ean.

Brit.

/iː/,

/ɪə/, U.S.

/i/,

/ˈiə/

Forms:

α. early Old English eæ (dative), Old English e (genitive and dative), Old English e- (inflected form), Old English eae (accusative and dative and nominative plural), Old English eas (genitive), Old English eo- (in compounds), Old English ie (genitive and dative), Old English (genitive and dative and in compounds)–early Middle English æ, Old English–1500s ea, late Old English–early Middle English (in copy of Old English charter) æa, early Middle English a, Middle English eaa (in copy of Old English charter), late Middle English ee; English regional 1600s 1800s ee, 1700s– ea, 1800s eaa (north-western), 1800s ear (Nottinghamshire), 1800s eay (Northamptonshire), 1800s– eau, 1900s– ye (Lincolnshire).

β. Old English ia (rare), late Old English–early Middle English (in copy of Old English charter) gea, Middle English ya (in copy of Old English charter), Middle English yo (in copy of Old English charter).

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian ā , ē , Old Dutch ā , ē (Middle Dutch ā , ee , Dutch a ), Old Saxon aha (Middle Low German ā ), Old High German aha (Middle High German ahe ), Gothic ahwa , and with forms in the Scandinavian languages cited at aa n.¹ < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin aqua . Compare aa n.¹, yeo n.¹, ree n.² Inflection in Old English. The paradigm of the word in Old English shows much divergence and complexity; the loss of medial -h- and resulting contraction (and compensatory lengthening) of vowels led to very short word forms, in turn giving rise to analogical forms. The word is usually a strong feminine (ēa ), apparently inflecting as an athematic noun, showing inflected forms in the genitive and dative singular with i-mutation (early West Saxon īe ); however, it also often appears uninflected except in the dative plural. (Athematic inflection is not securely paralleled elsewhere in the Germanic languages.) Form history and use in place names. In English, as in most of the West Germanic languages, the word is common as an element in river names and place names. The form eau (usually pronounced /iː/) is probably a respelling of earlier ea , arising by association of the written form with French eau water (see eau n.). By contrast, the Lincolnshire river name Great Eau (1824 as Withern's Eau ; c1200 as A , Adic ) appears to show derivation ultimately from the early Scandinavian cognate (see aa n.¹). The β. forms show shift of stress within the diphthong and a resulting palatal on-glide. For reflexes of such forms in place names and in lexical use in mining in the south-west, see yeo n.¹ and discussion at that entry. Prepositional phrases such as Old English æt þǣre ēa ‘at the river’, bī þǣre ēa ‘by the river’ (compare quot. eOE) lie behind the common river name Rea , Ray and the noun ree n.² (see further discussion at that entry).

English regional (chiefly northern, Lincolnshire, and East Anglian) after Middle English.

A river; a body of running water; spec. (in the Fens, frequently in form eau), a drainage canal.Frequently in place names; compare discussion in etymology section.Quot. lOE probably refers to an arm or old course of the River Nene, perhaps the waterway later called Old South Eau; cf. quots. 1662, 1915.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > [noun] > river

floodc825

streamc875

eaeOE

water streamOE

flumec1175

fleamc1300

riverc1300

currentc1380

reea1500

ford1563

fluent1598

draught1601

nymph1605

amnic1623

flux1637

nullah1656

R1692

currency1758

silent highway1841

eOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker) anno 895 Þa sume dæge rad se cyng up bi þære eæ & gehawade hwær mon mehte þa ea forwyrcan..; & hie ða..worhton ða tu geweorc on twa healfe þære eas.

OE Ælfric Old Eng. Hexateuch: Gen. (Claud.) ii. 14 Þære ðriddan ea nama is Tygris... Seo feorðe ea is gehaten Eufrates.

lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough interpolation) anno 656 Fra Raggewilh v mile to þe rihte æ þe gað to Ælm.., & swa abutan iii mile to Þrokonholt..& fra Grætecros þurh an scyrwæter, Bradanæ hatte.

c1175 ( Homily: Hist. Holy Rood-tree (Bodl. 343) (1894) 18 He..ðær wunede ant on morȝen ðanon wende to iordanen þare æ.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 7091 Tær iss i þatt illke land, An. æ. saba ȝehatenn.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 702 In are swiðe feire æ þer Læire falleð i þa sæ..Brutus i þare hauene læi.

