driven.
/drʌɪv/, U.S. /draɪv/, Welsh English /draiv/, Australian English /drɑev/, New Zealand English /drɑev/ I. Senses relating to moving a person or thing onwards or away.
1. The action of driving (in various senses of drive v.); an instance of this.In quot. 1685: the movement of a ship to leeward of her course.
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the world > movement > impelling or driving > [noun] > impulse
drifta1400
swafea1400
impulse1650
brangle1652
drive1685
1685 D. Newhouse Whole Art Navigation iii. 176 Some times a Sea will take your Ship on the Lee-bow, and then the Drive, or Lee-ward-way, is lesser.
1883 F. Seebohm Eng. Village Community (ed. 2) i. 2 The furlong is the ‘furrow long’, i.e. the length of the drive of the plough before it is turned.
1894 Jrnl. Amer. Geogr. Soc. N.Y. 26 284 The drive of the water from one end of the lake to the other.
1919 Green Bk. Mag. Jan. 121/2 The old man stopped to listen to the..restive drive of the tides.
1938 ‘M. Innes’ Lament for Maker (2001) viii. 47 She was fair lost in the drive of the storm.
2001 H. Hodgkinson M. E. Durham Introd. p. viii This was a perennial contest between the Teuton drive south to the Aegean and the Slav drive west to the Adriatic.
2. A hunting or shooting excursion in which animals or birds are driven into an area where they can be killed or captured. Also: an instance of driving the game during such an excursion.In quot. 1877: an instance of a hound driving the game in hare coursing.See also deer-drive n., game drive n., grouse-drive n., partridge drive n., etc.
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the world > food and drink > hunting > [noun] > a hunt or expedition
huntinga950
hunting-matcha1637
maroon1779
drive1795
chevy1837
splitter1843
burning chase1854
1795 ‘Old Englishman’ Two Words of Counsel 23 The inferior, but not less familiar, friends, who enlivened the orgies of the night, or directed the drives of the morning.
1833 Sketches & Eccentr. D. Crockett 196 We were soon on foot, moving merrily forward to a small hurricane which had been agreed upon for a drive.
1843 Amer. Pioneer 2 55 There were four drives, or large hunts, organized during the winter.
1877 Coursing Cal. Autumn 1876 5 Dovedale got up first, through puss bearing to her side; Thunder then took a good drive and turned.
1977 Field & Stream July 32/2 All in all, fourteen grouse came within the vicinity of my butt on that drive and I got stout praise..when I let only two of them get by.
2015 M. Avery Inglorious (e-book ed.) Much of the emphasis on the enjoyment of grouse shooting is couched in terms of the numbers of birds shot on each drive and on each day.
3. Chiefly North American. Now historical.
a. The action or an act of transporting logs or timber to a sawmill by floating them down a river; = log-drive n.See also river drive n., timber drive n.
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the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > lumbering > [noun] > transport of logs
flume1784
log-rollinga1792
drive1835
river-driving1843
river drive1845
sluice-way1851
sacking1860
timber drivea1861
skidding1877
log-running1878
skid road1880
rigging1897
swamping1902
log-drivea1904
high lead1905
high-lining1919
1835 Acts Gen. Assembly New-Brunswick c. 31 §3 38 If any separate crew or party driving Timber or Logs shall join any drive under the direction of any of the aforesaid master drivers [etc.]
1860 Harper's Mag. Mar. 441 The stream must be cleared of obstructions for the drive in the Spring.
1926 C. Mair in J. W. Garvin Masterworks Canad. Authors XIV. p. liii To-day, when it is mainly saw-logs that are cut, the fully improved streams make the drive easy.
1991 Canoe Mar. 33/2 Highs and banks at the bends were known as ‘rollaways’ by 19th century loggers who stockpiled each winter's harvest of pine logs on the banks, then pushed them into the river during the spring drives.
b. An amount of timber floated downriver to a sawmill (see sense 3a).
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1851 J. S. Springer Forest Life & Forest Trees ii. i. 41 The butt log was so large that the stream did not float it in the spring, and when the drive was taken down we were obliged to leave it behind.
1878 Lumberman's Gaz. 6 Apr. [He] bid in the following drives at the prices mentioned.
1885 Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 21 Apr. 1/8 A drive of 2,000,000 feet of hard and white pine logs will soon be put into the Merrimack at Boscawen.
2013 Australasian Hist. Archaeol. 31 82/1 The largest-ever recorded drive in the Kauaeranga valley was 28,000 logs.
4. Chiefly North American, Australian, and New Zealand. The action or an act of driving or rounding up livestock, esp. cattle or sheep, for a particular purpose such as branding the animals or transporting them to market.
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the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [noun] > droving
drift1540
droving1633
drive1837
drovership1838
drovering1850
drove1905
1837 Suppl. to Hobart Town Courier 5 Sept. There will be a sheep drive ere long from Port Philip to South Australia.
1846 T. B. Thorpe Myst. Backwoods 14 In the excitement of the drive, horses fall, or run headlong over slow-footed cows.
1920 J. M. Hunter Trail Drivers of Texas I. 53 A cheap rate to San Antonio had been perfected for convenience of the hundreds of cowboys returning home after the drives.
1949 P. Newton High Country Days v. 55 There were sufficient [sheep] to make a ‘drive’ out to the back.
2017 @usfsclrd 20 June in twitter.com (accessed 29 Jan. 2020) Cattle are returning to the Forest this time of year to graze. Please go slow and have patience around cattle drives.
5. Australian and New Zealand. The action or an act of felling a number of trees by cutting into the trunk of each one, so that the whole group will fall when a key tree is chopped down.
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the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > lumbering > [noun] > felling trees
fallinga1425
felling1447
fell1531
fall1535
woodfall1588
slaughter1657
logging1706
tree-felling1759
fallage1788
slashing1822
fellage1839
wood-cutting1872
throw1879
bush-falling1882
drive1899
bushwhacking1906
clear-cutting1922
coupe1922
landnam1950
1899 J. Bell In Shadow of Bush xiv. 83 The smaller trees..had been ‘scarfed’, or cut partly through in readiness, and skilfully, so that each, when struck, might again in its turn strike and bring down another. The noise of a fall or drive of this kind is like thunder.
1940 B. O'Reilly Green Mountains ii. 76 In the felling of rain forest, much chopping may be saved..by the use of the ‘drive’ system.
1986 B. Richards Off Sheep's Back 22 It was quite a common practice for experienced bushmen, to have a ‘drive’. If you are chopping up a ‘face’ and there is a large tree behind you further up the face, you select that as the ‘key’. To save time..you..‘scarf’ and partly chop each tree. When all is ready and you have worked back to the key, you scarf it very carefully... If everything goes according to plan it will ‘drive’ the one below, which will in turn drive the next, and so on.
II. Senses relating to driving in a vehicle.
6.
a. A distance to be driven in a vehicle; esp. such a distance as defined by a specified length of time spent in driving.
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1738 Daily Post 7 Nov. The midway between Brentford and Harrow on the Hill, and within three Hours drive of either of the Places.
1888 J. W. Burgon Lives Twelve Good Men II. vi. 73 Within two hours' drive of Oxford.
1984 J. D. Harvey Laughter-silvered Wings 251 The heart of the station..could be reached by a drive of some two miles along a road that was part corduroy and part planking.
2009 @effortlesszone 16 Nov. in twitter.com (accessed 3 Feb. 2020) Our closest Ikea is two days' drive away.
b. An act of driving in a vehicle, esp. a car or (in earlier use) a carriage; a journey or period of travel in a vehicle which one drives oneself, or which is a private or privately hired vehicle, as opposed to public transport (cf. ride n.2 2b).See also night drive n., Sunday drive n., test drive n., etc.
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society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > riding in a vehicle > [noun] > a ride in a vehicle
ride1718
drive1752
society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > driving or operating a vehicle > [noun] > instance of or excursion
drive1752
1752 Adventures of Valet I. iii. viii. 209 They were after a short Drive set down at the House of my Master.
1773 J. Boswell Jrnl. 18 Aug. in Jrnl. Tour Hebrides (1785) 54 We had a dreary drive, in a dusky night, to St. Andrew's.
1824 G. Kennedy Anna Ross 162 You shall have as many drives as you please, in my curricle.
1878 A. Brassey Voy. Sunbeam (ed. 2) xxiv. 410 We went for a drive through the pretty villas that surround Singapore.
1916 T. S. Eliot Let. 14 Jan. (1988) I. 128 As it was a lovely afternoon..we took a taxi drive along the shore.
2013 C. Doctorow Homeland v. 75 We hardly spoke on the long drive home.
7. Welsh English (chiefly southern) and English regional (chiefly south-western). A bus driver, taxi driver, or other person whose job is to drive a vehicle. Frequently as a form of address when thanking the driver, as in cheers, drive or thanks, drive.
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society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > driving or operating a vehicle > driver or operator of vehicle > [noun] > driver of motor vehicle
automobilist1896
motorist1896
autoist1899
chauffeur1899
motor-carist1899
motor driver1902
jockey1912
drive1999
society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > public passenger transport > [noun] > public transport employees > employees on a bus > driver
bus driver1834
busman1834
bus operator1908
drive1999
1999 uk.local.south-wales 19 May (Usenet newsgroup, accessed 27 Jan. 2020) Drive—Anybody who drives for a living (e.g. taxi or bus driver) i.e. ‘cheers drive!’ when disembarking.
2015 @LouMMac 20 Jan. in twitter.com (accessed 27 Jan. 2020) @Cardiffbus bus so dirty cannot see out of the windows!!! I hope the drive knows where he's going!!!!
2019 Western Daily Press (Nexis) 4 Apr. 7 It is almost impossible to imagine a world where any Bristolian gets on or off a bus without saying ‘cheers drive’.
III. A heavy blow or stroke and related senses.
8. A heavy blow or stroke; esp. (in early use colloquial) a forceful punch or blow with the hand. Now rare.
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the world > movement > impact > striking > striking in specific manner > [noun] > a driving stroke
drive1739
1739 Mock-preacher 26 Speak but another word, and I'll lend you a Drive in the Munns.
1888 F. W. J. Henning Recoll. Prize Ring 68 Horncastle..was met again with a drive on the nose as he came on to his adversary.
1898 S. R. Crockett Standard Bearer xxxiii. 294 He gied him aye the ither drive wi' his nieve.
a1911 D. G. Phillips Susan Lenox (1917) II. iv. vii. 194 With the murderous eight inches of that slender steel poniard poised for the drive, she began to sob.
1975 in D. Faul & R. Murray RUC: Black & Blue Bk. 32/1 After every word I said they said: ‘You are telling lies’ and they gave me a drive in the stomach.
2013 Atlantic Online (Nexis) 13 Dec. That same simple pleasure that one might get from watching..a contractor constructing the frame of a house with only a single violent drive of the hammer per nail.
9.
a. Golf. A powerful stroke, esp. from the tee using a long club.
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society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > golf > [noun] > types of shot or stroke
putta1754
like1790
drive1829
tee-shot1850
gobble1857
push shot1865
iron shot1870
push stroke1873
drive-off1884
slice1886
raker1888
foozle1890
hook1890
iron1890
top1890
sclaff1893
brassy shot1894
run1894
chip shot1899
chip1903
pull1903
skimmer1903
draw shot1904
brassy1906
pitch-and-run1908
windcheater1909
air shot1920
chip-in1921
explosion1924
downhiller1925
blast1927
driver1927
shank1927
socket1927
recovery1937
whiff1952
pinsplitter1961
comebacker1965
bump-and-run1981
1829 Caledonian Mercury 14 Sept. Better or more scientific golf playing was never witnessed on our course; and Captain Bertram..declares he has seldom met with more powerful opponents than Messrs Hay and Wood, whose drives were indeed astonishing.
1894 W. Black Highland Cousins I. 36 He made a drive that should have sent the ball over to Lismore.
1987 Golf World Aug. 42/2 After a hooked drive on the fifth hole, which apparently plugged in the rough, Stadler..awarded himself a free drop.
2017 Winnipeg Sun (Nexis) 28 Aug. (Final ed.) (Sports section) s4 She blistered a long drive down the middle of the fairway, [and] lofted her second shot onto the putting surface.
b. Cricket.
(a) An attacking stroke by which the ball is hit forcefully in front of the wicket with a straight bat. Cf. driver n. 18a.See also cover-drive n., Harrow drive n., off-drive n., on-drive n., square drive n., etc.
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society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > batting > [noun] > types of stroke
long ball1744
nip1752
catch1816
no-hit1827
cut1833
short hit1833
draw1836
drive1836
square hit1837
skylarker1839
skyer1840
skyscraper1842
back-cut1845
bum1845
leg sweep1846
slog1846
square cut1850
driver1851
Harrow drive1851
leg slip1852
poke1853
snick1857
snorter1859
leg stroke1860
smite1861
on-drive1862
bump ball1864
rocketer1864
pull1865
grass trimmer1867
late cut1867
off-drive1867
spoon1871
push1873
push stroke1873
smack1875
Harrow drive1877
pull-stroke1880
leg glance1883
gallery-hit1884
boundary-stroke1887
glide1888
sweep1888
boundary1896
hook1896
leg glide1896
backstroke1897
flick1897
hook stroke1897
cover-drive1898
straight drive1898
square drive1900
edger1905
pull-drive1905
slash1906
placing stroke1907
push drive1912
block shot1915
if-shot1920
placing shot1921
cow-shot1922
mow1925
Chinese cut1937
haymaker1954
hoick1954
perhapser1954
air shot1956
steepler1959
mishook1961
swish1963
chop-
1836 E. Jesse Angler's Rambles 301 He would..shew..the exact length which he could cover in a forward drive.
1862 London Society Aug. 115/2 Carpenter might have made more drives to the long field.
1952 M.C.C. Cricket Coaching Bk. iii. 79 Against bowling of quick or medium pace the drive will normally be played with one stride.
2016 Daily Examiner (Grafton, Austral.) (Nexis) 15 Mar. 26 He hit an elegant drive past mid off for the winning runs.
(b) The part of the blade of a cricket bat by which the ball is most effectively driven. Now rare.Cf. meat n. 12 and sweet spot n.
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society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > [noun] > instrument for hitting ball > parts of
face1816
drive1867
meat1909
sweet spot1976
1867 G. H. Selkirk Guide to Cricket Ground iii. 42 The ball is always endeavoured to be hit with this part of the bat [sc. about five inches from the bottom of the blade], which is called the ‘drive’.
1922 D. J. Knight First Steps to Batting i. 14 Many shots you find you will strike just an inch or so above the drive of your bat (which is always just below the middle point of the blade).
1975 A. Waugh Brief Encounter (e-book ed.) He got it in the drive of the bat, and it soared high, higher towards the boundary.
(c) The capacity of a cricket bat to drive the ball. rare.
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1931 Singleton (New S. Wales) Argus 10 Apr. 1/4 The willow-growing area is practically confined to Hertfordshire and Suffolk. Experiments in growing cricket willows elsewhere have failed, the bats having no drive.
1952 M.C.C. Cricket Coaching Bk. ix. 148 The only real test of a bat's drive is with the ball: the response of a really good blade is unmistakable in its liveliness, at once sweet and crisp.
2001 M. Willoughby Echo of Distant Drum vii. 80 The bat stung like a wasp and had no drive at all.
c. More generally, in other sports: a type of shot in which the ball is struck forcefully, and follows a fast, typically straight trajectory. Sometimes (Baseball): = line-drive n.
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society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > [noun] > batting > types of hit
skyscraper1842
single1851
grass trimmer1867
safe hit1867
roller1871
sacrifice1880
triple1880
two-bagger1880
sacrifice hit1881
pop-up1882
pop fly1884
fungo1887
bunt1889
safety1895
bunting1896
drive1896
hit and run1899
pinch hit1905
Texas leaguer1905
squeeze1908
hopper1914
scratch hit1917
squib1929
line-drive1931
nubber1937
lay-in1951
squeeze bunt1952
comebacker1954
moon shot1961
gapper1970
sacrifice fly1970
sacrifice bunt1974
1896 Badminton Mag. Aug. 224 The boundary rule, which closes a turn if the ball of player or opponent is croqueted off the field..takes away the old-time pleasure of a good golfing drive the whole length of the court.
1909 Manch. Guardian 5 Mar. 3/5 He has a powerful forehand drive, a service return that is severe enough to, and very often does, score outright.
1965 Badminton (‘Know the Game’ Ser.) (ed. 2) 31/1 The man should take the shuttle as early as possible, playing drives when the shuttle is too low to smash.
1991 L. Koppett New Thinking Fan's Guide to Baseball 84 If a liner is not directly at a fielder, it takes a lot of hustle to get in front of it to keep it from becoming an extra-base hit. The ‘good jump’ really counts in holding such drives to singles.
2007 N.Y. Times Mag. 24 June 38/1 He explodes, uncoiling his wiry 5-foot-10 frame into the serve... He's hitting all kinds of shots—slices, topspin drives, off-speed loopers—and displaying the versatility that drove his opponents crazy in the juniors.
10. Mining (chiefly Australian and New Zealand). A passage driven or excavated horizontally or at a slight incline.
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society > occupation and work > workplace > places where raw materials are extracted > mine > [noun] > passage > horizontal
drift1653
sump1681
heading1811
driftway1843
drive1856
day drift1859
downdrift1868
header1872
1856 Age (Melbourne) 20 Mar. 3/6 One man was smothered in a drive.
1900 M. Boyd Our Stolen Summer x. 93 Up ladders, down ladders, along narrow drives they went.
1998 J. H. Rieuwerts Gloss. Derbyshire Lead Mining Terms 63/2 The miners' traditional term for cutting or blasting through rock was known as driving, but the passage so made was usually known as a drift, gate, cross cut, sough; a drive in the sense of the passage itself became common only during the present century, for example at Millclose Mine.
2018 G. S. Roonwal Mineral Explor. iii. 112 The drive may start from the bottom of a shaft or other opening from the surface and may continue till the end of mineralization is in sight.
11. Type-founding. The imprint of a letter formed in copper or other soft metal by a steel punch, which is then incorporated into a mould for casting type.
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1871 Amer. Encycl. Printing 149/1 When a new font of letter is designed and cut, the type-founder who originates it frequently prepares drives in the manner indicated, and sells them to other type-founders, who convert them into matrices.
1925 Bull. U.S. Bureau Labor Statistics Sept. 19 The punch is, in turn, forced into a narrow flat bar of cold-rolled copper, making a reverse or sunken imprint of the letter, which is called a strike, drive, or unjustified matrix, and after finishing becomes a matrix, that is placed in a mold where the type is cast.
1993 T. Rehak Pract. Typecasting viii. 77 When casting with matrices having exotic drives, such a machine is also needed for grinding down Monotype display molds.
IV. A road, path, or other thoroughfare.
12.
a. A private road or lane leading from the public highway to a house or other building; (also) an area on a person's property on which a car or other vehicle may be parked, and which gives access to the house or garage; = driveway n. 1a.
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society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road > [noun] > for wheeled vehicles > leading to a house
private road1652
avenue1664
drive1780
carriage drive1800
carriage sweep1800
sweep1811
driveway1824
wheel-sweep1833
1780 E. Craven tr. G. Parini Fashionable Day 122 Mine eyes in vain search for thy vis-a-vis, which Love has mysteriously concealed in the darkest parts of the drive.
1894 Mrs. H. Ward Marcella I. i. i. 13 The window in front of her overlooked the long white drive and the distant high road into which it ran.
1988 M. Leigh High Hopes in Naked & Other Screenplays (1995) 241 Valerie's house, complete with its..fake antique lampposts, and her red sports car, sitting in the front drive.
2017 @gemellisx 27 Nov. in twitter.com (accessed 30 Jan. 2020) Just because there's no cars on my drive, doesn't mean you can park in front of it, someone even parked in it the other day!!!!
b. A wide path in a wood or forest.
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society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > track, trail, or path > [noun] > through forest, wood, or fields
wayOE
chare12..
Indian path1634
rackway1685
drive1797
Indian trail1813
wood-road1821
1797 Descr. Nuneham-Courtenay, Oxf. 9 In one part of the drive the coppice is always kept low, in order to present the most picturesque view in the whole place.
1894 W. Robinson Wild Garden (ed. 4) ix. 94 (heading) Woodland drives and grass walks.
1914 ‘V. Cross’ Hilda against World xii. 251 Those broad, green, grassy drives..over-arched by the delicate foliage of the beeches that are the greatest beauty of the New Forest.
2000 Times 2 Dec. 13/5 Opposite a small factory is a broad drive into the forest. At the stile at the end you veer left on to a long track.
c. Originally: a road or broad path suitable for carriages; (sometimes) spec. one designed for taking recreational excursions by carriage, e.g. in a park, the grounds of a large house, etc. Later: a road or highway (chiefly in the names of roads, as in Cherwell Drive). Sometimes also: a scenic route (cf. driveway n. 1b).See also carriage drive n.
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society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > street > [noun]
streetOE
rewa1350
gate1488
gate-row1598
calle1611
drive1799
drag1851
drum1851
plate of meat1857
stem1914
society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road > [noun] > for wheeled vehicles > for carriages
drive1799
cursus1832
carriage road1838
1799 S. Murray Descr. Part Scotl. vii, in Compan. Scotl., Lakes & Craven 200 In some places of this delightful drive the opening is very narrow, particularly north of the Moulin Hows.
1890 Cosmopolitan Mar. 521/1 There is a broad pavement for pedestrians, then a drive for carriages, and another one for wagons and beasts of burden.
1916 G. Burnap Parks xiv. 282 Flower displays..along the main drive in Hyde Park and the various walks of St James Park.
1961 Dominion-News (Morgantown, W. Va.) 29 May 1/1 Between St. Francis High School and Patteson Drive.
1992 St. Petersburg (Florida) Times (Nexis) 28 June (Travel section) 1 e A trove of mountain trails, woodsy bicycle paths and stunning coastal drives.
1999 J. Crace Being Dead (2000) xi. 88 These were the..makings of the service drive, which..would give access to the lorries and the builders. Later, the drive would be upgraded to a civic motorway to serve the seven hundred homes of Salt Pines.
13. Hunting. An area of land or a course over which game is driven. Now rare.
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1835 J. H. Ingraham South-West II. 132 We..proceeded to the ‘drive’..as the hunting station is technically termed.
1835 J. H. Ingraham South-West II. xxxv. 137 An extensive ‘drive’, or forest frequented by deer, extending two miles inland.
2011 Arctic, Antarctic & Alpine Res. 43 485/2 The archaeological sites included campsites, hearths, game drives, hunting blinds, cairns, and a vision quest site.
V. A motivating force; an effort or attack, and related senses.
14.
a. Pressure (sometimes that which is extreme or overwhelming) exerted on a person to perform well, work hard, etc.
