amercev.

Brit.

/əˈməːs/, U.S.

/əˈmərs/

Forms:

α. Middle English amercie (past participle), Middle English–1500s amercie, Middle English–1500s amersy, Middle English–1600s amercy, 1600s ammercy; Scottish pre-1700 admerciit (past participle), pre-1700 amerciit (past participle), pre-1700 amercy, pre-1700 ameyrsy.

β. late Middle English–1600s amerse, late Middle English– amerce, 1500s–1600s amearse, 1600s ammerse, 1600s–1700s ammerce.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French amercier.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman amercier, ammercier to assess, to fine (1215 in an Anglo-Norman text of Magna Carta; also amerchier ; earlier currency is apparently implied by post-classical Latin amerciare : see below) < a- a- prefix⁵ + merci mercy, also ‘amercement, fine’ (see mercy n.), ultimately after the phrase estre en la merci to be at the mercy (c1130), corresponding to post-classical Latin esse in misericordia (late 11th cent. as a legal phrase). Compare earlier amercement n., amerciament n.The word has sometimes been derived < a phrase *estre a merci , but this is not attested in Anglo-Norman. Post-classical Latin amerciare amerciate v. is the earliest attestation of the word in any language, although this must have been borrowed < Anglo-Norman. For a detailed discussion of the development compare J. P. Collas in Yearbks. Edw. II (1964) xxii–xxxiii. With the form in ad- compare admerciament , variant of amerciament n. For a suggestion that sense 3, especially as used by Milton and in Cowper's translation of the Iliad, is either modelled on or independently borrowed < ancient Greek ἀμέρδειν (aorist ἀμέρσαι ) ‘to deprive of’ see Milton Quarterly 12 (1978) 105; however, this argument seems to neglect the existence of sense 2 as a bridge between senses 1 and 3 (compare use by Milton in quot. 1650 at sense 2).

Now chiefly historical.

1. To punish (an offender) by an amercement.

a. transitive. With simple object.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > fine > [verb (transitive)] > by arbitrary fine

to do (also put in) the mercyc1325

amerce1389

mercy?a1400

amerciate1460

merce1530

1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 77 (MED) What brothir or sister trespas [aȝenes] yes ordenaunces thries, and þer-of ben amercie by þe bretheren, he shalle lese þe fraternite.

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. vi. 40 Þowgh ȝe mowe amercy hem, late mercy be taxoure.

1444 in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 25 I shulde be amercied in þe Kyngges courte.

?1469 Earl of Oxford in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 391 Shall at the said court be amersid.

c1475 Antichrist & Disciples in J. H. Todd Three Treat. J. Wycklyffe (1851) p. cxliii To amercy þe cely puple wiþouten any mercy.

?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. li^v To be amerced in the court or els to make hym amendes or bothe.

1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 262 Yet would they not be offended with their citizens, when they were amerced, and set at any fines.

1655 T. Fuller Hist. Univ. Cambr. iii. 54 in Church-hist. Brit. The University have power to punish and amerce all Fore-stallers, Regrators, &c.

1714 W. Scroggs Pract. Courts-leet (ed. 3) 119 He was amerced, and by the Amerciament affeered to 10s.

1736 J. Hort New Proposal Quadrille in S——t contra omnes 7 The Defaultress to be amerced, as foresaid, at the next Meeting.

1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. 179 For this offence the borough was amerced.

1817 W. Pitt Topogr. Hist. Staffs. I. 353 The town of Newcastle was amerced, for having changed its market day from Sunday to Saturday.

1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. xii. 575 The freeman is not to be amerced in a way that will ruin him.

1948 U.S. Rep. (Supreme Court) 333 96 The Utah statute, for violation of which the appellants are amerced.

1961 R. F. Hunnisett Medieval Coroner iv. 64 They [sc. the coroners] had to inquire in whose tithing or mainpast the outlaw had been and enrol it, in order that it might be amerced at the eyre for his flight.

2001 Eng. Hist. Rev. 116 1210 When artificers and victuallers on his fee were amerced in the queen's court for breaking the assize, they were not obliged to pay their fines.

b. transitive. With the penalty or amount expressed. Frequently with in, †at.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > fine > [verb (transitive)] > certain amount

amerce1413

1413–19 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 226 (MED) The same Officers amercied the forsaid tenantes in ix marcs.

