abandonn.²

Brit.

/əˈband(ə)n/, U.S.

/əˈbændən/

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French abandon.

Etymology: < French abandon abandonment, surrender, freedom from constraint (see abandon n.¹); in sense 1 probably also influenced by abandon v. Compare earlier abandoning n. and abandonment n.This is an independent later borrowing of the same French word borrowed earlier as abandon n.¹ N.E.D. (1884) also records the word as denoting a person who has abandoned or forsaken something, but this is probably based on a typographical error:1605 E. Sandys Relation State of Relig. sig. F4^v A Friar, an abandon [1629 abandoner] of the world, a man wholy rapt with divine affections and extasies. For sense 2, N.E.D. (1884) also records the (already obsolete) pronunciations (abāndo·ṅ) /abɑ̃ːˈdɔ̃/ and (æbănd·ǫŋ /æbənˈdɒŋ/.

a. The action of abandoning; abandonment, relinquishment; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > relinquishing > [noun]

resignationc1380

resigning1395

upgivingc1423

cessionc1440

delivery?c1452

resign1457

remittinga1475

resignment1543

surrendry1547

resignal?1573

quittancea1593

relinquishment1593

delinquishment1603

abandon1614

surrendering1648

untaking1657

permission1677

vacating1820

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Abandon The quitting, abandonment, or prostitution of a thing vnto others.]

1614 E. Grimeston tr. P. Matthieu Hist. Lewis XI vii. 210 The Dukes Armie resolued..to a Generall abandon [Fr. abandonnement] of Campe, baggage and Artillerie.

?1698 tr. A. Bourignon Admirable Treat. Solid Virtue 237 The abandon of our Will unto that of God.

1774 Ld. Kames Sketches Hist. Man I. ii. 518 These heavy exactions, have occasioned an abandon of all mines but what are of the richest sort.

1894 Frank Leslie's Pop. Monthly 38 230 Each successive summer arouses his expectancy as to what the limits of propriety and the abandon of custom will allow.

1907 School Sci. & Math. 7 258 I like to stimulate the imaginative power of my students..but that does not mean an abandon of exactness.

1979 R. Magowan Tour de France x. 102 He had to give up and abandon the race. Already in the sag wagon were Jose Pesarrodona..and Martinez-Heredia. That's almost as many abandons as in the previous nine days.

1995 O. Chapuis Hist. Vietnam ii. 57 After the abandon of Angkor, the Devaraja cult waned.

2002 C. Rosen Beethoven's Piano Sonatas 219 The price of that change was oddly an abandon of..experimental principles.

†b. spec. In marine insurance: the relinquishment to the underwriters of all claim to property insured. Cf. abandonment n. 4. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > relinquishing > [noun] > in compliance with demand

abandon1755

abdication1755

abandonment1787

cession1788

1755 N. Magens Ess. Insurances I. 89 The Insurers shall be obliged to pay 92 per cent. within two months from and after the Time such Abandon was notified to them.

1814 Digested Index Mod. Rep. Courts Common Law II. 225/2 If the abandon be legal, it puts the underwriters completely, in the place of the assured.

1886 tr. C. von Kaltenborn in U.S. Rep. (Supreme Court) 118 532 Modern maritime laws free the owners, by the abandon of the ship,..from all further liability.

2. Complete freedom from constraint or convention; surrender or abandonment to natural impulses; lack of inhibition or restraint. Also: an instance of this. Cf. self-abandon n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > unaffectedness or naturalness > [noun] > naturalness or lack of constraint

unconstrainedness1656

shamelessness1667

unconstraint1713

self-abandonment1811

abandon1815

abandonment1834

self-abandon1837

free-and-easiness1842

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > absence of resistance > [noun] > to an influence, etc.

resignationa1500

abandonment1593

self-surrender1647

submittal1798

abandon1815

1815 H. C. Robinson Diary 20 May in London Theatre (1966) 64 She threw her whole feeling into her acting And by this abandon, as it were, she wrought wonders.

1850 A. Jameson Sacred & Legendary Art 210 Flung in all the abandon of solitude amid the depth of leafy recesses.

1879 E. Dowden Southey iii. 75 He had not yet come out from the glow and the noble abandon of the South.

1924 Amer. Mercury Nov. 293/1 Books and articles..have been appearing in the last five years with an abandon which could fairly be called reckless.

1958 K. Amis I Like it Here iv. 45 They all chattered away gaily..throwing down the horrible draught with abandon.

2005 New Yorker 17 Oct. 38/1 Instead of loucheness of tango and the abandon of flamenco, you get a sleek, calculated, and artful spectacle.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

abandonv.

Brit.

/əˈband(ə)n/, U.S.

/əˈbændən/

Forms: Middle English abaundon, Middle English abaundone, Middle English abawndone, Middle English habaundon, Middle English habounden, Middle English–1500s abandone, Middle English–1500s abandoun, Middle English–1500s abandoune, Middle English–1500s abandune, Middle English–1500s habandone, Middle English–1500s habandonne, Middle English–1500s habandoune, Middle English– abandon, 1500s habandon, 1500s habaundonne, 1500s habondone; Scottish pre-1700 abandoun, pre-1700 abandoune, pre-1700 abandown, pre-1700 abaundon, pre-1700 abaundoun, pre-1700 abawndon, pre-1700 abawndown, pre-1700 abondon, pre-1700 habandon, pre-1700 habandoun, pre-1700 1700s– abandon.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French abandoner.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman abanduner, abandener, abandouner , abaundoner , abondoner , habandonner , habandoner , Anglo-Norman and Middle French abandoner, habandonner , habandoner (Middle French, French abandonner ) to release, let go of (a thing) (c1100 in Old French as abanduner ), to give freedom of action (12th cent.), to give up (a person to the control of others) (c1200), to banish (a1420), to desert, forsake (1422, earliest with reference to a place), (reflexive) to allow oneself to go, to rush (into something) (both c1100), to expose oneself to danger (c1170), to devote oneself (to something) (first half of the 13th cent.), apparently either < abandon abandon n.¹ or directly < the phrase a bandon (see abandon adv.). Compare post-classical Latin abandonare , abandonnare to indicate as bail (13th cent.), to pronounce, permit, or forbid by a public decree (13th cent.), to give up, surrender (13th cent. in a British source). Compare ( < French) Old Occitan abandonar (13th cent.), Catalan abandonar (14th cent.), Spanish abandonar (mid 14th cent.), Portuguese abandonar (13th cent.), Italian abbandonare (13th cent.). Compare aband v.

I. To give up or relinquish completely.

1. transitive. To let go, give up, renounce (a pursuit, practice, possession, etc.); to cease to use, have, or practise.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > completing > non-completion > do incompletely [verb (transitive)] > abandon an attempt or enterprise

waivec1386

abandona1393

abandonate?1561

to give up1589

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) Prol. 766 (MED) Thus was abandoned Thempire, Which cam nevere ayein Into the hond of no Romein.

1567 T. Drant tr. Horace Pistles in tr. Horace Arte of Poetrie sig. Hiiij^v Thou must abandon vnquoth words.

1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. I. ii. ii. sig. G.viii/2 The commaundement for abandoning and not worshipping of images.

1602 T. Campion Obseruations Art Eng. Poesie sig. A7 The noble Grecians and Romaines..abandoning the childish titillation of riming.

c1665 L. Hutchinson Mem. Col. Hutchinson (1973) 46 The nobillity and courtiers, who did not quite abandon their debosheries.