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society > occupation and work > duties > [noun] > pressure of business
cumber1669
drive1825
1825 T. C. Hansard Typographia vii. 330 Long may he live endued with strength both of body and mind, to enjoy the delight (and he seeks no other pleasure) of his incessant drive of business.
1854 W. Arthur Let. 23 July in W. Arnot Life J. Hamilton (1870) 430 The constant drive of work has..driven a postponable duty out of the way.
1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 10 Nov. 2/1 The success of a manufactory will depend upon the drive and harshness of the supervision.
2020 @C93ANDERSON 27 Jan. in twitter.com (accessed 29 Jan. 2020) With the drive of her coach, teammates and dedication she was able to achieve the goal of making All-Conference.
b. A steady movement or development from one state, situation, etc., towards another; an onward course; a tendency.
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the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > tendency > [noun]
kinda1200
disposingc1380
disposition1393
aptc1400
hieldc1400
remotiona1425
inclination?a1439
incliningc1450
taste1477
intendment1509
benta1535
swing1538
approclivity1546
aptness1548
swinge1548
drift1549
set1567
addiction1570
disposedness1583
swaya1586
leaning1587
intention1594
inflection1597
inclinableness1608
appetite1626
vogue1626
tendency1628
tendence1632
aptitude1633
gravitation1644
propension1644
biasing1645
conducement1646
flexure1652
propendency1660
tend1663
vergencya1665
pend1674
to have a way of1748
polarity1767
appetency1802
drive1885
overleaning1896
1885 News & Observer (Raleigh, N. Carolina) 14 June There must be nice adjustment of system and methods to the drive of the times.
1895 Church Q. Rev. Oct. 152 We..believe that the tendency and drive of things is forward to a reasoned faith.
1990 Stand Mag. Summer 82/2 Superficially A Summer Affair does resemble those adultery-in-Hampstead novels so popular in Britain, but its gradual yet irreversible drive towards tragedy gives it an extra dimension.
2007 C. Mallat Introd. to Middle Eastern Law iv. 168 Part of this openness has come from a general drive towards democracy in the world as a whole.
15.
a. Military. A forceful advance or attack.
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society > armed hostility > military operations > manoeuvre > [noun] > advance
approach1489
head1577
advance1593
drive1837
push1916
wave1943
1837 Army & Navy Chron. 30 Mar. 206/1 The Big Swamp was accordingly left without being disturbed by ‘a sortie’, ‘a sally’, ‘a drive’, or ‘a drag’.
1911 Encycl. Brit. XXVII. 207/2 Lord Kitchener commenced his first drive.
1944 Daily Progress (Charlottesville, Va.) 12 May 1/8 The Fifth and Eighth armies have launched the greatest drive in Mediterranean warfare in the jump-off of Allied spring offensives.
2017 Daily Gleaner (New Brunswick) (Nexis) 18 May a9 British forces continued their relentless drive on the Western front in mid-May 1917.
b. American Football and Canadian Football. A consecutive set of plays from scrimmage in which one team advances the ball towards their opponent's end zone.A drive begins with the first play from scrimmage after the team gains possession of the ball, and ends when the team scores or turns the ball over, or when playing time elapses. See also touchdown drive n.
ΚΠ
1904 Chicago Sunday Tribune 27 Nov. (Sporting section) 2/5 After long, grueling drives down the field, the Oak Park boys were in a position to attempt field goals twice.
1929 Biddeford (Maine) Daily Jrnl. 30 Sept. 6/4 It was apparent from their opening drive that the game was to be a battle.
1977 Washington Post (Nexis) 2 Jan. e1 Manges hit freshman Eric Sievers with a 17-yard, fourth-down pass to keep the drive alive.
2015 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 5 Jan. d4/6 It was a 99-yard drive that took 14 plays, ending with an artful juking and darting 18-yard run by Bush.
c. Basketball. A fast, powerful move to advance the ball, esp. directly towards the basket, while dribbling.
ΚΠ
1927 E. Liverpool (Ohio) Rev.-Tribune 24 Mar. 14/1 Wilde got free for a moment and was headed on a drive toward the basket.
1960 Tucson (Arizona) Daily Citizen 11 Feb. 43/5 The Lobos came apart at their defensive seams as U.A. tied it up with 2:45 remaining, 60-60, on a twisting baseline drive by Jordan and a free throw by Kirk Young.
1972 D. Wolf Foul! iii. 40 Connie faked a drive, then swished a jumper from fifteen feet.
2018 Nat. Rev. 30 Apr. 21/2 The best way to play [NBA basketball] is the most exciting—with speed, featuring slashing drives to the basket and kick-outs to shooters.
16. Energy and determination to achieve something; energetic initiative; motivation.
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the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > [noun] > energy or enterprise
undertakingc1400
enterprisec1450
energy1793
dynamism1831
go-aheadism1838
get-up1841
go-ahead1843
go-aheadness1847
drive1859
get-up-and-get1865
get-up-and-go1871
get-there-ativeness1883
push-and-go1885
hustle1892
go-getting1919
go-gettingness1928
dynamicism1947
go-go-go1954
1859 St. Paul Weekly Minnesotian 3 Dec. To facilitate this purpose, a Clerk, who is a man of energy, drive, a good reader with a distinct and clear voice, is a desideratum.
1944 J. S. Huxley On Living in Revol. xv. 195 Such men seem to lack the drive and confidence needed for public life.
1987 X. Hollander Happy Hooker (rev. ed.) ii. 31 Even in those early days I had the desire and the drive to be Numero Uno.
2009 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 26 July (Weekend section) 10 He was the first one in his immigrant neighborhood to go to college. I admired what he had accomplished by drive and hard work.
17.
a. Originally U.S. An organized effort or set of actions aimed at achieving a particular end. Sometimes: spec. an event or campaign to raise money for a particular cause.See also economy drive n. recruitment drive n., sales drive n., etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > endeavour > [noun] > an attempt > organized
drive1863
1863 Congress. Globe 3 Mar. 1530/1 The Senator from Illinois seems to think that we are so commanded to attempt this legislation, that we must make a drive at it.
1876 Testimony Comm. Indian Affairs 429 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (44th Congr., 1st Sess.: House of Representatives Misc. Doc. 167) V They made a drive to have me removed from the agency.
1928 Britain's Industr. Future (Liberal Industr. Inq.) iii. xix. 258 The remarkable American ‘drive’ for the sale of Liberty Bonds.
1941 Times Weekly 30 July 15 The export drive of the automobile industry.
1954 Sat. Rev. (U.S.) 17 Apr. 36/1 A legitimate enterprise whose business it is to raise funds for charity drives.
2008 Daily Tel. 5 Aug. 9/1 The National Trust is installing eco-measures across its stately homes and castles as part of a drive to make its properties more environmentally friendly.
b. Originally and chiefly U.S. A sale of goods or stock at discounted prices. Now rare.See also economy drive n.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > selling > a public sale > [noun] > disposal of goods at reduced price
riddance?1542
summer sale1840
drive1866
sale1866
clearance sale1880
bargain-sale1898
riot1968
1866 Bellows Falls (Vermont) Times 21 Dec. (advt.) Dry Goods, a big drive on Sheetings, Woolens, a great variety of Boots and Shoes, unsurpassed in quality or price.
1890 Ann Arbor Reg. 1 Mar. (advt.) Ladies, we are going to give you a Benefit and it will be the drive of the season.
1893 Chicago Tribune 2 July 36 A Big Cut in Waists A Big Drive in Corsets.
1934 Morwell (Victoria, Austral.) Advertiser & Gaz. 15 Feb. (advt.) Another end of season drive of millinery. 9/11, 8/11, 7/11 hats all one price. Better qualities reduced 300 per cent.
c. A social occasion at which people compete in a game such as whist, dominoes, bingo, etc. With preceding modifying word indicating the type of game played.Cf. drive whist n. at Compounds 2.See also whist-drive n., bridge drive n., beetle drive.Not used in North America.
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1890 Brooklyn Daily Eagle 13 July 16/4 There have been numerous tennis tournaments, several musicales, a euchre drive and a clothes pin party.
1952 Daily Tel. 6 Feb. 6/2 Mrs. Lydia Daw..and her husband wanted a party recently..and so decided to hold a canasta drive.
1953 Oxf. Mail 21 Nov. 4/9 For some time now Bingo drives have been gaining in popularity at Oxford social gatherings.
2015 @NSVillageHub 28 Aug. in twitter.com (accessed 30 Jan. 2020) Charity Domino Drive on tonight at the village hall. Everyone welcome!
18. Psychology. Any innate, biologically determined, or learned urge which has the power to motivate the actions or behaviour of an individual, and which involves the attainment of a goal or the satisfaction of a particular need, esp. a basic need such as sex, food, or self-preservation. Also: persistent behaviour directed towards a goal. [Probably after German Trieb in similar use (late 19th cent. or earlier).]
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > motivation > [noun]
self-energy1722
motivation1879
drive1918
1918 R. S. Woodworth Dynamic Psychol. ii. 42 The drive is a mechanism already aroused and thus in a position to furnish stimulation to other mechanisms.
1918 R. S. Woodworth Dynamic Psychol. iii. 65 As the individual grows up, his actions are more and more controlled by inner drives.
1951 N. Tinbergen Stud. Instinct v. 114 Displacement activities often occur in a situation in which the fighting drive and the drive to escape are both activated.
1958 W. Stark Sociol. of Knowl. 234 It is not a true instinct, but what we have labelled a drive, i.e. not a tendency rooting in the body but rather an attribute of the whole personality.
1962 R. Fine Freud (1963) vi. 93 The individual finds it extremely difficult to recognize his unconscious emotional drives.
2009 R. Gross in B. Puri & I. Treasaden Psychiatry xv. 223/1 Much of the behaviour normally described as play can be thought of in terms of the drives for curiosity, exploration and manipulation.
19. U.S. slang. A feeling of excitement and pleasure; a thrill. Frequently in to get a drive out of: to get excitement and pleasure out of something; to get a kick out of. Also: the sensation of exhilaration produced by taking drugs (now rare).
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > effects of drugs > [noun] > stimulant effect
drive1921
kick1951
the mind > emotion > excitement > pleasurable excitement > [noun] > thrill of
thrilla1680
dirl1787
stound1827
kick1899
jolly1905
drive1921
bang1931
belt1932
1921 Dial. Notes 5 111 To get a drive out of,..To be deeply stirred. By analogy with ‘to get a kick out of’.
1929 Dowerin (Austral.) Guardian 20 Apr. I get a drive out of casing the mob posing around the lobby.
1931 G. Irwin Amer. Tramp & Underworld Slang 67 Drive, a thrill. Formerly that exhilaration derived from narcotics; now, any temporary pleasure or uplift of spirit.
1949 N. Algren Man with Golden Arm i. 58 Sure I like to see it hit. Heroin got the drive awright—but there's not a tingle to a ton.
2020 @WhiffleWhaffle 14 Jan. in twitter.com (accessed 5 Feb. 2020) They're just people who get a drive out of harassing others, and it isn't right.
VI. The means by which a device, machine, etc., functions; a source of power.
20.
a. Originally North American. The means or mechanism by which a vehicle, machine, etc., is made to move or operate; esp. a device by which power is transmitted from one part of a motor vehicle to another; the transmission of power to machinery or to the wheels of a motor vehicle. Frequently with modifying word indicating a particular mechanism or arrangement, as belt drive n. at belt n.1 Compounds 3, chain drive n. at chain n. Compounds 3.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > mechanism > [noun] > driving mechanism
belt1795
drive belt1860
driveshaft1860
belt-driving1875
belt drive1884
drive1892
1892 Canad. Patent Office Rec. Oct. 554/1 The clutch bolt or rod may be engaged and disengaged from one or both of the speeding sprockets on the drive.
1901 S. Merwin & H. K. Webster Calumet ‘K’ xiv. 263 Putting in the running gear for the 'cross-the-house conveyors... He's putting in three drives entirely different from the way they are in the plans.
1912 Motor Man. (ed. 14) 74 Three speeds and a reverse are provided, with direct drive on top speed.
1930 Engineering 11 July 41/2 From the engine, the drive is taken through a cone clutch and spur gearing to a three-speed gear box.
1960 Analog Sci. Fact & Fiction Dec. 45/2 Something crunched heavily under their stern at the exact instant the drive cut out.
1995 J. Miller & M. Stacey Driving Instructor's Handbk. vi. 173 When the clutch pedal is depressed the pressure plate is pulled away from the flywheel, thus freeing the centre friction plate and disengaging the drive.
2010 C. McKay Big Ben xvii. 246/1 When the striking train needs to be wound, the friction and dog clutches are engaged, connecting the drive through to the winding wheel.
b. In a motor vehicle with automatic transmission: the position of the gear selector in which the gears are automatically changed as required.
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1950 Harper (Texas) Herald 6 Jan. 3/3 With the engine started, the lever is moved to place the pointer at ‘D’ (Drive).
1970 D. MacKenzie Kyle Contract (1971) 13 He drove out of Palamos... He shifted into drive and settled back.
2014 J. Faye Princess by Christmas iv. 46 When she turned the key again the engine caught. She exhaled a pent-up breath and put the vehicle in drive.
21. Electronics. A signal, or the source of that signal, which powers or directs the functioning of a circuit or device. Cf. drive v. 14b, driver n. 15a.
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1928 Pop. Mech. Oct. 651/2 The drive is applied directly to the cone in speakers of this type and eliminates drive-rod troubles.
1959 K. Henney Radio Engin. Handbk. (ed. 5) xviii. 36 The drive for modulator tubes which are driven into grid current must have very good output-voltage regulation.
1962 J. H. Simpson & R. S. Richards Physical Princ. Junction Transistors xii. 287 The input impedance of a CE power stage capable of supplying 5 watts will vary typically from 80 ohms at very low drive to perhaps 15 ohms at full drive.
1986 Ham Radio Mag. Nov. 74/2 Grid and screen terminals of the tube are grounded and the drive is applied to the filament circuit in the conventional manner.
2006 B. K. Bose Power Electronics & Motor Drives vii. 416 The power range of the drive is from 315 kW to 5.0 MW.
22. Computing. A device for storing, retrieving and organizing data; (also) an accessible storage space for data, drawn from one or more such devices, with a single file system. Cf. disc drive n. at disc n. Compounds 3.Frequently with distinguishing word as floppy drive, solid-state drive, etc. hard drive, tape drive, USB drive: see the first element.Also with distinguishing letter, as C drive, D drive, etc.; cf. drive letter n. at Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > computing and information technology > hardware > secondary storage > [noun] > magnetic > disk drive
disc drive1952
drive1963
computer disk1966
hard disk drive1974
hard drive1982
1963 Proc. AFIPS Conf. 24 328/2 The disk storage drive is to read and write information reliably from different drives.
1983 80 Microcomputing Feb. 231/1 Once a drive has been activated it remains rotating for only 30 seconds.
1993 Independent 10 Dec. 36 My technique had been to remember from time to time to copy various directories from the C: drive (the hard disk) to the A: drive (the floppy disk drive).
2003 L. Donald MCSA/MCSE 2003 Jumpstart ii. 40 The area of the extended partition can be organized into multiple drives. Each drive is assigned a DOS identifier from D to Z.
2016 J. Chang Wangs vs. World x. 57 She dragged the folder over to the icon for her drive and dropped it in. A progress bar popped up. Two percent. Three.
Phrases
full drive: at full speed; as quickly or energetically as possible.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > [adverb] > at full speed
full drive1662
full bore1756
careeringly1832
1662 H. Holden Check Late Act Roman-inquisition ix. 16 This is the clause I indeed fear may have been procur'd by the importunity of some busie Jesuite; who, should he meet with Mr. White, would scarce perhaps be able to bridle his headstrong zeal from running full drive upon him.
1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World ix. 254 2 of our Men..rode after the Spaniards full drive.
a1726 J. Vanbrugh Journey to London (1728) iv. i. 44 He's coming hither full drive.
1865 Stamp-collector's Mag. 3 114/2 The descent into Savoy down the noble ranges of zigzag terraces, drawn in the massive diligence by ten or twelve animals going full drive.
2018 @Katie_Masters29 27 Dec. in twitter.com (accessed 29 Jan. 2020) Well after a hectic christmas I'm going full drive on writing!
Compounds
C1. American Football and Canadian Football. With present participles, forming adjectives in which drive (sense 15b) expresses the object of the underlying verb, as in drive-ending, drive-killing, drive-sustaining, etc.
ΚΠ
1957 Odessa (Texas) Amer. 17 Nov. 29/3 A big factor in the contest was two Ector fumbles recovered by the Jackets and three drive-killing interceptions by Marlett.
1961 Bakersfield Californian 23 Sept. 30/8 Five of Welch's completions ate up enough yardage for drive sustaining first downs.
1988 Brownfield (Texas) News 4 Sept. 16/5 (caption) A Lubbock Christian defender charges in for a drive-ending sack.
1993 Sports Illustr. 26 Apr. 16/3 The players are still Kansas City style: big, heavy, drive-blocking linesmen, far different from the nimble trap blockers in San Francisco.
2019 Philadelphia Inquirer (Nexis) 2 Dec. d4 At least one of his litany of drive-extending passes late in the game should have been knocked away.
C2. † drive whist n. U.S. Obsolete progressive whist; spec. a form of this in which the losing players move from one group or table to another after each round.
drive bay n. Computing a space within the casing of a computer in which additional hardware can be fitted, such as a disk drive, tape drive, or CD-ROM drive.
ΚΠ
1985 Byte Jan. 440/3 Two forward drive bays hold one or two 5¼-inch floppy-disk drives or a 5¼-inch floppy drive and an interactive streaming-tape drive.
2011 R. B. Thompson & B. F. Thompson Building Perfect PC (ed. 3) iii. 102 Slide your hard drive into the drive bay.
2019 Guardian (Nexis) 16 May Your laptop has its SSD in the drive bay.
drive letter n. Computing an alphabetic identifier assigned to a computer drive; cf. sense 22.
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1981 MP/M II Operating Syst. User's Guide (Digital Res.) (typescript) vi. 33 Remember that the default user area is indicated by the number, 0 to 15, that appears to the left of the drive letter (A, B, C, D, E, F,..P) in the system prompt.
2019 Yorks. Post (Nexis) 5 Oct. Any currently switched-on PC should appear in the Network section of Explorer, from it they can be assigned a drive letter like the c: prefix of your main hard disk.
drive shed n. chiefly Canadian a large building used for storing farm machinery, vehicles, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > outhouse(s) > [noun] > types of
skilling1389
haghouse1400
hovel1435
back shed1535
cot-house1606
boorachc1660
linhay1695
spring house1755
woodshed1764
cookhouse1802
tool-house1817
shed1855
drive shed1869
1869 Boston Daily Advertiser 22 May Convenient stable arrangements for horses and carriages, drive sheds and other structures.
2019 Bracebridge Examiner (Nexis) 23 May 1 The drive shed is where the tractor and RTVs are stored.
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society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > whist > [noun] > varieties of
whisk and swabbers1699
twelfth whist1752
Boston1800
short1825
long1832
dummy whist1843
preference1852
solo whistc1875
hearts1884
drive whist1885
cayenne whist1887
duplicate whist1891
duplicate1894
straight whist1901
1885 Dubuque (Iowa) Daily Times 30 Apr. Drive whist is a new game, and unlike progressive euchre, the losers capture the prizes.
1916 R. Tennal Hist. Nemaha County xxix. 272 The club was organized when the old-fashioned ‘drive’ whist was the rage.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
drivev.
/drʌɪv/, U.S. /draɪv//drəʊv/, U.S. /droʊv/; past participle driven Brit. /ˈdrɪvn/, U.S. /ˈdrɪv(ə)n/;α. Old English drifan, Old English driuan, Old English dryfan, early Middle English drifenn ( Ormulum), Middle English drif, Middle English driffe, Middle English drijfe, Middle English driwe, Middle English dryff, Middle English dryffe, Middle English dryfuys (3rd plural indicative), Middle English dryv, Middle English drywe, Middle English–1500s drife, Middle English–1500s dryf, Middle English–1500s dryfe, Middle English–1600s driue, Middle English–1600s dryue, Middle English–1600s dryve, Middle English– drive, 1500s drieue, 1800s dhrive (Irish English (Wexford)), 1800s driv (English regional), 1900s dribe (U.S. regional (in African-American usage)); Scottish pre-1700 drif, pre-1700 drife, pre-1700 driff, pre-1700 driffe, pre-1700 driue, pre-1700 dryf, pre-1700 dryfe, pre-1700 dryff, pre-1700 dryiff, pre-1700 dryue, pre-1700 dryv, pre-1700 dryw, pre-1700 drywe, pre-1700 1700s dryve, pre-1700 1700s– drive. OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Cambr. Univ. Libr.) i. x. 48 Us drifað þa ellreordan to sæ; wiðscufeð us seo sæ to þam ællreordum.c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1298 Bule..drifeþþ oþre nowwt himm fra & hallt himm all forr laferrd.a1225 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Lamb.) l. 116 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 167 Hine þer to scal driue.c1300 Life & Martyrdom Thomas Becket (Harl. 2277) (1845) l. 197 So moche wo he gan dryve.?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 39 To Dryffe [1483 BL Add. 89074 Drywe], impellere vt ventus impellit nauem.1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Bijv Whiche nacion the Turke..entended to drieue out of India.1603 M. Drayton Barrons Wars vi. xlix. 138 The Sunne, with his day-labouring teames Is dryuing..T' refresh his cauples in the Ocean streames.1763 A. Murphy Citizen i. 3 He drives a phaeton two story high.1887 W. D. Parish & W. F. Shaw Dict. Kentish Dial. Driv, to drive. ‘I want ye driv some cattle!’1970 W. L. Morton in G. Lynch & D. Rampton Canad. Ess. (1991) 95 I could drive a straight furrow.2020 @MatthiasRider 10 Nov. in twitter.com (accessed 12 Nov. 2020) Often the popular way to outcompete your rival is to simply drive your workers harder to decrease expenses.
β. late Middle English dreffe, 1800s dhreeve (Irish English (Wexford)), 1800s dreeve (Irish English (Wexford)), 1800s dreve (English regional), 1800s dreyve (English regional), 1800s 2000s– dreive (Scottish). a1500 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Trin. Dublin) l. 2733 Þai dreffe [c1450 Ashm. driffe] þaim to ponysh, Þat hase dryghten of vndedlynes drawyn þaim onone.1848 W. Barnes Poems Rural Life in Dorset Dial. (new ed.) 258 When the hay ward come wi' all his men To dreve the common.2005 M. Rodger Borth'ick Waitter (SCOTS) The waiter frae the pound wis yaised tae dreive the threshin mill.
γ. English regional 1800s drave, 1800s drayve, 1800s– drahve, 1900s– draive; U.S. regional 1900s– drahve. 1863 ‘N. Hogg’ 2nd Ser. Poems including ‘Mucksy Lane’ 42 Ezzul tuk'd up ta drayve an trapse.1998 J. Downes Guide Devon Dial. (ed. 2) 20/1 Draive, drive.