1443–4 Maldon Corporation Rec. (MED) For a withdrawe of Courte A fre man shall be amerced at iijd And a foreyn at vjd.

1470 in 5th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS: Pt. 1 (1876) App. 528 in Parl. Papers (C. 1432) XL. 1 What master and meynye that lakketh of the seide ordinaunce..be they amerced at 12d.

c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. i/1 That the sherefs be not amercyed ouer xx. pond.

1557 in Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS: Var. Coll. (1907) IV. 223 Forasmoche as Mr. John Hooper [and 5 others]..came into this house tarde, after nyne of the clocke this day, therefore they..are amerced in 12d. a peece.

1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 496 He that would not helpe a banished man from Athens, against him that would take him away by force, should be fined and amerced at a talent.

1598 J. Manwood Treat. Lawes Forrest xvi. f. 92 The owners..are to be amerced 3s. for the keeping of such Dogges vnlawed.

1611 Bible (King James) Deut. xxii. 19 They shall amearse him [ Wyclif, Genev. condemne] in an hundred shekels of siluer.

1633 G. Herbert Temple: Sacred Poems 62 They..amerc'd them, double gifts to bring at the next Session-day.

1648 W. Prynne Plea for Lords 8 The Barony..shall be amerced at an hundred markes.

1725 N. Bailey tr. Erasmus All Familiar Colloquies 317 I'll be content to be amerc'd a Supper.

1770 D. Hume Hist. Eng. (new ed.) VII. lxvi. 488 The person, in whose house the conventicle met, was amerced a like sum.

1783 W. F. Martyn Geogr. Mag. 2 240 He ammerced the inhabitants in the sum of twelve hundred thousand crowns.

1817 W. Scott Rob Roy II. xiii. 307 He..would amerce him in half his wages.

1855 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity IV. ix. iv. 66 Any clerk..is to be amerced by the loss of his benefices and his order.

1870 J. K. Medbery Men & Myst. Wall St. 23 A broker cannot..innocently fling a ‘paper dart’ at a neighbour without being amerced ten dollars.

1937 Speculum 12 290 Sometimes the record states that a hundred is amerced a certain sum because it is small.

1969 All Eng. Law Rep. 3 1188 The contractors say that it is not right for them to be amerced in that whole sum, because they have already been mulcted somewhat on account of the damage they did.

1989 Past & Present 159 22 In a court held at Hinderclay in November 1301, Nicholas was amerced the extraordinarily large sum of £4.

c. transitive. To punish (an offence) by an amercement. Also in figurative context. Now rare.

ΚΠ

c1450 ( J. Walton tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Linc. Cathedral 103) 74 (MED) Vnlawful quarell oweth to ben amersed.

1475 in J. Raine Vol. Eng. Misc. N. Counties Eng. (1890) 27 The Mylne bryge is defectyffe..whar for, bot it mendyd be Martynmes, we amarce it xl s..the fotman's cawse be for William Chawe dore is defectyffe..we amercy it xij d.

1850 G. McHenry Helleniad iv. 91 Phiddippides..Delayed not his route, afraid to see The sylvan deities, a crime amerced By madness.

1874 A. Austin Tower of Babel iii. v. 127 Have the dark divinities of air Pilfered my earthly treasure, to amerce My unpermitted trespass on their fields?

1983 Law & Hist Rev. 1 105 In the first two decades of the fourteenth century..more than 160 such offences were amerced annually.

†2. transitive. To make exactions or inflict punishment on; to punish. Frequently with with. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > [verb (transitive)]

threac897

tighta1000

beswinkc1175

punisha1325

chastise1362

paina1375

justifya1393

wage1412

reformc1450

chasten1526

thwart over thumba1529

chastifyc1540

amerce?1577

follow1579

to rap (a person) on the knuckles (also fingers)1584

finea1616

mulcta1620

fita1625

vindicate1632

trounce1657

reward1714

tawse1790

sort1815

to let (a person) have it1823

visit1836

to catch or get Jesse1839

to give, get goss1840

to have ita1848

to take (a person) to the woodshed1882

to give (one) snuff1890

soak1892

give1906

to weigh off1925

to tear down1938

zap1961

slap1968

?1577 F. T. Debate Pride & Lowlines sig. Evii^v The vintener amercing them so deepe: That..Their wife and children oft for hunger weepe.