1725 N. Robinson New Theory of Physick 211 Highly dangerous is it for those, that have been us'd to the most generous Wines, suddenly to abandon those Noble Liquors.

1777 E. Burke Let. to Sheriffs Bristol 44 The sense of the nation obliged the court of King Charles 2d. to abandon the Dutch war.

1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. xvi. 172 Our fine theodolite we were forced to abandon.

1879 J. Lubbock Sci. Lect. v. 152 It is a great mistake to suppose that implements of stone were abandoned directly metal was discovered.

1903 ‘O. Henry’ in Munsey's Mag. July 584/2 The rangers mounted and pursued, but..Lieutenant Manning gave the word to abandon the chase and return to camp.

1939 P. György & R. G. Eckardt in Nature 16 Sept. 512/2 The term adermin, because it is misleading, should be abandoned... The term pyridoxin appears to be appropriate.

1999 L. Kennedy All in Mind iv. 49 The Jews were the first significant group of people in the world to abandon the plethora of minor gods with which most societies saddled themselves.

2. transitive. To give up (a thing or person) to the control or discretion of another; to surrender or relinquish completely to another person or agent.

ΚΠ

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Parson's Tale (Ellesmere) (1877) §874 Auowtrie..tho that whilom weren o flessh abawndone hir bodyes to othere persones.

1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 44 If thou wol habandone to thy body al his wil thou shalt be the worse.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 7 (MED) She..abandoned hire body to alle men.

1571 G. Buchanan Admonitioun Trew Lordis sig. B.3^v Scho..wald not abandoun him to thair vnmercyfull crueltie.

1617 R. Willet tr. N. S. Merry Iests xvii. 26 You may marry your Daughter to some honest man,..then..abandon her to those adultrous Monkes.

1667 J. Dryden Annus Mirabilis 1666 cciv. 57 He sigh'd, abandoning his charge to Fate.

1734 J. Miller Mother-in-law iv. i. 60 I abandon you to your evil Constitution.

1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. I. (init.) To abandon that place to the merciless fury of the enemy.

1803 W. Wittman Trav. in Turkey x. 221 They have a great dread of fire-arms, and abandon the field to their adversary.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 303 Those who completely abandoned to others the direction of the vessels.

1898 J. M. Price From Euston to Klondyke x. 159 We had reluctantly to abandon the fellow to his chance of getting off on one of the many boats following us.

1924 Times 29 Dec. 6/2 To abandon him to all kinds of temptation..is a mark of indifference and inhumanity.

1997 N.Y. Times 4 May e15/5 But what were we going to do in 1994? Let Web twist in the wind? Abandon him to that sumbitch Starr, until he started talking?

3. transitive (reflexive). To devote or give oneself up without resistance or restraint to a passion, emotion, unreasoning impulse, etc. In quot. 1483 intransitive with reflexive meaning.

ΚΠ

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Melibeus (Hengwrt) (2003) §607 A man þ^t is to desirynge to geten richesses abandoneth hym first to thefte.

c1450 (c1400) Bk. Vices & Virtues (Huntington) (1942) 282 (MED) Þat þei habounden hem not to þe vanite and couetise of þis world.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 144/2 After he abandonned to lede an holy lyf.

1564 N. Haward tr. Eutropius Briefe Chron. vii. sig. M.iiii [Nero] at laste, did habondone hymselfe whollye over to so great disworship, that he woulde daunce and singe openly in the apparaile of common mynstrelles.

1585 A. Golding tr. P. Mela Worke of Cosmographer i. viii. 15 Women, the first night they are married, shall abandon themselues to the common abuse of all men.

1651 tr. F. de Quintana Hist. Don Fenise 144 [He] abandoned himselfe to divine mercie, and to the misericord of the waves.

1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 198 They gave themselves up, and..abandon'd themselves to their Despair.

1769 Ld. Kames Elements Crit. (ed. 4) I. ii. 33 Have nothing left but to abandon themselves to chance.

1822 Amicus Addr. to Seamen 22 Sept. in E. Morrison Mem. Robert Morrison App. p. 41 In China the British Sailor too commonly..abandons himself to the grossest, and most unrestrained indulgence, of his beastly appetites.

1879 J. McCarthy Hist. our Own Times II. xxix. 379 He seldom abandons himself altogether to the inspiration of the poet.

1923 A. Bennett Riceyman Steps iii. v. 150 She laid her head on the table just like a schoolgirl abandoning herself utterly to some girlish grief.

1955 Rotarian July 54/3 The church made clerics do elaborate penance for abandoning themselves to the pleasures of the game.

2009 Guardian (Nexis) 19 Dec. (Review section) 6 The hugely gifted boy..abandoned himself to drink and high living, and died..at the age of 30.

a. transitive. To desert or forsake (a place, person, or cause); to leave behind; to leave without help or support.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > relinquishing > casting or laying aside > [verb (transitive)] > forsake

forlet971

beleavec1175

letc1175

forleavec1225

forsakea1300

waivec1330

forgoa1400

forhowa1400

sakea1400

forloinc1400

forlesec1460

abandonc1475

destitute1530

aband1587

bandon1587

leese1590

linquish1591

desert1603

derelicta1631

c1475 tr. A. Chartier Quadrilogue (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1974) 217 (MED) The moost partie of thaim wer entendinge to..abandoune [Fr. habandonner] the citee of Rome.

1490 W. Caxton tr. Boke yf Eneydos vi. sig. Cij To habandoune & leue the swete countrey of theyr natiuyte.

1566 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure I. iii. F 7^v When the enemies were approched, the rurall people abandonyng their colonies, fledde for rescue into the citie.

1588 W. Allen Admon. to Nobility & People 57 The like vsurper Richard the third, being..abandoned of the nobility and people.

a1618 W. Raleigh Apol. Voy. Guiana 55 in Judicious & Sel. Ess. (1650) Otherwise we must for ever abandon the Indies, and loose all our knowledge..of that part of the world.

1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 120 As one past hope, abandon'd, And by himself given over.

1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 124 How can you abandon your own Flesh, and Blood?

1792 J. Almon Anecd. Life W. Pitt (octavo ed.) II. xxii. 3 King Frederick's good fortune did not abandon him.

1830 W. Taylor Hist. Surv. German Poetry III. 134 Baron Wildenhain had seduced and abandoned the companioness of his mother.

1890 W. Besant in Eng. Illustr. Mag. 7 320 She gave up her husband and home; she abandoned her children.

1911 J. Conrad Under Western Eyes i. iii. 81 Razumov's self-confidence abandoned him completely.

1939 A. Thirkell Brandons vii. 183 Le Capet, whose fourth mistress had just abandoned him for an elderly commis voyageur.

2002 Independent 20 Apr. i. 15/1 The San people say they cannot abandon their land because it contains the graves of ancestors.

b. transitive. spec. To desert or leave (a vessel) because of an imminent danger of sinking, burning, etc. Also figurative and in extended use. Cf. to abandon ship at Phrases a.

ΚΠ

1712 W. Darrell Gentleman Instructed: 3rd Pt. ii. 66 All his companions like Rats in a storm abandon'd the sinking Vessel, and he found himself in a Jail, before he dream'd of a Baily.