2. Past tense. a. Strong. (i). Originally 1st and 3rd singular indicative.α. (chiefly northern in later Middle English) Old English–Middle English draf, Middle English drafe, Middle English draif, Middle English drayf, Middle English–1600s draue, Middle English– drave (now archaic or regional), 1800s draav (English regional (northern)); Scottish pre-1700 draf, pre-1700 drafe, pre-1700 draif, pre-1700 draife, pre-1700 draiff, pre-1700 draue, pre-1700 drawe, pre-1700 drayf, pre-1700 drayff, pre-1700 1700s– drave. OE Genesis A (1931) 2805 Þa se wer..draf of wicum dreorigmod tu.c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 15783 Ut off godess temmple he draf Chappmenn.c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Royal) l. 584 A steorm..draf ham to londe.a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) xlii. 2 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 174 Wharfore awai draue þou me??a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 92 A tempest of wynd in þe see drafe him.c1540 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1903) II. v. vi. 165 Camillus draif infinite gudis fra Capena.1611 Bible (King James) Josh. xxiv. 18 The Lord draue out from before vs all the people.1676 T. Hobbes tr. Homer Iliads i. 151 Nor ever thence my Kine or Horses drave.1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 33 The stream that drave the machinery.1887 C. Bowen tr. Virgil Æneid i, in tr. Virgil in Eng. Verse 72 Now from Latium's shores Troy's exiled army she drave.1917 H. H. Peerless Diary 26 May in Brief Jolly Change (2003) 224 We drave steadily westward, like Drake.c2010 A. Muirhead Christ tholed Aa in Kirk's Ear (Electronic text) They drave him out tae ding him deid, Our Maister smeared wi bluid.
β. Middle English droff, Middle English droffe, Middle English droof, Middle English droofe, Middle English–1500s drof, Middle English–1500s drofe, Middle English–1500s (1900s– English regional) drov, Middle English–1600s droue, Middle English– drove, 1800s droove (English regional (Cumberland)). a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 39 Ure drihten drof fele deules..ut af á man.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 9038 He..drof Irisce men ȝeond wateres and ȝeond fenes. ▸ a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. xv. 11 Abram droue hem awey.?c1430 (c1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 241 Crist..droof out symonyentis.1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iv. iii. 104 He..droue vs to seeke out This head of safetie.1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. viii. 342 Whether discontent or curiosity droue me to this second perambulation.1766 H. Brooke Fool of Quality I. v. 167 Away the coach drove at a sweeping gallop.1876 M. M. Grant Sun-maid I. ii. 77 They drove through a shady beech-wood.1986 Sunday Mail (Queensland) (Nexis) 23 Nov. The constantly-ringing telephone drove her to distraction.2015 @LithePhan 24 June in twitter.com (accessed 23 Nov. 2020) Btw I drove the conclusion that the horse ate his eyebrow.
γ. early Middle English dreof (south-west midlands), Middle English dref, Middle English dreue, Middle English dreve (2nd singular indicative); English regional (northern) 1800s dreav, 1800s dreave, 1800s dreayve, 1800s dreeav, 1800s dreeave; Scottish pre-1700 dreave, pre-1700 dref, pre-1700 dreff, pre-1700 dreffe, pre-1700 dreiff, pre-1700 dreiwe, pre-1700 dreue, 1800s– dreeve, 1900s dreev, 1900s– dreve. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14942 Aðelstan..dreof heom..ut ouer Weȝen.?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 1585 Into þe erth his ax dref. ▸ a1438 Bk. Margery Kempe (1940) i. 65 Lord, as þow dreve a-wey hir enmys, so dryfe awey myn enmys!1590 Inventory Munim. Earl of Crawford 16 May II. 198 in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Sindry, Sundry I sett my levin till haife maid the laird and maister Valter at concord and it dreue me and thame sinderie.1602 in G. Donaldson Court Bk. Shetland, 1602–4 (1954) 57 Ane schipe quhilk dreiwe about the bankis.1876 J. Richardson Cummerland Talk 2nd Ser. 44 Squeelin heam t'two pigs he dreav.1995 A. Fenton Craiters Fin ma faither first dreeve a tractor an trailer fae stook tae stook.2005 R. Shepherd It's Time tae Reflect (SCOTS) The late Bill Cowie fa dreeve the Aiberdeen contingent aa ower Britain.
δ. late Middle English drife, 1700s– driv (regional), 1800s drieve (Scottish), 1800s driff (English regional), 1800s driv' (U.S. regional), 1800s– driven (U.S. regional), 1900s– drive (U.S. regional). c1450 (c1400) Sowdon of Babylon (1881) l. 407 A Romayne drife a darte him to.?1746 ‘T. Bobbin’ View Lancs. Dial. 45 Sitch a floose o hay follot me ot it driv me shiar deawn.1858 Trans. Essex Archæol. Soc. 1 178 He driff it to Colchester.1999 R. Malster Mardler's Compan. 30/1 ‘Yow driv yar pigs finely i' the night’ was said to a man who snored.2002 A. Proulx That Old Ace in Hole viii. 76 They..driv a stake down through into the ground.
ε. 1800s dhruv (Irish English (northern)), 1800s dreuv (English regional (northern)), 1800s druv (regional), 1800s druv' (U.S. regional), 1800s druve (Scottish). 1826 J. Wilson et al. Noctes Ambrosianae in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Feb. 214 Just to get rid o' the endless fash o' letters by the carrier, I druve into toun here.1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. 107/2 Drive, past tense and past participle Driv, Druv.
(ii). Plural.α. Old English drifan, Old English drifon, Old English dryfon (in prefixed forms), late Old English driuan, late Old English driuon (in prefixed forms), early Middle English drifen, Middle English driue, Middle English driuen, Middle English drive, Middle English driven, Middle English dryfe, Middle English dryue, Middle English dryuen, Middle English dryve, Middle English dryven, Middle English dryvon (in a late copy); N.E.D. (1897) also records a form early Middle English drife. eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) v. i. 113 Hie..monege cyningas beforan hiera triumphan oftrædlice drifon.OE West Saxon Gospels: John (Corpus Cambr.) ix. 35 Ða se Hælend gehyrde þæt hig hyne drifon ut [c1200 Hatton Gospels drifen].c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 838 Heo..driuen heom on-ȝeinwærd. ▸ a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Job xxiv. 3 Thei dryuen [a1425 L.V. driueden] awei the asse of moderles childer.a1500 (?c1450) Merlin iv. 78 We driven the remenaunt in at the yates.
β. early Old English dreofan (in prefixed forms), early Old English dreofon, early Old English driofan (in prefixed forms), Old English driofon (Northumbrian, in prefixed forms), Old English driofun (Northumbrian, in prefixed forms), late Middle English dreue, late Middle English dreuen, late Middle English dreuyn, late Middle English dreve, late Middle English dreven, late Middle English drevyn. eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) ii. v. 112 Dreofon hine onweg, & heton þæt he mid his geferum of heora rice gewite.a1450 St. Edith (Faust.) (1883) l. 54 Þai drevyn þe Brytones houȝt Fro herre owne habitacyone..And drevyn hem in-to Walys.
γ. late Middle English drof, late Middle English drofe, late Middle English droff, late Middle English droffe, late Middle English droof, late Middle English droue, late Middle English drouen, late Middle English drove, late Middle English drovyn. ▸ a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 139 Þe lordes..to fiȝte wiþ hir..bonde men..bere whippes in hir hondes; and so fered þe cherles [L. servos], and droof hem away.c1450 (c1425) Brut (Cambr. Kk.1.12) 337 Þai..droff out alle þe prisoners.
δ. chiefly northern Middle English draf, Middle English drafe, Middle English draue. c1390 MS Vernon Homilies in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1877) 57 275 Foles hym draf To scorn, for vn comely he seemed to hem.?a1425 (?c1350) Northern Passion (Rawl.) l. 2802 Þai draue it thurgh-out both his fete.
b. Weak.α. late Middle English driueden (plural), late Middle English dryueden (plural), late Middle English dryvede, late Middle English–1500s dryued, 1500s–1600s driued, 1600s– drived (now regional or nonstandard), 1800s drivened (U.S. regional); N.E.D. (1897) also records a form late Middle English drived. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Job xxiv. 3 Thei driueden awei the asse of fadirlesse children.c1450 (?a1400) Sege Melayne (1880) l. 328 To þe Duke a dynt he dryvede.?1573 L. Lloyd Pilgrimage of Princes f. 37 Which roote with his smell driued out deuils.1685 R. Baxter Paraphr. New Test. John iv. 46 Outward necessities..drived many to seek to Christ.1797 A. M. Bennett Beggar Girl IV. 186 The old fellow that drived the cart.1877 Reading Club 4 34 He drived plough, sowed, and reaped, and all other 'cultural works loike.1977 J. H. Reese Cherokee Diamondback v. 64 I drived the horses for this man.2018 A. Rotter This Side Justice 621 As we was all gathered, Sheriff Rancotti drived up to the McCallister house with five squad cars behind him.
β. English regional 1800s dreft; Scottish 1900s– drevvd. 1839 C. Clark John Noakes & Mary Styles 23 They dreft a pritty stroke.1990 S. Stephen in J. Hendry Chapman 60 51 A wummin drevvd up in een o thae Beetle cars and went ‘toot’, ‘toot’ on hir hoarin.
γ. 1800s– droved (regional and nonstandard). 1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. Droved, past tense of to drive (always)..I droved home last night.1997 Rap Pages 6 50 Jay Z! Jay Z! I know'd it was you when ya'll droved up.2012 M. W. Blackwell Behind Kitchen Door 267 He droved up into the yard and got out of the car.
3. Past participle. a. Strong.α. Old English drifn- (Northumbrian, inflected form), Old English gedrifan (rare), Old English gedrifen, Old English gedryfen (rare), Old English–Middle English drifen, Old English (in prefixed forms (not ge-)))–Middle English dryfen, late Old English drfen (transmission error), late Old English drifan (in prefixed forms (not ge-))), late Old English gedriuen, late Old English (in prefixed forms (not ge-)))–1600s driuen, early Middle English drifenn ( Ormulum), early Middle English ȝedriuen, early Middle English gedrifon- (inflected form, in a copy of an Old English charter), early Middle English gedryuen (in a copy of an Old English charter), early Middle English idrifen, Middle English drifun, Middle English driuin, Middle English driuun, Middle English drivun, Middle English dryffen, Middle English dryuun, Middle English dryvvn, Middle English drywyn, Middle English idriuen, Middle English idryuen, Middle English ydriuen, Middle English ydriven, Middle English ydryuen, Middle English (in a late copy) 1500s dryvon, Middle English–1500s dryuyn, Middle English–1500s dryvun, Middle English–1600s dryuen, Middle English–1600s dryven, Middle English– driven, 1500s drieuen, 1500s dryffyn, 1600s– driv'n (chiefly poetic or archaic); Scottish pre-1700 driuin, pre-1700 drivin, pre-1700 dryuin, pre-1700 drywyn, pre-1700 drywyne, pre-1700 1700s– driven, 1800s dri'en, 1800s drine, 1800s dryne, 1900s drieen. OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Luke viii. 29 Ruptis uinculis agebatur a dæmonio in deserta : miððy geslitten weron ða bendo gedrifen wæs from diowlæ on woesternum.c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 8247 He wass drifenn ut.a1275 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 9 Þi kare was ouer-comen..ded and deuel driuen doun Þwen þi sone risen wes.c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) l. 6213 Ydriuen he was vnder þe toun.c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 99 All be drifun in to þe seruice of Crist.1553 R. Eden in tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India Pref. sig. Aj Drieuen into Germanie.c1620 A. Hume Of Orthogr. Britan Tongue (1870) i. vii. §8 Quherat al laughed, as if I had bene dryven from al replye.1726 J. Swift Gulliver II. iii. iii. 45 An Extremity to which the Prince is seldom driven.1877 R. W. Thom Jock o' Knowe 52 An' aft has drine the winter snaw.1965 R. H. Billigmeier & F. A. Picard tr. Old Land & New 77 We have been driven a bit too far north.2002 Guardian (Nexis) 9 Nov. (Sport section) 2 Overpitched deliveries were driven back past the bowler.
β. Middle English drif, Middle English driue, Middle English dryfe, Middle English dryw, Middle English drywe, Middle English idriue, Middle English idrive, Middle English idryue, Middle English idryve, Middle English ydrife, Middle English ydriue, Middle English ydryue, Middle English ydryve, Middle English (1500s Scottish) dryve, Middle English (1500s Scottish) (1900s– U.S. regional) drive, Middle English–1500s dryue, 1500s dryff, 1800s– driv (regional). c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) l. 576 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 123 Þe king wolde þat In his court þat plai scholde beon i-driue.c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 522 This bargayn is ful dryue.1517 R. Torkington Oldest Diarie Englysshe Trav. (1884) 59 Dryff in to Barbaria.1871 H. B. Stowe Oldtown Fireside Stories 228 Wal, she sees a woman in a cloak with all her bundles brought out o' Cap'n Brown's house, and put into a kerridge, and driv off.1997 C. Frazier Cold Mountain (2000) 129 Oh, I've driv many a beeve through here.
γ. Middle English drefen, Middle English drefyn, Middle English dreuene, Middle English drevene, Middle English drevin, Middle English drewyn, Middle English ydreuen, Middle English–1500s dreuen, Middle English–1500s dreuyn, Middle English–1500s drevyn, Middle English–1500s 1700s (1900s– Irish English) dreven, 1500s drevyne; Scottish pre-1700 dreavin, pre-1700 dreffan, pre-1700 dreffin, pre-1700 dreffn, pre-1700 dreiffing, pre-1700 dreuin, pre-1700 dreuyn, pre-1700 drevin, pre-1700 drevyn, pre-1700 drevyne, pre-1700 drewin, pre-1700 drewyn, 1700s dreen. 1372 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 82 I se, þoru boþen þin hondes, Nailes dreuen in-to þe tre.c1460 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Laud) l. 9454 Drevyn fro his Erytage.?a1556 Grey Friars Chron. in R. Howlett Monumenta Franciscana (1882) II. 185 By tempest ware drevyn to Porchemoth hauyne.1611 in H. Maule Reg. de Panmure (1874) I. 96 Coer in the auld langage..semis to be drewin fra the Latin word curia.1799 C. Biddle Let. 17 June in G. Washington Papers (1999) Retirement Ser. IV. 134 If the Sickness Had not Dreven me out of the City.1939 J. Joyce Finnegans Wake 98 The noase or the loal had dreven him blem, blem, stun blem.
δ. Middle English dreue, Middle English dreve, Middle English idreue, Middle English idreve, Middle English idrevfe, Middle English ydreve, 1500s dreff. ▸ a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 133 Nilus is i-dreue aȝe.a1475 in R. H. Robbins Secular Lyrics 14th & 15th Cent. (1952) 107 Ffrov dale to doune I am I-drevfe.1517 R. Torkington Oldest Diarie Englysshe Trav. (1884) 60 We war Dreff bakward.
ε. late Middle English drouyn, late Middle English 1600s– droven (now regional or nonstandard), 1500s–1600s drouen, 1800s drowen (English regional (northern)), 1900s drovven (English regional (northern)). ▸ 1449 J. Metham Amoryus & Cleopes (1916) l. 671 The same nyght..That we arn drouyn hens.1557 T. North tr. A. de Guevara Diall Princes f. 152v/2 To haue drouen out the Gothes.1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 668 They are not to be drouen but to be carried in a cart.1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. (1655) viii. 24 We thought it would [have] blown and droven us out of our beds.1700 tr. G. de Courtilz de Sandras French Spy iii. 89 To which he had been droven by absolute necessity.1892 R. O. Heslop Northumberland Words Droven, driven..‘She's been fair droven to deeth, poor body.’1995 A. Hawthorne My Dearly Beloved 39 Ain't nobody droven one of them things past me.
ζ. late Middle English–1600s droue, late Middle English– drove (now regional, nonstandard, or archaic). a1450 in R. Morris Legends Holy Rood (1871) 212 Þe deuyll is drove Fro goddis trone in þe eest.c1565 ‘T. C.’ tr. G. Boccaccio Galesus Cymon & Iphigenia sig. B.iij Whose fierie flakes, his heart assaylde, and mirth to mew had droue.1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 620 They were droue formost.1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xxvi. 13 The victor and the vanquished have alternately drove, and been driven.1819 C. Grotz Art of making Fireworks 12 These rockets, which are drove solid.1974 W. Leeds Herefordshire Speech 59 The nail has bin drove too dip (deep).2002 S. Waters Fingersmith 50 I shall be drove quite maudlin.
η. 1800s dhruv (Irish English (northern)), 1800s– druv (regional). ?1815 D. Humphreys Yankey in Eng. Gloss. 104 Druv, driven.1948 M. Carbery & E. Grey Herts. Heritage 78 Drove, Driv, Druv, put to it: ‘I wus that druv I dint know what way t' turn fer a penny.’2001 M.-J. Tarpey in M. Hickey Irish Days (2004) 72 There was a white stick peeled and druv down in th'exact spot where I found it.
b. Weak.α. late Middle English dryved, 1500s dryued, 1500s–1600s driued, 1600s–1700s drived; N.E.D. (1897) also records a form late Middle English drived. ?a1475 in C. D. Eckhardt Prophetia Merlini (1982) 76 Thei were dryved oute of Englond aftir the deth of king hardeknoght.1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ccclxxxvi. 658 They were driued home agayne to their losse.1603 A. Hartwell tr. L. Soranzo Ottoman ii. xvii. f. 61v They might by generall consent and agreement bee driued quite out of those Countryes.1797 M. Robinson Walsingham III. lxvi. Then a-wou'd be buried in the cross roads, with a stake drived through un.
β. 1800s– droved (regional). 1883 6th Rep. Comm. Devonshire Verbal Provincialisms in Rep. & Trans. Devonshire Assoc. 15 84 He ought to have it droved out.1954 Harder Coll. in Dict. Amer. Regional Eng. (1991) II. 198/2 Drive..past pple: drove, droved (often), driv (occasional).
γ. 1900s– drauved (English regional (Devon)). 1998 J. Downes Guide Devon Dial. (ed. 2) 20/1 Drauved, drove (car, horse, etc.).
I. To cause a person or animal to move on or away, and related senses.
1. transitive. To cause (a person or animal) to move quickly in a particular direction, esp. by using physical force or intimidation; to urge on; to force (a person or animal) to run away or escape. Sometimes: spec. to herd (livestock) from one place to another. Chiefly with adverb or prepositional phrase indicating direction.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impelling or driving > impel or drive [verb (transitive)] > impel or drive animates
sendc950
driveOE
chacche138.
chasec1400
teisec1400
to take up1542
gar1587
urge1594
herd1883
shoo1903
OE West Saxon Gospels: Mark (Corpus Cambr.) xi. 15 He ongann drifan [c1200 Hatton drifen] of þam temple syllende & bicgende.
OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) iii. xv. 206 Gang & drif þa sceap in heora læse & cum eft to middes dæges ham.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1298 Bule..drifeþþ oþre nowwt himm fra & hallt himm all forr laferrd.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8789 Drif heom of ærde.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 3832 I se his dohutir rachell Driuand his bestes to þe well.
1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) (1859) i. ii. 3 Michael that drofe me out of heuene.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 530/1 He drave me out a dore..as I had ben a dogge.
1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Lij We droue them to flyghte.
1653 A. Hesilrige Lieut. Col. J. Lilb. Tryed & Cast 29 Like the Gymnosophists, whose manner was when they were molested with Waspes..not to stirre, or offer to drive them away.
1738 J. Swift Compl. Coll. Genteel Conversat. 181 He..snor'd so hard, that we thought he was driving his Hogs to Market.
1888 J. Inglis Tent Life Tigerland 35 The Indian jackal..can fight in an ugly way when driven into a corner.
1917 D. Haig Diary 11 Apr. in War Diaries & Lett. 1914–18 (2005) 280 The Enemy made a strong counter-attack..and drove the Anzacs back to their original line taking 400 prisoners.
2018 J. Miles Anat. Miracle viii. 100 He is more like a cowboy: galloping hard to drive his herd forward, hooting at the stragglers, lassoing the wayward, moving 'em on and heading 'em up.
2. figurative.† b. transitive. To cause (blame, sorrow, etc.) to fall on (or upon) a person. Obsolete.archaic in quot. 1885.
a. transitive. To cause (something, esp. a feeling, idea, or other immaterial thing) to be removed or cast out; to expel; to banish. Frequently with away, or with prepositional clause introduced by from, out of, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > drive away > an immaterial thing
driveOE
exilea1393
to ding outc1400
banish1460
expela1500
pass1565
divorce1594
abstrude1628
to put by1634
abigate1657
OE Vercelli Homilies (1992) xii. 230 Se egesa..drifeð fram us ælce ungleawnesse.
a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 79 Swilch manifeald pine..driuen ut of ure þoght þe fule lu[s]tes.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 26865 His scrift þou agh noght to driue avai.
1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope iv. f. cxxxviij For to take disporte and solas, and to dryue awey melancolye.
1576 A. Fleming tr. Cicero in Panoplie Epist. 28 [This] drave all my sorrowes into perpetual exile.
1673 W. Cave Primitive Christianity i. iv. 88 When he could not drive the thing [sc. Christianity] he might at least banish the name.
1782 Town & Country Mag. Apr. 208/2 With moving pictures Loutherburg displays His graphic skill... He derives new pow'rs, To drive fatigue from exhibition hours.
1892 Speaker 8 Oct. 427/1 India..has practically been driving China out of the London Market.
1984 L. Erdrich Love Medicine (1989) v. 81 Even after all these years he couldn't touch on the memory without running a hand across his face or whistling tunelessly to drive it from his mind.
2008 National Trust Mag. Autumn 11/3 It's at times like this that we think affectionately of the green places close to where we live,..places which drive away stress and refresh our spirit.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > bring something upon
send971
drivea1400
inrun1471
work1487
to draw down1595
invite1599
derive1611
superinduce1615
incur1627
to bring down1662
induce1857
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 19335 Queder ȝe will driue on vs þe blam.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Sam. xv. 14 Lest he..dryue some mysfortune vpon vs.
1885 R. Bridges Nero ii. iv Drive not the fault on him.
3. † a. transitive. To chase or pursue (a person or thing); to hunt. Obsolete (archaic in later use).figurative in quot. 1639.† d. intransitive. Chiefly in to drive for rent: to round up and impound a tenant's cattle as a means of recovering rent owed to a landlord, the animals being kept until the rent is paid, or sold to raise money. Also transitive: to cause (cattle) to be impounded in this way. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > order of movement > following behind > follow [verb (transitive)] > pursue
followOE
driveOE
to go after ——OE
to come after——c1275
pursuec1300
suec1300
catcha1325
chasec1330
enchasec1380
to pursue aftera1387
ensuea1513
subsecute1548
prosecute1549
jass1577
course1587
to make after ——a1592
scorse1596
chevya1825
to take out after1865
shag1913
OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1900) II. 284 Martinus eac hwilon gemette sumne huntan; þa drifan heora hundas swyðe ænne haran geond þone bradan feld.
a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 209 Þe deuel..henteð us alse hunte driueð deor to grune.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 75 Þe on vlyȝþ, þe oþer hyne dryfþ.
