partnern.¹

Brit.

/ˈpɑːtnə/, U.S.

/ˈpɑrtnər/

Forms: Middle English partear (probably transmission error), Middle English partenar, Middle English partenare, Middle English parteneer, Middle English partenere, Middle English partenres (plural), Middle English partinere, Middle English partnier, Middle English partoner, Middle English partynere, Middle English paternere (probably transmission error), Middle English pertener, Middle English pertyner, Middle English–1500s parteyner, Middle English–1500s partiner, Middle English–1500s partyner, Middle English–1600s partener, 1500s parteiner, 1500s partnour, 1500s pertiner, 1500s– partner, 1800s– pairtner (English regional (northern)); Scottish pre-1700 pairtenar, pre-1700 pairtiner, pre-1700 pairtynar, pre-1700 partenar, pre-1700 partener, pre-1700 partenere, pre-1700 parthenare, pre-1700 parthenere, pre-1700 partinar, pre-1700 partinare, pre-1700 partiner, pre-1700 partinere, pre-1700 partynar, pre-1700 partyner, pre-1700 partynere, pre-1700 pertenar, pre-1700 pertener, pre-1700 pertinar, pre-1700 pertineir, pre-1700 pertiner, pre-1700 pertinour, pre-1700 pertynar, pre-1700 1700s– partner, pre-1700 1800s– pairtner. N.E.D. (1904) also records a form Middle English perteynor.

Origin: Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: parcener n.

Etymology: Probably an alteration of parcener n. (although this is only attested slightly later), under the influence of part n.¹ Perhaps compare Old French partenier (1266), Dutch regional (West Flanders) partenier.It is much less likely that the word arose from scribal error (with the letters c and t being confused).

1. A person with a joint share in or use of something; a person who is party to something. In early use: a sharer or partaker (in or of something).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > sharing > [noun] > a sharer

partnerc1300

parcenera1325

partaker?a1425

parcenela1450

partman1468

party-taker?c1475

partsman1483

snapperc1555

partakener1565

sharer1580

co-sharer1596

sharesman1635

comportioner1706

the mind > possession > sharing > [noun] > a sharer > in association with others

partnerc1300

commoner1357

fellowa1382

parti-fellowa1500

participant1543

communer1548

parting fellow1557

participator1639

c1300 St. Thomas Apostle (Harl.) 130 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 575 Blescede ȝou for ȝe scholde of heuene beo partiner.

c1350 Apocalypse St. John: A Version (Harl. 874) (1961) 6 (MED) Ich, Iohan, ȝoure broþer & partinere in tribulaciouns..duelle in pacience in Iesu crist.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 12 An aungel..is partiner of inmortalite, for he may not deye.

c1440 (?a1396) W. Hilton in G. G. Perry Eng. Prose Treat. (1921) 16 (MED) Þe saule es puneschede in the sensualite, and þe flesche es partynere of þe payne.

c1475 Mankind (1969) 284 (MED) Of hys blysse perpetuall ȝe xall be partener.

c1480 (a1400) St. Clement 808 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 396 God has [send] me til ȝow here of ȝoure crone to be parthenere.

a1500 tr. A. Chartier Traité de l'Esperance (Rawl.) (1974) 67 (MED) Thi Maister and our Iusticer hath made vs to be parteners of His goodenes and to be brought to His clemence.

a1535 J. Fisher Wayes to Perfect Relig. in Eng. Wks. (1876) i. 382 You shall be partener to the more plentuous aboundance of his loue.

1567 N. Throckmorton Let. to Leicester in W. Robertson Hist. Scotl. (1759) II. App. 47 It may please your lordship to make my lord Stuard partner of this letter.

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 43 He intreated a gentleman of Friesland to admit me partner of his bed.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 276 Then call the Gods, for Partners of our Feast: And Jove himself the chief invited Guest.

1718 N. Rowe tr. Lucan Pharsalia i. 174 No Faith, no Trust, no Friendship, shall be known Among the jealous Partners of a Throne.

1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. xiii. 382 Maximian, the equal partner of his power, was his only companion in the glory of that day.

1840 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VII. lvi. 131 Acknowledged as partner of Arridæus Philip in the empire.

1870 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (ed. 2) I. App. 716 A wife worthy to be the partner of his Empire.

1909 G. Drage Austria-Hungary 560 The ex lex years had shown that the relations between the two partners in the monarchy rested upon shifting sand.

1990 D. Zohar Quantum Self xv. 209 It is a concept in terms of which it makes sense to speak of human beings..as conceived in the image of God, or as partners in God's creation.

a. A person who takes part with another or others in doing something, esp. either of a pair of people engaged together in the same activity, occupation, etc.; an associate, companion, or accomplice; †a participant (obsolete).Sometimes (chiefly U.S. colloquial) as a form of address: friend, buddy. (cf. pardner n.).

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a companion or associate > [noun]

yferec870

brothereOE

ymonec950

headlingOE

ferec975

fellowOE

friendOE

eveningOE

evenlinglOE

even-nexta1225

compeerc1275

monec1300

companiona1325

partnerc1330

peerc1330

neighbour?c1335

falec1380

matec1380

makec1385

companya1425

sociatec1430

marrow1440

partyc1443

customera1450

conferec1450

pareil?c1450

comparcionerc1475

resortc1475

socius1480

copartner?1504

billy?a1513

accomplice1550

panion1553

consorterc1556

compartner1564

co-mate1576

copemate1577

competitor1579

consociate1579

coach-companion1589

comrade1591

consort1592

callant1597

comrado1598

associate1601

coach-fellow1602

rival1604

social1604

concomitanta1639

concerner1639

consociator1646

compane1647

societary1652

bor1677

socius1678

interessora1687

companioness1691

rendezvouser1742

connection1780

frater1786

matey1794

pardner1795

left bower1829

running mate1867

stable companion1868

pard1872

buddy1895

maat1900

bro1922

stable-mate1941

bredda1969

Ndugu1973

the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > [noun] > one who engages in an activity or occupation > one who takes part in an activity

partner1503–4

assister1705

participator1880

society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a companion or associate > [noun] > colleague or fellow-worker

fellowOE

consort1419

confrerec1425

companionc1523

labour-fellow1526

yokefellow1526

colleaguea1533

associate1533

adjunct1554

yokemate1567

colleagen1579

co-agenta1600

co-operatora1600

collateralc1600

co-workman1619

co-workera1643

partner1660

co-operatrix1674

co-agitator1683

co-adjoint1689

adjoint1738

side-partner1845

co-operatress1865

maugh1868

with-worker1884

c1330 in T. Wright Polit. Songs Eng. (1839) 337 (MED) If the king in his lond maketh a taxacioun, And everi man is i-set to a certein raunczoun, Hit shal be so for-pinched, to-toilled, and to-twiht, That halvendel shal gon..Ther beth so manye parteners.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) 26677 (MED) Þai be sammin partenare [a1400 Vesp. partear] & wroȝt togeder a sinful dede.

c1475 (c1450) P. Idley Instr. to his Son (Cambr.) (1935) i. 585 (MED) A Iuge that iustely spareth to do the lawe Maynteyneth a theiff..Thus is he parteyner of al his mysdede.

