sanctuaryn.¹

/ˈsaŋktjuːəri/

Forms: Middle English–1500s saint-, saynt-, seint-, seyntuary(e, seyntuarie, seynt(e)warie, seyntwary(e, (Middle English seyntiwarie, Middle English sceyntewarye, seyntery); Middle English–1500s sentuary(e, sentuarie, sentwary, (1500s senttuary, centuary, sentory, centory, cent(e)ry), 1600s centerie, centurie; 1500s santuary; Middle English–1600s sainctuarie, sainctuary; Middle English–1600s sanctuarye, Middle English– sanctuary.

Etymology: < Old French sain(c)tuarie, sain(c)tuaire (whence the form saintuaire n.), modern French sanctuaire (= Provençal sanctuari , Catalan santuari , Spanish santuario , Portuguese santuario , Italian santuario ), semi-pop. < Latin sanctuārium , apparently irregularly < sanctus holy (? on the analogy of sacrarium n.¹). The present form of the word, which is due to recourse to the original Latin, occurs almost as early as the forms taken from Old French.The Latin word is post-Augustan; in classical Latin (Pliny) it occurs only in the sense of ‘the private cabinet of a prince’ (Lewis & Short); the sense of ‘holy place’ is common in the Vulgate and in Christian Latin generally.

I. A holy place.

a. gen. A building or place set apart for the worship of God or of one or more divinities: applied, e.g., to a Christian church, the Jewish temple and the Mosaic tabernacle, a heathen temple or site of local worship, and the like; also figurative to the church or body of believers.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > [noun]

holinessc897

houseeOE

halidomc1000

ZionOE

God's houseOE

wike-tuna1250

saintuairea1300

sanctuarya1340

holy1382

entry?c1400

the Holy (Saint) Sepulchre (occasionally the Sepulchre)c1400

high placea1425

place of worship?1459

synagogue1490

God-box?1548

shrinea1577

bethela1617

prayer house1657

barn1689

bidental1692

altar1772

praying housea1843

a1340 R. Rolle Cant. Moses 21 in Psalter (1884) 507 Þi sanctuary lord þe whilk þi hend festynd; lord sall regne wiþouten end and ouyre. In þat sanctuary oure lord sall be kynge, þat is in all sauyd men, wiþouten end.

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Exod. xxv. 8 And thei shulen make to me a seyntuarye, and Y shal dwelle in the myddil of hem.

1508 J. Fisher Treat. Penyt. Psalmes sig. ss.iiij^v Filij seruorum tuorum habitabunt. The children of thy seruauntes shal be permanent in thy sentuary.

1530 W. Tyndale Prol. Exod. Sanctuarie, a place halowed and dedicate vnto god.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Tobit xiii. 11 The people shal come vnto the from farre, they shal bringe giftes, and worshipe y^e Lorde in the, and thy londe shal they haue for a Sanctuary, for they shal call vpon the greate name in the.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) ii. ii. 176 Hauing waste ground enough, Shall we desire to raze the Sanctuary And pitch our euils there?

1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 1674 Chaunting thir Idol, and preferring Before our living Dread who dwells In Silo his bright Sanctuary .

a1729 J. Rogers 19 Serm. (1735) xvii. 371 Let it not be imagined, that they contribute nothing to the Happiness of the Countrey, who only serve God in the Duties of a holy Life; who attend his Sanctuary, and daily address his Goodness to pardon the Sins of the Land.

1830 W. M. Leake Trav. Morea II. 426 Strabo..describes the Epidaurian sanctuary as ‘a place renowned for the cure of all sorts of diseases’.

1863 H. B. Hackett in W. Smith Dict. Bible III. 1278/1 Shiloh was one of the earliest and most sacred of the Hebrew sanctuaries.

1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxiii. 3 When he near'd the leafy forest, dark sanctuary divine [L. loca Deæ].

1888 W. R. Smith in Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 165/2 A temple implies a sanctuary; but a sanctuary or holy spot does not necessarily contain a temple.

b. figurative. Used for: The priestly office or order.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > priest > [noun] > office of a priest

priesthoodOE

sanctuaryc1380

priestheada1400

priestdom1528

priestship1584

flamenship1600

sacerdotala1640

sacerdocya1706

long robe1762

sacerdoce1829

priestism1842

sacerdotalism1847

sacerdotium1931

c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. I. 25 In þis dede þat Crist dide, he techiþ his Chirche to bygynne for to purge his seintuarie, þat ben preests and clerks þerof.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1787) II. xx. 217 But the Christian sanctuary was open to every ambitious candidate, who aspired to its heavenly promises, or temporal possessions.

c. Applied to Heaven.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > heaven > [noun]

bliss971

heavenOE

paradiseOE

towera1240

seatc1275

heavenwarda1300

Abraham's bosomc1300

tabernaclea1340

wonea1350

sanctuary1382

pasturec1384

firmament1388

sky?1518

Canaan1548

welkin1559

happy land1562

sphere?1592

heavenwards1614

afterworld1615

patria1707

god-home1848

overworld1858

the invisible1868

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Deut. xxvi. 15 Bihold fro thi sanctuary, fro the hiȝe dwellynge place of heuens [L. de sanctuario tuo].

