drivenadj.

Brit.

/ˈdrɪvn/, U.S.

/ˈdrɪv(ə)n/

Forms: see drive v. (Forms 3aα. and 3aγ. ).

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: English driven , drive v.

Etymology: < driven, past participle of drive v.The composition date of quot. a1225 at sense 1 (mid 10th cent.) probably implies earlier currency of the word. With later use in sense 4b compare Old English undrifen , used of a ship, probably in the sense ‘not driven ashore’ or perhaps ‘not pursued’ (see undriven adj.).

†1. Of a furrow: ploughed. Cf. drive v. 6b. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > breaking up land > ploughing > [adjective] > ploughed

drivena1225

eareda1300

ploughed-up1639

the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > land suitable for cultivation > [adjective] > broken > arable > ploughed

drivena1225

eareda1300

fallow1530

ploughed1535

rift1635

subsoiled1840

bouted1864

tilthed1866

a1225 ( Bounds (Sawyer 564) in S. E. Kelly Charters of Abingdon Abbey, Pt. 1 (2000) 203 Andlang weges to þære gedrifonan fyrh, andlang fyrh oþ hit cymð on þæt wide geat.

a. Of snow: piled into drifts or carried along by the wind. Chiefly in as pure (also white) as (the) driven snow and variants: (with reference to colour) of an unblemished or unmarked white; (in later use chiefly figurative) morally pure; having an untarnished reputation; cf. whiter than white at white adj. and n. Phrases 5, and expressions at white adj. and n. Phrases 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > snow > [adjective] > driving or driven

drivingc1325

drivenc1330

driftya1732

stouring1891

the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > [adjective] > pure white > as snow

snow-whitec1000

as pure (also white) as (the) driven snowc1330

snowishc1374

snowy1590

nixious1623

snow-like1663

snow1750

society > morality > virtue > purity > [adjective] > very pure

as pure (also white) as (the) driven snow1763

pearly1770

c1330 (?a1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) p. 416 Wiþ..berd..As white as ani driuen snowe.

c1425 Castle of Love (Egerton) (1967) l. 382 Als whit as any dryuen snawe.

1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 29 The fish Scolopidus..at the waxinge of the Moone is as white as the driuen snow.

1668 H. More Divine Dialogues (1713) iii. xxviii. 251 Thin Paper..but as strong as any Vellum, and as white as driven Snow.

1763 D. Hume Let. 1 Sept. (1932) I. 393 I was now a Person clean & white as the driven Snow, and..were I to be proposd for the See of Lambeth, no Objections could henceforth be made to me.

1791 R. Townley Jrnl. kept Isle of Man II. 149 My windows were so thoroughly encrusted by the driven snow, that..it was with much difficulty I could see, either to write or read.

1894 Pick-me-up 15 Dec. 165/1 Her complexion will be as pure as the driven snow.

1980 United Press Internat. Newswire (Nexis) 19 Oct. Temperature -45 C (-49 F), wind speed 36 knots, driven snow and zero cloud cover.

2011 Private Eye 27 May 5/2 Secretive commodities company Glencore, which has just floated on the stock market with a value of £37bn, may not be as pure as the driven snow.

†b. Of feathers or down: subjected to a process in which a current of air is used to separate the lighter and softer feathers from the heavier and coarser. Also with preceding modifying adverb, as in thrice driven, new driven. Cf. drive v. 8b. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) i. iii. 230 My thrice driuen bed of downe.

a1670 J. Hacket Scrinia Reserata (1693) i. 39 A Bed is an easie Repose, but it is not wholsom to lie upon a new Tick, and new-driven Feathers.

1817 W. Scott Harold i. xix. 34 More than to rest on driven down.

3. Of a stake, nail, peg, etc.: pushed forcefully into a solid object or material, esp. by means of striking or hammering.

ΚΠ

1549 W. Thomas Vanitee of World sig. A ii ^v As the diuine Plato well reherseth, saieyng, Pleasure lyke a driuen nayle fasteneth the soule to the bodie, and ioygneth it so harde together, that it maketh it become corporall.

1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 437 The farmer's hedge Plash'd neatly, and secured with driven stakes Deep in the loamy bank.

1892 Trans. Amer. Soc. Civil Engineers 27 210 The effective diameter of the driven rivets in reamed holes will be assumed ¹/ ₁₆th of an inch larger than its diameter before driving.