1503–4 Act 19 Hen. VII c. 34 §2 The seid Erle was not prevy nor partener to the offens of his seid sonne.

a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 64/1 He wyth other pertiners of that counsayle, drew aboute the duke.

?1569 T. Norton Warnyng agaynst Papistes (title) A warnyng agaynst the dangerous practises of papistes, and specially the parteners of the late rebellion.

1611 Bible (King James) Prov. xxix. 24 Who so is partner with a thiefe hateth his owne soule.

1660 A. Marvell Let. 3 Jan. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 14 I suppose this day my good Partner M^r Ramsden will arrive at Hull.

1722 D. Defoe Moll Flanders 248 My new Partner in Wickedness and I went on together so long, without being ever detected, that we not only grew Bold, but we grew Rich.

1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey I. 126 He had set out from his cottage with this poor creature [sc. an ass], who had been a patient partner of his journey.

1846 G. C. Furber Twelve Months Volunteer (1848) 229 ‘Didn't I tell you so,’ he shouted; ‘shell me out three dollars, old partner; I only came to break your bank; whoop!’

1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 96 Laches and I are partners in the argument.

1965 C. Brown Manchild in Promised Land iii. 77 Just about everybody had..one good friend or partner. When two or three guys were partners, they would share every thing..packages from home,..things they stole.

1987 E. Leonard Bandits iv. 58 How you doing, partner?

2000 Out Oct. 48/1 Her rapping partner, Cazwell, is male, white, and gay.

b. partner in crime n. a (habitual) criminal accomplice. Also humorously in later use: one of a pair of people or things often associated or seen together.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [noun] > crime > a criminal or law-breaker > one who assists

fellowa1382

accessory1414

accessary1451

confederate1495

confederator1536

snapperc1555

complice1581

accomplice?1589

assistor1601

socius criminis1602

fedariea1616

complier1619

particeps criminisa1634

correspondent1639

complicate1662

capper1753

palc1770

partner in crime1831

sidekick1893

side-kicker1894

ram1941

1810 S. Green Romance Readers & Romance Writers III. xxiii. 138 In order to be truely reconciled to that injured wife, he must never behold the partner in his crime again.]

1831 Times 16 Dec. 1/2 Nothing was easier than for him to say that he fully adhered to the statement made by his partner in crime.

1837 Biblical Repertory Jan. 51 An adulterer was banished for a year, and with his partner in crime was driven by the hangman through the whole city.

1875 Appletons' Jrnl. 16 Oct. 498/3 Make a good woman a partner in crime, and you pull down the very foundations of society.

1900 J. Conrad Lord Jim vii. 84 He discovered at once a desire that I should not confound him with his partners in—in crime, let us call it.

1929 A. Christie (title) Partners in crime.

1977 Zigzag June 4/1 Eight years of gigging, writing, starving and eccentric attention-grabbing projects..have gone into helping Otway and his partner-in-crime Wild Willy Barrett to their current level of acceptance.

1997 Men's Health Sept. 58/1 On the deli counter taramasalata is usually found next to its partner in crime, hummus.

†3. A supporter; an adherent; spec. a worshipper. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > [noun] > supporter or encourager > one who takes someone's part

partner1395

partakera1450

participant1554

partakener1565

sideman1572

sider1616

sidesman1647

Remonstr. against Romish Corruptions (Titus) (1851) 58 I am parteneer of alle that dreden thee.

a1400 in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 67 (MED) Wiþ hem þat gon in a liȝt conscience was I neuere a partiner.

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Hosea iv. 17 Effraym is the partener [c1384 E.V. parcener] of idols; leeue thou him.

4. Business. Any of a number of individuals with interests and investments in a business or enterprise, among whom expenses, profits, and losses are shared.dormant, predominant, sleeping partner: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > non-manual worker > businessman > [noun] > partner

partnerc1460

trading partner1780

c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn 3026 (MED) When wee out of Rome saillid both in fere, Tho I was thy felawe & thy partynere, ffor tho the marchandise was more þen halff myne.

1523 Act 14 & 15 Hen. VIII c. 4 §1 (2) They occupie here..not onely for them selfe, but also colourably for other straungers, their frendes, and partiners.

1574 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1878) 1st Ser. II. 513 Not keping societie in the furthering and furnissing of money..as the partinaris..sall appoint.

1613 Compt Bk. D. Wedderburne (1898) 240 Tua punscheounis Wyne perteining to Walter Kynnereis & pairtenaris.

1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 4 Which losse broak my fathers partner, Robert Pontoine.

1713 Boston News-let. 13 Apr. 2/2 Messieurs Francis Clarke and Grove Hirst of Boston Merchants, their time of Partnership being now Expired, and resolving not to act any longer as Partners, save to shut up their Accounts now open in their Books, do signify the same.

1790 A. Smith Theory Moral Sentiments (ed. 6) II. vi. §ii. i. 83 Colleagues in office, partners in trade, call one another brothers; and frequently feel towards one another as if they really were so.

1817 W. Selwyn Abridgem. Law Nisi Prius (ed. 4) II. 1055 How far the Acts of one Partner are binding on his Co~partners.

1833 H. Martineau Berkeley the Banker i. i. 18 In Scotland, there are a great many partners in a bank, which makes it very secure.

1891 Daily News 30 Sept. 7/1 On attaining his majority he was elected partner in the firm, of which at the present moment he is sole partner.

1918 G. C. Davidson North West Co. viii. 226 The highest rank among the persons engaged in the actual trading was that of partner.

1953 J. L. Hanson Textbk. Econ. iii. vi. 93 Partners have equal powers and responsibilities, and each is jointly liable with his co-partners for all the debts and obligations of the firm.

2000 N.Y. Times 31 Dec. xi. 2/5 He has just one partner in a small investment banking firm called Wellfleet Partners.

a. A person who is linked by marriage to another, a spouse; a member of a couple who live together or are habitual companions; a lover.Now increasingly used in legal and contractual contexts to refer to a member of a couple in a long-standing relationship of any kind, so as to give equal recognition to marriage, cohabitation, same-sex relationships, etc.Early usage history: Quots. 1577 and 1603 come from the correspondence of Richard and Anne Broughton (née Bagot), who use the term repeatedly in referring to one another in correspondence with other members of their family circle. Such use has not been found elsewhere at this date.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > love > a lover > [noun] > long-term lover or companion

partner1577

rider1607

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > married person > [noun] > spouse, consort, or partner

ferec975

matchOE

makec1175

spousea1200

lemanc1275

fellowc1350

likea1393

wed-ferea1400

partyc1443

espouse?c1450

bedfellow1490

yokefellow?1542

espousal1543

spouse1548

mate1549

marrow1554

paragon1557

yokemate1567

partner1577

better halfa1586

twin1592

moiety1611

copemate1631

consort1634

half-marrow1637

matrimonya1640

helpmeet1661

other half1667

helpmate1715

spousie1735

life companion1763

worse half1783

life partner1809

domestic partner1815

ball and chain1921

lover1969

1577 R. Broughton Let. 13 May (Folger L.a.240) If by death my partner should lose her partner I shall prouide for her out of that litle a competent partners part. as touchinge my partners apparell I haue sent vnto her the graue determynacion of a taylor.