1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) vii. 66 He wyst rycht weile yat yai wald dryve Ye kingis trace till yai him ta.
1639 G. Digby in G. Digby & K. Digby Lett. conc. Relig. (1651) 93 To drive up this belief to the Patriarkes.
c1650 Chevy Chase in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1889) III. vi. 311 To drive the deere with hound and horne Erle Pearcy took the way.
1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake vi. 280 Drive the fleet deer the forest through.
b. transitive. Bee-keeping. To cause (bees) to leave the hive so that the honey may be harvested.Before the use of wooden hives with removable frames became widespread, bees were driven from the hive (in later practice to a new, empty one) so that the honey could be harvested.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > bee-keeping > [verb (transitive)] > gather or drive into hive
drive1609
hive1611
inhive1611
skep1825
1609 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie iii. sig. D2v In this month is the time to kill and driue Bees.
1634 J. Levett Ordering of Bees 47 In what manner doe you use your Bees when you drive them, doe you burne them or drowne them?
1742 W. Ellis Mod. Husbandman Aug. 109 A third way of driving bees, as done by a country dame.
1824 T. Wilkinson Tours Brit. Mountains 144 The landlord..entertained me, as we walked along, with their custom of driving bees.—In Autumn they turn their replenished hives the wrong side up, over which they set an empty one. The bees ascend into their new apartments; they then take them into their solitudes of heath, now in full bloom.
2019 @TheChoirBoy 27 July in twitter.com (accessed 21 Aug. 2020) Fantastic demonstration this afternoon by David Charles of driving #bees at Quantock Beekeepers apiary near Spaxton #Somerset.
c. transitive. To cause (a game animal or bird) to run or fly into an area where it can be killed or captured. Cf. drive n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > hunt [verb (transitive)]
huntc1000
chasec1330
teisec1400
work1568
drive1622
call1768
rattle1829
shikar1882
1622 Relation Eng. Plantation Plimoth, New Eng. 11 We light vpon a very broad beaten path, well nigh two foote broad then we..prepared our selues, concluding wee were neare their dwellings, but in the end we found it to be onely a path made to driue Deere in, when the Indians hunt.
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Driver..used in the taking pheasant powts, in the method called driving..With this instrument the sportsman having fixed his nets, drives the young birds into them.
1894 R. Kipling Jungle Bk. 155 After weeks..of cautious driving of scattered elephants across the hills, the forty..wild monsters were driven into the last stockade.
1980 M. Shoard Theft of Countryside ii. v. 52 Shooting is most satisfactory when game is high in the air, but the pheasants are by nature reluctant to take to the wing. To solve the problem at Highclere, beaters drive the game over the tall, stately beeches.
2019 New Statesman (Nexis) 1 May The ungainly and lazy method of having beaters drive grouse to the guns is pretty much unique to these islands.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > legal seizure or recovery of property > [verb (intransitive)] > seize goods for debt > drive cattle to pound
to drive for renta1658
a1658 J. Cleveland On Inundation of River Trent in Wks. (1687) 294 Then thought on's Lanlord, whom he fears hath sent His Water-Bayliff thus to drive for Rent.
1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield II. v. 82 My steward talks of driving for the rent.
1829 Parl. Deb. 2nd Ser. 21 655/1 They see their cattle driven for rent once a year.
1845 Evid. Commissioners Law & Pract. Occup. Land Ireland: Pt. II 184 in Parl. Papers XX. 1 In some cases I have known 2s. 6d. charged for each head of cattle driven, and in others only 1s.
1868 W. R. Trench Realities Irish Life vi. 82 It was determined at head-quarters that I and the bailiffs should go out in a body and ‘drive for rent’.
4. † a. transitive. To rid (an area of land or other place) of people, animals, etc.; to force animals, people, etc., to leave (a place). Obsolete.
ΚΠ
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 1198 All þe pastours & þe playnes prestly to driue, And bring in all þe bestaill, barayn & othire.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 223 We come not with design of wastful Prey, To drive the Country, force the Swains away.
1727 A. Pope et al. Περι Βαθους: Art of Sinking 9 in J. Swift et al. Misc.: Last Vol. They have..driven the Country, and carried off at once whole Cart-loads of our Manufacture.
1790 R. Bage Hermsprong i. xxiii. 240 If I live I will drive the country of him.
b. transitive. Forest Law. To herd together livestock in (an area of forest land) in order to determine ownership of the animals and levy any fines or fees due. Cf. drift n. 1b. historical in later use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [verb (transitive)] > herd > herd or drive together
drive1540
bunch1828
close-herd1874
band1878
mill1901
1540 Act 32 Henry VIII c. 13 §4 in Statutes of Realm (1963) III. 759 All forrestis..shalbe driven at the feast of Sainct Michaell.
a1648 Ld. Herbert Life Henry VIII (1649) 460 That Forests..should be driven once in the yeer, and unlikely Tits in them to be killed.
1788 Jrnls. House of Commons 18 June 43 627/2 The Cattle of the Cottagers are impounded when the Forest is driven by the Keepers..and when the Owners take them from the Pound (paying the usual Fees to the Keepers) they turn them again into the Forest, having no other Means of maintaining them.
1887 W. R. Fisher Forest of Essex 318 The Reeve of Nasing and three of his fourmen having been required by the under keeper of Epping Walk to assist him in driving the Forest.
1993 J. M. Neeson Commoners (1996) v. 135 The reeves drove the pastures for great cattle and sheep, and for pigs too.
c. transitive. Hunting. To search (an area) for game; to comb (an area) in order to locate and flush out game. Also intransitive with object understood.
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1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. x. viii. 274 The men drive the woods, beat the bushes and reeds to spring the foule.
1890 S. W. Baker Wild Beasts I. 88 One day we were driving a rocky hill for a tiger.
1890 S. W. Baker Wild Beasts I. 417 We were driving for any kind of animals that the jungle might produce.
1987 Country Living Nov. 50/2 We..push through open woodland, then drive a forestry plantation on top of the hill.
2014 Tribune-Democrat (Johnstown, Pa.) (Nexis) 5 Dec. The hunters were driving for deer, something usually done in a straight line, with hunters waiting to shoot as the animals move through the woods.
5. intransitive. Chiefly with for. To fish using a net; spec. to fish using a drift net, esp. for herring, mackerel, or pilchard. Now rare (historical in later use).
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the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > type or method of fishing > [verb (intransitive)] > fish with net > with other nets
fleet1630
rug1630
drive1635
pouse1689
scringe1793
splash1855
1635 L. Foxe North-west Fox sig. M4 They..came to an Iland where they anckred in 16 fathoms, and tries [sic] on shoare with the net for fish, but could not drive for rockes.
1677 London Gaz. No. 1245/3 This last night a small Fisher Boat, with two Men, was driving in this Bay for Herrings.
1705 in R. Caulfield Council Bk. City Cork (1876) 313 Ordered, that no person before or after the 16 of Sept. be suffered to drive for Herrings within this harbour without licence from the Mayor.
1843 Cornwall Royal Gaz. 17 Nov. We have had strong weather..which has prevented our vessels from going to sea, and our boats from driving for fish.
1983 J. S. D. Mellick Passing Guest i. 4 They watched the boats set out at sunset..to drive for herring and for mackerel.
II. To control and guide a vehicle, and related senses.
6.
a. transitive. To control and guide the direction of (a plough).In figurative context in quot. 1745.
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OE Metrical Charm: For Unfruitful Land (Calig. A.vii) 67 Þonne man þa sulh forð drife and þa forman furh onsceote.
a1275 (?c1200) Prov. Alfred (Trin. Cambr.) (1955) 80 & þe cherril be in frit..his plouis to driuin.
?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 165 The wommen..dryuen cartes, plowes & waynes & chariottes.
1451 in A. Clark Lincoln Diocese Documents (1914) 55 I will ye tothir iij hynys yt dryfys the plogh, the Swynnarde, ye childe of ye kechyn, & my scepard of Stane haf Ilkon of yam xx d.
1647 Mercurius Melancholicus No. 4. 4 Essex, Hartfordshire, and Oxfordsheire Swads..whose bodies are unweildy as the Ploughes they drive.
1745 E. Young Consolation 9 Final Ruin fiercely drives Her Ploughshare o'er Creation!
1887 T. Darlington Folk-speech S. Cheshire 303 Push-ploo, a sort of plough with a single long handle like a spade, driven by the hand.
1933 ‘E. Cambridge’ Hostages to Fortune iii. i. 142 In a raw field of stubborn earth a man was driving a two horse plough.
2017 Brentwood Gaz. (Nexis) 7 Oct. 10 They [sc. the ploughmen] will be marked on how straight they can drive the plough and how they impact the ground.
b. transitive. To make (a furrow) by ploughing. Now rare.In quot. ?1611 with forth.
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a1225 ( [implied in: Bounds (Sawyer 564) in S. E. Kelly Charters of Abingdon Abbey, Pt. 1 (2000) 203 Andlang weges to þære gedrifonan fyrh, andlang fyrh oþ hit cymð on þæt wide geat. (at driven adj. 1)].
?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads xiii. 182 The stretcht yokes cracke, and yet at last, the furrow forth is driuen.
1880 A. J. Munby Dorothy 35 Driving her furrows so straight..Guiding the stilts with a grasp skilful and strong as a man's.
1895 Wales Apr. 168/1 He was able to drive a furrow to the delight of even the most envious of surrounding teamsmen.
1970 W. L. Morton in G. Lynch & D. Rampton Canad. Ess. (1991) 95 I could drive a straight furrow and cover every wisp of grass and trash beneath the gleaming furrows.
c. transitive. To control and guide the movement of (an animal or team drawing a plough, cart, etc.).
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c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. vi. l. 136 Treuthe shal teche ȝow his teme to dryue, Or ȝe shal ete barly bred.
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Ecclus. xxxviii. 26 He that holdith the plow..dryueth [E.V. a1382 Douce 369(1) stereth] oxis with a pricke.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vi. l. 437 A werk-man come fast, Dryfande a mere.
c1676 Lady Chaworth in 12th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1890) App. v. 34 Sledges..are counted dangerous things and none can drive the horse that draws them about but the D. of Monmouth.
1790 E. Helme tr. F. Le Vaillant Trav. Afr. I. xxi. 412 To make what, in this country, the[y] call Chanboc, which are whips, used to drive the oxen.
1830 M. R. Mitford Our Village IV. 118 One of a fine yeomanly spirit,..sowing his own corn, driving his own team, and occasionally ploughing his own land.
1983 L. R. Miller & K. Gilman Horses at Work 218 (caption) Ross is a teamster's teamster. If you've driven horses, you understand how good he is as you watch him work.
2010 E. Novickas tr. K. Boruta Whitehorn's Windmill xxxi. 170 The cruel carters mercilessly drove the horses night and day.
7.
a. transitive. To control (a vehicle), governing the speed and direction of travel; to operate and direct the course of (a car, train, motorboat, etc.); to be licensed or competent to drive (a vehicle). In early use: spec. †to sail (a ship) (obsolete). Also figurative.
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society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > driving or operating a vehicle > drive a vehicle [verb (transitive)]
driveOE
call1487
convoy1667
bend1747
herd1954
society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > driving or operating a vehicle > drive a vehicle [verb (transitive)] > drive a horse-drawn vehicle
driveOE
lead1377
tool1812
Jehu1822
OE Cynewulf Crist II 677 Sum mæg fromlice ofer sealtne sæ sundwudu drifan, hreran holmþræce.
c1300 St. James Great (Laud) l. 188 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 39 Þe bestes it drowen forth..huy comen and driue þane wayn þare as þe Quene was.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 2 Kings vi. 3 Þe sones of Amynadab dryuen þe newe wayn.
a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 273 (MED) Then þay þat dryuen þis cart betyn Martyne wyth hor hoytes, and ȝeuen hym mony strokes.
1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique iii. f. 108v He is a meter man to driue the Carte, than to serue in the Courte.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iii. 438 Where Chineses drive With Sails and Wind thir canie Waggons light. View more context for this quotation
1771 Batchelor (1773) I. 256 Mr. F. mounted on the box, driving a stage coach.
1789 J. Wolcot Poet. Epist. to falling Minister 17 Who driveth, Jehu-like, the church and state.
1838 J. F. Cooper Homeward Bound I. ix. 137 Mr. Truck..drove his ship in that direction throughout the day.
1895 Law Times Rep. 73 623/2 The engine-driver drove his train at the rate of..forty miles an hour.
1975 F. Kidd Enchantment in Blue v. 76 ‘That's Nick driving the speed boat now.’ ‘Oh, yes, the blond boy from Maryland. He's quite an eyeful, isn't he?’
2016 J. Zafra Stories so Far 29 Joaquin is always making a big deal about stuff he can do that I can't do: drive a car, ride a bicycle, skateboard.
b. To control a vehicle, governing the speed and direction of travel; to be the driver of a vehicle; to be licensed or competent to drive a vehicle. Also: to travel or be conveyed in a private or privately hired vehicle, as opposed to by public transport; to travel by car, carriage, etc. (cf. ride v. 4a).
(a) intransitive. Without construction.In figurative context in quot. 1697.
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society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > driving or operating a vehicle > drive a vehicle [verb (intransitive)]
drive1556
1556 J. Heywood Spider & Flie xix. sig. Iv As I driue, the saide house to pas bie, My carte wheele catchth holde of the corner poaste.
1697 W. Lloyd Serm. preached before House of Lords 29 God hath taken off Pharaoh's Chariot Wheels, he drives but slowly to what he did.
1717 M. Prior Alma iii. 140 The man within the coach that sits..Is safer much..than he that drives.
1892 Times 19 Jan. 7/5 The Queen drove yesterday afternoon, accompanied by Princess Christian.
1988 R. Rayner Los Angeles without Map (1989) 108 We have to take the bus... My car's in the shop. Richard doesn't drive.
2000 Canberra Sunday Times 11 June 56/3 I learnt to drive in Bendigo. My father taught me first-up and then my boyfriend at the time.
(b) intransitive. With adverb or prepositional phrase indicating the direction of travel.
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1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 211 Alcibiades fell flat to the grounde before the carte, and bad the carter driue ouer and he durste.
1793 T. Hastings Regal Rambler 83 The lady, the moment he entered the vehicle, ordered her coachman..to drive on.
1869 Cornhill Mag. May 570 The Murrayshall ladies..drove past him on Palm Sunday, on their way to ‘the Chapel’, with a bit of palm-willow in their hands.
1876 M. M. Grant Sun-maid I. ii. 77 They drove through a shady beech-wood.
1938 Amer. Home Jan. 66/3 We drove slowly home.
2001 S. Brett Death on Downs xxxviii. 247 Carole drove to the village as fast as she could, but was impeded by the local rush-hour traffic.
c. intransitive. Of a vehicle: to move or travel under the control of a driver.
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1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 136 So that a-top [the wals] might driue together sixe Chariots.
1709 G. Berkeley Ess. New Theory of Vision §46. 51 I hear a Coach drive along the Streets.
1882 Harper's Mag. June 122/2 While they were thus chatting, a carriage drove under the porte-cochère.
1991 J. Trollope Rector's Wife ii. 20 Anna's father was knocked down in the Fulham Road at two in the morning by a van driving without headlights.
2000 N.Y. Press 29 Mar. i. 7/3 A car drove past quickly.
d. transitive. To transport (a person or thing) in a vehicle.
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society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > transport or convey in a vehicle [verb (transitive)]
leadc900
drive1667
vehicle1680
ride1687
1667 J. Tabor Seasonable Thoughts Sad Times 14 The best of all Have now no Friends attend their Funeral: No cost of Heirs, no Mourners to be seen, But driven in a Cart, as they had been From hanging carry'd.
1765 tr. A. Goudar Chinese Spy I. lv. 194 I ordered my coachman to drive me to the military coffee-house.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xxvii. 218 I was driven by my two guides in an open sledge to Sallenches.
1904 C. H. Hawes In Uttermost East (ed. 2) 459 I..offered to drive her home, but she laughingly replied, ‘Oh no, thank you; I am a “new woman”, you see.’
2015 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 26 Apr. (Final ed.) tr8 Some tour outfitters will drive your gear from hotel to hotel.
e. transitive. To have (a particular type of car, or in earlier use carriage, etc.) as one's usual vehicle; to own or use (a particular type of vehicle).
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1763 A. Murphy Citizen i. 3 He drives a phaeton two story high, keeps his girl at this end of the town, and is the gay George Philpot all round Covent Garden.
1830 M. R. Mitford Our Village IV. 95 She..rides high horses; has a Newfoundland dog for a pet; and drives a huge heavy landau.
1931 E. Ferber Amer. Beauty xv. 290 Rozia drove a glittering sedan with her monogram on the door.
2009 Independent 2 Oct. 2/3 Jalili is 44, lives in a modest house in Tehran and drives a battered Kia Pride.
III. To propel something by applying physical force, and related senses.† 13. transitive. To beat out or spread (something) thinly; (in later use only in Painting) to spread or distribute (paint, a colour, etc.) thinly. Obsolete.† 16. transitive. To divert the course of (a watercourse). Obsolete. rare.† 17. transitive. To put (a quantity of clothes, cloth, or yarn) through the process of washing or bleaching with lye. In expressions with buck (buck n.3 3), esp. in to drive a buck (of clothes, yarn, etc.). Obsolete.† 18. intransitive. Metallurgy. Of a metal: to be caused to leave a substance as vapour, by heating. Also of a substance: to be heated so that it loses volatile components. Cf. to drive off 3 at Phrasal verbs 1. Obsolete.† 19. transitive. To dress or treat (cloth). Obsolete. rare.
8. † b. transitive. To subject (feathers or down) to a current of air in order to separate the lighter and softer feathers from the heavier and coarser. Obsolete.
a. transitive. To send (something) forcibly in a particular direction; to cause (something) to move by applying physical force. With adverb or prepositional phrase indicating direction: to force (something) apart, away from or out of (something), etc.
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the world > movement > impelling or driving > impel or drive [verb (transitive)]
driveeOE
sendc950
stira1300
enforce1340
swayc1400
compel1447
force1582
impel1611
impulse1611
to set gone?1611
to knock on1642
pulse1666
command1680
eOE Metres of Boethius (2009) xxix. 47 Hwilum ðæt drige drifð þone wætan.
OE Riddle 40 78 Flinte ic eom heardre þe þis fyr drifeþ of þissum strongan style heardan.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvi. lxii. 857 In Ethiopia is anoþer kynde of magnas [þat] forsakeþ iren and dryueþ it away fro himself.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 21143 Stones at him þei draue.
a1450 York Plays (1885) 136 Hayll! duke þat dryues dede vndir fete.
1563 W. Fulke Goodle Gallerye Causes Meteors iii. f. 24 Litle thonder is, when ye exhalation is driuen from side to side, of ye cloude, making a noise.
1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 911 The second vse [of the tongue] is to breake the ayer that is driuen out of the Lungs and to Modulate the voyce.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 4 The heavenly bodies of our system being thus acted upon by..attraction, which draws them towards the sun; and..impulsion, which drives them strait forward into the great void of space.
1858 A. W. Drayson Sporting Scenes S. Afr. 191 He generally drove a bullet pretty straight.
1924 V. Henri & M. C. Teves in Nature 20 Dec. 895/1 The molecule can be modified in its internal structure: the atoms are driven apart, the bonds are weakened.
2012 D. Meyer & B. West Into Fire 145 I drew back my arm and drove the stone down, crushing his left cheekbone.
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a1616 [implied in: W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) i. iii. 230 My thrice driuen bed of downe.
a1697 J. Aubrey in Antiquarian Repertory (1755) III. 48 The Gentlewomen then had prodigious Fans..like that instrument which is used to drive Feathers.
1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Drive,..18 To purify by motion: so we say to drive feathers.
c. transitive. Golf. To hit (the ball) with a powerful stroke, esp. from the tee using a long club. Also intransitive.See also to drive off 4 at Phrasal verbs 1. Cf. drive n. 9a, driver n. 17b.
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society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > golf > play golf [verb (transitive)] > type of play or stroke
drive1743
draw1842
heel1857
hook1857
loft1857
founder1878
to top a ball1881
chip1889
duff1890
pull1890
slice1890
undercut1891
hack1893
toe1893
spoon1896
borrow1897
overdrive1900
trickle1902
bolt1909
niblick1909
socket1911
birdie1921
eagle1921
shank1925
explode1926
bird1930
three-putt1946
bogey1948
double-bogey1952
fade1953
1743 T. Mathison Goff iii. 17 For this the Chiefs exert their skill and might, To drive the balls, and to direct their flight.
1862 Chambers's Encycl. IV. 823/2 Crack-players will drive a ball above 200 yards.
1886 H. G. Hutchinson Hints on Golf 22 Some first-rate players have acquired the habit of ‘driving off the right leg’, as it is termed.
1892 R. Barclay Batch of Golfing Papers 42 He drives with the ‘Bulger’, as so many of the best players do nowadays.
2020 Herald-Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 22 Sept. b3/4 Most weeks, a younger, fitter generation of players..tries to drive the ball as far from the tee as possible, figuring a second shot with a wedge..is easier than, say, a 6-iron from the middle of the fairway.
d. Cricket.
(a) transitive and intransitive. Of a batter: to strike (the ball) forcefully in front of the wicket with a straight bat, generally into an arc from mid-wicket to point. Frequently with the bowler as object. Cf. drive n. 9b(a).See also cover-drive vb., off-drive v., on-drive v., and straight-drive at straight drive n.
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society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > cricket > batting > bat [verb (transitive)] > hit > hit with specific stroke
take1578
stop1744
nip1752
block1772
drive1773
cut1816
draw1816
tip1816
poke1836
spoon1836
mow1844
to put up1845
smother1845
sky1849
crump1850
to pick up1851
pull1851
skyrocket1851
swipe1851
to put down1860
to get away1868
smite1868
snick1871
lift1874
crack1882
smack1882
off-drive1888
snip1890
leg1892
push1893
hook1896
flick1897
on-drive1897
chop1898
glance1898
straight drive1898
cart1903
edge1904
tonk1910
sweep1920
mishook1934
middle1954
square-drive1954
tickle1963
square-cut1976
slash1977
splice1982
paddle1986
1773 J. Duncombe Surry Triumphant 15 To drive the ball beyond the booths, Duke Dorset had the bent; Woods, mov'd at length with mickle pride, The stumps to shivers sent.