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms ci[i]. 19 For He loketh downe from his Sanctuary, out of the heauen doth the Lorde beholde the earth.

a1586 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalmes David (1823) xx. ii From santuary hy Let him come downe.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 672 Had not th' Almightie Father where he sits Shrin'd in his Sanctuarie of Heav'n secure, Consulting [etc.] .

d. transferred.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > place > [noun] > sacred

sanctuary1445

sanctum1577

holy of holies1641

Mecca1826

1445 tr. Claudian's De Consulatu Stilichonis in Anglia (1905) 28 261 Fides thyn herte enbracyth As hir propir sanctuary, and medelith with al thi deedys.

1584 G. Whetstone Mirour for Magestrates f. 23 The Dicing-houses and other lyke Sanctuaries of iniquitie.

1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 170 The famous isle of Iona was once the seat and sanctuary of western learning.

1821 Ld. Byron Two Foscari iv. i, in Sardanapalus 260 Sen[ator]. I sought not A place within the sanctuary; but being Chosen..I shall fulfil my office.

1831 D. Brewster Life I. Newton x. 120 Admiring disciples crowded to this sanctuary of the sciences [sc. Tycho Brahe's observatory of Uranibourg] to acquire the knowledge of the heavens.

1870 F. M. Müller Sci. Relig. (1873) 142 Entirely expelled from the sanctuary of the human mind.

e. to weigh (also examine) with the weights (or scales) of the sanctuary: to test by the standard of divine revelation. Also, to examine by an equal and just scale (see quot. 1728), after French peser une chose au poids du sanctuaire, dans la balance du sanctuaire (Littré).Suggested by Vulgate ad (or juxta) pondus sanctuarii, pondere sanctuarii Leviticus v. 15, Numbers vii. 13, 19, 25, 31, 37, xviii. 16. The force of the original Hebrew expression would be more accurately rendered by ‘according to the sacred shekel’.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > estimate [phrase] > by divine or just scale

to weigh (also examine) with the weights (or scales) of the sanctuary1617

the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > activities of God > [verb (transitive)] > judge

deraignc1330

judgec1350

visit1382

doomc1503

to weigh (also examine) with the weights (or scales) of the sanctuary1617

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 43 Setting humane experience aside, we will waigh this by the holy scales of the Sanctuarie.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) To examine a Thing by the Weight of the Sanctuary, is to examine it by a just and equal Scale.

2. A specially holy place within a temple or church.

a. In the Mosaic tabernacle and the Jewish temple: the holy place n., including the ‘Holy of holies’ (see holy n. 5); sometimes applied to the latter only. †sanctuary (or sanctuaries) of the sanctuary: a literal rendering of sanctuarium (-aria) sanctuarii, which is used in the Vulgate to represent the Hebrew for ‘Holy of holies’.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > holy of holies > [noun]

sanctuary1382

oraclec1450

sanctum sanctorumc1475

sanctum1577

adyt1584

penetral1589

adytum1611

holiest1611

holy of holies1641

sacrariuma1746

sanctuarium1796

sekos1820

garbhagriha1832

inner sanctum1861

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Exod. xxvi. 33 The veyle forsothe be it sett yn bi cercles, with ynne the whiche thou shalt put the arke of testymonye, and with the which the seyntuarye, and the seyntuarye [v.r. sayntuarise] of the seyntuarie [L. sanctuarii sanctuaria] shulen be dyuydid.

a1656 J. Ussher Power of Princes (1683) i. 66 To be put in Tables of Brass, and to be set up within the compass of the Sanctuary in a conspicuous place.

1737 W. Whiston tr. Josephus Antiq. Jews iii. vi, in tr. Josephus Genuine Wks. 77 A veil of linen..was to be drawn this way or that way by cords, whose rings..were subservient to the drawing and undrawing of the veil, and to the fastening it at the corner: that then it might be no hindrance to the view of the sanctuary: especially on solemn days.

b. Ecclesiastical. That part of a church round the altar, the sacrarium; also used by some for the chancel.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > chancel or sanctuary > [noun]

chancel1303

sacrarya1387

sanctuarya1400

presbytery1466

presbyterium1565

cancelli1642

bema1683

sacrarium1727

haikal1884

a1400–50 Alexander (Dublin) 1567 And of þe sanctuary [Ashm. MS. saynt-ware] mony seere þinges, With tabels & tapers & tretes of þe law.

1577 M. Hanmer tr. Bp. Eusebius in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. x. iv. 189 (note) A space betwene the Sanctuary & the porche.

1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 307 Sacrarium..the sanctuarie or chauncell.

1711 J. Bingham Origines Ecclesiasticæ III. viii. vi. 188 In the middle of the Bema or Sanctuary.

1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall V. xlix. 97 That all the images should be removed from the sanctuary and altar to a proper height in the churches.

1870 F. R. Wilson Archit. Surv. Churches Lindisfarne 35 The sanctuary is raised one step.

a1878 G. G. Scott Lect. Mediæval Archit. (1879) II. 40 The chancel, or rather the sanctuary, was apsidal, with a surrounding aisle.