1603 A. Broughton Let. 13 Apr. (Folger L.a.232) My Euer good brother mr. Higines opinione was, that my Partner mvst bee att the bathe before maye, hie is gone thether & on satter day I shall heare Doctar shurwoodes opinione.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 128 I stand Before my Judge, either to undergoe My self the total Crime, or to accuse My other self, the partner of my life.

1749 T. Smollett Regicide ii. viii. 27 What means the gentle Part'ner of my Heart?

1789 A. Francis Poet. Transl. Song of Solomon Pref. p. viii She speaks but little; just enough to convince her royal partner of the preference her heart gives him.

1816 R. Southey Poet's Pilgrimage to Waterloo i. i. viii So forth I set..And took the partner of my life with me.

1879 F. W. Farrar Life & Work St. Paul II. ix. xxxii. 69 The believing wife or husband might win to the faith the unbelieving partner.

1884 W. Cudworth Dial. Sketches 112 He cud liv o' luv, if shoo wor nobbut his pairtner.

1977 Gay News 24 Mar. 14/3 It is relatively easy for homosexual partners to back-track from their mistakes in partner selection.

1994 Origins Autumn 7/1 If my partner was a man, even if we weren't married I would have got Unemployment Insurance.

2000 Adv. Driving (Inst. Adv. Motorists) Summer 51/2 If you are a married or cohabiting man, try adding your partner to your insurance policy.

b. A participant in sexual activity with another.

ΚΠ

1940 L. E. Hinsie & J. Shatzky Psychiatric Dict. 403/2 Passivism, a form of sexual perversion in which the subject, usually male, is submissive to the will of the partner in the unnatural sexual practices.

1971 Southerly 31 11 There may be a suggestion of nostalgie de la boue in his choice of sexual partners.

2002 Loaded July (Encycl. Eroticus Suppl.) 17/2 While in an open-mouthed kiss, suck in deeply so you're sucking the air from your partner.

6. A dancing companion. Cf. dancing-partner n. at dancing n. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > dancing > dancer generally > [noun] > couple > partner

striver1616

partner1623

dancing-partner1920

1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII i. iv. 107 Lead in your Ladies eu'ry one: Sweet Partner, I must not yet forsake you.

1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 515. ⁋3 I at first Entrance declared him my Partner if I danced at all.

1765 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy VII. xliv. 159 Changing only partners and tunes, I danced it away from Lunel to Montpellier.

1813 J. Austen Pride & Prejudice I. xviii. 213 Such very superior dancing is not often seen... Allow me to say, however, that your fair partner does not disgrace you.

1869 Eng. Mech. 3 Dec. 271/3 Performing with his partner a ‘ladies' chain’ in their fantastic quadrille.

1942 E. Langley Pea Pickers i. 13 Gent negligently holds the concertina behind his partner's neck and plays as he dances with her.

1996 Frank 11 Sept. 21 Several jeroboams of bubbly later, she took to the dance floor with rhumba partner Michael Harrison.

2002 Washington Post 18 Jan. (Home ed.) d33/3 It's a ‘mixer’, with dancers changing partners at random several times during the course of the song.

7. Cards (esp. Bridge); now also Sport (as Tennis, Croquet, etc.). Either of a pair of players forming a team. Also in Cricket: either of the two batters occupying the wicket at the same time; one of a pair of bowlers taking turns to bowl overs.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > [noun] > player on same side

partner1633

1633 J. Shirley Wittie Faire One i. sig. B2^v But you did motion cards, Ile chuse my partner And for a set or two I'me at your seruice.

1680 C. Cotton Compl. Gamester (ed. 2) x. 84 If he can have some petty glimpse of his Partners hand.

1742 E. Hoyle Short Treat. Game Whist xiii. 28 If the Leader of that Suit, or his Partner, have the long Trump.

1778 T. Jones Hoyle's Games Improved 60 It appears to you that your Partner has the last Trump.

1816 W. Lambert Instr. & Rules Cricket 35 The Striker should be careful and attentive in running both own and partner's hits.

?1870 F. Hardy & J. R. Ware Mod. Hoyle 1 [Article Whist] The players are divided into a couple of groups, each group being partners, and therefore winning or losing together. Partners sit opposite each other.

1875 J. D. Heath Compl. Croquet-player 49 He never thinks of his partner at all, but places himself in front of his own hoop!

1934 P. Bottome Private Worlds iii. 26 The girl was going to be married to her tennis partner.

1976 J. Snow Cricket Rebel 25 Tony Buss, his opening partner, was far more dangerous to face than he looked from the ringside.

2001 Times 5 Dec. ii. 23/1 The way to find out where partner has his ace(s) is to initiate a ‘cue-bidding’ sequence.

8. to go partners: to become friends or associates (with a person or thing); to form a partnership; (in later use also) to share the profits or rewards of an undertaking. Also †to go in partner. Cf. go v. 35d.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a companion or associate > accompany or be companions [verb (intransitive)]

accompany?1490

assist1553

to walk (also travel) in the way with1611

to go partners1716

to draw up1723

to shake together1861

to pal up (also around, out, etc.)1889

1716 B. Griffin Humours of Purgatory ii. ii. 37 Darius and he [sc. Alexander the Great] go Partners here [i.e. in Purgatory].

1725 D. Defoe Compl. Eng. Tradesman I. iv. 44 He goes in partner with C. D., a scarlet-dyer, called a bow-dyer, at Wandsworth.

1795 S. T. Coleridge Let. 19 Jan. (1956) I. 150 Some 5 men going partners together.

1836 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers (1837) vi. 54 Isabella Wardle and Mr. Trundle ‘went partners’.

1855 E. C. Gaskell North & South II. vi. 76 If you can help me to trap Lieutenant Hale, Miss Dixon, we'll go partners in the reward.

1928 ‘Brent of Bin Bin’ Up Country iii. xxii. 360 I want to go partners.

1973 R. Travers Murder in Blue Mountains ii. 13 His carefully written advertisement, offering to go partners on equal shares in a prospecting trip, was at first placed in the evening paper.

2003 Herald Sun (Melbourne) (Nexis) 15 Mar. (Weekend section) 6 He went partners with a high-rolling drug importer named Tony Tucker.

9. Biology. Each of a group of two or more symbiotically associated organisms. Frequently attributive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > balance of nature > organisms in interrelationship > [noun] > one or each of two

commensal1872

mutualist1874

symbiont1887

symbiote1897

parasymbiont1911

partner1924

parabiont1935

coactee1939

coactor1939

epibiont1949

1924 J. A. Thomson Sci. Old & New xxvii. 147 The fungus partners, which supply the water and salts, sometimes get the upper hand and absorb their partner algae, without which, however, they cannot continue to live.

a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. xiii. 292 Cockroaches always have partner (symbiotic) yeasts in their alimentary canal, and these ferment the multifarious food.

1970 Canad. Jrnl. Zool. 48 371 (heading) The association of Calliactis tricolor with its pagurid, calappid, and majid partners in the Caribbean.