1417 in W. Hudson Rec. City of Norwich (1906) I. 321 [The fishery called] Trons Ee.

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 5464 All þe strands of þe streme stode full of stith reedis, Quare-of he beds..him bargis to make... Þan entirs in of his erles & ouire þe ee passis.

1578 in Fenland Notes & Queries (1903) 5 101 The land of Henry Adam esquire in the fenn of Tydd St. Maryes in the coy. of Lincoln unto the Ea between both shires of Lincoln and Cambridge at Graynes Hall.

1662 W. Dugdale Hist. Imbanking & Drayning Fens 329/1 There was a certain Sewer, called South Ee, but antiently Old Ee; whereby the water of Nene and Weland ought to passe from Noman's land, in Croyland, unto Dowesdale, in the same Town.

1781 J. Hutton Tour to Caves (ed. 2) Gloss. 89/1 Ea, a river along the sands on the sea shore.

1861 S. Smiles Lives Engineers I. 63 They..surveyed the new eaus and sluices..after which they returned to Ely.

1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake II. i. 7 They rowed away for Crowland, by many a mere and many an ea.

1875 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Words Whitby Ea-coorse, or Eau-course, the water-channel.

1875 J. H. Nodal & G. Milner Gloss. Lancs. Dial.: Pt. I Eä (N. and E. Lanc.), a river or the channel of a river.

1896 W. H. Wheeler Hist. Fens S. Lincs. (ed. 2) vi. 201 That one gote should be made at Fen Bank, and the other at the out end of the Ea.

1915 Jrnl. Inst. Munic. & County Engin. Feb. 645 The waters of the five districts were carried to Clows Cross by the Old and New South Eau Drains.

1970 H. Orton & P. M. Tilling Surv. Eng. Dial. III. ii. 421 What do you call any running water smaller than a river?.. [Crowland, Lincs.] Dike, Ea.

1986 O. Rackham Hist. Countryside xvii. 386 Ea is still used (now misspelt eau ) of artificial Fenland channels.

1993 F. Willmoth Sir Jonas Moore iii. 90 ‘Popham's Eau’, about 5 miles long, runs from the old course of the Nene near Upwell eastwards to Nordelph and Well Creek.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

ea.adv.

Forms: 1600s– ea., 1900s– ea (without point).

Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: each pron.

Etymology: Shortened < each pron., as a graphic abbreviation.

As a graphic abbreviation: = each pron. 2c.Frequently used with reference to a retail price.

ΚΠ

1692 Acct. in 14th Vol. Wren Soc. (1937) 108 Making Buttments of 2 romping Arches with freestone block. £2 ea.

1747 Inventory John Laurens Estate 12 Sept. in P. M. Hamer et al. Papers Henry Laurens (1968) I. 373 6 ps. Strip'd Chilloes abot. 10 yds. ea. at £3.15.

1782 Invoice 26 Oct. in Neustra Senhora des Carmes: App. to Appellant’s Case (Lords Commissioners of Appeals in Prize Causes) (?1788) 22 Four Table Services, Partridge Eye, comprizing ea. 13 napkins & a Table-cloth.

c1836 G. Nelson First Winter in L. Peers & T. Schenck First Years in Fur Trade (2002) 43 They found thirty Kegs of High Wines (containing 9 Galls. ea.) had all run out!

1895 Army & Navy Co-op. Soc. Price List 172/2 Powder Boxes—Puff, ea. 7/5, 9/4, [etc.].

1939 Warren (Pa.) Times-Mirror 3 May 9/8 (advt.) Penlight Flashlights with bulb-less cells. A bargain long to be remembered. 5¢ ea.