1907 R. W. Service Songs of Sourdough 56 Talk of your cold! through the parka's fold it stabbed like a driven nail.

1999 Capital (Annapolis, Maryland) (Nexis) 27 Nov. d1 You'll be able to set grade pegs, small driven stakes of wood or metal the tops of which will be set at the desired level of the top of the concrete as a guide for finishing while pouring.

4. Moved forwards or onwards.

a. As the second element in compounds.

(a) Powered or propelled by the thing specified.See also belt-driven adj., motor-driven adj., pump-driven adj., rocket-driven adj., water-driven adj., etc.

ΚΠ

1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall ii. f. 149 Falmouth lyeth farther out in the trade way, and so offreth a sooner oportunity to wind-driuen shipping, then Plymmouth.

1771 J. Williams Jrnl. 28 May in B. Franklin Papers (1974) XVIII. 114 Stopped to visit a marble mill; Williams was much interested in the water-driven saws and polishers.

1878 A. H. Green et al. Coal: Hist. & Uses ix. 293 The growth of our coal-driven industries and the liberation of labour.

1909 N.Y. Times 24 Jan. iv. 4/5 Lavish finish in bodywork a characteristic of battery driven vehicles.

1933 A. W. Barton Text Bk. Heat vii. 157 The commonest type [of hygrometer] is the Assmann psychrometer, in which this is done by clockwork-driven fans.

2003 Scotl. Mag. Jan. 82/3 Watt also pioneered the conversion of vertical piston movement into rotary motion, allowing machines such as looms to be engine-driven.

(b) figurative. Compelled or led by, focused on, or characterized by the thing specified.See also fear-driven adj., hunger-driven adj., panic-driven adj., results-driven adj., theory-driven adj., etc.

ΚΠ

1615 J. Sylvester tr. Hymne St. Lewis 25 in 2nd Session Parl. Vertues Reall In raggs, and hunger-driuen.

1857 C. Mackay King's Son in Legends of Isles 99 I have wrong'd thine aged head, I have mock'd thy hoary hair, Impulse-driven and passion-led.

1926 Proc. National Educ. Assoc. 64 608 The teaching of a habit-building, interest-driven, conduct is one of the chief objectives of physical education.

1970 Times 5 June 11/4 The dynamism of a modern economy depends on the performance of thousands of profit-driven businesses.

2018 Nat. Rev. 16 Apr. 25/1 She often has engaged in the news-driven debates about violence and firearms.

b. Of a substance, animals, etc.: caused to move rapidly onwards; impelled; propelled. Sometimes: operated or propelled by a source of power; powered.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impelling or driving > [adjective] > impelled

driven1616

impelled1686

1616 H. Ainsworth Annot. First Bk. Moses, called Genesis (xiv. 16) sig. L3^v/2 Thus God gave the nations before Abram, and made him rule ever Kings: gave them as dust to his sword, as driven stubble to his bow, Esai. 41.2.

1771 R. Colvill Caledonian Heroine ii. 25 The vulgar rout like driven deer, Rush to the shore, their ships to gain.

1801 R. Southey Thalaba II. ix. 186 The driven air before her fanned the face Of Thalaba.

1892 Engin. Mech. Sept. 232/1 The cable, whenever possible, is made in one endless length from the driving to the driven pulley.

1946 S. Cloete Afr. Portraits 359 His force of mounted burghers were dependent on grass to feed..the driven cattle which they used for food.

2019 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 23 Nov. (Drive section) 2 Front-wheel drive is standard, but you can opt for four driven wheels.

a. Of a person: compelled to accomplish a goal by difficult circumstances, ambition, etc. In later use: esp. determined to succeed; energetic and motivated. Sometimes with negative connotations: excessively hard-working.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > motivation > [adjective] > motivated

motived1780

driven1797

driving1835

motivated1922

society > occupation and work > working > [adjective] > working > working (too) hard

swinking?c1225

hard-working1682

driven1797

grinded1833

slave-driven1933

1797 R. Toup Let. 28 Jan. in R. King Life & Corr. (1895) II. 136 Not a man amongst us that is in business but what is extremely driven for money.

1893 A. W. Besant Autobiogr. v. 105 At night the unhappy, driven man, the fever-stricken wife, the fever-stricken child, the dead child, all lay in the one bed.