1595 E. Spenser Amoretti lxx, in Amoretti & Epithalamion sig. E4^v Shall be by him amearst with penance dew.

1650 J. Milton Tenure of Kings (ed. 2) 55 Amerce him with the loss of his Kingdom.

1652 J. Evelyn Let. 25 Apr. in Diary & Corr. (1859) III. 63 For which presumption, if you think fit to amerce me.

a1654 Bp. J. Richardson Observ. Old Test. (1655) 285 Beaten he is, but not bent or bowed thereby to goodnesse; amerced he is, but not amended.

1768 H. Downman Land of Muses lxxii. 25 Those whom he so amerc'd with rigorous wound.

1821 Ld. Byron Cain iii. i, in Sardanapalus 412 Thou shalt be amerced for sins unknown.

1850 J. S. Blackie tr. Æschylus Lyrical Dramas II. 111 I shall be Amerced with bitter loss.

3. transitive. To deprive of. †Occasionally without construction. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1645 L. Sarson Anal. I. Timoth. I. 15 76 The serpent..was amersd these abilities, and also had poyson as a badge of his enmity towards man put under this tongue.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 609 Millions of Spirits for his fault amerc't Of Heav'n.

1758 Prisoner 6 Of human rights ammerc'd, and human aid.

1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. xvi. 68 Amerce [Gk. ἀμέρσαι] me of my well-earn'd recompense.

1844 Ld. Cockburn Jrnl. 6 May (1874) II. x. 61 St. Andrews, though amerced..of its ancient greatness.

1903 R. Garnett & E. Gosse Eng. Lit.: Illustr. Rec. I. i. 14 As Phineus is amerced of his food by these obscene invaders, so is Hrothgar..deprived of his palace by the demon Grendel.