1763 J. Dobson Chronological Ann. War ii. 259 The enemy took to their boats, and abandoned the ship.

1795 E. Burke Fourth Let. Peace Regicide Directory in Writings & Speeches (1991) IX. 117 The helm of justice is abandoned. She [sc. government]..will be buffeted..until..the victorious tenth wave shall sink her.

1812 Weekly Reg. (Baltimore) 24 Oct. 126/1 The British, having two of their boats so knocked to pieces as to render it necessary to abandon them,..were compelled to relinquish the unprofitable contest.

1843 W. Bolton Narr. Last Cruise U. S. Steam Frigate Missouri 28 [They] abandoned the ship forever. Soon after the whole forecastle decks tumbled in.

1866 A. S. Stephens Pict. Hist. War for Union II. 182 She proceeded to Fort Taylor..where she grounded on a bar, exposed to the fire of the guns of the fort, and her crew was compelled to abandon the vessel, which fell into the hands of the enemy.

1929 Papers Michigan Acad. Sci., Arts & Lett. 10 313 When a mystery ship was torpedoed, the panic party took to the boats, apparently abandoning the vessel.

1990 Lifeboat Summer 276/2 The video runs through a lifeboat rescue, rescue by helicopter, a fire on board and abandoning the yacht to a liferaft.

2006 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 30 Dec. d6/1 Mike Golding and Alex Thomson of Britain pulled out in November when Thomson abandoned his vessel..after the ballast keel broke.

†5. transitive (reflexive). Chiefly Scottish. To give oneself up recklessly or impetuously; to risk oneself; (also) to devote oneself fully. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

c1480 (a1400) St. Ninian 58 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 305 He..hyme abondonit ythanly in prayere, fastyng, & in wake.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xvii. 393 Thar mycht men assailȝeouris se Abandoune [1489 Adv. Abandoun] thame richt hardely.

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) xxxvii. sig. Gv Hector..spurred hys horse and habandoned hymselfe amonge his enemyes.

c1580 ( tr. Bk. Alexander (1925) I. i. 2602 Thay of Gaderis..Abandoned thame into the ficht.

6. transitive. To sacrifice, surrender, or put at risk, esp. in order to achieve something. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > relinquishing > relinquish or give up [verb (transitive)]

forsakec893

forlet971

to reach upOE

agiveOE

yield?c1225

uptake1297

up-yield1297

yield1297

deliverc1300

to-yielda1375

overgivec1384

grant1390

forbeara1400

livera1400

forgoc1400

upgive1415

permit1429

quit1429

renderc1436

relinquish1479

abandonc1485

to hold up?1499

enlibertyc1500

surrender1509

cess1523

relent1528

to cast up?1529

resignate1531

uprender1551

demit1563

disclaim1567

to fling up1587

to give up1589

quittance1592

vail1593

enfeoff1598

revoke1599

to give off1613

disownc1620

succumb1632

abdicate1633

delinquish1645

discount1648

to pass away1650

to turn off1667

choke1747

to jack up1870

chuck up (the sponge)1878

chuckc1879

unget1893

sling1902

to jack in1948

punt1966

to-leave-

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 122 J say nocht na he sulde..abandoun all his gudis, lyf and body to sauf the cristyn faith.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xx. 334 Whan he his body thus a-bandoneth for vs well ought we oures for to abandone for hym.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccxv. 272 All those that wolde take on them this croysey, and that wolde abandon their bodyes willyngly to distroy these yuell people and their companyons.

1642 D. Rogers Naaman 163 He will abandon all his worth, and gage his credit too, but hee will haue it.

1711 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 13 Mar. (1965) I. 91 I..abandon all things to the care of pleasing you.

1799 Asiatic Researches (London ed.) 5 9 The Viceroy was so affected..that he determined to abandon all for the sake of proceeding with them into Arabia.

1864 Cultivator June 188 He was one of the first in obeying the call of his country, and willingly abandoned everything, to lay down his life, if need be, in her service.

1887 W. D. Howells Mod. Ital. Poets 61 He abandoned everything else for it—country, home, money, friends.

1994 K. C. Hatch tr. B. B. Dadié Afr. in Paris 63 These people..willingly abandon everything to serve their country.

†7. transitive. To release, set free, liberate. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or detachment > loosening or unfastening > loosen, unfasten, or untie [verb (transitive)] > and release

loose1382

abandon1582

to cast loosec1600

disengage1662

enfranchise1682

unwhip1683

release1807

1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis ii. 30 Thow soon of holye Godesse, from flame thy carcas abandon [no direct equivalent in L. original]. Thee foes haue conquerd, Troytowne is fired of al sydes.

8. transitive. Commercial Law (chiefly in marine insurance). To relinquish to the underwriters all interest in or claim to (property insured) after a loss. Also intransitive.

ΚΠ

1755 N. Magens Ess. Insurances I. 89 When a ship..shall not be heard of in three months beyond the usual time for such a voyage, she may be considered as lost, and the Insured is permitted to abandon Ship and Cargo to the Insurers, and to demand payment of the sums they have respectively underwrote.

1787 J. Millar Elements Law Insurances ii. iii. 289 Immediate notice was given by the assured to the underwriters, accompanied with an offer to abandon the ship to their care.

1809 T. E. Tomlins Jacob's Law-dict. at Insurance ii. 7 As soon as the Insured receive accounts of such a loss as entitles them to abandon, they must, in the first instance, make their election whether they will abandon or not.

1848 J. Arnould Law Marine Insurance II. iii. ix. 1161 If the assured, by mortgaging his ship, has parted with the power of conveying an absolute title, he cannot abandon to the underwriters on ship.

1914 Times 4 June 7/2 (title) Liner Abandoned To The Underwriters.

1932 Times 19 Oct. 4/2 In 1923, after the cargo had been abandoned to the underwriters, the Salvage association contracted with two English engineers..to search for the wreck.

1995 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 8 Aug. The shipowners were paid for the loss of the ship and abandoned it to the underwriters.

†II. To subjugate.

9. transitive. Chiefly Scottish. To bring under complete control or authority; to subjugate, subject, subdue. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > subject [verb (transitive)]

wieldOE

i-weldeOE

onwaldOE

overwieldlOE

amaistera1250

underlaya1300

daunt1303

underbringc1320

yoke?c1335

undercasta1340

afaitec1350

faite1362

subjecta1382

to make subjectc1384

distraina1400

underlouta1400

underthewa1400

underset1422

subjectc1460

subjuge?1473

submise?1473

dompt1480

suppedit?1483

to keep under1486

abandon1487

bandon?a1500

suppeditatec1545

to bring under1563

reduce1569

assubject1579

overpower1597

envassal1606

assubjugate1609

vassal1612

subact1619

vassalize1647

vassalate1659

to school down1818

to ride herd on (also over)1895

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) iv. 391 And sua the land abandonit [1489 Adv. abandownyt] he That nane durst warn do his will.

a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Ei^v I haue welth at wyll Fortune to her lawys can not abandune me.

1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome ii. 141 The majeste of consulis micht nocht abandoun the instant furie of pepill.

1581 R. Sempill Complaint vpon Fortoun (single sheet) He..Abandoned the borders that na man durst rebell.

†III. To banish.