1978 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 25 Feb. I'm still a happy man but I'm also very driven—a total workaholic.

2018 Australian (Nexis) 17 Aug. 10 A highly driven woman whose attention to detail, resilience and leadership ability helped land the role as head of one of the biggest foreign investors in Australia.

b. Characterized by great effort, urgency, or a determination to succeed. Often with negative connotations.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [adjective]

hardOE

strenuous1671

rough1717

arduous1753

stiff1862

effortful1900

driven1967

the mind > will > decision > resolution or determination > [adjective] > of actions, etc.

doughtyOE

resolute?1560

resolved1561

determineda1616

seta1640

concerted1844

kragdadig1952

driven1967

1967 Aiken (S. Carolina) Standard & Rev. 24 Apr. 4/4 I have more sympathy than many about his driven desire to take command.

1984 Associated Press (Nexis) 21 Aug. You'd be surprised how many vacations are routed around the Family Genealogist's driven need to trace great-grandad's wanderings.

1989 A. Davies Getting Hurt x. 139 He seems to have had an obsessive, driven urge to make other people love him.

2011 Vanity Fair Jan. 90/1 The smile suggests contentment—a contentment distant from the driven, fanatical years he spent marketing himself..in a small midwestern town.

Compounds

driven well n. U.S. a type of well consisting of a tube or pipe fitted with a well point (well point n.) which is driven into an underground aquifer, water being lifted to the surface by means of a pump; = tube-well n. at tube n. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > conveyor > [noun] > conduit, channel, or tube > pipe > pipe operating by suction

sucking-pipe1699

sucker1838

driven well1868

tube-well1877

1868 Winona (Minnesota) Daily Republican 12 Dec. (advt.) Tubular or Driven Wells, put down on short notice in this city and vicinity, in winter or Summer.