1991 Seaword 19 2/1 Corals expel a symbiotic partner from their digestive system, an alga called zooxanthella, which gives corals their distinctive colors.

Compounds

C1.

† partner-cause n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre iv. x. 186 This great overthrow, to omit lesse partner-causes, is chiefly imputed to the Templars..breaking the truce with the Sultan of Babylon.

partner state n.

ΚΠ

1902 Daily Chron. 5 Aug. 3/2 He calls them [sc. Colonies] rather happily ‘Partner-States’.

1973 Transition No. 43. 44/1 The court..is based in Nairobi, Kenya, but moves between the capitals of the other partner states on a kind of English circuit system.

2003 Hindu (Nexis) 12 Apr. Uttar Pradesh will be made a partner State on the lines of partnership entered with Rajasthan for the joint promotion of tourism in both the States.

C2.

† partner agency n. Obsolete a shared role.

ΚΠ

1647 J. Trapp Comm. Epist. & Rev. (Heb. i. 6) The manhood..hath a partner-agency..in the work of redemption and mediation.

partner dance n. a type of dance performed by two people in coordination with each other and usually with set or choreographed steps.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > dancing > types of dance or dancing > dance for specific number of people > [noun]

pas de deux1762

pas de trois1762

pas seul1786

pas de quatre1846

pas de seul1870

twosome1911

ensemble1915

partner dance1915

foursome1926

1915 Waterloo (Iowa) Evening Courier 9 Oct. 9/6 Miss Armstrong and Miss Elizabeth Wisner gave a Spanish partner dance.

1981 Dance Res. Jrnl. 13 30/1 He gladly taught her the hora in exchange for authentic Austrian ländlers, a gliding, waltz-like partner dance.

2013 Straits Times (Singapore) (Nexis) 19 Apr. (Life section) West Coast Swing..differs from other partner dances in its interactions between the lead and follow. In West Coast Swing, the follow (woman) is able to add her own moves to the dance.

partners' desk n. (also partner desk, partner's desk, partners desk) a large desk at which two people may sit facing one another.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > desk > [noun]

deskc1405

lectern1509

dess1552

book desk1686

prie-dieu1687

bureau1698

secretary1803

toys1816

secretaire1818

consulting-desk1823

slope1833

box-desk1860

roll-top1884

type-desk1901

partners' desk1925

partners' pedestal desk1930

console1944

1925 Times 27 July 1/5 (advt.) Bankers—Partner's desk, new condition, rich brown oak..drawers in frieze both sides.

1986 W. Bentley Private Accts. (1988) 40 At one end was a perspex dining-table, and at the other a Victorian partner desk covered with papers.

2002 Evening Standard (Nexis) 4 Dec. 9 There's a classic Georgian partner's desk, 1920s Venetian lamps on Edwardian side tables and a late 20th century sculpture in the Deco fireplace.

partners' pedestal desk n. = partners' desk n.

ΚΠ

1930 Times 5 June 3/2 (advt.) Mahogany partner's pedestal desk, fitted four short legs to ends of pedestals, fully pannelled sides [etc.].