1827 Sporting Mag. Nov. 10/1 There would be comparatively no cutting to the point or slip;..and no driving forward.
1851 J. Pycroft Cricket Field vii. 154 Do you ever drive a ball back from the leg-stump to long-field On?
1881 Standard 28 June 3/1 Whiting drove Studd to the off for four.
1963 A. Ross Australia 63 iii. 76 Benaud, who fancies these kind of brief postscripts against weary bowlers, drove Statham and hooked Coldwell.
1994 Guardian 15 Oct. 19/2 Thorpe produced..84 towards England's historic win in Barbados, when he drove off the back foot through the off side with great elan.
2005 Irish Independent 16 Aug. 18/8 Next ball, Wright drove the ball back to the bowler and although it dropped short last man Dewell Nel had backed up too far.
(b) intransitive. Of a bat or its surface: to be suited to or capable of driving the ball (see sense 8d(a)).
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1829 London Mag. Feb. 113 It is the best bat in the school...It is smoother than a looking-glass..and that exquisite knot!—lovelier, to me, than a beauty's dimple. You may fancy how that drives. I hit a ball yesterday from this very spot to the wickets in the upper shooting fields.
1871 ‘Thomsonby’ Cricketers in Council 24 A very light bat rarely drives well.
1933 M. D. Lyon in Aldin Bk. Outdoor Games 678 A bat that drives only when the ball hits it in one particular spot is useless.
1981 C. Gray Eng. for Life 2 (1993) vii. 52 A bat drives more sweetly if its grain is straight and narrow.
e. transitive. In other sports (esp. Baseball and Tennis): to strike (a ball) hard, so as to produce a fast, typically straight shot. Also: to hit (a particular shot) by striking the ball hard.
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1860 N.Y. Times 24 Aug. 8/5 Flanley followed and drove the ball to the right field.
1911 Z. Grey Young Pitcher xvii. 229 Prince drove a hot grass-cutter through the infield.
1967 Encycl. Brit. III. 232/1 A right-handed batter who ‘pulls’, hits his hardest drive to left field; a left-handed pull-hitter drives them to deep right.
1999 J. A. Luxbacher Attacking Soccer 6 An overlooked skill that defenders must possess is the ability to..drop a soft pass into a forward's feet. Defenders too often drive balls or otherwise deliver balls poorly to their forwards.
2013 N. Nicholson ‘I’ of Leadership (e-book ed.) The ball comes to me. Do I advance and volley, step back and drive the ball, run round and play a forehand, take it early with a slice or late and lob?
f. transitive. Baseball and Softball. Of a batter: to cause (a base runner) to advance one or more bases, or to score, by hitting the ball; to cause (a run) to be scored by hitting the ball.Frequently with the base to which the runner advances specified (as in he drove the runner to third base, he drove the runner home, etc.), or with in to specify scoring (as in she drove the runner in, she drove in two runs, etc.).
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society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > play baseball [verb (transitive)] > cause (team-mate) to score
drive1860
score1912
1860 N.Y. Times 24 Aug. 8/5 Holder..drove home his two predecessors on a hit to centre field.
1882 Fall River (Mass.) Daily Evening News 13 Apr. His base hit drove in two runs, and Fennelley's sacrifice hit let in another.
1932 Asbury Park (New Jersey) Evening Press 2 Aug. 12/6 Hampton reached first on Hopkins' error, and Sperry's single drove him to third.
1976 Billings (Montana) Gaz. 6 July 3- c/1 Rookie Butch Hobson drove in three runs with a sacrifice and a single.
2017 Marion (Ohio) Star 17 Apr. 2 b/3 Kelsey Walters doubled and Harley Steck drove her in with a double for the walk off win.
g. transitive and intransitive. American Football and Canadian Football. To advance (the ball) in successive plays from scrimmage.Frequently with an adverbial noun phrase as complement, expressing the distance advanced, as in to drive the ball seventy-five yards, to drive the length of the field, etc.
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society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > American football > play American football [verb (transitive)] > actions to ball
return1884
snap1887
drive1889
centre1895
to turn over1921
convert1932
lateral1932
snag1942
shovel pass1948
bootleg1951
squib1966
to take a (also the) knee1972
spike1976
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > American football > play American football [verb (intransitive)] > actions or manoeuvres
rush1873
return1884
block1889
goal1900
drive1902
interfere1920
submarine1925
lateral1927
lateral1930
pull1933
to hand off1937
shovel pass1948
bootleg1951
scramble1964
spear1964
blitz1965
convert1970
1889 Democrat & Chron. (Rochester, N.Y.) 24 Nov. 1/7 By successive rushes Cornell drove the ball to Columbia's fifteen-yard line.
1902 N.Y. Times 22 Nov. 7/3 Dartmouth drove for 225 yards through the crimson line.
1973 Albuquerque (New Mexico) Jrnl. 28 Oct. e1/6 San Jose then drove the ball 75 yards in seven plays, primarily on the passing of Kimball.
2020 J. Benedict Dynasty xlii. 480 It took Brady less than four minutes to drive the length of the field, completing five passes.
h. intransitive. Basketball. To move with power and speed, esp. directly towards the basket, while dribbling the ball. Also transitive with the ball or the part of the court traversed as object, as in to drive the ball, to drive the baseline, to drive the lane, etc.See also drive and dish at Phrases 8a, drive and kick at Phrases 8b.
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1917 Wilkes-Barre (Pa.) Record 3 Jan. 9/1 Merle Harris depended largely upon his ability to drive through the opposing defense to score under the basket.
1951 Daily Oklahoman (Oklahoma City) 28 Dec. 16/1 Gene Landolt, who canned 13 points for the night, drove the baseline for two southpaw set-ups.
1970 P. Axthelm City Game vi. 70 The great Brooklyn backcourt men are usually outstanding jump shooters... The dudes from Harlem tend to drive to the hoop more.
1992 Sports Illustr. 30 Mar. 16/2 He..showed an uncanny knack for driving the lane and, while airborne, finding open teammates through the forest of arms.
2021 Detroit Free Press 4 Jan. 5 b/2 The Spartans drove the ball aggressively and got to the free-throw line early and often.
9.
a. transitive. Of the wind, a current, or other moving force: to carry or propel (something) along; to cause (something) to be transported or pushed along.
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the world > movement > transference > [verb (transitive)] > convey or transport > of wind or water
driveOE
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xix. 331 Swa swa tobrocen scip on sæ, þe swa færð, swa hit se wind drifð.
a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 175 Storm..arereð shures fele and driueð hem biforen him.
c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Cambr.) (1901) l. 119 Þe se þat schup so fasste drof.
c1450 (c1400) Sowdon of Babylon (1881) l. 76 A drift of wedir vs droffe to Rome.
1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias lv. f. 117v Their ships were driuen on shore, for all their Ankors.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics i, in tr. Virgil Wks. 53 When the light Stubble, to the Flames resign'd, Is driv'n along, and crackles in the Wind. View more context for this quotation
1800 London Packet 21 Nov. A loaded waggon..was driven forward by a hurricane for several yards.
1841 T. R. Jones Gen. Outl. Animal Kingdom xxvii. 519 To prevent the blood from being driven back again into the ventricle.
1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. xxv. 315 Compressed air is used to drive up molten sulphur through another of the series of pipes.
2003 Hartford (Connecticut) Courant (Nexis) 15 Sept. a1 The wind drove the flames..onto steep slopes of highly combustible Gambel oak.
b. intransitive. To be propelled in a particular direction; esp. (of a ship or other vessel) to be carried along by the wind, tide, or current. With adverb, adverbial phrase, or prepositional phrase indicating the direction or manner of travel.See also to drive off 2a at Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > moving with current of air or water > move with current of water or air [verb (intransitive)]
drivec1275
sail1377
drift?a1600
voyage1835
fleam1863
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14011 Ich isæh þæ vðen i þere sæ driuen.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) ii. l. 718 Sche dryveth Under a Castel with the flod.
1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 17 Forth he droof in the streem wel a ij or iij myle.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xxvii. 15 And when the ship was caught..we let her goo and drave with the wether [1611 We let her drive].
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica ii. ii. 63 The needle..endeavours to conforme unto the Meridian, but being distracted driveth that way where the greater & most powerfuller part of the earth is placed. View more context for this quotation
1694 tr. F. Martens in Acct. Several Late Voy. ii. 43 A great Ice-hill came driving towards our Ship.
1790 R. Beatson Naval & Mil. Mem. I. 157 By the force of the current, all three drove a great way to leeward.
1828 J. Franklin Narr. Second Exped. Shores Polar Sea iv. 147 His canoe was driving with the wind and tide.
2013 R. S. Fenton Tramp Ships (e-book ed.) English Trader..got no further than Hammond Knoll on the Norfolk coast where, in a full north-north-east gale, she drove ashore.
c. intransitive. Of the rain, snow, mist, etc.: to be propelled by the wind. Chiefly with adverb or prepositional phrase indicating direction.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impelling or driving > [verb (intransitive)] > be driven by the wind
drive1565
rack1590
scud1699
1565 in J. A. Picton City of Liverpool: Select. Munic. Rec. (1883) (modernized text) I. 108 The snow driving and warping to and fro.
1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 27 Ithand wedderis of the eist draif on sa fast.
1668 H. P. Cressy Church-hist. Brittany xx. x. 500/1 The bitternes of the cold blasts, hayle and snow driving through it [sc. the valley].
1748 J. Thomson Castle of Indolence i. 528 Oft as he..mark'd the clouds that drove before the wind.
1852 H. W. Longfellow Warden Cinque Ports 1 A mist was driving down the British Channel.
1900 R. St. Barbe In Mod. Spain 59 The rain drove with an angry, snarling hiss.
2018 @thelightoutside 17 Mar. in twitter.com (accessed 4 Dec. 2020) Couldn't take a picture if I wanted to. Air full with fine & fluffy powder snow driving in the wind. Take care out there.
d. transitive. North American and New Zealand. To transport (logs or timber) to a sawmill by floating them down a river. Now chiefly historical.
ΚΠ
1819 Portland (Maine) Gaz. 1 June He had repaired to the river where a party were driving logs, and venturing on one, was precipitated into the water.
1874 W. M. Baines Narr. E. Crewe viii. 170 A million feet of timber, capable of being ‘driven out’ by placing a flood-dam in a suitable position.
1994 Canad. Geographic Mar. 81/4 Boyd Caldwell..won the approval of the Ontario government three times to drive his logs and square timber down the Mississippi.
2018 @poloconghaile 23 June in twitter.com (accessed 19 Oct. 2020) Zip-lining at Chutes Coulonge Park in Outaouais, Quebec. Loggers used to drive logs down this canyon.
10.
a. transitive. To force (something) in a particular direction, or into a particular position, using a thrusting, hitting, or pushing action; esp. to force (a nail, stake, etc.) into a solid object or material by repeated blows. Frequently with into or through.See also to drive (something) home at Phrases 3, to drive out 1 at Phrasal verbs 1, to drive the nail in at nail n. Phrases 1c, to drive out one nail with another at nail n. Phrases 1a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impelling or driving > impel or drive [verb (transitive)] > by impact or force
driveOE
peisec1440
thrust1598
OE Poenitentiale Pseudo-Egberti (Laud) iv. xiii. 53 Gif hwa drife stacan on ænigne man, fæste iii ger.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 99 [Hy] driuen þurch his fouwer limen irnene neiles.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 7809 Thoru his licam mi suerd i draif.
?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 297 (MED) Dryve in þe nayl a-non!
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xliiiiv Thou muste haue..a malet to driue thy knife and thy wedge into the tre.
1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. vii. 233 Small stakes driven into the ground in a circle, and interwoven with broom.
1763 J. Hoole tr. T. Tasso Jerusalem Delivered I. ix. 285 Full on his arm the Pagan drove the steel.
1816 M. Keating Trav. (1817) II. 44 The thief..drove his heels into the horse's sides.
1913 H. H. Knibbs Stephen March's Way viii. 76 With a turn of his wrist he drove the axe into the end of a log.
2000 W. Rybczynski One Good Turn iv. 70 Wrought-iron nails have limitations... If they are driven into a thin piece of wood, such as a door, their holding power is greatly reduced.
b. intransitive. Of a sharp object, a missile, etc.: to pierce or penetrate something with force. Frequently with into or through.
ΚΠ
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2263 Hade hit [sc. the axe] dryuen adoun as dreȝ as he atled, Þer hade ben ded of his dynt þat doȝty watȝ euer.
a1450 (?a1300) Richard Coer de Lyon (Caius) (1810) l. 4315 He bente hys engynes and threw therate A gret stone that harde droff, That the tour al to-roff.
1679 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. vii. 125 These Hook-Pins..drive into the Pin-holes through the Mortesses and Tennants.
a1774 O. Goldsmith Surv. Exper. Philos. (1776) II. 97 At twenty-six yards distance it [sc. the ball] would drive through an oak board half an inch thick.
1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §239 The trenail would drive no further.
1852 H. W. Herbert Knights of Eng., France & Scotl. 413 The light reed hurtled through the air, and its keen head of steel..drove through the bright and glistening hide, through muscle, brawn, and sinew.
1911 C. G. Wheeler Shorter Course in Woodworking 64 Nails drive into hard wood easier if the points are rubbed on a piece of soap.
2007 Atlanta Jrnl.-Constit. (Nexis) 7 Oct. 1 a The bullet drove through the man's heart, creating what doctors call an ‘unreconstructable injury’.
c. transitive (chiefly in passive). To hammer or beat nails, pins, etc., into (an object). Formerly also: †to hammer the hoops into place on (a barrel) in order to make the barrel secure and prevent leakage (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with tools or equipment > fastening > fasten [verb (transitive)] > with nails > in specific manner
tackc1440
drive1565
1565 W. Alley Πτωχομυσεῖον ii. i. f. 8v Buskins, that souldiours vsed in warres, the soolles whereof wer driuen full of little nailes.
1691 T. Hale Acct. New Inventions 26 It being no part of their Undertaking to answer for the Tightness of their sheathing when laid on, and droven with Nails.
1757 W. Thompson Royal Navy-men's Advocate 18 The Casks not having been drove and filled up with Pickle in due Time after packed.
1814 Rep. Select Comm. Gauging Port of London 177 in Parl. Papers 1813–14 (H.C. 343) IV. 1 Upon delivery you do not drive the cask again, unless the Proprietor directs you to drive it, with a view to its being safely carried away?
1859 J. Bentwright Amer. Horse Tamer & Farrier 44 Take a piece of leather six inches long, two and a half wide, [and] drive it full of tacks one quarter of an inch apart.
1910 National Builder Jan. 31/1 A piece of 2x4, with one side driven with spikes.
2020 @lizardthekid 28 June in twitter.com (accessed 5 Oct. 2020) On an unrelated note, should I bring a baseball bat driven with nails, or brass knuckles with me when I come to visit utah?
11. transitive (chiefly in passive). To bring (a person or thing) to a state of ruin or destruction by the application of physical force. Chiefly in to drive to dust or to drive to pieces. Now rare.
ΚΠ
c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Royal) l. 284 Ich makede tenden ierusalem ant driuen hit to duste.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Royal) (1850) 2 Pet. ii. 6 He driuynge in to poudre the citees of men of Sodom and of men of Gomor.
1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne ix. xxii. 163 The raging floods, that trees and rocks downe cast, Thunders, that townes and towres driue to dust.
1646 Z. Boyd Psalms of David in Meeter sig. X10 The adversaries of the Lord all broken shall be driv'n to peices small.
1733 Philos. Trans. Abridged 1720–32 (Royal Soc.) 6 46 His hat was driven to pieces.
1848 N. Brit. Rev. 8 207 The reaction of the water from its vertical cliffs alone preventing us being driven to atoms against it [sc. an iceberg].
2006 T. Goodkind Phantom (2007) vii. 71 In the violent corona of crackling white light, the beast came apart, driven to dust and vapor by the intensity of the heat and power.
12.
a. transitive. To deliver (a blow) to a person; to strike (a blow). Also: to strike or hit (a person) with the fist, elbow, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impact > striking > strike [verb (transitive)] > deal or give (a stroke or blow)
setc1300
smitec1300
layc1330
drivec1380
slentc1380
hit?a1400
to lay ona1400
reacha1400
fetchc1400
depart1477
warpc1480
throw1488
lenda1500
serve1561
wherret1599
senda1627
lunge1735
to lay in1809
wreak1817
to get in1834
the world > movement > impact > striking > striking in specific manner > strike in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > strike with pushing action
drivec1380
thrustc1410
call1729
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 4538 On þe heued a gerd, As harde as he may dryue.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 388 Sir Gawan, so mot I þryue..I am..fayn Þis dint þat þou schal dryue.
c1450 (?a1400) Sege Melayne (1880) l. 328 (MED) To þe Duke a dynt he dryvede.
1583 R. P. tr. P. de la Sierra Second Pt. Myrror of Knighthood i. xxiv. f. 136 He..tooke his broad sword in both his hands, and droue such a blowe at the Prince, that..it depriued him of his sight.
1894 Westm. Gaz. 2 Apr. 7/1 It is not the proper thing to drive a man with the elbow.
1928 F. W. Dixon Hunting for Hidden Gold (1991) xx. 171 Big Al grabbed his shoulder..and drove a punch to Frank's face.
1936 ‘F. Anstey’ Long Retrospect viii. 187 When the opening farce was over, he drove me in the ribs again and explained, ‘That was the fust Act, that was!’
2020 @the_loring 13 Apr. in twitter.com (accessed 6 Nov. 2020) I dated a woman from Colorado that could throw a mean left cross I never saw it coming loved her even more after she drove me in the face.
b. intransitive. With at (formerly also †unto). To attack or set upon a person with blows, a weapon, etc. See also to let drive at Phrases 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impact > striking > strike [verb (transitive)] > strike at
swipc1380
lasha1400
foundc1420
drivec1540
dent1580
tilt1589
snap1631
spar1755
peg1828
slap1842
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 144v Palomydon..droffe vnto Deffibus with a dynt felle.
1752 Scotland's Glory 14 Driving at him with her stool.
1855 ‘S. A. Bard’ Waikna xi. 225 Grasping a knife from the table, he drove at me, with all his force.
1920 Boy's Own Ann. 43 299/1 He came at the attacking natives from behind, firing no shots.., but driving at them with a series of blows.
2000 K. J. Ninomiya & E. Zorensky My Journey in Karate iv. 97 I would imagine an opponent driving at me with kicks and punches.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > condition of being broad in relation to thickness > make broad in relation to thickness [verb (transitive)]
drive?a1475
flat1651
flatten1728
smooth1859
spread1859
pancake1879
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > art of colouring > colour [verb (transitive)] > modify tone > by thin layer of paint > spread thin layer > quickly
drive1849
?a1475 Noble Bk. Cookry in Middle Eng. Dict. at Driven Foilles..as thyn as ye may dryf them.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 529/2 I drive a thyng abrode, I spred it, or make it larger, jeslargis..Drive this playster abrode, eslargissez cest emplastre.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 553 A master and his prentise wrought in a strife and contention, whether of them could driue his earth thinnest.
1849 J. S. Templeton Guide Oil Painting (ed. 39) i. 44 By..scumbling is meant the driving opaque tints very thinly over parts that have already been painted.
1859 T. J. Gullick & J. Timbs Painting 230 When colour is spread thinly and rapidly, it is occasionally said to be ‘driven’.
14.
a. transitive. Of a source of power: to provide the energy which makes (a machine, engine, etc.) work. Also of a device, piece of machinery, etc.: to work or operate (another device, piece of machinery, etc.); to set and keep in motion.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > energy or power of doing work > supply with energy [verb (transitive)] > supply with power > supply motive power for
drive1523
1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Surueyeng xl. f. l v One whele is able to driue two stockes, that is to say, bothe a potyer and a faller.
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene vi. i. sig. Z6v A water streame, whose swelling sourse Shall driue a Mill. View more context for this quotation
1696 W. Derham Artific. Clock-maker i. 4 The Crown-Wheel in Small pieces, and Swing-Wheel in Royal Pendulums, is that Wheel which drives the Ballance, or Pendulum.
1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 33 The stream that drave the machinery.
1855 Lardner's Museum Sci. & Art v. 37 The machinery which the axle of the fly-wheel drives.
1891 Times 2 Oct. 3/1 A dynamo driven by belting from the engine.
1958 Times 27 Oct. 7/2 All moving parts would be driven by electrical power from solar batteries.
2015 Courier (Dundee) 3 June (Perth & Perthshire ed.) (Motoring section) 12/1 That 1,498cc three-cylinder mid-mounted engine drives the back wheels and a 96kW electric motor takes care of the fronts.
b. transitive. Electronics. Of a signal, or of a circuit or device providing such a signal: to power or direct the functioning of (a circuit or device).
ΚΠ
1932 Proc. Inst. Radio Engineers 20 1261 To obtain 20 watts or more, a 46 tube may be used to drive the two 46 tubes operated at 400 volts.
1972 H. F. Olson Mod. Sound Reprod. v. 112 Transistor audio power amplifiers are used to drive loudspeakers, disk recording cutters, optical recording galvanometers, magnetic recording heads, and earphones.
1994 PC Mag. 28 June 260/1 The 50-MHz signal drives all of the chip's internal operations, including operations involving the integer unit.
2015 M. K. Kazimierczuk RF Power Amplifiers (ed. 2) xii. 598 The first amplifier drives the second amplifier.
15.
a. transitive. To make (a hole, groove, etc.) in a solid object or material.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > making holes or becoming holed > make (an opening or hole) [verb (transitive)] > by boring, piercing, or perforating
piercec1392
bore?1523
drive?a1525
thirl1609
drill1669
perforate1777
stick1834
puncture1851
sieve1875
pin1897
?a1525 (c1450) Christ's Burial & Resurrection i. l. 665 in F. J. Furnivall Digby Plays (1896) 194 A gret wounde is in your blessit sid, Full deply drevyn with a sharpe sper.
1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 503 The caxee..is made of a white metal of about the size of our farthing, with a small square hole driven through the middle.
1809 B. Clark Series of Exper. on Foot Living Horse 15 A deep groove or channel is driven round it [sc. the horseshoe] at a small distance from the outer edge, indenting it nearly half through the thickness of the iron.
1913 L. White Catskill Water Supply xix. 601 Fourteen-foot pilot holes were next driven vertically, again striking water.
2020 @samuelfine 29 Oct. in twitter.com (accessed 5 Oct. 2020) I voted so hard, my pen drove a hole straight down to the center of the planet.
b. transitive. To excavate (a passage in a mine) horizontally or at a slight incline; (also) to excavate a tunnel. Also intransitive. Cf. raise v.1 37, sink v. 7.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > mining > mine [verb (transitive)] > excavate or sink a shaft or tunnel
drive1665
hole1708
to put down1778
shank1821
drift1849
society > occupation and work > industry > mining > mine [verb (intransitive)] > dig shaft
sump1700
stope1778
drift1849
drive1859
raise1872
1665 R. Moray in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 1 79 In the working, or driving as they call it, of Mines or Adits under ground.