1923 M. Watts Luther Nichols 5 There was..a driven well which went dry in periods of prolonged drought.

2013 K. N. Brooks et al. Hydrol. & Managem. of Watersheds (ed. 4) i. 182 Pipes are pushed into shallow gravel and sand aquifers usually less than 20 m below the surface in developing driven wells.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	driven
释义	drivenadj. Brit. /ˈdrɪvn/, U.S. /ˈdrɪv(ə)n/ Forms: see drive v. (Forms 3aα. and 3aγ. ). Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: English driven , drive v. Etymology: < driven, past participle of drive v.The composition date of quot. a1225 at sense 1 (mid 10th cent.) probably implies earlier currency of the word. With later use in sense 4b compare Old English undrifen , used of a ship, probably in the sense ‘not driven ashore’ or perhaps ‘not pursued’ (see undriven adj.). †1. Of a furrow: ploughed. Cf. drive v. 6b. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > breaking up land > ploughing > [adjective] > ploughed drivena1225 eareda1300 ploughed-up1639 the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > land suitable for cultivation > [adjective] > broken > arable > ploughed drivena1225 eareda1300 fallow1530 ploughed1535 rift1635 subsoiled1840 bouted1864 tilthed1866 a1225 ( Bounds (Sawyer 564) in S. E. Kelly Charters of Abingdon Abbey, Pt. 1 (2000) 203 Andlang weges to þære gedrifonan fyrh, andlang fyrh oþ hit cymð on þæt wide geat. 2. a. Of snow: piled into drifts or carried along by the wind. Chiefly in as pure (also white) as (the) driven snow and variants: (with reference to colour) of an unblemished or unmarked white; (in later use chiefly figurative) morally pure; having an untarnished reputation; cf. whiter than white at white adj. and n. Phrases 5, and expressions at white adj. and n. Phrases 1. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > snow > [adjective] > driving or driven drivingc1325 drivenc1330 driftya1732 stouring1891 the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > [adjective] > pure white > as snow snow-whitec1000 as pure (also white) as (the) driven snowc1330 snowishc1374 snowy1590 nixious1623 snow-like1663 snow1750 society > morality > virtue > purity > [adjective] > very pure as pure (also white) as (the) driven snow1763 pearly1770 c1330 (?a1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) p. 416 Wiþ..berd..As white as ani driuen snowe. c1425 Castle of Love (Egerton) (1967) l. 382 Als whit as any dryuen snawe. 1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 29 The fish Scolopidus..at the waxinge of the Moone is as white as the driuen snow. 1668 H. More Divine Dialogues (1713) iii. xxviii. 251 Thin Paper..but as strong as any Vellum, and as white as driven Snow. 1763 D. Hume Let. 1 Sept. (1932) I. 393 I was now a Person clean & white as the driven Snow, and..were I to be proposd for the See of Lambeth, no Objections could henceforth be made to me. 1791 R. Townley Jrnl. kept Isle of Man II. 149 My windows were so thoroughly encrusted by the driven snow, that..it was with much difficulty I could see, either to write or read. 1894 Pick-me-up 15 Dec. 165/1 Her complexion will be as pure as the driven snow. 1980 United Press Internat. Newswire (Nexis) 19 Oct. Temperature -45 C (-49 F), wind speed 36 knots, driven snow and zero cloud cover. 2011 Private Eye 27 May 5/2 Secretive commodities company Glencore, which has just floated on the stock market with a value of £37bn, may not be as pure as the driven snow. †b. Of feathers or down: subjected to a process in which a current of air is used to separate the lighter and softer feathers from the heavier and coarser. Also with preceding modifying adverb, as in thrice driven, new driven. Cf. drive v. 8b. Obsolete. ΚΠ a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) i. iii. 230 My thrice driuen bed of downe. View more context for this quotation a1670 J. Hacket Scrinia Reserata (1693) i. 39 A Bed is an easie Repose, but it is not wholsom to lie upon a new Tick, and new-driven Feathers. 1817 W. Scott Harold i. xix. 34 More than to rest on driven down. 3. Of a stake, nail, peg, etc.: pushed forcefully into a solid object or material, esp. by means of striking or hammering. ΚΠ 1549 W. Thomas Vanitee of World sig. A ii ^v As the diuine Plato well reherseth, saieyng, Pleasure lyke a driuen nayle fasteneth the soule to the bodie, and ioygneth it so harde together, that it maketh it become corporall. 1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 437 The farmer's hedge Plash'd neatly, and secured with driven stakes Deep in the loamy bank. 1892 Trans. Amer. Soc. Civil Engineers 27 210 The effective diameter of the driven rivets in reamed holes will be assumed ¹/ ₁₆th of an inch larger than its diameter before driving. 1907 R. W. Service Songs of Sourdough 56 Talk of your cold! through the parka's fold it stabbed like a driven nail. 1999 Capital (Annapolis, Maryland) (Nexis) 27 Nov. d1 You'll be able to set grade pegs, small driven stakes of wood or metal the tops of which will be set at the desired level of the top of the concrete as a guide for finishing while pouring. 4. Moved forwards or onwards. a. As the second element in compounds. (a) Powered or propelled by the thing specified.See also belt-driven adj., motor-driven adj., pump-driven adj., rocket-driven adj., water-driven adj., etc. ΚΠ 1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall ii. f. 149 Falmouth lyeth farther out in the trade way, and so offreth a sooner oportunity to wind-driuen shipping, then Plymmouth. 1771 J. Williams Jrnl. 28 May in B. Franklin Papers (1974) XVIII. 114 Stopped to visit a marble mill; Williams was much interested in the water-driven saws and polishers. 