10. transitive. To banish, proscribe; to expel, cast out, reject. Also reflexive. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > send away or dismiss

congeec1330

turnc1330

putc1350

dismitc1384

refusea1387

repel?a1439

avyec1440

avoida1464

depart1484

license1484

to give (a person) his (also her, etc.) leave?a1513

demit1529

dispatcha1533

senda1533

to send a grazing1533

demise1541

dimiss1543

abandon1548

dimit1548

discharge1548

dismiss1548

to turn off1564

aband1574

quit1575

hencea1586

cashier1592

to turn away1602

disband1604

amand1611

absquatulize1829

chassé1847

to send to the pack1912

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > exclusion from society > exclude from society [verb (transitive)] > cast out from society

to cast out1297

outcasta1325

expel1534

abandon1548

1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. New Test. Matt. xi. f. lxvi^v He might..abandone them from him [L. ab se alienatos] and deliuer them to Jesus.

1567 R. Mulcaster tr. J. Fortescue Learned Commendation Lawes Eng. f. 98 To abandon synne out of the royalme, and to auaunce vertue.

1577 T. Vautrollier tr. M. Luther Comm. Epist. to Galathians (new ed.) f. 6 Thus I abandone my selfe from all actiue righteousness, both of mine owne and of Gods law.

1581 J. Studley tr. Seneca Hippolytus i, in T. Newton et al. tr. Seneca 10 Trag. f. 58^v Craggy crested Taurus mount whose hoary and frosty face With numming cold abandons all inhabitors the place.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) Induct. ii. 112 Being all this time abandon'd from your bed.

1649 Bp. J. Hall Resol. & Decisions ii. viii. 187 Whipt them in the publique Amphitheater, and abandond them out of their dominions.

1660 Scutum Regale: Royal Buckler 137 Flatterers will he abandon from his Court, and those who keep other mens estates will he banish from his Realm.

Phrases

a. to abandon ship: to desert or leave a ship because of an imminent danger of sinking, burning, etc. Also figurative: to leave or pull out of an undertaking, esp. one which is going badly.

ΚΠ

1861 F. Winslow Rep. 24 Oct. in Message President U.S. to Congr. 675 A signal..was erroneously reported to Captain Handy as a signal to abandon ship.

1919 Fitchburg (Mass.) Daily Sentinel 12 Nov. 4/4 There was no single hitch in putting out the boats and abandoning ship.

1969 A. Bennett Forty Years On i. 18 You can't abandon ship at this late date, Headmaster. We're relying on you.

1998 BBC Match of Day Mag. Apr. 83/1 The Napoleon-sized coach refused to accept his marching orders when Italy had to return home early after the first round, only to abandon ship unexpectedly in mid-December.

2007 Virginian-Pilot (Norfolk, Va.) (Nexis) 12 Apr. a11 After battling the fire for about 90 minutes, the crew had to abandon ship.

b. In imperative, as a command or warning. Also: a signal expressing this.

ΚΠ

1876 W. H. G. Kingston Three Commanders xxi. 378 ‘It can't be that!’ he exclaimed, as he read, ‘Abandon ship, and come on board me with your crew.’

1918 Times 13 Nov. 6/1 Immediately after the explosion ‘Panic stations’ was ordered, followed in due course by ‘Abandon ship’.

1966 H. Brean Traces of Merrilee viii. 85 A steady blasting of the ship's whistle sounded abandon ship that afternoon shortly before six bells, if you like nautical parlance.

1990 S. S. Tepper Raising Stones ii. vii. 415 ‘Get away?’ he said stupidly. ‘Abandon ship,’ she shouted at him.

2010 Pembroke (Ont.) Observer (Nexis) 22 July a5 McVay then reluctantly issued the order all ship's captains dread: ‘Abandon ship!’

c. Used attributively, in abandon ship drill, abandon ship signal, etc.

ΚΠ

1886 Proc. U.S. Naval Inst. 12 376 The second boat bill should be the ‘abandon-ship’ bill, and should contain the names of all on board.

1899 Chums 22 Mar. 492/3 The realistic ‘Abandon Ship’ drill is..described by a naval officer.

1918 C. J. Swan My Company i. 11 They were so bunked that they could get to the decks ahead of the company when the ‘abandon ship’ signal was given.

1993 A. Higgins Lions of Grunewald xxxi. 200 She let loose her blood-curdling abandon-ship scream, calculated to stop the heart.