1984 Operator's Man.: Carrier (Dep. Army (U.S.) Techn. Man. 9-2350-261-10) App. F. 2 (list) Ammo cans, cal .50 (2 ea).

2004 FS: Computer parts etc. in ott.forsale.computing (Usenet newsgroup) 12 Nov. 100MB Zip Disks $5 ea. or 3 for $10.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	ea
释义	ean. Brit. /iː/, /ɪə/, U.S. /i/, /ˈiə/ Forms: α. early Old English eæ (dative), Old English e (genitive and dative), Old English e- (inflected form), Old English eae (accusative and dative and nominative plural), Old English eas (genitive), Old English eo- (in compounds), Old English ie (genitive and dative), Old English (genitive and dative and in compounds)–early Middle English æ, Old English–1500s ea, late Old English–early Middle English (in copy of Old English charter) æa, early Middle English a, Middle English eaa (in copy of Old English charter), late Middle English ee; English regional 1600s 1800s ee, 1700s– ea, 1800s eaa (north-western), 1800s ear (Nottinghamshire), 1800s eay (Northamptonshire), 1800s– eau, 1900s– ye (Lincolnshire). β. Old English ia (rare), late Old English–early Middle English (in copy of Old English charter) gea, Middle English ya (in copy of Old English charter), Middle English yo (in copy of Old English charter). Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian ā , ē , Old Dutch ā , ē (Middle Dutch ā , ee , Dutch a ), Old Saxon aha (Middle Low German ā ), Old High German aha (Middle High German ahe ), Gothic ahwa , and with forms in the Scandinavian languages cited at aa n.¹ < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin aqua . Compare aa n.¹, yeo n.¹, ree n.² Inflection in Old English. The paradigm of the word in Old English shows much divergence and complexity; the loss of medial -h- and resulting contraction (and compensatory lengthening) of vowels led to very short word forms, in turn giving rise to analogical forms. The word is usually a strong feminine (ēa ), apparently inflecting as an athematic noun, showing inflected forms in the genitive and dative singular with i-mutation (early West Saxon īe ); however, it also often appears uninflected except in the dative plural. (Athematic inflection is not securely paralleled elsewhere in the Germanic languages.) Form history and use in place names. In English, as in most of the West Germanic languages, the word is common as an element in river names and place names. The form eau (usually pronounced /iː/) is probably a respelling of earlier ea , arising by association of the written form with French eau water (see eau n.). By contrast, the Lincolnshire river name Great Eau (1824 as Withern's Eau ; c1200 as A , Adic ) appears to show derivation ultimately from the early Scandinavian cognate (see aa n.¹). The β. forms show shift of stress within the diphthong and a resulting palatal on-glide. For reflexes of such forms in place names and in lexical use in mining in the south-west, see yeo n.¹ and discussion at that entry. Prepositional phrases such as Old English æt þǣre ēa ‘at the river’, bī þǣre ēa ‘by the river’ (compare quot. eOE) lie behind the common river name Rea , Ray and the noun ree n.² (see further discussion at that entry). English regional (chiefly northern, Lincolnshire, and East Anglian) after Middle English. A river; a body of running water; spec. (in the Fens, frequently in form eau), a drainage canal.Frequently in place names; compare discussion in etymology section.Quot. lOE probably refers to an arm or old course of the River Nene, perhaps the waterway later called Old South Eau; cf. quots. 1662, 1915. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > [noun] > river floodc825 streamc875 eaeOE water streamOE flumec1175 fleamc1300 riverc1300 currentc1380 reea1500 ford1563 fluent1598 draught1601 nymph1605 amnic1623 flux1637 nullah1656 R1692 currency1758 silent highway1841 eOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker) anno 895 Þa sume dæge rad se cyng up bi þære eæ & gehawade hwær mon mehte þa ea forwyrcan..; & hie ða..worhton ða tu geweorc on twa healfe þære eas. OE Ælfric Old Eng. Hexateuch: Gen. (Claud.) ii. 14 Þære ðriddan ea nama is Tygris... Seo feorðe ea is gehaten Eufrates. lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough interpolation) anno 656 Fra Raggewilh v mile to þe rihte æ þe gað to Ælm.., & swa abutan iii mile to Þrokonholt..