1859 K. Cornwallis Panorama New World I. 132 To sink a square or round shaft..and then to drive or excavate horizontally, in search of the glittering ore.
1871 R. Browning Prince Hohenstiel-Schwangau 126 Yet would fain build bridge, Lay rail, drive tunnel.
2008 B. Maidl et al. Hardrock Tunnel Boring Machines i. 6 Tunnelling machines were used for driving galleries in potash mines.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > cause to flow [verb (transitive)]
roll1566
drive1569
pour1665
run1791
flow1885
1569 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 329 It ys..ordered yt the ffysshers do not drawe, dryve, nor turne any of the common waters of this Towne.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > washing clothes and textile articles > wash clothes [verb (transitive)] > by steeping or boiling
buck1377
drive1578
1578 E. Hellowes tr. A. de Guevara Bk. Inuention Art of Nauigation sig. E.iii If any man neede to warme water, to make lee, or driue a buck, to wash his shirte.
1583 L. Mascall tr. Profitable Bk. Spottes & Staines 10 Firste yee shall laye all your foule clothes to soke in colde water, then driue them as yee doe a bucke of clothes, and when they are well driuen: then shall yee take them all forth of the bucking tubbe.
1623 G. Markham Countrey Contentments, or Eng. Huswife (new ed.) i. 174 Put all the yarne againe into a bucking tub..and lay thereupon good store of fresh ashes, and driue that buck as you did before, with very strong seething lies.
1628 J. Taylor Wit & Mirth sig. B3v A Woman was driuing a buck of clothes.
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Bucking To drive a buck of yarn, they first cover the bottom of the bucking tub with fine ashes of the ash-tree, [etc.]
ΚΠ
1654 ‘E. Philalethes’ Marrow of Alchemy II. 12 Some [metals]..drive One from the other by heat, and their center You shall perceive was never penetrate, Nor either by each you'l find alterate.
1683 J. Pettus tr. L. Ercker ii. xxxviii. 199 in Fleta Minor i Set one of the old Crucibles in the Wind-Oven full of Lead, let it drive gently, and lay the pieces of the used Crucibles one after another in it.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > treating or processing textile fabric > treat or process textile fabric [verb (transitive)] > dress
tuck1377
dress1513
drivea1661
dub1802
a1661 B. Holyday tr. Juvenal Satyres (1673) ix. 169 A greasie cloak..of some gross die, wch some French weaver drove but ill.
IV. To move quickly or energetically; to pursue a particular course.† 22. intransitive. As participle or infinitive dependent on to come. To ride fast on horseback. Obsolete.
20.
a. intransitive. To move quickly in a particular direction; to advance quickly and energetically; to dash, rush, charge. Chiefly with prepositional clause indicating direction.In quot. eOE: to collide with something at high speed.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > swift movement in specific manner > move swiftly in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > move swiftly and violently
driveeOE
fallOE
reseOE
routOE
rashOE
swip?c1225
weothec1275
startlec1300
lushc1330
swapc1386
brusha1400
spurna1400
buschc1400
frushc1400
rushc1405
rushle1553
rouse1582
hurl1609
powder1632
slash1689
stave1819
tilt1831
bulge1834
smash1835
storm1837
stream1847
ripsnort1932
slam1973
eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) v. vi. 400 Ða ic hreowsende wæs, ða ic mid ðy heafde and mid honda com on ðone stan dryfan.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Bodl.) (1981) l. 727 An engel..com..fleoninde adunewart, ant draf þerto dunriht as a þunres dune.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4671 Aruiragus him to draf [c1300 Otho was neh].
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) ii. l. 506 Alfrid it herd, þidere gan he dryue.
c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 712 Doune he drafe to þe depest of þe dike bothom.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid x. xiv. 102 Wyth swyft cours he Furth steris his steid, and drayf in the melle.
1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World xvi. 469 They..ran away as fast as they could drive.
1798 W. Clubbe Omnium 126 In swarms again they seek the Hive As fast as ever they can drive.
1816 J. Scott Paris Revisited vi. 139 A single British battalion..repeatedly drove at immense columns of the enemy.
1911 Literary Digest 18 Nov. 948/2 The shark drove at me again.
2008 Courier Mail (Austral.) (Nexis) 12 Apr. (ETC. section) 24 Lenin was confident the Poles would be swept aside in days as the Red Army drove towards Germany.
b. intransitive. figurative. To work strenuously in order to achieve a particular goal; to work hard at something.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [verb (transitive)] > perform with labour, toil at
swinkc1175
travailc1384
laboura1393
ply1548
toil1552
sweat1589
belabour1604
drive1814
1814 Yankee 28 Jan. 28 Jan. The gentlemen were driving hard to establish a New-England monarchy, before Peace was concluded.
1835 W. Irving Let. 25 Dec. (1879) II. 847 My cottage is not yet finished, but I shall drive at it as soon as the opening of spring will permit.
1842 A. Gray Lett. (1893) 296 I have been driving away at the ‘Flora’, of late, very hard.
1984 Cumberland (Maryland) News 6 Nov. 2/3 The latest numbers look very good... We are going to be driving hard until Tuesday toward what I think is going to be a good, decisive Senate victory.
2020 Western Star (Roma, Queensland) (Nexis) 2 Aug. The best part is, everyone is driving to achieve something for the community.
c. intransitive. colloquial. To play music energetically or with a strong rhythm. Cf. driving adj. 4c.
ΚΠ
1952 B. Ulanov Hist. Jazz in Amer. xxv. 351 (Gloss.) Drive, to play with concentrated momentum.
1959 ‘F. Newton’ Jazz Scene 291 A band moves or drives or just goes.
1999 Billboard 18 Dec. 24/1 I heard this band rehearsing..I mean, they were flying. They were swinging, they were driving. Everything was together.
2003 Ottawa Citizen (Nexis) 21 July (Final ed.) c1 Drummer Jordan Perlson..drove hard behind tenor saxophonist Mark Turner.
21. † b. intransitive. With to or unto. To have (something) as an aim or purpose; to aim or be directed towards (a particular goal or objective). Obsolete.
a. intransitive. To move inexorably towards something, esp. an undesirable state or condition; to tend towards something; to follow a particular course. Chiefly with to or towards.In quot. 2020 punningly, with reference to sense 7b(b).
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > tendency > tend or incline [verb (intransitive)]
wryc888
driveOE
drawc1175
rine?c1225
soundc1374
tendc1374
lean1398
clinea1400
movec1450
turnc1450
recline?a1475
covet1520
intend?1521
extenda1533
decline?1541
bow1562
bend1567
follow1572
inflecta1575
incline1584
warpa1592
to draw near1597
squint1599
nod1600
propend1605
looka1616
verge1664
gravitate1673
set1778
slant1850
trend1863
tilt1967
OE Homily: Sermo Bone Praedicatio (Otho B.x) in A. S. Napier Wulfstan (1883) 304 Þa, þe him hlystan nellað.., ac willað forð on woh and gewill drifan and geswican nyllað.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 4096 Vten iosue and caleph; Alle elles he driuen in deades weph.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. iii. 33 To dede may we dryfe, Or lif, for the.
a1656 J. Hales Golden Remains (1659) i. 146 Christ in his preaching doth every where drive upon parables.
a1796 S. Pegge Anonymiana (1809) 471 The Barbarisms of the Latin tongue..consisted partly in the use of stiff and strong expressions on every trifling occasion; so we have our monstrous, prodigious, vast, shocking, devilish, at every turn: are we not driving towards Barbarity?
1858 E. H. Sears Athanasia iii. iv. 279 They were driving into blank universalism.
1908 Insurance Monitor Dec. 454/1 No good end is to be served by encouraging..the temporary extension of the operations of a company that is obviously driving to disaster.
1943 Dublin Rev. July 94 The world is driving towards absolute democracy on the one hand and on the other hand absolute lawless despotism.
2020 @TBRowlands1 14 June in twitter.com (accessed 4 Dec. 2020) This country's been driving towards madness for a long time. Does seem to have acquired a turbocharger lately though.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > intend [verb (transitive)]
willeOE
meaneOE
minteOE
i-muntec1000
thinkOE
ettlea1200
intenta1300
meanc1330
forn-castc1374
intendc1374
ettlea1400
drive1425
proposec1425
purpose1433
attend1455
suppose1474
pretend1477
mindc1478
minda1513
pretence1565
appurpose1569
to drive at ——1574
thought to1578
hight1579
pretent1587
fore-intend1622
pre-intend1647
design1655
study1663
contemplate1794
purport1803
1425 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Apr. 1425 §12. m. 4 I trowe þis be lawe, and þough hit wer no lawe, reson which ought to be ground of lawe, dryveth to þe same.
c1443 R. Pecock Reule of Crysten Religioun (1927) 183 (MED) Þerto not driveþ resoun neiþer knowun couenaunt.
1579 L. Tomson tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. S. Paule to Timothie & Titus i. ii. 136/2 To this end and purpose doth the office of Magistrates driue.
1640 D. Featley et al. Θρηνοικος (new ed.) xliii. 857 All that my exhortation driveth unto, is but to moderate passion by reason; feare by hope, griefe by faith.
1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης Pref. sig. B3 Their intent..drives to the same end of stirring up the people.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > ride a horse (or other animal) [verb (intransitive)] > ride rapidly
runeOE
drivec1300
scurry1580
tantivy1681
to ride triumph1761
jockey1767
tivy1842
spank1843
rocket1862
to let out1889
c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) l. 2702 He cam driuende up-on a stede.
c1330 Otuel (Auch.) (1882) l. 973 Oppon a stede Clarel come driue.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 305 They sawe a knyght comme dryvande by them, all in grene.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xx. 335 Thei saugh her meyne come full harde dryuinge.
V. To compel or constrain a person or thing, and related senses.
23.
a. transitive. To cause (a person) to feel compelled to act in a particular way; to force, oblige, or induce a person to take a particular course of action. With to-infinitive; also with to or into followed by a noun. Sometimes with from: to compel (a person) to reject a particular course of action.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > subjection > obedience > compulsion > compel [verb (transitive)] > to or into an action or state
needeOE
driveOE
strainc1374
halec1400
plunge?c1400
thrust14..
pulla1425
put1425
compel1541
violent?1551
forcec1592
necessitate1629
oblige1632
dragoon1689
press1733
coercea1853
thirl1871
steamroller1959
arm-twist1964
OE Poenitentiale Pseudo-Egberti (Laud) iv. xx. 56 Gif hwylc man stele mete oððe claðas & hine hungor oððe næced þærto drife, fæste iii wican on hlafe & on wætere.
a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 105 He [sc. þe deuel] me drof þerto.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 26262 For þou hir has to sin driuen.
c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 253 Thouȝ ȝe be therto dryue bi peynes.
1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique f. 76v Pontidius..was driuen to laugh at his awne errour.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 184 A prowling Wolfe, Whom hunger drives to seek new haunt for prey. View more context for this quotation
a1770 J. Jortin Serm. (1771) I. iv. 71 An idle person..cannot endure to converse with himself or with his betters. This drives him to contract unprofitable friendships.
1870 Month Nov. 576 His deeply-seated opposition to the then organization of Germany drove him from taking an active part in politics.
1873 W. Black Princess of Thule xxii. 363 The pride of the girl had driven her to this decision.
1989 Times 23 Oct. 32/5 Nor have all the big employers been driven into making big job cuts.
1998 A. Ashworth Once in House on Fire (1999) xvii. 275 Guilt prompted me to lend my sister gear that would make her look cool; it even drove me to give her the odd thing now and then.
b. transitive. To compel, oblige, or induce (a person) to go to or leave a particular place.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impelling or driving > impel or drive [verb (transitive)] > impel or drive animates > of force of circumstances or feelings
drivec1400
send1714
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1047 Quat derue dede had hym dryuen, at þat dere tyme..fro þe kyngeȝ kourt.
?1506 Lytell Geste Robyn Hode (de Worde) sig. D.i What nede dryueth the to grenewode?
1615 J. Stephens Ess. & Characters (new ed.) 425 Hope of imployment driues him vp to London.
1755 S. Walker Christian x. 246 An Adulterer, a Knave, or a Sot! who is drove by the Fear of an After-reckoning to the Church.
1867 Q. Rev. Oct. 440 Thirst for knowledge drove him to Jerusalem.
1931 E. Linklater Juan in Amer. (1987) 299 It was conjugal infelicity, not the desire for adventure, that had driven him to California.
2019 C. Thornton Descendants Cyrus iv. 106 The Iran–Iraq War drove many residents of Khuzestan and other battlegrounds near the Iraqi border eastward.
24. † a. transitive. With to, till. To subject (a person) to something; to treat (a person) with scorn, ridicule, etc. Esp. in to drive (a person) to scorn (also hething): to make a person an object of scorn. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
c1300 St. Julian Confessor (Laud) l. 12 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 255 A-mong heom he cam wel mildeliche and prechede faste a-non. Þat folk drof to busemare.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 26810 Þai crist till hething driue.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 26455 His lauerd he driues to scorn.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vi. l. 153 ‘Me think’, quod he, ‘thow drywys me to scorn’.
1568 A. Scott Poems (1896) 12 Thay wist nocht how to get him pynd, That thame had drevin to skorne.
b. transitive. To bring or force (a person or thing) into a particular state or condition, esp. one regarded as detrimental or undesirable. With a phrase introduced by to, into, or out of, indicating the state or condition.
ΚΠ
1498 Interpr. Names Goddis & Goddesses (de Worde) sig. Bviv/1 Whan they were dryuen to ther wyttes ende Were they not feyne to graunt to be his frende.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VII f. xxxvijv Howbeit the prolongyng of tyme draue Perkyn into a suspicion.
1576 A. Fleming tr. C. Hegendorphinus in Panoplie Epist. 388 Discouraged, and driuen into dumpes of doubtfulnesse.
1615 J. Stephens Ess. & Characters (new ed.) 356 She driues the Parson out of Patience with her modestie.
1726 J. Swift Gulliver II. iii. iii. 45 An Extremity to which the Prince is seldom driven.
1879 F. W. Robinson Coward Conscience II. xxii. 166 ‘It's enough to drive one out of his senses,’ he muttered.
1986 Sunday Mail (Queensland) (Nexis) 23 Nov. The constantly-ringing telephone drove her to distraction.
2006 A. Steffen et al. in A. Steffen et al. Worldchanging (2008) 16 Our current overuse of nature is driving species to extinction all around us.
c. transitive. With adjectives denoting a state of mental disorder, as in to drive a person mad, crazy, wild, etc.: to make (a person) mad, crazy, wild, etc. Similarly with phrases in the same sense, as in to drive a person up the wall, round the bend, etc.
ΚΠ
1706 S. Centlivre Basset-table ii. 22 By all my hatred for the French, they'll drive me Mad.
1841–8 F. Myers Catholic Thoughts II. iv. §40. 388 Questions which drove the subtlest of their doctors almost distracted.
1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin I. xvi. 244 A strange hand about me would drive me absolutely frantic.
1958 R. Galton & A. Simpson Hancock's Half-Hour (1987) 114 Ooh I do hate Sundays. I'll be glad when it's over. It drives me up the wall just sitting here looking at you lot.
1982 Associated Press Newswire (Nexis) 24 Jan. She's doing the show as a break from her ‘film image’—which often is that of a sleek, sophisticated cookie who drives men wild.
2000 T. Hall To Elephant Graveyard (2001) vii. 151 Like no other person I had ever met, the Bengali had the capacity to drive me completely and utterly round the bend.
2015 A. B. Rahmani Kafka's Architectures v. 139 The endless sensory interruptions coming from every which way were enough to drive him crazy.
25. transitive. To urge (a person or animal) on in a particular task; to force or oblige (a person or animal) to work hard; to overwork. Also reflexive: to work oneself hard.In quot. 1645 figurative, with reference to land.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > land suitable for cultivation > exhaust land [verb (transitive)] > exhaust
wear?1507
to wear out1586
drive1645
to run out1698
overcrop1743
exhaust1787
overteem1818
skin1845
nigger1859
overplant1890
the mind > will > motivation > motivate [verb (transitive)] > incite or instigate > drive, impel, or incite
enforce1542
pulsec1550
carry1570
pusha1578
propel1830
drive1838
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > [verb (transitive)] > work animals
labourc1405
pinea1425
jade1615
slave1699
drive1889
1645 J. Ward God iudging among Gods 31 A field which is driven, and the heart of it worne out, what ever seed is cast in, it returnes nothing.
1838 A. Gray Let. 20 Aug. (1893) 79 In order that he might drive the committee a little, if it should be necessary.
1889 Pall Mall Gaz. 30 Dec. 6/3 A very important matter in the training of a horse is not to drive him. I mean by that, not to overwork him, not to push him.
1958 J. Courage in C. K. Stead N.Z. Short Stories (1976) 2nd Ser. 23 He works too hard, he drives himself all the time, making money, filling up his life.
2020 @MatthiasRider 10 Nov. in twitter.com (accessed 12 Nov. 2020) Often the popular way to outcompete your rival is to simply drive your workers harder to decrease expenses.
26. transitive. To cause (a change, process, etc.) to happen or develop; to be the incentive or stimulus behind (a particular development).
ΚΠ
1964 Hist. & Theory 3 329 Evolution..was at once an inner force driving the change in the world and the manner in which the change occurred.
1987 Financial Times 9 Mar. (Survey section) 18/8 New technology will continue to drive changes in industrial relations.
1989 T. L. Daniels et al. in P. Cloke Rural Land-use Planning in Developed Nations vii. 168 State-level planning is important to rural communities because local and regional issues tend to drive the process.
2010 New Yorker 25 Oct. 43/2 A society's resources aren't merely economic, and the extent to which citizens get along with one another independently drives both economic growth and well-being.
VI. To conduct, conclude, or carry out something.
27. transitive. To make or conclude (a bargain, deal); to bring to a conclusion.See also to drive a hard bargain at hard bargain n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > bargaining > bargain [verb (intransitive)] > drive a hard bargain
driveOE
to drive a hard bargaina1628
horse-trade1924
the mind > language > speech > agreement > make an agreement [verb (intransitive)] > negotiate
driveOE
treat1297
chaffer1377
broke1496
hucka1529
capitulate1537
hack1587
haggle1589
huckster1593
negotiate1598
to stand out1606
palter1611
to drive a hard bargaina1628
priga1628
scotch1627
prig1632
higgle1633
to dodge it1652
to beat a (the) bargain1664
OE Rule St. Benet (Corpus Cambr.) lvii. 95 Warnien þa, þe þone ceap drifað, þæt hi nan þing facenlices on þam ceape ne don.
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 522 This bargayn is ful dryue [c1415 Lansd. dreue, c1430 Cambr. Gg.4.27 drewyn].
1559 W. Bavand tr. J. Ferrarius Common Weale v. i. f. 80 Marchauntes can yll buie wares in a marte, when they haue no money to driue their bargain withall.
1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ix. 69 A Bargain can never be driven, where a Buyer can on no terms be procured.
1772 Refl. Petition Subscription 34 The purchaser was a little hard-fisted, in driving the bargain.
1857 M. Grogan Roua Pass I. vi. 194 It is the national gift of shrewdness which enables a Highland drover, almost ignorant of the English tongue, to drive his bargain with..canniness.
a1953 E. O'Neill More Stately Mansions (1964) ii. ii. 59 I want your brother to drive the hardest bargain he can.
2012 Sentinel (Stoke-on-Trent) (Nexis) 18 Oct. 25 The youngster drove a hard deal—it's not often you see an antiques expert held in a half nelson.
28. transitive. To carry out (a plan, project, action, etc.), esp. with energetic determination; to engage in; to pursue. In early use in †to drive (a) speech: to argue a point, case, etc.; to engage in conversation or debate (obsolete).See also to drive on 2 at Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > carry on vigorously [verb (transitive)]
driveOE
to drive through1523
push1561
urge1565
to fall aboard1642
whack1719
beef1860
OE Dispute between Bp. Æðelstan & Wulfstan (Sawyer 1460) in A. J. Robertson Anglo-Saxon Charters (1956) 162 Þa ferde se bisceop to sciregemote to Wigeranceastre & draf þær his spræce.
a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 193 Talewise men þe speches driuen, and maken wrong to rihte, and riht to wronge.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) l. 9679 Þe king wolde þat in his court þe ple ssolde be driue.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 87 What dede haue we don or dryuen to anend.
1552 R. Record Ground of Artes (rev. ed.) Pref. to Edw. VI sig. A4v Arithmetike, by whiche..all recknynges and accomptes [were] dryuen.
1752 D. Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) I. 204 The wife..will still be driving some separate end or project.
1788 Ld. Auckland Jrnl. 31 May (1861) II. 36 The Portuguese princess spoke French sufficient to drive a conversation.
1900 H. P. Belknap Canalero 32 And yet he forms, then drives his plan; In rain and sun, through mud and mirk.
1999 Marketing 16 Dec. 51/3 (advt.) A creative, challenging approach is essential as is a can-do attitude to driving projects to a successful and profitable conclusion.
29. transitive. To conduct (a particular trade or business).See also to drive on 2 at Phrasal verbs 1.
ΚΠ
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) vi. 57 Ne heora nan gerefscire oððe mangunge ne drife, for ðan ðe hi sind gecorene of woruldmannum to Godes teolungum.
1611 R. Fenton Treat. Vsurie iii. iv. 120 Is their meaning that they cannot liue in that fashion as they doe; maintaine their wiues in those fashions that they doe; driue their trades to that height which they doe?
a1745 W. Meston Poet. Wks. (1767) 148 He drove this trade of pocket-picking, Of juggling, lying, shamming, tricking.
1895 T. Roosevelt in Cent. Mag. Nov. 72/2 The liquor-seller who desires to drive an illegal business.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xiv. [Oxen of the Sun] 380 A worthy salesmaster that drove his trade for live stock and meadow auctions hard by Mr Gavin Low's yard in Prussia street.
2002 A. Woolrych Brit. in Revol. (2004) xxii. 638 A small body of Jewish merchants did drive their trade in Elizabethan and early Stuart London, but their status was that of Spanish or Portuguese aliens.