2010 Weekend Post (Port Elizabeth) (Nexis) 13 Nov. The sinking made headlines across the world because the rescue and abandon ship procedures went terribly wrong.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	abandon
释义	† abandonn.¹ Forms: late Middle English abandoun, late Middle English aboundon, late Middle English aboundoun, late Middle English–1500s abandon; Scottish pre-1700 abandoun, pre-1700 abandoune, pre-1700 abandown, pre-1700 abaundan, pre-1700 abaundon. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French abandon. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman abandun, abaundun abandonment, surrender (first half of the 13th cent. or earlier) and Middle French abandon power, jurisdiction, discretion (12th cent. in Old French (see phrases below); French abandon ; also in sense ‘freedom from constraint’ (1607 in en abandon without constraint)) < a bandon (see abandon adv.). Compare post-classical Latin abandonum , abandonium (13th cent.), abandum (late 12th cent.), all in sense ‘security’. Compare ( < French) Old Occitan abandon , Catalan abandó (13th cent.), Spanish abandono (14th cent.), Italian abbandono (c1294). Compare earlier bandon n. (With to hold under one's abandon at sense 2 compare earlier to be in a person's bandon, to be at a person's bandon; with to put in a person's abandon at sense 2 compare in one's bandon at bandon n. 1.) Compare also later abandon n.²With at abandoun compare Middle French a abandon at (a person's) disposal, at (a person's) mercy (late 12th cent. in Old French); with in abandoun compare Middle French en abandon at risk, at (a person's) disposal (both c1165 in Old French in metre en abandun ), impetuously (c1369). With to put in a person's abandon at sense 2 compare post-classical Latin ponere in abandonum , ponere in abandonium (13th cent.), Middle French mettre en abandon to put at (a person's) disposal (c1165 in Old French). With to give in abandon at sense 1 compare post-classical Latin dare in abandonum, dare in abandonium (13th cent.). Obsolete. 1. Chiefly Scottish. at (also in) abandoun: recklessly, impetuously; unreservedly, freely. to give in abandon: to give freely. ΚΠ a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 2342 He that..for a kyssyng..Yaff hoole his herte..He yeve his good in a boundoun. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xv. 59 The scottis men dang on so fast, And schot on thame at abandoune [1489 Adv. abandoun]. a1530 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Royal) ix. 740 All tha..Ischyd to fecht at abandown. 2. Complete control. Chiefly in to hold under one's abandon: to have under one's control; to put in (also to) a person's abandon: to put at a person's disposal. Cf. bandon n. 1. ΚΠ a1450 Quixley's Ballades in Yorks. Archæol. Jrnl. (1909) 20 48 (MED) If he holde hit sugit vnder his abandoun. 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 82 I haue nothing of valeur, but that ye shal haue at your abandon & will [Fr. en vostre habandon]. a1500 (?a1425) tr. Secreta Secret. (Lamb.) 102 (MED) & puttys his persone & his goodes to þi aboundon [read abaundon] & plesaunce. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ix. 8 I and my sonne shall be to you for euer bounde, and wyll put all the realme of Ingland in your abandon. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online September 2021). abandonn.² Brit. /əˈband(ə)n/, U.S. /əˈbændən/ Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French abandon. Etymology: < French abandon abandonment, surrender, freedom from constraint (see abandon n.¹); in sense 1 probably also influenced by abandon v. Compare earlier abandoning n. and abandonment n.This is an independent later borrowing of the same French word borrowed earlier as abandon n.¹ N.E.D. (1884) also records the word as denoting a person who has abandoned or forsaken something, but this is probably based on a typographical error:1605 E. Sandys Relation State of Relig. sig. F4^v A Friar, an abandon [1629 abandoner] of the world, a man wholy rapt with divine affections and extasies. For sense 2, N.E.D. (1884) also records the (already obsolete) pronunciations (abāndo·ṅ) /abɑ̃ːˈdɔ̃/ and (æbănd·ǫŋ /æbənˈdɒŋ/. 1. a. The action of abandoning; abandonment, relinquishment; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > relinquishing > [noun] resignationc1380 resigning1395 upgivingc1423 cessionc1440 delivery?c1452 resign1457 remittinga1475 resignment1543 surrendry1547 resignal?1573 quittancea1593 relinquishment1593 delinquishment1603 abandon1614 surrendering1648 untaking1657 permission1677 vacating1820 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Abandon The quitting, abandonment, or prostitution of a thing vnto others.] 1614 E. Grimeston tr. P. Matthieu Hist. Lewis XI vii. 210 The Dukes Armie resolued..to a Generall abandon [Fr. abandonnement] of Campe, baggage and Artillerie. ?1698 tr. A. Bourignon Admirable Treat. Solid Virtue 237 The abandon of our Will unto that of God. 1774 Ld. Kames Sketches Hist. Man I. ii. 518 These heavy exactions, have occasioned an abandon of all mines but what are of the richest sort. 1894 Frank Leslie's Pop. Monthly 38 230 Each successive summer arouses his expectancy as to what the limits of propriety and the abandon of custom will allow. 1907 School Sci. & Math. 7 258 I like to stimulate the imaginative power of my students..but that does not mean an abandon of exactness. 1979 R. Magowan Tour de France x. 102 He had to give up and abandon the race. Already in the sag wagon were Jose Pesarrodona..and Martinez-Heredia. That's almost as many abandons as in the previous nine days. 1995 O. Chapuis Hist. Vietnam ii. 57 After the abandon of Angkor, the Devaraja cult waned. 2002 C. Rosen Beethoven's Piano Sonatas 219 The price of that change was oddly an abandon of..experimental principles. †b. spec. In marine insurance: the relinquishment to the underwriters of all claim to property insured. Cf. abandonment n. 4. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > relinquishing > [noun] > in compliance with demand abandon1755 abdication1755 abandonment1787 cession1788 1755 N. Magens Ess. Insurances I. 89 The Insurers shall be obliged to pay 92 per cent. within two months from and after the Time such Abandon was notified to them. 1814 Digested Index Mod. Rep. Courts Common Law II. 225/2 If the abandon be legal, it puts the underwriters completely, in the place of the assured. 1886 tr. C. von Kaltenborn in U.S. Rep. (Supreme Court) 118 532 Modern maritime laws free the owners, by the abandon of the ship,..from all further liability. 2. Complete freedom from constraint or convention; surrender or abandonment to natural impulses; lack of inhibition or restraint. Also: an instance of this. Cf. self-abandon n. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > unaffectedness or naturalness > [noun] > naturalness or lack of constraint unconstrainedness1656 shamelessness1667 unconstraint1713 self-abandonment1811 abandon1815 abandonment1834 self-abandon1837 free-and-easiness1842 the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > absence of resistance > [noun] > to an influence, etc. resignationa1500 abandonment1593 self-surrender1647 submittal1798 abandon1815 1815 H. C. Robinson Diary 20 May in London Theatre (1966) 64 She threw her whole feeling into her acting And by this abandon, as it were, she wrought wonders. 1850 A. Jameson Sacred & Legendary Art 210 Flung in all the abandon of solitude amid the depth of leafy recesses. 1879 E. Dowden Southey iii. 75 He had not yet come out from the glow and the noble abandon of the South. 1924 Amer. Mercury Nov. 293/1 Books and articles..have been appearing in the last five years with an abandon which could fairly be called reckless. 1958 K. Amis I Like it Here iv. 45 They all chattered away gaily..throwing down the horrible draught with abandon. 2005 New Yorker 17 Oct. 38/1 Instead of loucheness of tango and the abandon of flamenco, you get a sleek, calculated, and artful spectacle. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). abandonv. Brit. /əˈband(ə)n/, U.S. /əˈbændən/ Forms: Middle English abaundon, Middle English abaundone, Middle English abawndone, Middle English habaundon, Middle English habounden, Middle English–1500s abandone, Middle English–1500s abandoun, Middle English–1500s abandoune, Middle English–1500s abandune, Middle English–1500s habandone, Middle English–1500s habandonne, Middle English–1500s habandoune, Middle English– abandon, 1500s habandon, 1500s habaundonne, 1500s habondone; Scottish pre-1700 abandoun, pre-1700 abandoune, pre-1700 abandown, pre-1700 abaundon, pre-1700 abaundoun, pre-1700 abawndon, pre-1700 abawndown, pre-1700 abondon, pre-1700 habandon, pre-1700 habandoun, pre-1700 1700s– abandon. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French abandoner. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman abanduner, abandener, abandouner , abaundoner , abondoner , habandonner , habandoner , Anglo-Norman and Middle French abandoner, habandonner , habandoner (Middle French, French abandonner ) to release, let go of (a thing) (c1100 in Old French as abanduner ), to give freedom of action (12th cent.), to give up (a person to the control of others) (c1200), to banish (a1420), to desert, forsake (1422, earliest with reference to a place), (reflexive) to allow oneself to go, to rush (into something) (both c1100), to expose oneself to danger (c1170), to devote oneself (to something) (first half of the 13th cent.), apparently either < abandon abandon n.¹ or directly < the phrase a bandon (see abandon adv.). Compare post-classical Latin abandonare , abandonnare to indicate as bail (13th cent.), to pronounce, permit, or forbid by a public decree (13th cent.), to give up, surrender (13th cent. in a British source). Compare ( < French) Old Occitan abandonar (13th cent.), Catalan abandonar (14th cent.), Spanish abandonar (mid 14th cent.), Portuguese abandonar (13th cent.), Italian abbandonare (13th cent.). Compare aband v. I. To give up or relinquish completely. 1. transitive. To let go, give up, renounce (a pursuit, practice, possession, etc.); to cease to use, have, or practise. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > completing > non-completion > do incompletely [verb (transitive)] > abandon an attempt or enterprise waivec1386 abandona1393 abandonate?1561 to give up1589 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) Prol. 766 (MED) Thus was abandoned Thempire, Which cam nevere ayein Into the hond of no Romein. 1567 T. Drant tr. Horace Pistles in tr. Horace Arte of Poetrie sig. Hiiij^v Thou must abandon vnquoth words. 1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. I. ii. ii. sig. G.viii/2 The commaundement for abandoning and not worshipping of images. 1602 T. Campion Obseruations Art Eng. Poesie sig. A7 The noble Grecians and Romaines..abandoning the childish titillation of riming. c1665 L. Hutchinson Mem. Col. Hutchinson (1973) 46 The nobillity and courtiers, who did not quite abandon their debosheries. 1725 N. Robinson New Theory of Physick 211 Highly dangerous is it for those, that have been us'd to the most generous Wines, suddenly to abandon those Noble Liquors. 1777 E. Burke Let. to Sheriffs Bristol 44 The sense of the nation obliged the court of King Charles 2d. to abandon the Dutch war. 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. xvi. 172 Our fine theodolite we were forced to abandon. 1879 J. Lubbock Sci. Lect. v. 152 It is a great mistake to suppose that implements of stone were abandoned directly metal was discovered. 1903 ‘O. Henry’ in Munsey's Mag. July 584/2 The rangers mounted and pursued, but..Lieutenant Manning gave the word to abandon the chase and return to camp. 1939 P. György & R. G. Eckardt in Nature 16 Sept. 512/2 The term adermin, because it is misleading, should be abandoned... The term pyridoxin appears to be appropriate. 1999 L. Kennedy All in Mind iv. 49 The Jews were the first significant group of people in the world to abandon the plethora of minor gods with which most societies saddled themselves. 2. transitive. To give up (a thing or person) to the control or discretion of another; to surrender or relinquish completely to another person or agent. ΚΠ c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Parson's Tale (Ellesmere) (1877) §874 Auowtrie..tho that whilom weren o flessh abawndone hir bodyes to othere persones. 1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 44 If thou wol habandone to thy body al his wil thou shalt be the worse. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 7 (MED) She..abandoned hire body to alle men. 1571 G. Buchanan Admonitioun Trew Lordis sig. B.3^v Scho..wald not abandoun him to thair vnmercyfull crueltie. 1617 R. Willet tr. N. S. Merry Iests xvii. 26 You may marry your Daughter to some honest man,..then..abandon her to those adultrous Monkes. 1667 J. Dryden Annus Mirabilis 1666 cciv. 57 He sigh'd, abandoning his charge to Fate. 1734 J. Miller Mother-in-law iv. i. 60 I abandon you to your evil Constitution. 1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. I. (init.) To abandon that place to the merciless fury of the enemy. 1803 W. Wittman Trav. in Turkey x. 221 They have a great dread of fire-arms, and abandon the field to their adversary. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 303 Those who completely abandoned to others the direction of the vessels. 1898 J. M. Price From Euston to Klondyke x. 159 We had reluctantly to abandon the fellow to his chance of getting off on one of the many boats following us. 1924 Times 29 Dec. 6/2 To abandon him to all kinds of temptation..is a mark of indifference and inhumanity. 1997 N.Y. Times 4 May e15/5 But what were we going to do in 1994? Let Web twist in the wind? Abandon him to that sumbitch Starr, until he started talking? 3. transitive (reflexive). To devote or give oneself up without resistance or restraint to a passion, emotion, unreasoning impulse, etc. In quot. 1483 intransitive with reflexive meaning. ΚΠ c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Melibeus (Hengwrt) (2003) §607 A man þ^t is to desirynge to geten richesses abandoneth hym first to thefte. c1450 (c1400) Bk. Vices & Virtues (Huntington) (1942) 282 (MED) Þat þei habounden hem not to þe vanite and couetise of þis world. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 144/2 After he abandonned to lede an holy lyf. 1564 N. Haward tr. Eutropius Briefe Chron. vii. sig. M.iiii [Nero] at laste, did habondone hymselfe whollye over to so great disworship, that he woulde daunce and singe openly in the apparaile of common mynstrelles. 1585 A. Golding tr. P. Mela Worke of Cosmographer i. viii. 15 Women, the first night they are married, shall abandon themselues to the common abuse of all men. 1651 tr. F. de Quintana Hist. Don Fenise 144 [He] abandoned himselfe to divine mercie, and to the misericord of the waves. 1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 198 They gave themselves up, and..abandon'd themselves to their Despair. 1769 Ld. Kames Elements Crit. (ed. 4) I. ii. 33 Have nothing left but to abandon themselves to chance. 1822 Amicus Addr. to Seamen 22 Sept. in E. Morrison Mem. Robert Morrison App. p. 41 In China the British Sailor too commonly..abandons himself to the grossest, and most unrestrained indulgence, of his beastly appetites. 1879 J. McCarthy Hist. our Own Times II. xxix. 379 He seldom abandons himself altogether to the inspiration of the poet. 1923 A. Bennett Riceyman Steps iii. v. 150 She laid her head on the table just like a schoolgirl abandoning herself utterly to some girlish grief. 1955 Rotarian July 54/3 The church made clerics do elaborate penance for abandoning themselves to the pleasures of the game. 2009 Guardian (Nexis) 19 Dec. (Review section) 6 The hugely gifted boy..abandoned himself to drink and high living, and died..at the age of 30. 4. a. transitive. To desert or forsake (a place, person, or cause); to leave behind; to leave without help or support. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > relinquishing > casting or laying aside > [verb (transitive)] > forsake forlet971 beleavec1175 letc1175 forleavec1225 forsakea1300 waivec1330 forgoa1400 forhowa1400 sakea1400 forloinc1400 forlesec1460 abandonc1475 destitute1530 aband1587 bandon1587 leese1590 linquish1591 desert1603 derelicta1631 c1475 tr. A. Chartier Quadrilogue (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1974) 217 (MED) The moost partie of thaim wer entendinge to..abandoune [Fr. habandonner] the citee of Rome. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Boke yf Eneydos vi. sig. Cij To habandoune & leue the swete countrey of theyr natiuyte. 1566 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure I. iii. F 7^v When the enemies were approched, the rurall people abandonyng their colonies, fledde for rescue into the citie. 