1946 Connoisseur Dec. p. i (advt.) Mahogany Partners' Pedestal Desk in style of William Kent. Circa 1745.

2001 Irish Times (Nexis) 20 Oct. 21 A most unusual 19th century partners' pedestal desk in chinoiserie-style green lacquer.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	partner
释义	partnern.¹ Brit. /ˈpɑːtnə/, U.S. /ˈpɑrtnər/ Forms: Middle English partear (probably transmission error), Middle English partenar, Middle English partenare, Middle English parteneer, Middle English partenere, Middle English partenres (plural), Middle English partinere, Middle English partnier, Middle English partoner, Middle English partynere, Middle English paternere (probably transmission error), Middle English pertener, Middle English pertyner, Middle English–1500s parteyner, Middle English–1500s partiner, Middle English–1500s partyner, Middle English–1600s partener, 1500s parteiner, 1500s partnour, 1500s pertiner, 1500s– partner, 1800s– pairtner (English regional (northern)); Scottish pre-1700 pairtenar, pre-1700 pairtiner, pre-1700 pairtynar, pre-1700 partenar, pre-1700 partener, pre-1700 partenere, pre-1700 parthenare, pre-1700 parthenere, pre-1700 partinar, pre-1700 partinare, pre-1700 partiner, pre-1700 partinere, pre-1700 partynar, pre-1700 partyner, pre-1700 partynere, pre-1700 pertenar, pre-1700 pertener, pre-1700 pertinar, pre-1700 pertineir, pre-1700 pertiner, pre-1700 pertinour, pre-1700 pertynar, pre-1700 1700s– partner, pre-1700 1800s– pairtner. N.E.D. (1904) also records a form Middle English perteynor. Origin: Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: parcener n. Etymology: Probably an alteration of parcener n. (although this is only attested slightly later), under the influence of part n.¹ Perhaps compare Old French partenier (1266), Dutch regional (West Flanders) partenier.It is much less likely that the word arose from scribal error (with the letters c and t being confused). 1. A person with a joint share in or use of something; a person who is party to something. In early use: a sharer or partaker (in or of something). ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > sharing > [noun] > a sharer partnerc1300 parcenera1325 partaker?a1425 parcenela1450 partman1468 party-taker?c1475 partsman1483 snapperc1555 partakener1565 sharer1580 co-sharer1596 sharesman1635 comportioner1706 the mind > possession > sharing > [noun] > a sharer > in association with others partnerc1300 commoner1357 fellowa1382 parti-fellowa1500 participant1543 communer1548 parting fellow1557 participator1639 c1300 St. Thomas Apostle (Harl.) 130 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 575 Blescede ȝou for ȝe scholde of heuene beo partiner. c1350 Apocalypse St. John: A Version (Harl. 874) (1961) 6 (MED) Ich, Iohan, ȝoure broþer & partinere in tribulaciouns..duelle in pacience in Iesu crist. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 12 An aungel..is partiner of inmortalite, for he may not deye. c1440 (?a1396) W. Hilton in G. G. Perry Eng. Prose Treat. (1921) 16 (MED) Þe saule es puneschede in the sensualite, and þe flesche es partynere of þe payne. c1475 Mankind (1969) 284 (MED) Of hys blysse perpetuall ȝe xall be partener. c1480 (a1400) St. Clement 808 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 396 God has [send] me til ȝow here of ȝoure crone to be parthenere. a1500 tr. A. Chartier Traité de l'Esperance (Rawl.) (1974) 67 (MED) Thi Maister and our Iusticer hath made vs to be parteners of His goodenes and to be brought to His clemence. a1535 J. Fisher Wayes to Perfect Relig. in Eng. Wks. (1876) i. 382 You shall be partener to the more plentuous aboundance of his loue. 1567 N. Throckmorton Let. to Leicester in W. Robertson Hist. Scotl. (1759) II. App. 47 It may please your lordship to make my lord Stuard partner of this letter. 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 43 He intreated a gentleman of Friesland to admit me partner of his bed. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 276 Then call the Gods, for Partners of our Feast: And Jove himself the chief invited Guest. 1718 N. Rowe tr. Lucan Pharsalia i. 174 No Faith, no Trust, no Friendship, shall be known Among the jealous Partners of a Throne. 1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. xiii. 382 Maximian, the equal partner of his power, was his only companion in the glory of that day. 1840 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VII. lvi. 131 Acknowledged as partner of Arridæus Philip in the empire. 1870 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (ed. 2) I. App. 716 A wife worthy to be the partner of his Empire. 1909 G. Drage Austria-Hungary 560 The ex lex years had shown that the relations between the two partners in the monarchy rested upon shifting sand. 1990 D. Zohar Quantum Self xv. 209 It is a concept in terms of which it makes sense to speak of human beings..as conceived in the image of God, or as partners in God's creation. 2. a. A person who takes part with another or others in doing something, esp. either of a pair of people engaged together in the same activity, occupation, etc.; an associate, companion, or accomplice; †a participant (obsolete).Sometimes (chiefly U.S. colloquial) as a form of address: friend, buddy. (cf. pardner n.). ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a companion or associate > [noun] yferec870 brothereOE ymonec950 headlingOE ferec975 fellowOE friendOE eveningOE evenlinglOE even-nexta1225 compeerc1275 monec1300 companiona1325 partnerc1330 peerc1330 neighbour?c1335 falec1380 matec1380 makec1385 companya1425 sociatec1430 marrow1440 partyc1443 customera1450 conferec1450 pareil?c1450 comparcionerc1475 resortc1475 socius1480 copartner?1504 billy?a1513 accomplice1550 panion1553 consorterc1556 compartner1564 co-mate1576 copemate1577 competitor1579 consociate1579 coach-companion1589 comrade1591 consort1592 callant1597 comrado1598 associate1601 coach-fellow1602 rival1604 social1604 concomitanta1639 concerner1639 consociator1646 compane1647 societary1652 bor1677 socius1678 interessora1687 companioness1691 rendezvouser1742 connection1780 frater1786 matey1794 pardner1795 left bower1829 running mate1867 stable companion1868 pard1872 buddy1895 maat1900 bro1922 stable-mate1941 bredda1969 Ndugu1973 the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > [noun] > one who engages in an activity or occupation > one who takes part in an activity partner1503–4 assister1705 participator1880 society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a companion or associate > [noun] > colleague or fellow-worker fellowOE consort1419 confrerec1425 companionc1523 labour-fellow1526 yokefellow1526 colleaguea1533 associate1533 adjunct1554 yokemate1567 colleagen1579 co-agenta1600 co-operatora1600 collateralc1600 co-workman1619 co-workera1643 partner1660 co-operatrix1674 co-agitator1683 co-adjoint1689 adjoint1738 side-partner1845 co-operatress1865 maugh1868 with-worker1884 c1330 in T. Wright Polit. Songs Eng. (1839) 337 (MED) If the king in his lond maketh a taxacioun, And everi man is i-set to a certein raunczoun, Hit shal be so for-pinched, to-toilled, and to-twiht, That halvendel shal gon..Ther beth so manye parteners. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) 26677 (MED) Þai be sammin partenare [a1400 Vesp. partear] & wroȝt togeder a sinful dede. c1475 (c1450) P. Idley Instr. to his Son (Cambr.) (1935) i. 585 (MED) A Iuge that iustely spareth to do the lawe Maynteyneth a theiff..Thus is he parteyner of al his mysdede. 1503–4 Act 19 Hen. VII c. 34 §2 The seid Erle was not prevy nor partener to the offens of his seid sonne. a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 64/1 He wyth other pertiners of that counsayle, drew aboute the duke. ?1569 T. Norton Warnyng agaynst Papistes (title) A warnyng agaynst the dangerous practises of papistes, and specially the parteners of the late rebellion. 1611 Bible (King James) Prov. xxix. 24 Who so is partner with a thiefe hateth his owne soule. View more context for this quotation 1660 A. Marvell Let. 3 Jan. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 14 I suppose this day my good Partner M^r Ramsden will arrive at Hull. 1722 D. Defoe Moll Flanders 248 My new Partner in Wickedness and I went on together so long, without being ever detected, that we not only grew Bold, but we grew Rich. 1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey I. 126 He had set out from his cottage with this poor creature [sc. an ass], who had been a patient partner of his journey. 