VII. To experience, endure, or prolong something.† 30. transitive. To undergo (a painful or distressing experience); to endure or suffer (pain, sorrow, illness, etc.); to bear. Obsolete.† 31. transitive. To protract or prolong (something); to put off or postpone (something). Also with on. Also (in later use only) in to drive it: to delay taking action; to procrastinate. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)]
thave835
i-dreeeOE
tholec897
abeareOE
underbearc950
adreeOE
dreeOE
driveOE
i-tholeOE
throwOE
underfoc1000
bearOE
bidec1200
suffera1250
abidec1275
drinka1340
endure1340
underfong1382
receivec1384
abyea1393
sustain1398
finda1400
undergoa1400
get?c1430
underganga1470
ponder?a1525
a dog's lifea1528
tolerate1531
to stand to ——1540
to feel the weight of?1553
enjoy1577
carry1583
abrook1594
to stand under ——a1616
to fall a victim to1764
the mind > emotion > suffering > suffer mental pain [verb (transitive)]
thave835
i-dreeeOE
tholec897
underbearc950
adreeOE
dreeOE
driveOE
i-tholeOE
throwOE
underfoc1000
bearOE
takec1175
bidec1200
suffera1250
leadc1330
drinka1340
endure1340
wielda1375
underfong1382
receivec1384
sustain1398
finda1400
undergoa1400
underganga1470
ponder?a1525
tolerate1531
to go through ——1535
to feel the weight of?1553
enjoy1577
carry1583
abrook1594
OE (Mercian) Rushw. Gospels: Mark i. 30 Decumbebat autem socrus Symonis febricitans : gelegen wæs wutudlice swægre þæt is Petrus fefer drifende.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 7829 A fouler dede þan ani may driue.
c1450 in F. J. Furnivall Hymns to Virgin & Christ (1867) 120 Bettyr they were to be oute off lyve Than soche payne for to dryve.
?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 516 Þarfore sorow grete sho draue.
a1500 (?c1414) Paraphr. Seven Penitential Psalms 9 Whil thou wilt here thi penaunce dryve.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > have duration [verb (transitive)] > cause to endure, sustain, or prolong
lengOE
drawOE
teec1200
forlengtha1300
lengtha1300
drivec1300
tarryc1320
proloynec1350
continuec1380
to draw alonga1382
longa1382
dretch1393
conservea1398
to draw (out) in, into, at, or on lengtha1400
prorogue1419
prolongc1425
aroomc1440
prorogate?a1475
protend?a1475
dilate1489
forlong1496
relong1523
to draw out1542
sustentate1542
linger1543
defer1546
pertract1548
propagate1548
protract1548
linger1550
lengthen1555
train1556
detract?a1562
to make forth (long, longer)1565
stretch1568
extend1574
extenuate1583
dree1584
wire-draw1598
to spin out1603
trail1604
disabridge1605
produce1605
continuate1611
out-length1617
spin1629
to eke out1641
producta1670
prolongate1671
drawl1694
drag1697
perennate1698
string1867
perennialize1898
c1300 Life & Martyrdom Thomas Becket (Harl. 2277) (1845) l. 45 He drof hire evere biheste.
a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) l. 6246 (MED) Loke þerfore, executore, Ȝyf þou haue ȝyt hold yn store Þat þou oghest for to haue ȝyue, But fro day to day hast hyt dryue, Þou synnest þan wykkedly.
1537 in J. Raine Depositions Courts Durham (1845) 53 Dryue yt no longer.
1659 T. Burton Diary (1828) IV. 140 If you drive it long, they will make it their advantage to break with you.
1740 tr. C. de F. de Mouhy Fortunate Country Maid I. 207 I drove on the Time, if I may be allow'd the Expression, in Hopes.
1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Drive, to procrastinate, ‘thou begins to drive it’.
1907 A. Bennett Ghost vi. 110 Nevertheless, be warned. Do not drive it late.
32. † a. transitive. To pass or spend (time); to while away (time, the days, hours, etc.). Also with away or forth. Obsolete.See also to drive out 3 at Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > spending time > spend time or allow time to pass [verb (transitive)]
overdoOE
adreeOE
wreaka1300
to draw forthc1300
dispend1340
pass1340
drivea1375
wastec1381
occupyc1384
overpassa1387
to pass over ——a1393
usec1400
spend1423
contrive?a1475
overdrive1487
consumea1500
to pass forth1509
to drive off1517
lead1523
to ride out1529
to wear out, forth1530
to pass away?1550
to put offc1550
shiftc1562
to tire out1563
wear1567
to drive out1570
entertainc1570
expire1589
tire1589
outwear1590
to see out1590
outrun1592
outgo1595
overshoot1597
to pass out1603
fleeta1616
elapse1654
term1654
trickle1657
to put over1679
absorb1686
spin1696
exercise1711
kill1728
to get through ——1748
to get over ——1751
tickc1870
fill1875
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 3727 Þus driue þei forþ þe day with diuerse mirthe.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1176 [He]..drof þat day wyth joy Thus to þe derk nyȝt.
1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope iii. viii. f. lviiiv Venus for her disporte & for to dryue aweye the tyme, wold Interprete the sayenge of the hennes.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 79 Quha..dois his dayis in dolour dryfe.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 113 To drive the tedious Hours away. View more context for this quotation
b. intransitive. Esp. of time: to pass by; to elapse. Also with by or over. Now rare.See also to drive on 1 at Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > [verb (intransitive)]
overgoeOE
agoeOE
goOE
forthgoOE
runOE
overdrivea1275
farea1325
overmetea1325
walka1325
passc1330
slidec1374
yern1377
to pass overa1382
wastec1385
waive1390
to pass awaya1400
overseyc1400
drive?c1450
to drive ona1470
slevea1510
to roll awaya1522
to roll overa1522
to wear out, forth1525
flit1574
to pass on1574
to run on1578
overhie1582
wear1597
overslip1607
spend1607
travel1609
to go bya1616
elapsea1644
to come round1650
efflux1660
to roll round1684
lapse1702
roll1731
to roll around1769
to roll by1790
transpire1824
to come around1829
tide1835
elabe1837
tick1937
?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 6699 (MED) Þe ȝeris of criste war our dryue Sex hundreth thritty and fyue.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) viii. l. 1182 The nycht was myrk, our drayff the dyrkfull chance.
1569 Earl of Moray Let. 22 Feb. in P. F. Tytler Hist. Scotl. (1864) III. 317 Let not time drive, but with speed let us understand her majesty's mind.
1871 J. Bryce Holy Rom. Empire (rev. ed.) 397 Time drove fast onwards, and the Holy Roman Empire seemed left so far behind among the mists of the past.
1948 H. Fast My Glorious Brothers (1949) ii. 54 Time drove by in that rhythmical sweep, measured by sunrise and sunset.
33. transitive. To draw (a conclusion); to conclude, infer, or deduce (something) by logical reasoning or from particular premises. Obsolete.See also to drive out 2 at Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > process of reasoning, ratiocination > process of inferring, inference > infer, conclude [verb (transitive)]
concludec1374
takec1400
to drive outc1443
drive1447
derive1509
reasona1527
deduce1529
include1529
infer1529
gather1535
deduct?1551
induce1563
pick1565
fetch1567
collect1581
decide1584
bring1605
to take up1662
1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) l. 1222 (MED) The fyrst yer of the secund Vrban..as cronycles dryue.
a1450 (?c1421) J. Lydgate Siege Thebes (Arun.) (1911) l. 2792 (MED) To dryve shortly a pleyn conclusioun.
1530 J. Rastell New Bk. Purgatory i. xii. sig. b Thou haste dryuen that conclusyon vpon so many reasonable pryncyples.
1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 141 Spirits..have in a bodily shape told some..what is done at a place, scores or hundreds of miles off, which upon search have been found to have been done there, as near as could be driven.
34. transitive. To derive (a word or term) from a particular source. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) Prol. 13 Oncoutht exquisite termis, dreuyn, or rather..reuyn, fra lating.
1584 King James VI & I Ess. Prentise Poesie Gloss. sig. Oiiijv Cimmerien night, drevin from a kynd of people in the East, called Cimmerij, who are great theuis, and dwellis in dark caues, and therefore, sleeping in sinne, is called Cimmerien night.
1611 in H. Maule Reg. de Panmure (1874) I. 96 Coer in the auld langage is that we cal justice, bot semis to be drewin fra the Latin word curia.
Phrases
P1. intransitive. to let drive. Chiefly with at (formerly also †upon): to attack or set upon a person with blows, a weapon, etc.; to launch an attack. Also transitive: to aim (a missile, blow, etc.) at someone.In quot. 1545 apparently treated as a compound, with the second element inflected.In quot. 1989 with punning allusion to the luxury car market.
ΚΠ
1545 R. Ascham Toxophilus i. f. 41v Drawyng and withdrawing his shafte when he list, markynge at one man, yet let driuyng at an other man.
1566 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure I. i. f. 3 Vpon whom he let driue with greate violence.
1583 R. P. tr. P. de la Sierra Second Pt. Myrror of Knighthood i. i. f. 1 The exceeding fiercenesse with which they let driue their blowes.
1778 Cervantes' Life & Exploits Don Quixote Abridged v. 32 They unbuckled their slings, and began to let drive about his ears with stones as big as one's fist.
1893 ‘R. H. Jayne’ Through Apache Land xx. 173 He let drive a sledgehammer-like blow straight from the shoulder.
1894 J. D. Astley Fifty Years of my Life I. 212 As they advanced, the Ruskies let drive with their big guns.
1926 Travel Nov. 58/2 I let drive for the point of his chin, and he went down and out for a full count.
1989 Austral. Financial Rev. (Nexis) 17 May (Late ed.) 13 (headline) Japan lets drive at elitism.
P2. In various proverbial phrases with the devil as subject, expressing the concept that circumstances sometimes compel a person to act in an uncharacteristic (often reprehensible) way. See also needs must when the Devil drives at needs adv. 5.
ΚΠ
1556 J. Heywood Spider & Flie lv. sig. Aa vv Forth he must (they say) that the deuill doth driue.
1590 T. Lodge Rosalynde: Euphues Golden Legacie sig. I3 He is in hast whom the diuel driues.
1701 Eng. Gent. Justified i. 25 When th' Devil drives, who dares presume to stay?
1770 J. Burgess Beelzebub driving & drowning his Hogs 12 They run fast whom the devil drives.
1916 Rev. Wartime Work Young Women's Christian Assoc. 6 But the Devil drives when the world's at war.
1965 B. Baldwin Red Dust xiv. 147 Incredible what you can do when the devil drives, isn't it?
2010 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 30 July (Arts section) 10 A simply structured, elegantly dispensed cycle of songs that allows Rogers to ruminate wryly..on the things we do when the devil drives.
P3. to drive (something) home.
a. transitive. To cause (something) to move to the proper or expected place or position using a thrusting, hitting, or pushing action.
ΚΠ
1587 W. Bourne Arte of Shooting (new ed.) 2 You must..put vp the pouder with the rammer head somewhat close, and the wadde to go close in, and driue it home vnto the pouder, but beate it not in too hard.
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 58 Coopers..driving home their Hoops.
1839 J. Timbs Year-bk. Facts Sci. & Art 42 The wedge-stone is driven home.
1983 Buck & Hickman Catal. 1983–5 section 1. 70 A firm push drives the pin home.
2017 P. Pullman Belle Sauvage vi. 110 To avoid bashing the glass with the hammer he put the side of a chisel on the sprig and tapped the hammer against that to drive it home.
b. transitive. figurative. To make (a message, concept, etc.) clearly understood, esp. by the use of repeated arguments or forcefully direct reasoning or evidence.See also to drive the nail home at nail n. Phrases 1c.
ΚΠ
1614 M. Mosse Iustifying & sauing Faith 85 This doctrine..would be seriously and effectually driuen home by Exhortation to the hearts and consciences of the hearers.
1788 M. W. Sacred Outcry i. 5 A few Particulars may set this Matter in the strongest Light, and drive it home upon the Mind.
1891 Law Times 90 459/2 The enormity of a particular case only drives home upon the public mind the evils of perjury.
1980 Newsweek (U.S. ed.) (Nexis) 8 Dec. 53 Philosophers have always said that man and his monuments are insignificant, but an earthquake drives the message home.
2011 A. Gibbons Act of Love (2012) i. 13 Rafiq drives the point home. ‘I think they're going to lock us up and throw away the key.’
P4. to drive a coach and six (horses) through something: see coach n. and adv. Phrases 3.
P5. U.S. to drive the centre (also cross, nail): to hit the centre of a target; to make a perfect shot. Now rare.figurative in quot. 1892.
ΚΠ
1775 Virginia Gaz. 7 Sept. One of the men took the board, and placing it between his legs, stood with his back to the tree, while another drove the center.
1831 J. J. Audubon Ornithol. Biogr. I. 293 Those [marksmen] who drive the nail have a further trial amongst themselves.
1835 A. B. Longstreet Georgia Scenes 276 He was very confident of..driving the cross with her [sc. a gun].
1892 ‘M. Twain’ Amer. Claimant xviii. 170 You've hit it; you've driven the centre; you've plugged the bull's-eye of my dream.
1952 Rec. Herald (Waynesboro, Pa.) 1 Nov. 2/1 After a preliminary wobble, the reckless marksman blazed away and drove the nail, and won!
P6. to drive a pen (also quill): to write, esp. (in earlier use) as a means of earning a living.Cf. to push a pen at push v. Phrases 5.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > writing > [verb (intransitive)]
awriteeOE
writeOE
scrievec1390
to drive a pen (also quill)1788
pen-and-ink1801
screeve1851
pen1904
1788 V. Knox Winter Evenings I. i. vii. 82 If he had employed his time in..driving the quill in the East Indies, he might..have been by this time a Member of Parliament by purchase.
1803 M. Cutler Let. 21 Feb. in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler Life, Jrnls. & Corr. M. Cutler (1888) II. 131 I am compelled to write them as fast as I can drive my pen.
1878 W. Besant & J. Rice By Celia's Arbour I. vii. 95 One of half a dozen who..drove the quill for very slender wage.
1945 Macleay Chron. (Kempsey, New S. Wales) 20 June 4/4 Bill Smith and Jack Jones..left school the same day—Bill to go into the Commonwealth Bank, Jack to drive a quill for the Bank of Australian Antarctica.
2016 Forward (Nexis) 26 Aug. 32 A writer splits into two personas: a social being..and a shadowy second self, seated at his writing table in the dark, feverishly driving his pen.
P7. Golf. to drive the green: to hit the ball from the tee on to the green in a single shot.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > golf > play golf [verb (intransitive)] > types of stroke
putt1690
approach1887
duff1890
to drive the green1892
hack1893
sclaff1893
press1897
chip1903
bolt1909
to chip in1914
double-bogey1952
bogey1977
1892 Standard 16 May 6/5 Roland..tried to drive the green. Though a good stroke it was an error to attempt it, and the ball fell into the bunker.
1934 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 21 Sept. 12/8 She drove the green with a long and true tee smash.
2013 Independent on Sunday 10 Nov. (Sport section) 19/5 Dubuisson..drove the green at the 15th to claim a hat-trick of birdies.
P8. Basketball.
a. drive and dish.
(a) In the verb phrase to drive and dish (the ball): to dribble the ball forward towards the basket and then pass to another teammate to shoot the basket. Also with off (esp. in early use).
ΚΠ
1975 Daily Press (Newport, Va.) 19 Jan. d11/6 Penetration is my kind of game. I love to drive and dish the ball off to the open man.
1983 Washington Post 6 Apr. d 3/2 The play was..‘designed to get the ball to Whitt at the top of the key, so he can drive and dish it off or go one on one for the shot’.
2019 Daily News (N.Y.) (Nexis) 22 Dec. (Sports section) 64 They crowded Antetokounmpo when he had the ball, so he drove and dished to open teammates on the perimeter.
(b) As an adjectival phrase (in attributive use, usually with hyphens): designating a move, style of play, etc., in which an attacking player dribbles the ball forward towards the basket and then passes to another teammate to shoot the basket.
ΚΠ
1984 Star-Democrat (Maryland) 26 Jan. b1/3 Emory seemed unstoppable on the 'drive-then-dish' moves and when his man gave him some space, the 5-7 senior popped in two straight from the top of the key.]
1990 St. Petersburg (Florida) Times (Nexis) 22 June 5 c/3 The next echelon of point guards includes Harvey, who has classic drive-and-dish moves and a consistent—not streaky—jump shot.
2010 Daily Globe (Worthington, Minnesota) (Nexis) 12 Mar. A drive-and-dish basket..got the Patriots on the board nine seconds in.
(c) As a noun phrase (sometimes with hyphens): a move in which an attacking player dribbles the ball forward towards the basket and then passes to another teammate to shoot the basket. Also (esp. in early use) drive and dish-off.
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1981 Boston Globe 12 Feb. 49/6 Bird capped a dramatic 6-for-6, second-period shooting display with a gorgeous drive and dish-off to Rick Robey for the half's final bucket.
1990 Associated Press Newswire (Nexis) 12 Dec. Orlando is not known for his drive and dish, but it was a very big pass.
2015 K. Waltman Pull 238 Drew..rips past for a drive-and-dish.
b. drive and kick.
(a) In the verb phrase to drive and kick (the ball): to dribble the ball towards the basket and then pass to another teammate, typically at the three point line, who has a clear shot at the basket. Also with out.
ΚΠ
1989 Los Angeles Times 22 May iii. 10/1 If you play [Johnson] soft, he has three options that can kill us—pull up for the jumper; drive and kick [pass to teammates]; or drive.
1990 Associated Press Newswire (Nexis) 15 Nov. We played unselfish basketball, looking to drive and kick it out to the open man.
2016 N.Y. Times 7 June (Late ed.) b 15/1 ‘He drove and kicked, and their defense was collapsing,’ said Green, who torched the Cavaliers for 28 points, with five 3-pointers.
(b) As a noun phrase (sometimes with hyphens): a move in which an attacking player dribbles the ball towards the basket and then passes back to another teammate, typically along the three point line, who is in a better position to shoot.
ΚΠ
1990 Los Angeles Times (Nexis) 8 May Sports 1/3 You don't want to give Kevin three things: the jump shot, the drive and kick and his own drive to the basket.
2011 Herald-Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 17 Nov. b3/3 Oladipo had eight points and four assists, mostly on drive-and-kicks to Jones in the corners.
(c) As an adjectival phrase (in attributive use, usually with hyphens): designating a move, style of play, etc., in which an attacking player dribbles the ball towards the basket and then passes back to another teammate, typically along the three point line, who is in a better position to shoot.
ΚΠ
1996 N.Y. Times 25 Apr. b 17/5 For the last three days, they have been working incessantly on dissecting the staple of Coach Mike Fratello's offense, known in hoopspeak as the ‘3-Point Drive and Kick Game’.
2019 Times West Virginian (Fairmont) (Nexis) 29 Dec. Harvey stuck another triple off a drive-and-kick assist from Gorman.
Phrasal verbs
PV1. With adverbs in specialized senses. to drive down to drive off † 1. transitive. To defer or postpone (something); to make (a person) wait, esp. by wasting time; to put off. Also in to drive off time: to procrastinate. Also (and in earliest use) intransitive. Obsolete.Cf. main sense 31. to drive on † 2. transitive. To carry (something) out, esp. with energetic determination; to conduct (a particular trade or business); to engage in; to pursue. Obsolete.Cf. main senses 28 and 29. to drive out [compare outdrive v.] † 2. transitive. To conclude, infer, or deduce (something) by logical reasoning or from particular premises. Obsolete.Cf. main sense 33.† 3. transitive. To pass or spend (time) in unimportant activities, esp. in order to delay or postpone action; to while away (time). Obsolete.Cf. main sense 32a.† 4. transitive and intransitive. To lengthen or extend (a text); to draw out. Obsolete.† to drive over to drive through to drive under to drive up
transitive. To cause (a price, rate, quantity, etc.) to decrease; to reduce the amount or value of (something). Cf. to drive up.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > reduce in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (transitive)]
littleeOE
anitherOE
wanzelOE
lessc1225
slakea1300
littenc1300
aslakec1314
adminisha1325
allayc1330
settle1338
low1340
minisha1382
reprovea1382
abatea1398
rebatea1398
subtlea1398
alaskia1400
forlyten?a1400
imminish14..
lessenc1410
diminish1417
repress?a1425
assuagec1430
scarcec1440
small1440
underslakec1440
alessa1450
debate?c1450
batec1460
decreasec1470
appetisse1474
alow1494
mince1499
perswage?1504
remita1513
inless?1521
attenuate1530
weaken1530
defray1532
mitigate1532
minorate1534
narrow?1548
diminuec1550
extenuate1555
amain1578
exolve1578
base1581
dejecta1586
amoinder1588
faint1598
qualify1604
contract1605
to pull down1607
shrivel1609
to take down1610
disaugment1611
impoverish1611
shrink1628
decoct1629
persway1631
unflame1635
straiten1645
depress1647
reduce1649
detract1654
minuate1657
alloy1661
lower?1662
sinka1684
retreat1690
nip1785
to drive down1840
minify1866
to knock down1867
to damp down1869
scale1887
mute1891
clip1938
to roll back1942
to cut back1943
downscale1945
downrate1958
slim1963
downshift1972
1840 Globe (Washington, D.C.) 19 Aug. The speculators..have taken advantage of the state of things to create a panic, and drive down the stock nearly four per cent.
1921 Drug & Chem. Markets 7 Sept. 444/2 Other goods have been permitted to flood in here and have been the main factor in driving prices down.
1993 J. Carper Food—Your Miracle Med. (1994) 47 Eat oats to drive down cholesterol.
2019 Guardian (Nexis) 24 Nov. These rents should include the cost of..energy and water charges, to drive down the cost of living for tenants.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > spending time > spend time or allow time to pass [verb (transitive)]
overdoOE
adreeOE
wreaka1300
to draw forthc1300
dispend1340
pass1340
drivea1375
wastec1381
occupyc1384
overpassa1387
to pass over ——a1393
usec1400
spend1423
contrive?a1475
overdrive1487
consumea1500
to pass forth1509
to drive off1517
lead1523
to ride out1529
to wear out, forth1530
to pass away?1550
to put offc1550
shiftc1562
to tire out1563
wear1567
to drive out1570
entertainc1570
expire1589
tire1589
outwear1590
to see out1590
outrun1592
outgo1595
overshoot1597
to pass out1603
fleeta1616
elapse1654
term1654
trickle1657
to put over1679
absorb1686
spin1696
exercise1711
kill1728
to get through ——1748
to get over ——1751
tickc1870
fill1875
1517 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1928) xvi. 66 Dryue of no lenger, but tell me your mynde.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 529/2 I drive of a thynge, I dyffar it, je differre.
a1591 H. Smith Serm. (1593) 1016 The bad Lawyer driues off his Client from terme to terme, till the suite be lost.
a1656 Bp. J. Hall Shaking of Olive-tree (1660) ii. 121 Too long have we driven off the applying of our redress.
1695 tr. Duc de Richelieu Compleat Statesman ii. iv. 13 It is a common thing among weak Men to drive off time, and to chuse the preserving of their Ease for a Month rather than to deprive themselves of it for a while.