1588 W. Allen Admon. to Nobility & People 57 The like vsurper Richard the third, being..abandoned of the nobility and people. a1618 W. Raleigh Apol. Voy. Guiana 55 in Judicious & Sel. Ess. (1650) Otherwise we must for ever abandon the Indies, and loose all our knowledge..of that part of the world. 1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 120 As one past hope, abandon'd, And by himself given over. View more context for this quotation 1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 124 How can you abandon your own Flesh, and Blood? 1792 J. Almon Anecd. Life W. Pitt (octavo ed.) II. xxii. 3 King Frederick's good fortune did not abandon him. 1830 W. Taylor Hist. Surv. German Poetry III. 134 Baron Wildenhain had seduced and abandoned the companioness of his mother. 1890 W. Besant in Eng. Illustr. Mag. 7 320 She gave up her husband and home; she abandoned her children. 1911 J. Conrad Under Western Eyes i. iii. 81 Razumov's self-confidence abandoned him completely. 1939 A. Thirkell Brandons vii. 183 Le Capet, whose fourth mistress had just abandoned him for an elderly commis voyageur. 2002 Independent 20 Apr. i. 15/1 The San people say they cannot abandon their land because it contains the graves of ancestors. b. transitive. spec. To desert or leave (a vessel) because of an imminent danger of sinking, burning, etc. Also figurative and in extended use. Cf. to abandon ship at Phrases a. ΚΠ 1712 W. Darrell Gentleman Instructed: 3rd Pt. ii. 66 All his companions like Rats in a storm abandon'd the sinking Vessel, and he found himself in a Jail, before he dream'd of a Baily. 1763 J. Dobson Chronological Ann. War ii. 259 The enemy took to their boats, and abandoned the ship. 1795 E. Burke Fourth Let. Peace Regicide Directory in Writings & Speeches (1991) IX. 117 The helm of justice is abandoned. She [sc. government]..will be buffeted..until..the victorious tenth wave shall sink her. 1812 Weekly Reg. (Baltimore) 24 Oct. 126/1 The British, having two of their boats so knocked to pieces as to render it necessary to abandon them,..were compelled to relinquish the unprofitable contest. 1843 W. Bolton Narr. Last Cruise U. S. Steam Frigate Missouri 28 [They] abandoned the ship forever. Soon after the whole forecastle decks tumbled in. 1866 A. S. Stephens Pict. Hist. War for Union II. 182 She proceeded to Fort Taylor..where she grounded on a bar, exposed to the fire of the guns of the fort, and her crew was compelled to abandon the vessel, which fell into the hands of the enemy. 1929 Papers Michigan Acad. Sci., Arts & Lett. 10 313 When a mystery ship was torpedoed, the panic party took to the boats, apparently abandoning the vessel. 1990 Lifeboat Summer 276/2 The video runs through a lifeboat rescue, rescue by helicopter, a fire on board and abandoning the yacht to a liferaft. 2006 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 30 Dec. d6/1 Mike Golding and Alex Thomson of Britain pulled out in November when Thomson abandoned his vessel..after the ballast keel broke. †5. transitive (reflexive). Chiefly Scottish. To give oneself up recklessly or impetuously; to risk oneself; (also) to devote oneself fully. Obsolete. ΚΠ c1480 (a1400) St. Ninian 58 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 305 He..hyme abondonit ythanly in prayere, fastyng, & in wake. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xvii. 393 Thar mycht men assailȝeouris se Abandoune [1489 Adv. Abandoun] thame richt hardely. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) xxxvii. sig. Gv Hector..spurred hys horse and habandoned hymselfe amonge his enemyes. c1580 ( tr. Bk. Alexander (1925) I. i. 2602 Thay of Gaderis..Abandoned thame into the ficht. 6. transitive. To sacrifice, surrender, or put at risk, esp. in order to achieve something. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > relinquishing > relinquish or give up [verb (transitive)] forsakec893 forlet971 to reach upOE agiveOE yield?c1225 uptake1297 up-yield1297 yield1297 deliverc1300 to-yielda1375 overgivec1384 grant1390 forbeara1400 livera1400 forgoc1400 upgive1415 permit1429 quit1429 renderc1436 relinquish1479 abandonc1485 to hold up?1499 enlibertyc1500 surrender1509 cess1523 relent1528 to cast up?1529 resignate1531 uprender1551 demit1563 disclaim1567 to fling up1587 to give up1589 quittance1592 vail1593 enfeoff1598 revoke1599 to give off1613 disownc1620 succumb1632 abdicate1633 delinquish1645 discount1648 to pass away1650 to turn off1667 choke1747 to jack up1870 chuck up (the sponge)1878 chuckc1879 unget1893 sling1902 to jack in1948 punt1966 to-leave- c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 122 J say nocht na he sulde..abandoun all his gudis, lyf and body to sauf the cristyn faith. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xx. 334 Whan he his body thus a-bandoneth for vs well ought we oures for to abandone for hym. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccxv. 272 All those that wolde take on them this croysey, and that wolde abandon their bodyes willyngly to distroy these yuell people and their companyons. 1642 D. Rogers Naaman 163 He will abandon all his worth, and gage his credit too, but hee will haue it. 1711 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 13 Mar. (1965) I. 91 I..abandon all things to the care of pleasing you. 1799 Asiatic Researches (London ed.) 5 9 The Viceroy was so affected..that he determined to abandon all for the sake of proceeding with them into Arabia. 1864 Cultivator June 188 He was one of the first in obeying the call of his country, and willingly abandoned everything, to lay down his life, if need be, in her service. 1887 W. D. Howells Mod. Ital. Poets 61 He abandoned everything else for it—country, home, money, friends. 1994 K. C. Hatch tr. B. B. Dadié Afr. in Paris 63 These people..willingly abandon everything to serve their country. †7. transitive. To release, set free, liberate. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > separation > separation or detachment > loosening or unfastening > loosen, unfasten, or untie [verb (transitive)] > and release loose1382 abandon1582 to cast loosec1600 disengage1662 enfranchise1682 unwhip1683 release1807 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis ii. 30 Thow soon of holye Godesse, from flame thy carcas abandon [no direct equivalent in L. original]. Thee foes haue conquerd, Troytowne is fired of al sydes. 8. transitive. Commercial Law (chiefly in marine insurance). To relinquish to the underwriters all interest in or claim to (property insured) after a loss. Also intransitive. ΚΠ 1755 N. Magens Ess. Insurances I. 89 When a ship..shall not be heard of in three months beyond the usual time for such a voyage, she may be considered as lost, and the Insured is permitted to abandon Ship and Cargo to the Insurers, and to demand payment of the sums they have respectively underwrote. 1787 J. Millar Elements Law Insurances ii. iii. 289 Immediate notice was given by the assured to the underwriters, accompanied with an offer to abandon the ship to their care. 1809 T. E. Tomlins Jacob's Law-dict. at Insurance ii. 7 As soon as the Insured receive accounts of such a loss as entitles them to abandon, they must, in the first instance, make their election whether they will abandon or not. 1848 J. Arnould Law Marine Insurance II. iii. ix. 1161 If the assured, by mortgaging his ship, has parted with the power of conveying an absolute title, he cannot abandon to the underwriters on ship. 1914 Times 4 June 7/2 (title) Liner Abandoned To The Underwriters. 1932 Times 19 Oct. 4/2 In 1923, after the cargo had been abandoned to the underwriters, the Salvage association contracted with two English engineers..to search for the wreck. 1995 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 8 Aug. The shipowners were paid for the loss of the ship and abandoned it to the underwriters. †II. To subjugate. 9. transitive. Chiefly Scottish. To bring under complete control or authority; to subjugate, subject, subdue. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > subjecting or subjugation > subject [verb (transitive)] wieldOE i-weldeOE onwaldOE overwieldlOE amaistera1250 underlaya1300 daunt1303 underbringc1320 yoke?c1335 undercasta1340 afaitec1350 faite1362 subjecta1382 to make subjectc1384 distraina1400 underlouta1400 underthewa1400 underset1422 subjectc1460 subjuge?1473 submise?1473 dompt1480 suppedit?1483 to keep under1486 abandon1487 bandon?a1500 suppeditatec1545 to bring under1563 reduce1569 assubject1579 overpower1597 envassal1606 assubjugate1609 vassal1612 subact1619 vassalize1647 vassalate1659 to school down1818 to ride herd on (also over)1895 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) iv. 391 And sua the land abandonit [1489 Adv. abandownyt] he That nane durst warn do his will. a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Ei^v I haue welth at wyll Fortune to her lawys can not abandune me. 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome ii. 141 The majeste of consulis micht nocht abandoun the instant furie of pepill. 1581 R. Sempill Complaint vpon Fortoun (single sheet) He..Abandoned the borders that na man durst rebell. †III. To banish. 10. transitive. To banish, proscribe; to expel, cast out, reject. Also reflexive. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > send away or dismiss congeec1330 turnc1330 putc1350 dismitc1384 refusea1387 repel?a1439 avyec1440 avoida1464 depart1484 license1484 to give (a person) his (also her, etc.) leave?a1513 demit1529 dispatcha1533 senda1533 to send a grazing1533 demise1541 dimiss1543 abandon1548 dimit1548 discharge1548 dismiss1548 to turn off1564 aband1574 quit1575 hencea1586 cashier1592 to turn away1602 disband1604 amand1611 absquatulize1829 chassé1847 to send to the pack1912 society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > exclusion from society > exclude from society [verb (transitive)] > cast out from society to cast out1297 outcasta1325 expel1534 abandon1548 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. New Test. Matt. xi. f. lxvi^v He might..abandone them from him [L. ab se alienatos] and deliuer them to Jesus. 1567 R. Mulcaster tr. J. Fortescue Learned Commendation Lawes Eng. f. 98 To abandon synne out of the royalme, and to auaunce vertue. 1577 T. Vautrollier tr. M. Luther Comm. Epist. to Galathians (new ed.) f. 6 Thus I abandone my selfe from all actiue righteousness, both of mine owne and of Gods law. 1581 J. Studley tr. Seneca Hippolytus i, in T. Newton et al. tr. Seneca 10 Trag. f. 58^v Craggy crested Taurus mount whose hoary and frosty face With numming cold abandons all inhabitors the place. a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) Induct. ii. 112 Being all this time abandon'd from your bed. View more context for this quotation 1649 Bp. J. Hall Resol. & Decisions ii. viii. 187 Whipt them in the publique Amphitheater, and abandond them out of their dominions. 1660 Scutum Regale: Royal Buckler 137 Flatterers will he abandon from his Court, and those who keep other mens estates will he banish from his Realm. Phrases a. to abandon ship: to desert or leave a ship because of an imminent danger of sinking, burning, etc. Also figurative: to leave or pull out of an undertaking, esp. one which is going badly. ΚΠ 1861 F. Winslow Rep. 24 Oct. in Message President U.S. to Congr. 675 A signal..was erroneously reported to Captain Handy as a signal to abandon ship. 1919 Fitchburg (Mass.) Daily Sentinel 12 Nov. 4/4 There was no single hitch in putting out the boats and abandoning ship. 1969 A. Bennett Forty Years On i. 18 You can't abandon ship at this late date, Headmaster. We're relying on you. 1998 BBC Match of Day Mag. Apr. 83/1 The Napoleon-sized coach refused to accept his marching orders when Italy had to return home early after the first round, only to abandon ship unexpectedly in mid-December. 2007 Virginian-Pilot (Norfolk, Va.) (Nexis) 12 Apr. a11 After battling the fire for about 90 minutes, the crew had to abandon ship. b. In imperative, as a command or warning. Also: a signal expressing this. ΚΠ 1876 W. H. G. Kingston Three Commanders xxi. 378 ‘It can't be that!’ he exclaimed, as he read, ‘Abandon ship, and come on board me with your crew.’ 1918 Times 13 Nov. 6/1 Immediately after the explosion ‘Panic stations’ was ordered, followed in due course by ‘Abandon ship’. 1966 H. Brean Traces of Merrilee viii. 85 A steady blasting of the ship's whistle sounded abandon ship that afternoon shortly before six bells, if you like nautical parlance. 1990 S. S. Tepper Raising Stones ii. vii. 415 ‘Get away?’ he said stupidly. ‘Abandon ship,’ she shouted at him. 2010 Pembroke (Ont.) Observer (Nexis) 22 July a5 McVay then reluctantly issued the order all ship's captains dread: ‘Abandon ship!’ c. Used attributively, in abandon ship drill, abandon ship signal, etc. ΚΠ 1886 Proc. U.S. Naval Inst. 12 376 The second boat bill should be the ‘abandon-ship’ bill, and should contain the names of all on board. 1899 Chums 22 Mar. 492/3 The realistic ‘Abandon Ship’ drill is..described by a naval officer. 1918 C. J. Swan My Company i. 11 They were so bunked that they could get to the decks ahead of the company when the ‘abandon ship’ signal was given. 1993 A. Higgins Lions of Grunewald xxxi. 200 She let loose her blood-curdling abandon-ship scream, calculated to stop the heart. 2010 Weekend Post (Port Elizabeth) (Nexis) 13 Nov. The sinking made headlines across the world because the rescue and abandon ship procedures went terribly wrong. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † abandonadv. Forms: Middle English a bandon, Middle English (1500s Scottish) abandoun, Middle English abandun, Middle English abaundoun, Middle English abaundune. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French a bandon. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman a bandun, a baundoun, a baundun, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French a bandon under (one's) jurisdiction or control (c1176 in mettre a bandon : see note), freely, willingly (c1230 or earlier), in abundance (c1230 or earlier), unrestrainedly (late 12th cent. or earlier), completely (c1235 or earlier) < a at, to (see a- prefix⁵) + bandon bandon n. Compare to be at a person's bandon at bandon n. 1.With sense 1 compare Anglo-Norman aver a bandun , to have in one's jurisdiction, under one's control (first half of the 14th cent. or earlier), Anglo-Norman and Middle French mettre a bandon , mettre a son bandon to put under one's jurisdiction, leave to one's mercy (c1176), to entrust (second half of the 12th cent. or earlier). With sense 2 compare Middle French a son bandon at his pleasure. Compare also the phrases cited at abandon n.¹ Obsolete. 1. Under control or authority; at one's disposal. ΚΠ a1250 Ureisun ure Louerde (Lamb.) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 189 And habben him swa abandun [a1250 Nero abaundune], þet he wule þet al þine wil ihwer beo iforþed. 2. At one's own will or discretion, without interference or restraint; spec. (a) freely, recklessly; (b) entirely, fully, without bounds. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > free will > [adverb] > with freedom of will in one's free will?c1225 at a person's willc1300 abandonc1330 freely1340 wilfully1340 contingently1601 electively1636 facultatively1887 the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adverb] > fully or to full extent or in full fullyeOE wellOE plenarly?1316 largelyc1325 abandonc1330 perfectly1340 sadlya1375 plainlya1382 fullily1385 largea1400 atauntc1400 taunta1550 in toto1573 good1577 soundly1577 richly1588 plenarily1615 sounda1616 plenally1631 the world > action or operation > manner of action > carelessness > incautiousness > [adverb] > rashly or recklessly recklesslyeOE abandonc1330 rabbishlya1387 recklessa1450 savagelyc1450 temerarilyc1450 temerously1461 rashly?1518 temerariously1535 improvisedlya1538 hare-brainedlya1577 rash1591 wretchlessly?16.. over-rashly1609 bayardly1624 to run amok1689 harum-scarum1691 hell-bent1863 c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) 5093 (MED) An hundred kniȝtes..folwed him abaundoun, & he mett wiþ hem als a lyoun. c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 6006 (MED) His ribbes & scholder fel adoun, Men miȝt se þe liuer abandoun. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 423 (MED) He ran thourgh the tables a bandon and tombled mete and drynke all on an hepe. c1500 (?a1437) Kingis Quair (1939) xxv Quhare as in strayte ward and in strong prisoun..Without confort, in sorowe abandoun. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.¹a1425n.²1614v.a1393adv.a1250
随便看	θ79176 θ79177 θ79178 θ79179 θ7918 θ79180 θ79181 θ79182 θ79183 θ79184 θ79185 θ79186 θ79187 θ79188 θ79189 θ7919 θ79190 θ79191 θ79192 θ79193 θ79195 θ79196 θ79197 θ79198 θ79199

† abandonn.1

abandonn.2

abandonv.

Phrases

† abandonadv.

† abandonn.¹

abandonn.²