1846 G. C. Furber Twelve Months Volunteer (1848) 229 ‘Didn't I tell you so,’ he shouted; ‘shell me out three dollars, old partner; I only came to break your bank; whoop!’ 1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 96 Laches and I are partners in the argument. 1965 C. Brown Manchild in Promised Land iii. 77 Just about everybody had..one good friend or partner. When two or three guys were partners, they would share every thing..packages from home,..things they stole. 1987 E. Leonard Bandits iv. 58 How you doing, partner? 2000 Out Oct. 48/1 Her rapping partner, Cazwell, is male, white, and gay. b. partner in crime n. a (habitual) criminal accomplice. Also humorously in later use: one of a pair of people or things often associated or seen together. ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [noun] > crime > a criminal or law-breaker > one who assists fellowa1382 accessory1414 accessary1451 confederate1495 confederator1536 snapperc1555 complice1581 accomplice?1589 assistor1601 socius criminis1602 fedariea1616 complier1619 particeps criminisa1634 correspondent1639 complicate1662 capper1753 palc1770 partner in crime1831 sidekick1893 side-kicker1894 ram1941 1810 S. Green Romance Readers & Romance Writers III. xxiii. 138 In order to be truely reconciled to that injured wife, he must never behold the partner in his crime again.] 1831 Times 16 Dec. 1/2 Nothing was easier than for him to say that he fully adhered to the statement made by his partner in crime. 1837 Biblical Repertory Jan. 51 An adulterer was banished for a year, and with his partner in crime was driven by the hangman through the whole city. 1875 Appletons' Jrnl. 16 Oct. 498/3 Make a good woman a partner in crime, and you pull down the very foundations of society. 1900 J. Conrad Lord Jim vii. 84 He discovered at once a desire that I should not confound him with his partners in—in crime, let us call it. 1929 A. Christie (title) Partners in crime. 1977 Zigzag June 4/1 Eight years of gigging, writing, starving and eccentric attention-grabbing projects..have gone into helping Otway and his partner-in-crime Wild Willy Barrett to their current level of acceptance. 1997 Men's Health Sept. 58/1 On the deli counter taramasalata is usually found next to its partner in crime, hummus. †3. A supporter; an adherent; spec. a worshipper. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > [noun] > supporter or encourager > one who takes someone's part partner1395 partakera1450 participant1554 partakener1565 sideman1572 sider1616 sidesman1647 Remonstr. against Romish Corruptions (Titus) (1851) 58 I am parteneer of alle that dreden thee. a1400 in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 67 (MED) Wiþ hem þat gon in a liȝt conscience was I neuere a partiner. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Hosea iv. 17 Effraym is the partener [c1384 E.V. parcener] of idols; leeue thou him. 4. Business. Any of a number of individuals with interests and investments in a business or enterprise, among whom expenses, profits, and losses are shared.dormant, predominant, sleeping partner: see the first element. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > non-manual worker > businessman > [noun] > partner partnerc1460 trading partner1780 c1460 (?c1400) Tale of Beryn 3026 (MED) When wee out of Rome saillid both in fere, Tho I was thy felawe & thy partynere, ffor tho the marchandise was more þen halff myne. 1523 Act 14 & 15 Hen. VIII c. 4 §1 (2) They occupie here..not onely for them selfe, but also colourably for other straungers, their frendes, and partiners. 1574 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1878) 1st Ser. II. 513 Not keping societie in the furthering and furnissing of money..as the partinaris..sall appoint. 1613 Compt Bk. D. Wedderburne (1898) 240 Tua punscheounis Wyne perteining to Walter Kynnereis & pairtenaris. 1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 4 Which losse broak my fathers partner, Robert Pontoine. 1713 Boston News-let. 13 Apr. 2/2 Messieurs Francis Clarke and Grove Hirst of Boston Merchants, their time of Partnership being now Expired, and resolving not to act any longer as Partners, save to shut up their Accounts now open in their Books, do signify the same. 1790 A. Smith Theory Moral Sentiments (ed. 6) II. vi. §ii. i. 83 Colleagues in office, partners in trade, call one another brothers; and frequently feel towards one another as if they really were so. 1817 W. Selwyn Abridgem. Law Nisi Prius (ed. 4) II. 1055 How far the Acts of one Partner are binding on his Co~partners. 1833 H. Martineau Berkeley the Banker i. i. 18 In Scotland, there are a great many partners in a bank, which makes it very secure. 1891 Daily News 30 Sept. 7/1 On attaining his majority he was elected partner in the firm, of which at the present moment he is sole partner. 1918 G. C. Davidson North West Co. viii. 226 The highest rank among the persons engaged in the actual trading was that of partner. 1953 J. L. Hanson Textbk. Econ. iii. vi. 93 Partners have equal powers and responsibilities, and each is jointly liable with his co-partners for all the debts and obligations of the firm. 2000 N.Y. Times 31 Dec. xi. 2/5 He has just one partner in a small investment banking firm called Wellfleet Partners. 5. a. A person who is linked by marriage to another, a spouse; a member of a couple who live together or are habitual companions; a lover.Now increasingly used in legal and contractual contexts to refer to a member of a couple in a long-standing relationship of any kind, so as to give equal recognition to marriage, cohabitation, same-sex relationships, etc.Early usage history: Quots. 1577 and 1603 come from the correspondence of Richard and Anne Broughton (née Bagot), who use the term repeatedly in referring to one another in correspondence with other members of their family circle. Such use has not been found elsewhere at this date. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > a lover > [noun] > long-term lover or companion partner1577 rider1607 society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > marriage or wedlock > married person > [noun] > spouse, consort, or partner ferec975 matchOE makec1175 spousea1200 lemanc1275 fellowc1350 likea1393 wed-ferea1400 partyc1443 espouse?c1450 bedfellow1490 yokefellow?1542 espousal1543 spouse1548 mate1549 marrow1554 paragon1557 yokemate1567 partner1577 better halfa1586 twin1592 moiety1611 copemate1631 consort1634 half-marrow1637 matrimonya1640 helpmeet1661 other half1667 helpmate1715 spousie1735 life companion1763 worse half1783 life partner1809 domestic partner1815 ball and chain1921 lover1969 1577 R. Broughton Let. 13 May (Folger L.a.240) If by death my partner should lose her partner I shall prouide for her out of that litle a competent partners part. as touchinge my partners apparell I haue sent vnto her the graue determynacion of a taylor. 1603 A. Broughton Let. 13 Apr. (Folger L.a.232) My Euer good brother mr. Higines opinione was, that my Partner mvst bee att the bathe before maye, hie is gone thether & on satter day I shall heare Doctar shurwoodes opinione. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 128 I stand Before my Judge, either to undergoe My self the total Crime, or to accuse My other self, the partner of my life. View more context for this quotation 1749 T. Smollett Regicide ii. viii. 27 What means the gentle Part'ner of my Heart? 1789 A. Francis Poet. Transl. Song of Solomon Pref. p. viii She speaks but little; just enough to convince her royal partner of the preference her heart gives him. 1816 R. Southey Poet's Pilgrimage to Waterloo i. i. viii So forth I set..And took the partner of my life with me. 1879 F. W. Farrar Life & Work St. Paul II. ix. xxxii. 69 The believing wife or husband might win to the faith the unbelieving partner. 1884 W. Cudworth Dial. Sketches 112 He cud liv o' luv, if shoo wor nobbut his pairtner. 1977 Gay News 24 Mar. 14/3 It is relatively easy for homosexual partners to back-track from their mistakes in partner selection. 1994 Origins Autumn 7/1 If my partner was a man, even if we weren't married I would have got Unemployment Insurance. 2000 Adv. Driving (Inst. Adv. Motorists) Summer 51/2 If you are a married or cohabiting man, try adding your partner to your insurance policy. b. A participant in sexual activity with another. ΚΠ 1940 L. E. Hinsie & J. Shatzky Psychiatric Dict. 403/2 Passivism, a form of sexual perversion in which the subject, usually male, is submissive to the will of the partner in the unnatural sexual practices. 