1914 S. Aurobindo in Arya 15 Nov. 193 We have to find a truth that can entirely reconcile these antagonists and can give to both their due portion in Life and their due justification in Thought, amercing neither of its rights.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	amerce
释义	amercev. Brit. /əˈməːs/, U.S. /əˈmərs/ Forms: α. Middle English amercie (past participle), Middle English–1500s amercie, Middle English–1500s amersy, Middle English–1600s amercy, 1600s ammercy; Scottish pre-1700 admerciit (past participle), pre-1700 amerciit (past participle), pre-1700 amercy, pre-1700 ameyrsy. β. late Middle English–1600s amerse, late Middle English– amerce, 1500s–1600s amearse, 1600s ammerse, 1600s–1700s ammerce. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French amercier. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman amercier, ammercier to assess, to fine (1215 in an Anglo-Norman text of Magna Carta; also amerchier ; earlier currency is apparently implied by post-classical Latin amerciare : see below) < a- a- prefix⁵ + merci mercy, also ‘amercement, fine’ (see mercy n.), ultimately after the phrase estre en la merci to be at the mercy (c1130), corresponding to post-classical Latin esse in misericordia (late 11th cent. as a legal phrase). Compare earlier amercement n., amerciament n.The word has sometimes been derived < a phrase estre a merci , but this is not attested in Anglo-Norman. Post-classical Latin amerciare* amerciate v. is the earliest attestation of the word in any language, although this must have been borrowed < Anglo-Norman. For a detailed discussion of the development compare J. P. Collas in Yearbks. Edw. II (1964) xxii–xxxiii. With the form in ad- compare admerciament , variant of amerciament n. For a suggestion that sense 3, especially as used by Milton and in Cowper's translation of the Iliad, is either modelled on or independently borrowed < ancient Greek ἀμέρδειν (aorist ἀμέρσαι ) ‘to deprive of’ see Milton Quarterly 12 (1978) 105; however, this argument seems to neglect the existence of sense 2 as a bridge between senses 1 and 3 (compare use by Milton in quot. 1650 at sense 2). Now chiefly historical. 1. To punish (an offender) by an amercement. a. transitive. With simple object. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > fine > [verb (transitive)] > by arbitrary fine to do (also put in) the mercyc1325 amerce1389 mercy?a1400 amerciate1460 merce1530 1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 77 (MED) What brothir or sister trespas [aȝenes] yes ordenaunces thries, and þer-of ben amercie by þe bretheren, he shalle lese þe fraternite. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. vi. 40 Þowgh ȝe mowe amercy hem, late mercy be taxoure. 1444 in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 25 I shulde be amercied in þe Kyngges courte. ?1469 Earl of Oxford in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 391 Shall at the said court be amersid. c1475 Antichrist & Disciples in J. H. Todd Three Treat. J. Wycklyffe (1851) p. cxliii To amercy þe cely puple wiþouten any mercy. ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. li^v To be amerced in the court or els to make hym amendes or bothe. 1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 262 Yet would they not be offended with their citizens, when they were amerced, and set at any fines. 1655 T. Fuller Hist. Univ. Cambr. iii. 54 in Church-hist. Brit. The University have power to punish and amerce all Fore-stallers, Regrators, &c. 1714 W. Scroggs Pract. Courts-leet (ed. 3) 119 He was amerced, and by the Amerciament affeered to 10s. 1736 J. Hort New Proposal Quadrille in S——t contra omnes 7 The Defaultress to be amerced, as foresaid, at the next Meeting. 1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. 179 For this offence the borough was amerced. 1817 W. Pitt Topogr. Hist. Staffs. I. 353 The town of Newcastle was amerced, for having changed its market day from Sunday to Saturday. 1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. xii. 575 The freeman is not to be amerced in a way that will ruin him. 1948 U.S. Rep. (Supreme Court) 333 96 The Utah statute, for violation of which the appellants are amerced. 1961 R. F. Hunnisett Medieval Coroner iv. 64 They [sc. the coroners] had to inquire in whose tithing or mainpast the outlaw had been and enrol it, in order that it might be amerced at the eyre for his flight. 2001 Eng. Hist. Rev. 116 1210 When artificers and victuallers on his fee were amerced in the queen's court for breaking the assize, they were not obliged to pay their fines. b. transitive. With the penalty or amount expressed. Frequently with in, †at. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > fine > [verb (transitive)] > certain amount amerce1413 1413–19 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 226 (MED) The same Officers amercied the forsaid tenantes in ix marcs. 1443–4 Maldon Corporation Rec. (MED) For a withdrawe of Courte A fre man shall be amerced at iijd And a foreyn at vjd. 1470 in 5th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS: Pt. 1 (1876) App. 528 in Parl. Papers (C. 1432) XL. 1 What master and meynye that lakketh of the seide ordinaunce..be they amerced at 12d. c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. i/1 That the sherefs be not amercyed ouer xx. pond. 1557 in Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS: Var. Coll. (1907) IV. 223 Forasmoche as Mr. John Hooper [and 5 others]..came into this house tarde, after nyne of the clocke this day, therefore they..are amerced in 12d. a peece. 