2. † a. intransitive. Of a ship or its crew: to be carried away by the wind, waves, etc. Obsolete.Cf. main sense 9b.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (intransitive)] > make progress > drift
to drive with the weather1526
to drive off1617
drift1762
1617 T. Spurway in S. Purchas Pilgrimes (1625) I. v. iii. 612 The same night..either they let the Ship driue, or cut the Cables, and so droue off in the night.
1744 J. Philips Authentic Jrnl. Exped. Anson 192 The Prize drove off from her Moorings.
1853 Morning Chron. 21 Sept. 3/1 A sea struck the ship, and carried her into a reef...The ship drove off immediately afterwards, but not without tearing away her rudder.
b. intransitive. To go away or depart in a car or other vehicle. Also of a vehicle: to move away from a place, under the control of a driver.
ΚΠ
1801 ‘Gabrielli’ Mysterious Husband II. 200 The attending servant having smacked to the door, they drove off in a moment.
1814 J. Austen Mansfield Park I. viii. 166 The carriage drove off amid the good wishes of the two remaining ladies.
1988 E. White Beautiful Room is Empty (1989) x. 198 Once the van had driven off, the cops pushed us slowly back from the bar entrance.
2005 Independent 1 Feb. (Motoring section) 2/1 More than a third of British drivers admit to pranging another car, then driving off, according to a new survey.
3. transitive. To cause (a volatile component) to leave a substance as vapour, by heating.
ΚΠ
1677 E. Browne Acct. Trav. Germany 135 Their..driving Furnace, where the Litharge is driven off.
1805 W. Saunders Treat. Mineral Waters (ed. 2) 38 Boiling..drives off the excess of carbonic acid, and thus causes the chalk to be precipitated.
1874 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. I. 423/1 Copper and other ores are calcined, to drive off the sulphur.
1938 R. Hum Chem. for Engin. Students xvi. 388 Boiling with lime in water is therefore employed to drive off the ammonia.
2008 P. Abrahams Beneath Surface 64/2 Slaked lime is developed by extracting limestone from a quarry, roasting it in a kiln to drive off the water and then ‘slaking’ it in water.
4. intransitive. Golf. To hit the ball from the tee.Cf. main sense 8c.
ΚΠ
1873 Bell's Life in London 13 Dec. 9/1 After lunch the second round was commenced. Mr Gosset and Capt Molesworth both drove off well.
1913 Youth's Compan. 25 Sept. 504/2 ‘You drive off from here, sir,’ said the caddie, pointing to the tee, ‘and you've got to put the ball in that little hole with the red flag flying above it.’
2020 Sun (Nexis) 12 Nov. The two tee start saw 1988 champion Sandy Lyle hit the first shot on No 10, while Lucas Glover of Australia drove off on the first.
1. intransitive. Of time: to pass by; to elapse.Cf. main sense 32b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > [verb (intransitive)]
overgoeOE
agoeOE
goOE
forthgoOE
runOE
overdrivea1275
farea1325
overmetea1325
walka1325
passc1330
slidec1374
yern1377
to pass overa1382
wastec1385
waive1390
to pass awaya1400
overseyc1400
drive?c1450
to drive ona1470
slevea1510
to roll awaya1522
to roll overa1522
to wear out, forth1525
flit1574
to pass on1574
to run on1578
overhie1582
wear1597
overslip1607
spend1607
travel1609
to go bya1616
elapsea1644
to come round1650
efflux1660
to roll round1684
lapse1702
roll1731
to roll around1769
to roll by1790
transpire1824
to come around1829
tide1835
elabe1837
tick1937
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 22 Than the kynge lette purvey for a grete feste... And so the tyme drove on, and all thynges redy ipurveyed.
1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge vi. 155 Two times may as well drive on by each others side, and not be one, as two everlastingnesses.
1890 J. H. McCarthy French Revol. (1904) I. xliii. 614 The hours were driving on; evening was beginning to fall.
1902 W. Carnie Reporting Reminisc. I. 277 Several..were excellent vocalists and reciters, and thus genially the hours drove on.
2017 Daily Times (Pryor, Oklahoma) (Nexis) 13 Mar. Time drove on and in 2008 Schaffitzel found himself searching for a track nearby to introduce his son to the sport.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > carry on vigorously [verb (transitive)] > press forward or urge vigorously
press1489
push1561
to drive on1642
1642 Humble Remonstrance in True & Orig. Copy First Petition That men mis-affected to the publique may not serve their own ends, or drive on their particular designs in this destructive accommodation.
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Wales 8 Trading was driven on either by the bartery or change of Wares..or else by money.
1711 J. Swift Conduct of Allies 29 We drove on the War at a prodigious Disadvantage.
1722 A. Ramsay Tale Three Bonnets iv. 36 Jouk and his..Wife Drive on a drunken, gaming Life.
1854 S. H. Elliot Parish-side xxx. 205 Robert continues to drive on his business in the city, and is making heavier contracts every day.
1. transitive. To remove (a person or thing), esp. forcibly or determinedly; to cast out; to expel; to eliminate.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > drive away
feezec890
adriveeOE
aflemeeOE
off-driveeOE
flemeOE
withdrivec1000
adreveOE
to drive outOE
biwevea1300
chasec1300
void13..
catcha1325
firk1340
enchasec1380
huntc1385
to catch awayc1390
forcatch1393
to put offa1398
to cast awaya1400
to put outc1400
repel?a1439
exterminate1541
chasten1548
propulse1548
keir1562
hie1563
depulse1570
band1580
bandy1591
flit1595
ferret1601
profugate1603
extermine1634
OE Royal Charter: William I to Archbishops, Bishops, & Others, supporting Rights of Abbot Baldwin in D. C. Douglas Feudal Documents Abbey Bury St. Edmunds (1932) 53 Se abbod Baldwine tealde þa his tala..hu Cnut Kincg draf ut þa preostas of þara ylcan cyrican.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 989 Gurmund draf out þe Brutuns.
1483 Mirk's Festial (Caxton) sig. pvv By prayer & by halowyng the deuyl is dryuen out.
1570 T. North tr. A. F. Doni Morall Philos. iv. f. 96v To driue out the suspition the Kinge hath taken in his heade, that he thinketh there hath bene some trechery vsed towards him.
1658 J. Rowland tr. T. Moffett Theater of Insects in Topsell's Hist. Four-footed Beasts (rev. ed.) ii. 1104 They stay also the Dyarrhœa..kill and drive out all Belly-worms.
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones III. viii. xiv. 286 All united, at last, to drive out that King.
1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt I. Introd. 10 An innovating farmer, who talked of Sir Humphrey Davy, had been fairly driven out by popular dislike.
1936 R. S. Glasgow Princ. Radio Engin. iii. 53 This treatment tends to drive out any moisture present in the cotton or silk insulation.
2010 Independent 15 Sept. 15/1 Global and national chain stores drove out local businesses.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > process of reasoning, ratiocination > process of inferring, inference > infer, conclude [verb (transitive)]
concludec1374
takec1400
to drive outc1443
drive1447
derive1509
reasona1527
deduce1529
include1529
infer1529
gather1535
deduct?1551
induce1563
pick1565
fetch1567
collect1581
decide1584
bring1605
to take up1662
c1443 R. Pecock Reule of Crysten Religioun (1927) 94 (MED) Þe chirche driviþ out and concludiþ forþ bi labour and avises in resoun þat þer was no bodily breed in cristis hondis.
a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 13 For Enos in oure langage soundith ‘a resonable man’; for he droue oute be reson þat God was his maker.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > spending time > spend time or allow time to pass [verb (transitive)]
overdoOE
adreeOE
wreaka1300
to draw forthc1300
dispend1340
pass1340
drivea1375
wastec1381
occupyc1384
overpassa1387
to pass over ——a1393
usec1400
spend1423
contrive?a1475
overdrive1487
consumea1500
to pass forth1509
to drive off1517
lead1523
to ride out1529
to wear out, forth1530
to pass away?1550
to put offc1550
shiftc1562
to tire out1563
wear1567
to drive out1570
entertainc1570
expire1589
tire1589
outwear1590
to see out1590
outrun1592
outgo1595
overshoot1597
to pass out1603
fleeta1616
elapse1654
term1654
trickle1657
to put over1679
absorb1686
spin1696
exercise1711
kill1728
to get through ——1748
to get over ——1751
tickc1870
fill1875
1570 T. Wilson tr. Demosthenes 3 Orations 79 At the least ye shall driue out the time with him, and winne somewhat by delayes.
1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 976 To driue out the time, vntill his soldiors..were all gathered together.
1670 J. Milton Hist. Brit. vi. 248 The unskillfull Leaders..did but drive out time, burd'ning and impoverishing the people.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > copiousness > express copiously [verb (transitive)] > extend or prolong
to draw out1542
to drive out1572
wire-draw1598
overspina1643
to spin out1673
1572 E. Cradock Shippe of Assured Safetie ii. 264 I haue driuen oute this parte of my discourse into a greater length, than otherwise I woulde haue gladly done.
1705 tr. W. Bosman New Descr. Coast of Guinea Pref. sig. A3v I have purposely affected Brevity, otherwise I could have drove out to a bulky Volume.
5. transitive. Printing. To make (type) occupy more space on the page; spec. to respace (type, a line, etc.) to cover a larger area, e.g. to accommodate a deletion. Also intransitive: (of a compositor) to respace type to cover a larger area; (of a line of type) to move forwards to the next line or page; (of metal type or printed letters) to become wider at one end.Cf. to get in 4 at get v. Phrasal verbs 1, to drive over at Phrasal verbs 1.
ΚΠ
1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. Dict. 392 A Fount of Letter that Rubs not high enough into the Neck is called Thick Letter; and consequently will Drive out Matter.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Printing Where an Omission is to be made... If it be but little, the Compositor takes it out, and drives out the Matter.
1770 P. Luckombe Conc. Hist. Printing 233 It [sc. the type] drives out, or gets in, either at the head, or the foot, and is, as Printers call it, Bottle-arsed.
1823 G. Crabb Universal Technol. Dict. (at cited word) A compositor is said to drive out when he sets wide; the matter in the chace is said to drive out when, by the addition of fresh matter, it is obliged to be moved forwards into the next page.
1967 C. Dair Design with Type (new ed.) v. 29 Where a word can be broken, it is certainly better to break it at the end of a line than to use excessive spacing to ‘drive out’ the line.
transitive. Printing. To move (a word or line) forwards to the next line or page. Obsolete.Cf. to drive out 5 at Phrasal verbs 1.
ΚΠ
1877 H. H. Furness in W. Shakespeare Hamlet (New Variorum ed.) 33 The addition of ‘might’ in Q3 ‘drove over’ a word in each succeeding line of the speech.
1898 F. H. Teall Proof-reading (1899) ii. 14 If the two missing letters had been inserted the word ‘the’ might have been driven over into the next line.
1904 T. L. De Vinne Pract. Typogr.: Mod. Methods Bk. Composition vii. 268 If a foregoing chapter ends a few lines above the foot of the page, it will be necessary to make more lines in previous pages by overrunning, wider spacing, and driving over the last lines of paragraphs.
transitive. To bring (something) to completion; to effect; to bring about; spec. to contract (a marriage).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > carry on vigorously [verb (transitive)]
driveOE
to drive through1523
push1561
urge1565
to fall aboard1642
whack1719
beef1860
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. f. ccliii/2 The mariage..was driuen through and agreed.
1683 East-India Trade Highly Advantageous (single sheet) /2 United Powers under good Conduct and Resolution may Attempt any thing, drive through any Design, and seldom fail in Success.
1878 Cultivator & Country Gentleman 3 Jan. 14/4 This gentleman has capital sufficient to drive the business through.
1915 Rep. Supreme Court Missouri 260 27 One of them [sc. his daughters]..was facing inevitable and known death from consumption at the time this hard and unfatherly settlement was driven through.
2012 N. Riches Music Managem. Bible (new e-book ed.) The manager will..drive the deal through with minimal or even no involvement on the part of any outside lawyer.
transitive. To suppress or conceal (a piece of information).
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > crush, stifle, or overwhelm (feelings, etc.)
shendOE
whelvec1000
allayOE
ofdrunkenc1175
quenchc1175
quashc1275
stanchc1315
quella1325
slockena1340
drenchc1374
vanquishc1380
stuffa1387
daunt?a1400
adauntc1400
to put downa1425
overwhelmc1425
overwhelvec1450
quatc1450
slockc1485
suppressa1500
suffocate1526
quealc1530
to trample under foot1530
repress1532
quail1533
suppress1537
infringe1543
revocate1547
whelm1553
queasom1561
knetcha1564
squench1577
restinguish1579
to keep down1581
trample1583
repel1592
accable1602
crush1610
to wrestle down?1611
chokea1616
stranglea1616
stifle1621
smother1632
overpower1646
resuppress1654
strangulate1665
instranglea1670
to choke back, down, in, out1690
to nip or crush in the bud1746
spiflicate1749
squasha1777
to get under1799
burke1835
to stamp out1851
to trample down1853
quelch1864
to sit upon ——1864
squelch1864
smash1865
garrotte1878
scotch1888
douse1916
to drive under1920
stomp1936
stultify1958
1920 R. Macaulay Potterism v. 180 I hadn't known, until that moment, because I had driven it under, how large a part of my brain believed that Gideon had perhaps done this thing.
2019 @TesaRock 17 Dec. in twitter.com (accessed 5 Jan. 2021) Any given day in any town USA! The sad, pathetic truth driven under by Un-American political hacks that don't give AF about our country!
transitive. To cause (a price, rate, quantity, etc.) to increase; to increase the amount or value of (something) Cf. to drive down.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [verb (transitive)]
echeOE
ekec1200
multiplya1275
morea1300
increase13..
vaunce1303
enlargec1380
augmenta1400
accrease1402
alargea1425
amply?a1425
great?1440
hainc1440
creasec1475
grow1481
amplea1500
to get upa1500
improve1509
ampliatea1513
auge1542
over1546
amplify1549
raise1583
grand1602
swell1602
magnoperate1610
greaten1613
accresce1626
aggrandize1638
majoratea1651
adauge1657
protend1659
reinforce1660
examplify1677
pluralize1750
to drive up1817
to whoop up1856
to jack up1884
upbuild1890
steepen1909
up1934
1817 Columbian Museum & Savannah (Georgia) Daily Gaz. 26 Nov. Brandy..was driven up to unprecedented prices by speculation.
1905 Techn. World Jan. 560/1 The increased demand for oil as a fuel is now slowly driving prices up.
1993 J. Carper Food—Your Miracle Med. (1994) 46 A cup of beans a day also drives up good HDLs..after a year or two.
2021 Times (Nexis) 19 Feb. 33 Lawmakers were investigating market volatility last month that drove up stocks including GameStop,..shares of which surged by up to 3,000 per cent.
PV2. With prepositions in specialized senses. to drive at —— † 1. intransitive. To have (something) as a goal or objective; to aim towards or target (a particular goal). Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1559 W. Bavand tr. J. Ferrarius Common Weale i. iii. f. 9v Man therefore, naturally beyng commonable..driueth at the societie and communitie of life.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica i. ix. 37 Driving at these as at the highest elegancies, which are but the frigidities of wit.
1670 G. Havers tr. G. Leti Il Cardinalismo di Santa Chiesa ii. iii. 182 He..is driving at the Popedom.
1788 J. Madison Let. 10 Jan. in Writings (1904) V. 80 You are better acquainted with Mr. Henry's politics than I can be, but I have for some time considered him as driving at a Southern Confederacy.
1859 Sat. Rev. 5 Mar. 271/2 That end which all religions and governments and philosophies..have been in vain driving at for these weary six thousand years.
2. intransitive. To aim or direct one's comments, criticisms, etc., at (a person or thing). Later (in direct or indirect questions with what as subject or object): to have (a particular thing) as the meaning or purpose of one's speech or writings.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > intend [verb (transitive)]
willeOE
meaneOE
minteOE
i-muntec1000
thinkOE
ettlea1200
intenta1300
meanc1330
forn-castc1374
intendc1374
ettlea1400
drive1425
proposec1425
purpose1433
attend1455
suppose1474
pretend1477
mindc1478
minda1513
pretence1565
appurpose1569
to drive at ——1574
thought to1578
hight1579
pretent1587
fore-intend1622
pre-intend1647
design1655
study1663
contemplate1794
purport1803
1574 J. Whitgift Def. Aunswere to Admon. 51 Whylest with suche proude wordes you seeke to dryue at me, you doe but condemne your selfe of follye.
1624 R. Montagu Gagg for New Gospell? To Rdr. Hee driued directly at the Church of England.
a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 121 The Presbyterians saw what was driven at, and how their words would be understood.
1764 S. Foote Lyar ii. 30 What can he be driving at now!
1865 M. Arnold Ess. Crit. viii. 262 Mankind at large..will not even listen to a word about these propositions, unless it first learns what their author was driving at.
1946 C. Bush Case Second Chance (1948) i. 28 ‘I still don't see what you're driving at,’ George told me impatiently.
2005 M. Lockwood Labyrinth of Time (2007) ix. 219 That this is what Wittgenstein is driving at in his talk of ‘logical space’ is unfortunately obscured.
Compounds
drive boat n.
Brit. /ˈdrʌɪv bəʊt/
, /ˈdrʌɪv bəʊt/U.S. /ˈdraɪv ˌboʊt/
U.S. (now historical and rare) a small rowing boat used in menhaden fishing to drive the fish into a net towed by a larger boat./ˈdraɪv ˌboʊt/ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessels propelled by oars or poles > [noun] > rowing boat > other types of rowing boat
coblec950
row barge1466
bark1477
rowing barge1548
galley1570
caïque1625
catur1653
dory1726
skiff1793
dinghy1810
panga1811
dinghy1818
randan1838
dragon boat1846
guinea-boat1867
drive boat1879
pea pod1884
in-rigger1893
pointer1901
sandolo1928
1879 G. B. Goode Hist. Menhaden in Rep. Commissioner 1877 (U.S. Comm. Fish & Fisheries) V. App. A. 120 Each steamer..is supplied with..two small boats,—‘drive boats’,—which are rowed by the men who drive the fish into the seine.
1950 Sunday Star (Washington, D.C.) 15 Oct. 12/3 As soon as the school is sighted, the crewman descends, gets into a dory called a ‘drive boat’ and is lowered away.
drive chain n. a chain in the form of a closed loop, with links that engage with toothed wheels in order to transmit power from one shaft or sprocket wheel to another in a motorcycle, bicycle, engine, or other machine; cf. chain drive n. at chain n. Compounds 3.
ΚΠ
1874 Rural Carolinian Feb. 261 The pulleys, drive chain, bevel gear and shaft, vertical rods and knives have been taken off.
1942 Mobile Pugmill Mixing Plant Barber-Greene Co.: Techn. Man. No. TM5-1280 (U.S. War Dept.) 246 The main drive chain is kept at proper adjustment by the main drive pivot idler.
1996 Cycle Touring & Campaigning Apr. 45/4 The long final drive chain lets you use all of the gears, but its slack side will need a support pulley somewhere near the rear bottom-bracket.
2018 Cape Argus (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 6 Aug. 9 The motorcycle world still favours the drive chain in spite of BMW's shaft drive and the Harley-Davidson belt drive system.
drive pipe n.
Brit. /ˈdrʌɪv pʌɪp/
, /ˈdrʌɪv pʌɪp/U.S. /ˈdraɪv ˌpaɪp/
a pipe conveying water for driving a hydraulic ram or other apparatus./ˈdraɪv ˌpaɪp/ΚΠ
1851 W. Fields U.S. Patent 7,918 1/1 The hinge-valve C opening upwardly and inwardly, at or near the upper end of the inclined-plane or drive-pipe C, D, of the hydraulic-ram.
1954 R. H. Cochrane Farm Machinery & Tractors (ed. 2) 95 Water flows from the source of supply down a drive pipe and through a pulse valve.
2008 A. M. Michael et al. Water Wells & Pumps xiii. 607 Longer drive pipes do not increase the efficiency of the ram substantially, but permit the pump to operate at less strokes per minute.
drive screw n.
Brit. /ˈdrʌɪv skruː/
, /ˈdrʌɪv skruː/U.S. /ˈdraɪv ˌskru/
a screw which is driven into position using a hammer or similar tool./ˈdraɪv ˌskru/ΚΠ
1871 D. F. Fetter U.S. Patent 110,839 1/1 This drive-screw is so constructed that it can be driven into wood like a nail or spike, but is capable of being removed therefrom only by rotation on its axis.
1948 A. Dunham Working with Plastics ii. 58/1 (caption) A hole of correct diameter and depth is drilled, and the drivescrew is driven in place with a hammer.
2007 J. G. Bralla Handbk. Manuf. Processes i. vii. 323/1 Threaded fasteners (screws, bolts, nuts, machine screws, cap screws, set screws, and drive screws) are probably the most common type of fasteners.
drive system n. the components of a mechanical device that bring about the movement of a part or the whole of the device.
ΚΠ
1907 Engineer (Chicago) 1 June 548/3 No hard and fast rule can be laid down as to the better availability of either drive system.
1972 Jrnl. Brit. Astron. Assoc. 82 ii. (advt.) A unique feature of our mountings is that a friction clutch is fitted to protect the drive and to allow coarse movements of the telescope to any part of the sky without having to disengage the drive system.
2021 Aiken Standard (South Carolina) (Nexis) 24 Jan. There is a drive system..where each wheel on a robot is independently steered so that they can turn 360 degrees, and that basically allows your robot to drift sideways and spin at the same time.
drive wheel n.
Brit. /ˈdrʌɪv wiːl/
, /ˈdrʌɪv wiːl/U.S. /ˈdraɪv ˌ(h)wil/
a driving wheel, esp. of a railway locomotive (see driving wheel n. 2a)./ˈdraɪv ˌ(h)wil/ΚΠ
1856 R. Hunt U.S. Patent 14,547 1/2 This horse or drive wheel is forty feet in diameter with twelve arms twenty feet long.
1887 C. B. George 40 Years on Rail ii. 28 The drive-wheels will slip.
1948 N. Cassady Let. 4 Aug. (2005) 95 Often, as I sit on the sand-box of the huge locomotives, I am lulled into a stupor by the drive-wheels' rhythm.
1996 Independent 23 Aug. (24seven Suppl.) 2/3 The wonderful Windcheetah, a recumbent with two wheels at the front and a drive wheel behind.
2014 MailOnline (Nexis) 5 May They are essentially two engines under one boiler, with two sets of eight drive wheels, each set powered by two enormous cylinders.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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n.1662v.eOE- crystal field
- crystal field theory
- crystal gazer
- crystal glass
- crystal globe
- crystal habit
- crystal healing
- crystal lattice
- crystal meth
- crystal methamphetamine
- crystal microphone
- crystal mine
- crystal of the mountain
- crystal oscillator
- crystal palace
- crystal physics
- crystal pulling
- crystal radio
- crystal radio receiver
- crystal radio set
- crystal receiver
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- crystal seer
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