1971 Southerly 31 11 There may be a suggestion of nostalgie de la boue in his choice of sexual partners. 2002 Loaded July (Encycl. Eroticus Suppl.) 17/2 While in an open-mouthed kiss, suck in deeply so you're sucking the air from your partner. 6. A dancing companion. Cf. dancing-partner n. at dancing n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > dancing > dancer generally > [noun] > couple > partner striver1616 partner1623 dancing-partner1920 1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII i. iv. 107 Lead in your Ladies eu'ry one: Sweet Partner, I must not yet forsake you. View more context for this quotation 1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 515. ⁋3 I at first Entrance declared him my Partner if I danced at all. 1765 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy VII. xliv. 159 Changing only partners and tunes, I danced it away from Lunel to Montpellier. 1813 J. Austen Pride & Prejudice I. xviii. 213 Such very superior dancing is not often seen... Allow me to say, however, that your fair partner does not disgrace you. View more context for this quotation 1869 Eng. Mech. 3 Dec. 271/3 Performing with his partner a ‘ladies' chain’ in their fantastic quadrille. 1942 E. Langley Pea Pickers i. 13 Gent negligently holds the concertina behind his partner's neck and plays as he dances with her. 1996 Frank 11 Sept. 21 Several jeroboams of bubbly later, she took to the dance floor with rhumba partner Michael Harrison. 2002 Washington Post 18 Jan. (Home ed.) d33/3 It's a ‘mixer’, with dancers changing partners at random several times during the course of the song. 7. Cards (esp. Bridge); now also Sport (as Tennis, Croquet, etc.). Either of a pair of players forming a team. Also in Cricket: either of the two batters occupying the wicket at the same time; one of a pair of bowlers taking turns to bowl overs. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > [noun] > player on same side partner1633 1633 J. Shirley Wittie Faire One i. sig. B2^v But you did motion cards, Ile chuse my partner And for a set or two I'me at your seruice. 1680 C. Cotton Compl. Gamester (ed. 2) x. 84 If he can have some petty glimpse of his Partners hand. 1742 E. Hoyle Short Treat. Game Whist xiii. 28 If the Leader of that Suit, or his Partner, have the long Trump. 1778 T. Jones Hoyle's Games Improved 60 It appears to you that your Partner has the last Trump. 1816 W. Lambert Instr. & Rules Cricket 35 The Striker should be careful and attentive in running both own and partner's hits. ?1870 F. Hardy & J. R. Ware Mod. Hoyle 1 [Article Whist] The players are divided into a couple of groups, each group being partners, and therefore winning or losing together. Partners sit opposite each other. 1875 J. D. Heath Compl. Croquet-player 49 He never thinks of his partner at all, but places himself in front of his own hoop! 1934 P. Bottome Private Worlds iii. 26 The girl was going to be married to her tennis partner. 1976 J. Snow Cricket Rebel 25 Tony Buss, his opening partner, was far more dangerous to face than he looked from the ringside. 2001 Times 5 Dec. ii. 23/1 The way to find out where partner has his ace(s) is to initiate a ‘cue-bidding’ sequence. 8. to go partners: to become friends or associates (with a person or thing); to form a partnership; (in later use also) to share the profits or rewards of an undertaking. Also †to go in partner. Cf. go v. 35d. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a companion or associate > accompany or be companions [verb (intransitive)] accompany?1490 assist1553 to walk (also travel) in the way with1611 to go partners1716 to draw up1723 to shake together1861 to pal up (also around, out, etc.)1889 1716 B. Griffin Humours of Purgatory ii. ii. 37 Darius and he [sc. Alexander the Great] go Partners here [i.e. in Purgatory]. 1725 D. Defoe Compl. Eng. Tradesman I. iv. 44 He goes in partner with C. D., a scarlet-dyer, called a bow-dyer, at Wandsworth. 1795 S. T. Coleridge Let. 19 Jan. (1956) I. 150 Some 5 men going partners together. 1836 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers (1837) vi. 54 Isabella Wardle and Mr. Trundle ‘went partners’. 1855 E. C. Gaskell North & South II. vi. 76 If you can help me to trap Lieutenant Hale, Miss Dixon, we'll go partners in the reward. 1928 ‘Brent of Bin Bin’ Up Country iii. xxii. 360 I want to go partners. 1973 R. Travers Murder in Blue Mountains ii. 13 His carefully written advertisement, offering to go partners on equal shares in a prospecting trip, was at first placed in the evening paper. 2003 Herald Sun (Melbourne) (Nexis) 15 Mar. (Weekend section) 6 He went partners with a high-rolling drug importer named Tony Tucker. 9. Biology. Each of a group of two or more symbiotically associated organisms. Frequently attributive. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > balance of nature > organisms in interrelationship > [noun] > one or each of two commensal1872 mutualist1874 symbiont1887 symbiote1897 parasymbiont1911 partner1924 parabiont1935 coactee1939 coactor1939 epibiont1949 1924 J. A. Thomson Sci. Old & New xxvii. 147 The fungus partners, which supply the water and salts, sometimes get the upper hand and absorb their partner algae, without which, however, they cannot continue to live. a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. xiii. 292 Cockroaches always have partner (symbiotic) yeasts in their alimentary canal, and these ferment the multifarious food. 1970 Canad. Jrnl. Zool. 48 371 (heading) The association of Calliactis tricolor with its pagurid, calappid, and majid partners in the Caribbean. 1991 Seaword 19 2/1 Corals expel a symbiotic partner from their digestive system, an alga called zooxanthella, which gives corals their distinctive colors. Compounds C1. † partner-cause n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1639 T. Fuller Hist. Holy Warre iv. x. 186 This great overthrow, to omit lesse partner-causes, is chiefly imputed to the Templars..breaking the truce with the Sultan of Babylon. partner state n. ΚΠ 1902 Daily Chron. 5 Aug. 3/2 He calls them [sc. Colonies] rather happily ‘Partner-States’. 1973 Transition No. 43. 44/1 The court..is based in Nairobi, Kenya, but moves between the capitals of the other partner states on a kind of English circuit system. 2003 Hindu (Nexis) 12 Apr. Uttar Pradesh will be made a partner State on the lines of partnership entered with Rajasthan for the joint promotion of tourism in both the States. C2. † partner agency n. Obsolete a shared role. ΚΠ 1647 J. Trapp Comm. Epist. & Rev. (Heb. i. 6) The manhood..hath a partner-agency..in the work of redemption and mediation. partner dance n. a type of dance performed by two people in coordination with each other and usually with set or choreographed steps. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > dancing > types of dance or dancing > dance for specific number of people > [noun] pas de deux1762 pas de trois1762 pas seul1786 pas de quatre1846 pas de seul1870 twosome1911 ensemble1915 partner dance1915 foursome1926 1915 Waterloo (Iowa) Evening Courier 9 Oct. 9/6 Miss Armstrong and Miss Elizabeth Wisner gave a Spanish partner dance. 1981 Dance Res. Jrnl. 13 30/1 He gladly taught her the hora in exchange for authentic Austrian ländlers, a gliding, waltz-like partner dance. 2013 Straits Times (Singapore) (Nexis) 19 Apr. (Life section) West Coast Swing..differs from other partner dances in its interactions between the lead and follow. In West Coast Swing, the follow (woman) is able to add her own moves to the dance. partners' desk n. (also partner desk, partner's desk, partners desk) a large desk at which two people may sit facing one another. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > desk > [noun] deskc1405 lectern1509 dess1552 book desk1686 prie-dieu1687 bureau1698 secretary1803 toys1816 secretaire1818 consulting-desk1823 slope1833 box-desk1860 roll-top1884 type-desk1901 partners' desk1925 partners' pedestal desk1930 console1944 1925 Times 27 July 1/5 (advt.) Bankers—Partner's desk, new condition, rich brown oak..drawers in frieze both sides. 1986 W. Bentley Private Accts. (1988) 40 At one end was a perspex dining-table, and at the other a Victorian partner desk covered with papers. 