nettle1714 pill nettle1714 nettle plant1764 richweed1814 clearweed1822 sting-nettle1822 ongaonga1842 nettlewort1846 urtical1846 jinny1876 1714 J. Petiver in Philos. Trans. 1713 (Royal Soc.) 28 36 Common Bur-Nettle. bur oak n. a North American variety of oak (Quercus macrocarpa), so called from the appearance of the acorn; = mossy-cup oak n. at mossy adj. and n. Compounds 2, overcup n. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > oak and allies > [noun] > other oaks red oakOE cerre-tree1577 gall-tree1597 robur1601 kermes1605 live oak1610 white oak1610 royal oak1616 swamp-oak1683 grey oak1697 rock oak1699 chestnut oak1703 water oak1709 Spanish oak1716 turkey-oak1717 willow oak1717 iron oak1724 maiden oak1725 scarlet oak1738 black jack1765 post oak1775 durmast1791 mountain chestnut oak1801 quercitron oak1803 laurel oak1810 mossy-cup oak1810 rock chestnut oak1810 pin oak1812 overcup oak1814 overcup white oak1814 bur oak1815 jack oak1816 mountain oak1818 shingle-oak1818 gall-oak1835 peach oak1835 golden oak1838 weeping oak1838 Aleppo oak1845 Italian oak1858 dyer's oak1861 Gambel's Oak1878 maul oak1884 punk oak1884 sessile oak1906 Garry oak1908 roble1908 1815 D. Drake Nat. & Statist. View Cincinnati ii. 82 The most valuable timber trees are the..bur oaks. 1831 J. M. Peck Guide for Emigrants ii. 122 Several oaks—as, over cup bur oak, [etc.]. 1845 J. Gregg Commerce of Prairies II. 194 Large black and bur-oak. 1876 Encycl. Brit. IV. 704/2 The bur oak (Q. lobata). 1882 Econ. Geol. Illinois II. 3 The timber..consists principally of the swamps white oak, pin oak, bur oak, [etc.]. 1818 in Trans. Illinois State Hist. Soc. (1910) 157 The most common Timber is..Pin and Burrh Oak, Walnut, [etc.].1834 C. F. Hoffman Let. 15 Jan. in Winter in West (1835) I. 260 A pile of bur-oak, which makes a capital fire, flames up the enormous wooden chimney before me.1848 J. F. Cooper Oak Openings I. i. 10 The trees..were what is called the ‘burr-oak’, a small variety of a very extensive genus.1861 Trans. Illinois State Agric. Soc. 1859–60 4 452 Railroad men regard it as only second to the Burr Oak for railroad ties.1873 Congress. Rec. Jan. App. 7/3 Large quantities of live-oak, white-oak, burr-oak.1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 808/1 The burr oak (Q. macrocarpa) has almost as wide a range as the white oak.1962 3rd Internat. Art Treasures Exhib. (Victoria & Albert Mus.) 55/1 A Louis XV Tortoiseshell Casket on burr oak.1840 in Trans. Mich. Agric. Soc. (1855) 6 275 Marl was examined..in a dry burr oak plain. bur-parsley n. the genus Caucalis, esp. C. daucoides, an umbelliferous weed with prickly fruit. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > weed > [noun] > bur-parsley bastard parsley1548 hen's foot1597 hedge parsley1633 bur-parsley1865 1865 C. A. Johns in Treasury Bot. I. 241 The Bur Parsley..is a British plant, growing in corn-fields in a chalky soil. bur-reed n. common name of the genus Sparganium. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > reed or the reed plant > reed-like plants bead-sedge1562 knop-sedge1562 reed-grass1578 bur-reed1597 reed bent grass1781 reed bent1859 1597 J. Gerard Herball i. 41 These plants of some are called Sparganium... I rather call them Burre Reede. 1754 J. Hill Useful Family Herbal 55 Bur-reed, a Common Water Plant, with..rough Heads of Seeds. 1883 G. C. Davies in Pall Mall Gaz. 26 Oct. 4/2 The eye to see beauty in bur-reeds and sweet-sedges. bur-thistle n. Carduus lanceolatus, also called Spear-thistle. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Compositae (composite plants) > [noun] > thistles thistlec725 carduea1398 wolf's-thistlea1400 cardoona1425 wolf-thistle1526 cotton-thistle1548 gum-thistle1548 oat thistle1548 black chameleon1551 ixia1551 Saint Mary thistle1552 milk thistle1562 cow-thistle1565 bedeguar1578 carline1578 silver thistle1578 white chameleon1578 globe thistle1582 ball thistle1597 down thistle1597 friar's crown1597 lady's thistle1597 gummy thistle1598 man's blood1601 musk thistle1633 melancholy thistle1653 Scotch thistle1660 boar-thistle1714 spear- thistle1753 gentle thistle1760 woolly thistle1760 wool-thistle1769 bur-thistlea1796 Canada thistle1796 pine thistle1807 plume thistle1814 melancholy plume thistle1825 woolly-headed thistle1843 dog thistle1845 dwarf thistle1846 welted thistle1846 pixie glove1858 Mexican thistle1866 Syrian thistle1866 bull thistle1878 fish belly1878 fish-bone-thistle1882 green thistle1882 herringbone thistle1884 Californian thistle1891 winged thistle1915 fish-thistles- a1796 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 326 The rough bur-thistle spreading wide. bur-weed n. Xanthium strumarium; also other plants producing burs, as Galium aparine (Goose-grass), Caucalis nodosa, and the genus Triumfetta. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > weed > [noun] > bur-weed clot-bur1548 ditch-bur1548 louse-burr1578 button-bur1634 bur-weed1783 clotweed1804 sea-burdock1845 Bathurst burr1855 Noogoora burr1883 1783 Ainsworth's Thes. Linguæ Latinæ (new ed.) i. at Burr Burrweed, Sparganium ramosum. 1882 G. Allen Colours of Flowers iv. 84 Unless..like..Xanthium strumarium, burweed, they have declined as far as colourless or green florets. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021). burv.¹ Etymology: < bur n.: compare also burr n.⁷ transitive. To remove burs from (wool): see burring n. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online September 2018). burv.² Etymology: < bur n. 5. dialect. transitive. (See quots.). ΚΠ 1863 J. C. Atkinson Provinc. Danby Bur, to block or stop the wheel of a waggon or cart..by..a stone. 1876 C. C. Robinson Gloss. Words Dial. Mid-Yorks. Bur, to maintain an object in position by blockage or leverage, as..a partially raised weight is burred up from the ground with a crowbar. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online March 2022). > see also also refers to : burrburn.¹ also refers to : burrburn.² also refers to : burrburn.³ also refers to : burrburn.⁴ also refers to : burrburn.⁵ also refers to : burrburn.⁷ also refers to : burrburn.⁸ < n.c1330v.¹v.²1863 see also
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burburrn.

Compounds

burv.1

burv.2

> see also

burv.¹

burv.²