& fra Grætecros þurh an scyrwæter, Bradanæ hatte. c1175 ( Homily: Hist. Holy Rood-tree (Bodl. 343) (1894) 18 He..ðær wunede ant on morȝen ðanon wende to iordanen þare æ. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 7091 Tær iss i þatt illke land, An. æ. saba ȝehatenn. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 702 In are swiðe feire æ þer Læire falleð i þa sæ..Brutus i þare hauene læi. 1417 in W. Hudson Rec. City of Norwich (1906) I. 321 [The fishery called] Trons Ee. c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 5464 All þe strands of þe streme stode full of stith reedis, Quare-of he beds..him bargis to make... Þan entirs in of his erles & ouire þe ee passis. 1578 in Fenland Notes & Queries (1903) 5 101 The land of Henry Adam esquire in the fenn of Tydd St. Maryes in the coy. of Lincoln unto the Ea between both shires of Lincoln and Cambridge at Graynes Hall. 1662 W. Dugdale Hist. Imbanking & Drayning Fens 329/1 There was a certain Sewer, called South Ee, but antiently Old Ee; whereby the water of Nene and Weland ought to passe from Noman's land, in Croyland, unto Dowesdale, in the same Town. 1781 J. Hutton Tour to Caves (ed. 2) Gloss. 89/1 Ea, a river along the sands on the sea shore. 1861 S. Smiles Lives Engineers I. 63 They..surveyed the new eaus and sluices..after which they returned to Ely. 1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake II. i. 7 They rowed away for Crowland, by many a mere and many an ea. 1875 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Words Whitby Ea-coorse, or Eau-course, the water-channel. 1875 J. H. Nodal & G. Milner Gloss. Lancs. Dial.: Pt. I Eä (N. and E. Lanc.), a river or the channel of a river. 1896 W. H. Wheeler Hist. Fens S. Lincs. (ed. 2) vi. 201 That one gote should be made at Fen Bank, and the other at the out end of the Ea. 1915 Jrnl. Inst. Munic. & County Engin. Feb. 645 The waters of the five districts were carried to Clows Cross by the Old and New South Eau Drains. 1970 H. Orton & P. M. Tilling Surv. Eng. Dial. III. ii. 421 What do you call any running water smaller than a river?.. [Crowland, Lincs.] Dike, Ea. 1986 O. Rackham Hist. Countryside xvii. 386 Ea is still used (now misspelt eau ) of artificial Fenland channels. 1993 F. Willmoth Sir Jonas Moore iii. 90 ‘Popham's Eau’, about 5 miles long, runs from the old course of the Nene near Upwell eastwards to Nordelph and Well Creek. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online June 2022). ea.adv. Forms: 1600s– ea., 1900s– ea (without point). Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: each pron. Etymology: Shortened < each pron., as a graphic abbreviation. As a graphic abbreviation: = each pron. 2c.Frequently used with reference to a retail price. ΚΠ 1692 Acct. in 14th Vol. Wren Soc. (1937) 108 Making Buttments of 2 romping Arches with freestone block. £2 ea. 1747 Inventory John Laurens Estate 12 Sept. in P. M. Hamer et al. Papers Henry Laurens (1968) I. 373 6 ps. Strip'd Chilloes abot. 10 yds. ea. at £3.15. 1782 Invoice 26 Oct. in Neustra Senhora des Carmes: App. to Appellant’s Case (Lords Commissioners of Appeals in Prize Causes) (?1788) 22 Four Table Services, Partridge Eye, comprizing ea. 13 napkins & a Table-cloth. c1836 G. Nelson First Winter in L. Peers & T. Schenck First Years in Fur Trade (2002) 43 They found thirty Kegs of High Wines (containing 9 Galls. ea.) had all run out! 1895 Army & Navy Co-op. Soc. Price List 172/2 Powder Boxes—Puff, ea. 7/5, 9/4, [etc.]. 1939 Warren (Pa.) Times-Mirror 3 May 9/8 (advt.) Penlight Flashlights with bulb-less cells. A bargain long to be remembered. 5¢ ea. 1984 Operator's Man.: Carrier (Dep. Army (U.S.) Techn. Man. 9-2350-261-10) App. F. 2 (list) Ammo cans, cal .50 (2 ea). 2004 FS: Computer parts etc. in ott.forsale.computing (Usenet newsgroup) 12 Nov. 100MB Zip Disks $5 ea. or 3 for $10. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online December 2021). > as lemmas E.A. E.A. n. (also E/A) now historical enemy aircraft. ΚΠ 1916 T. E. Lawrence Lett. (1938) 214 The feed-block of one of the E.A. German Maxims. 1942 ‘B. J. Ellan’ Spitfire! 42 A faint silhouette even if the E/A was not actually illuminated. 2013 R. Gunn Raymond Collishaw & Black Flight viii. 144 Over Dadizeele at about 7:50 p.m., the flight encountered about a dozen EAs. extracted from En.¹ < n.eOEadv.1692 as lemmas
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ean.

ea.adv.

> as lemmas