1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 496 He that would not helpe a banished man from Athens, against him that would take him away by force, should be fined and amerced at a talent. 1598 J. Manwood Treat. Lawes Forrest xvi. f. 92 The owners..are to be amerced 3s. for the keeping of such Dogges vnlawed. 1611 Bible (King James) Deut. xxii. 19 They shall amearse him [ Wyclif, Genev. condemne] in an hundred shekels of siluer. View more context for this quotation 1633 G. Herbert Temple: Sacred Poems 62 They..amerc'd them, double gifts to bring at the next Session-day. 1648 W. Prynne Plea for Lords 8 The Barony..shall be amerced at an hundred markes. 1725 N. Bailey tr. Erasmus All Familiar Colloquies 317 I'll be content to be amerc'd a Supper. 1770 D. Hume Hist. Eng. (new ed.) VII. lxvi. 488 The person, in whose house the conventicle met, was amerced a like sum. 1783 W. F. Martyn Geogr. Mag. 2 240 He ammerced the inhabitants in the sum of twelve hundred thousand crowns. 1817 W. Scott Rob Roy II. xiii. 307 He..would amerce him in half his wages. 1855 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity IV. ix. iv. 66 Any clerk..is to be amerced by the loss of his benefices and his order. 1870 J. K. Medbery Men & Myst. Wall St. 23 A broker cannot..innocently fling a ‘paper dart’ at a neighbour without being amerced ten dollars. 1937 Speculum 12 290 Sometimes the record states that a hundred is amerced a certain sum because it is small. 1969 All Eng. Law Rep. 3 1188 The contractors say that it is not right for them to be amerced in that whole sum, because they have already been mulcted somewhat on account of the damage they did. 1989 Past & Present 159 22 In a court held at Hinderclay in November 1301, Nicholas was amerced the extraordinarily large sum of £4. c. transitive. To punish (an offence) by an amercement. Also in figurative context. Now rare. ΚΠ c1450 ( J. Walton tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Linc. Cathedral 103) 74 (MED) Vnlawful quarell oweth to ben amersed. 1475 in J. Raine Vol. Eng. Misc. N. Counties Eng. (1890) 27 The Mylne bryge is defectyffe..whar for, bot it mendyd be Martynmes, we amarce it xl s..the fotman's cawse be for William Chawe dore is defectyffe..we amercy it xij d. 1850 G. McHenry Helleniad iv. 91 Phiddippides..Delayed not his route, afraid to see The sylvan deities, a crime amerced By madness. 1874 A. Austin Tower of Babel iii. v. 127 Have the dark divinities of air Pilfered my earthly treasure, to amerce My unpermitted trespass on their fields? 1983 Law & Hist Rev. 1 105 In the first two decades of the fourteenth century..more than 160 such offences were amerced annually. †2. transitive. To make exactions or inflict punishment on; to punish. Frequently with with. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > [verb (transitive)] threac897 tighta1000 beswinkc1175 punisha1325 chastise1362 paina1375 justifya1393 wage1412 reformc1450 chasten1526 thwart over thumba1529 chastifyc1540 amerce?1577 follow1579 to rap (a person) on the knuckles (also fingers)1584 finea1616 mulcta1620 fita1625 vindicate1632 trounce1657 reward1714 tawse1790 sort1815 to let (a person) have it1823 visit1836 to catch or get Jesse1839 to give, get goss1840 to have ita1848 to take (a person) to the woodshed1882 to give (one) snuff1890 soak1892 give1906 to weigh off1925 to tear down1938 zap1961 slap1968 ?1577 F. T. Debate Pride & Lowlines sig. Evii^v The vintener amercing them so deepe: That..Their wife and children oft for hunger weepe. 1595 E. Spenser Amoretti lxx, in Amoretti & Epithalamion sig. E4^v Shall be by him amearst with penance dew. 1650 J. Milton Tenure of Kings (ed. 2) 55 Amerce him with the loss of his Kingdom. 1652 J. Evelyn Let. 25 Apr. in Diary & Corr. (1859) III. 63 For which presumption, if you think fit to amerce me. a1654 Bp. J. Richardson Observ. Old Test. (1655) 285 Beaten he is, but not bent or bowed thereby to goodnesse; amerced he is, but not amended. 1768 H. Downman Land of Muses lxxii. 25 Those whom he so amerc'd with rigorous wound. 1821 Ld. Byron Cain iii. i, in Sardanapalus 412 Thou shalt be amerced for sins unknown. 1850 J. S. Blackie tr. Æschylus Lyrical Dramas II. 111 I shall be Amerced with bitter loss. 3. transitive. To deprive of. †Occasionally without construction. Now rare. ΚΠ 1645 L. Sarson Anal. I. Timoth. I. 15 76 The serpent..was amersd these abilities, and also had poyson as a badge of his enmity towards man put under this tongue. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 609 Millions of Spirits for his fault amerc't Of Heav'n. View more context for this quotation 1758 Prisoner 6 Of human rights ammerc'd, and human aid. 1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. xvi. 68 Amerce [Gk. ἀμέρσαι] me of my well-earn'd recompense. 1844 Ld. Cockburn Jrnl. 6 May (1874) II. x. 61 St. Andrews, though amerced..of its ancient greatness. 1903 R. Garnett & E. Gosse Eng. Lit.: Illustr. Rec. I. i. 14 As Phineus is amerced of his food by these obscene invaders, so is Hrothgar..deprived of his palace by the demon Grendel. 1914 S. Aurobindo in Arya 15 Nov. 193 We have to find a truth that can entirely reconcile these antagonists and can give to both their due portion in Life and their due justification in Thought, amercing neither of its rights. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.1389
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