2002 Evening Standard (Nexis) 4 Dec. 9 There's a classic Georgian partner's desk, 1920s Venetian lamps on Edwardian side tables and a late 20th century sculpture in the Deco fireplace. partners' pedestal desk n. = partners' desk n. ΚΠ 1930 Times 5 June 3/2 (advt.) Mahogany partner's pedestal desk, fitted four short legs to ends of pedestals, fully pannelled sides [etc.]. 1946 Connoisseur Dec. p. i (advt.) Mahogany Partners' Pedestal Desk in style of William Kent. Circa 1745. 2001 Irish Times (Nexis) 20 Oct. 21 A most unusual 19th century partners' pedestal desk in chinoiserie-style green lacquer. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022). partnern.² Brit. /ˈpɑːtnə/, U.S. /ˈpɑrtnər/ Forms: late Middle English paukener (transmission error), 1500s– partner, 1700s partener, 1700s partiner. Origin: Probably a borrowing from French. Etymon: French pautenere. Etymology: Probably originally < Anglo-Norman pautenere loose woman, whore (late 12th cent. or earlier; compare Old French pautoniere (13th cent.); also in Middle French as pauthonnière (16th cent.)), feminine of pautener pautener n.¹ (for similar sense development perhaps compare carling n.¹); subsequently assimilated to partner n.¹It is uncertain whether examples such as the following should be interpreted as showing the Middle English or the Anglo-Norman word:1405–10 Naval Acct. in B. Sandahl Middle Eng. Sea Terms (1951) I. 79 Et in ij peciis maeremij emptis de eodem Johanne pro pawtoners, inde faciendis infra paruam batellam predictam. For an earlier borrowing into post-classical Latin compare:1294–6 Naval Acct. in B. Sandahl Middle Eng. Sea Terms (1951) I. 79 A In Maeremio empto ad pauteneras Galee xvj d. Nautical. Any of several timbers forming a framework secured to and strengthening the deck of a wooden ship around the holes through which the masts, capstan, pump, etc., pass. Chiefly in plural: such a framework. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > [noun] > timbers of hull > timber framing hole in deck partner1432 1432–7 Naval Acct. in B. Sandahl Middle Eng. Sea Terms (1951) I. 79 (MED) Et in xxvj peciis maeremij emptis de prefato Johanne pro bemes, fforlokes, paukeners, hurdyse, [etc.]. 1599 W. Raleigh in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) II. ii. 199 The length of the keele was 100 foote, of the maine-mast 121 foot, and the circuite about at the partners 10 foote 7 inches. a1608 F. Vere Comm. (1657) 48 My main mast being in the partners rent to the very spindell. 1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies II. l. 219 Our Main mast breaking in the Parteners of the Upper-deck, disabled both our Pumps. 1780 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Partners, certain pieces of plank nailed round the several scuttles, or holes, in a ship's deck, wherein are contained the masts and capsterns. They are used to strengthen the deck where it is weakened by those breaches, but particularly to support it when the mast leans against it. 1874 S. J. P. Thearle Naval Archit. (new ed.) I. 47 The mast holes of a ship with wood beams are framed with a series of carlings termed fore and aft partners, cross partners, and angle chocks. 1955 C. N. Longridge Anat. Nelson's Ships i. ii. 46 The special timbers on each deck arranged to keep the mast steady..are..called the ‘partners’ and were pieces of thick plank fitted between the beams and strengthened by strong knees. 1987 Yachting World Apr. 102/3 The three-panel, Selden mast..was not chocked at the partners as it should have been and this made the rig a little soft during our test. Compounds † partner-plate n. Obsolete a plate on the deck of a wooden ship to which the partners are secured. ΚΠ 1869 E. J. Reed Shipbuilding xv. 273 In some ships the partner-plates have been cut away in order to allow corner chocks of the wood partners to pass down through in one length. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). partnerv. Brit. /ˈpɑːtnə/, U.S. /ˈpɑrtnər/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: partner n.¹ Etymology: < partner n.¹ rare before 19th cent. 1. transitive. To make (a person) a partner; to join or associate with someone or something else. Usually in passive. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > associate with [verb (transitive)] > associate with as partner > make (someone) a partner partnera1616 a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) i. vi. 122 A Lady So faire,..to be partner'd With Tomboyes. View more context for this quotation 1819 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 5 592 A respectable accompaniment of lads and ‘lasses free’; with whom it is time to partner ourselves on the green. 1898 Times 10 June 11/4 Harry Vardon, who was partnered with Bob Simpson. 1909 Westm. Gaz. 8 Feb. 12/4 Supposing a plus 3 man is partnered with a steady player whose handicap is 8, the two as a foursome side would be handicapped at 5. 1970 J. Earl How to choose Tuners & Amplifiers i. 14 Most amplifiers can be partnered with a tuner of matching style and size. 2000 Petcare Jan. 3/3 Finally the dog is partnered with a disabled person during a two-week intensive residential course. 2. To associate or work as partners; to become partners, enter into partnership or a relationship. a. intransitive. With with. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > associate together or with [verb (intransitive)] > associate as partners partner1859 1859 J. W. Loguen Rev. J. W. Loguen 79 He partnered with his brothers Carnes and Manasseth in the crime that kidnapped her when a little child. 1961 Webster's 3rd New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. (at cited word) Him and me, we partnered once. A. B. Mayse. 1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 Feb. (Mag.) 9/2 In 1929 he partnered with a U.S. businessman, Ben Raeburn, to publish a series of ‘forbidden’ sex books. 1985 L. McMurtry Lonesome Dove (1986) xxiv. 222 It's odd I partnered with a man like you. 2000 Daily Tel. 7 Mar. 39/4 Alba has partnered with Pace Micro Technology, which manufactures set-top boxes for digital TV. b. intransitive. With up, off. ΚΠ 1982 Legal Times (Nexis) 4 Jan. 3 Former SEC and FERC enforcer Theodore Sonde..has partnered up with D.C.'s Cole & Corette. 1991 P. Lewis Martial Arts 53 These advanced techniques involve partnering up with a fellow student and following a step-by-step routine of attack, defence and counter-attack. 1996 Washington Times (Nexis) 26 Sept. m4 We usually do a footwork drill to Irish music... After that, we'll start partnering off, and the students will create their own phrases or fights. 2001 National Post (Canada) 25 Aug. w2/1 She..explained that being single in Toronto is most definitely over. ‘No one's doing it any more. Everyone's partnering up for life.’ 3. transitive. To be or act as the partner of; (spec. in Ballet) to lift or support (a dancer) (cf. partnering n. 2). ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > associate with [verb (transitive)] > associate with as partner to go (also be) mates1842 partner1876 1876 J. B. L. Warren Soldier of Fortune iii. iii. 268 You partnered me, And raked the ashes up in our dull home. 1882 Daily Tel. 24 June The Colonials had scored 192 for the loss of four wickets,..on resuming Bonnor partnered Giffen. 1894 N. Brit. Daily Mail 4 Sept. 3 Golf... The Right Hon. A. J. Balfour..had a couple of rounds, partnering Mr. A. M. Ross against Mr. R. M. Harvey and Mr. Ben Sayers. 1955 Times 13 June 12/5 On Saturday night Miss Smythe had partnered Flanagan to victory in the opening event of the Show. 1977 New Yorker 4 July 70/2 Charles Ward and Clark Tippet are soloists who do not belong in the premier-danseur roles they have to assume in order to partner Gregory or van Hamel. 1990 N.Y. Times 4 Feb. h9 It is no longer unusual to see women partnering—hefting and carrying—men in modern dance. 2001 Terrorizer Sept. 16/2 Now partnered by vocalist Apollos, Intra-Venus' recent sophomore effort ‘Irreverence’ continues their masterly fusion of traditional goth aesthetics and contemporary darkwave sounds. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹c1300n.²1432v.a1616
随便看	uncomposable uncomposed uncompound uncompoundable uncompounded under, within etc the dint of under, within the dint of under, within, etc, the cognizance of under- under-abyss under-accident under-accommodated under-achieve under-achievement under-achiever under-achieving under-action under-actor under-admiral under-adventurer under-age under-agency under-agent under-agitation under-aid

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