1878 A. H. Green et al. Coal: Hist. & Uses ix. 293 The growth of our coal-driven industries and the liberation of labour. 1909 N.Y. Times 24 Jan. iv. 4/5 Lavish finish in bodywork a characteristic of battery driven vehicles. 1933 A. W. Barton Text Bk. Heat vii. 157 The commonest type [of hygrometer] is the Assmann psychrometer, in which this is done by clockwork-driven fans. 2003 Scotl. Mag. Jan. 82/3 Watt also pioneered the conversion of vertical piston movement into rotary motion, allowing machines such as looms to be engine-driven. (b) figurative. Compelled or led by, focused on, or characterized by the thing specified.See also fear-driven adj., hunger-driven adj., panic-driven adj., results-driven adj., theory-driven adj., etc. ΚΠ 1615 J. Sylvester tr. Hymne St. Lewis 25 in 2nd Session Parl. Vertues Reall In raggs, and hunger-driuen. 1857 C. Mackay King's Son in Legends of Isles 99 I have wrong'd thine aged head, I have mock'd thy hoary hair, Impulse-driven and passion-led. 1926 Proc. National Educ. Assoc. 64 608 The teaching of a habit-building, interest-driven, conduct is one of the chief objectives of physical education. 1970 Times 5 June 11/4 The dynamism of a modern economy depends on the performance of thousands of profit-driven businesses. 2018 Nat. Rev. 16 Apr. 25/1 She often has engaged in the news-driven debates about violence and firearms. b. Of a substance, animals, etc.: caused to move rapidly onwards; impelled; propelled. Sometimes: operated or propelled by a source of power; powered. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impelling or driving > [adjective] > impelled driven1616 impelled1686 1616 H. Ainsworth Annot. First Bk. Moses, called Genesis (xiv. 16) sig. L3^v/2 Thus God gave the nations before Abram, and made him rule ever Kings: gave them as dust to his sword, as driven stubble to his bow, Esai. 41.2. 1771 R. Colvill Caledonian Heroine ii. 25 The vulgar rout like driven deer, Rush to the shore, their ships to gain. 1801 R. Southey Thalaba II. ix. 186 The driven air before her fanned the face Of Thalaba. 1892 Engin. Mech. Sept. 232/1 The cable, whenever possible, is made in one endless length from the driving to the driven pulley. 1946 S. Cloete Afr. Portraits 359 His force of mounted burghers were dependent on grass to feed..the driven cattle which they used for food. 2019 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 23 Nov. (Drive section) 2 Front-wheel drive is standard, but you can opt for four driven wheels. 5. a. Of a person: compelled to accomplish a goal by difficult circumstances, ambition, etc. In later use: esp. determined to succeed; energetic and motivated. Sometimes with negative connotations: excessively hard-working. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > [adjective] > motivated motived1780 driven1797 driving1835 motivated1922 society > occupation and work > working > [adjective] > working > working (too) hard swinking?c1225 hard-working1682 driven1797 grinded1833 slave-driven1933 1797 R. Toup Let. 28 Jan. in R. King Life & Corr. (1895) II. 136 Not a man amongst us that is in business but what is extremely driven for money. 1893 A. W. Besant Autobiogr. v. 105 At night the unhappy, driven man, the fever-stricken wife, the fever-stricken child, the dead child, all lay in the one bed. 1978 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 25 Feb. I'm still a happy man but I'm also very driven—a total workaholic. 2018 Australian (Nexis) 17 Aug. 10 A highly driven woman whose attention to detail, resilience and leadership ability helped land the role as head of one of the biggest foreign investors in Australia. b. Characterized by great effort, urgency, or a determination to succeed. Often with negative connotations. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [adjective] hardOE strenuous1671 rough1717 arduous1753 stiff1862 effortful1900 driven1967 the mind > will > decision > resolution or determination > [adjective] > of actions, etc. doughtyOE resolute?1560 resolved1561 determineda1616 seta1640 concerted1844 kragdadig1952 driven1967 1967 Aiken (S. Carolina) Standard & Rev. 24 Apr. 4/4 I have more sympathy than many about his driven desire to take command. 1984 Associated Press (Nexis) 21 Aug. You'd be surprised how many vacations are routed around the Family Genealogist's driven need to trace great-grandad's wanderings. 1989 A. Davies Getting Hurt x. 139 He seems to have had an obsessive, driven urge to make other people love him. 2011 Vanity Fair Jan. 90/1 The smile suggests contentment—a contentment distant from the driven, fanatical years he spent marketing himself..in a small midwestern town. Compounds driven well n. U.S. a type of well consisting of a tube or pipe fitted with a well point (well point n.) which is driven into an underground aquifer, water being lifted to the surface by means of a pump; = tube-well n. at tube n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > conveyor > [noun] > conduit, channel, or tube > pipe > pipe operating by suction sucking-pipe1699 sucker1838 driven well1868 tube-well1877 1868 Winona (Minnesota) Daily Republican 12 Dec. (advt.) Tubular or Driven Wells, put down on short notice in this city and vicinity, in winter or Summer. 1923 M. Watts Luther Nichols 5 There was..a driven well which went dry in periods of prolonged drought. 2013 K. N. Brooks et al. Hydrol. & Managem. of Watersheds (ed. 4) i. 182 Pipes are pushed into shallow gravel and sand aquifers usually less than 20 m below the surface in developing driven wells. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.a1225
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