1885 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold Catholic Dict. (ed. 3) Sanctuary, the part of the church round the high altar reserved for clergy.

c. The most sacred part of any temple; the ‘cella’, ‘adytum’.

ΚΠ

1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy ii. 3810 For þei cast no longer for to tarie, But prowdely entre in þe seintuarie, In-to þe chapel callid Cytheroun.

1513 Lydgate's Troye Bk. (Pynson) iv. xxx. S v b With many flawme and many hydous lyght That brent enuyrowne in the seyntuarye [1555 sentuarye].

1857 J. G. Wilkinson Egyptians 141 Within this sanctuary was the statue of the god, and the altar for sacrifice or for libation; and to it the priests alone had access.

1875 Encycl. Brit. II. 388/2 The sanctuary, adytum or σηκός (fig. 4), still contained the idol and its altar.

d. figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > privacy > [noun] > inward or hidden thoughts, etc.

the bird in one's (also the) bosom1548

bosom1600

underthought1602

recess1605

arrière-pensée1617

sanctuary1642

1642 D. Rogers Naaman Ep. Ded. sig. A2^v We are come now beyond the Porch and Sanctuary, even to the Holy of Holies.

1686 G. Hickes Speculum Beatæ Virginis 38 They pray to her..to admit them within the Sanctuary of her Audience.

1795 E. Burke Let. to W. Elliot in Wks. (1842) II. 244 But now the veil was torn, and, to keep off sacrilegious intrusion, it was necessary that in the sanctuary of government some~thing should be disclosed not only venerable, but dreadful.

1816 P. B. Shelley Alastor 4 And, though ne'er yet Thou hast unveil'd thy inmost sanctuary.

1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands I. 129 His writings..form only the portico to the temple of wisdom; but the singular beauty of the approach invites the student, and its ease of access secures his progress to the sanctuary beyond.

†3. A shrine or box containing relics. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > portable shrines or relics > portable shrine > [noun]

shrinec1000

crystalc1330

feretoryc1330

scrinea1350

phylacteryc1384

sanctuaryc1386

monstrance1522

feretrum1536

reliquary1550

reliquaire1611

relicarya1661

chasse1670

enchâssure1716

mikoshi1727

sanctorium1816

c1386 G. Chaucer Pardoner's Tale 625 But by the croys which that seint Eleyne fond, I wolde I hadde thy coillons in myn hond In stede of relikes or of seintuarie.

1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. vi. 79 Popes and patrones poure gentil blod refuseþ, And taken symondes sone seyntewarie [v.r. sanctuarye] to kepe.

c1400 Laud Troy Bk. 18043 Thei did the relikes brynge,..Here saynteuarius with al her gere... Diomedes was ffurst that swore, And made his othe vpon the flore, He swor by al here sayntwaries.

?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) II. lf. 331^v Than cam the day that the grekes shold swere the peas faynedly vpon the playn felde vpon the sayntuaryes.

1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) xxxvii. 205 They helde the crosse and the sainctuaryes with whiche they blessyd the peple.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin iv. 75 Than the kynge made be brought the hiest seintewaries that he hadde, and the beste relikes, and ther-on they dide swere as Merlin dide hem devyse.

4. A piece of consecrated ground; the precincts of a church; a churchyard, cemetery. Now dialect. (See also sanctuary garth n. at Compounds 1.)There seems to have been some confusion between seintuary, centry, etc. (Middle English forms of sanctuary) and cemetery n.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > land > [noun] > churchyard

church townOE

churchyard?a1160

church hayc1175

kirkyardc1175

kirk-garth1298

purseynta1325

church hawc1330

sanctuary garth1412

procinct1422

precinctc1425

sanctuary1432

church-earth1449

church-littena1450

church garth1484

cemetery1485

church acre1596

God's acre1605

kirk shot1935

1432–50 tr. Higden (Rolls) V. 65 [He] made a seyntuary [Trevisa chirchehawe, L. cœmeterium] in the cite of Rome, in the way callede Via Appia, to bery the bodies of martires.

a1450 J. Myrc Instr. to Par. Priests 330 Also wyth-ynne chyrche and seyntwary Do ryȝt thus as I the say.

1872 J. Glyde's Norfolk Garland i. 28 ‘If I were on any occasion to urge a parishioner to inter a deceased relative on the north side of the church, he would answer me with some expression of surprise,..“No, sir, it is not in the sanctuary.”’

II. A place that offers refuge.

a. A church or other sacred place in which, by the law of the medieval church, a fugitive from justice, or a debtor, was entitled to immunity from arrest. Hence, in wider sense, applied to any place in which by law or established custom a similar immunity is secured to fugitives.By English common law, a fugitive charged with any offence but sacrilege and treason might escape punishment by taking refuge in a sanctuary, and within forty days confessing his crime and taking an oath which subjected him to perpetual banishment. By the act 21 Jac. I. c. 28 §7 (1625) the right of sanctuary in criminal cases was abolished. Certain places, chiefly actual or reputed precincts of former royal palaces, as Whitefriars, the Savoy, and the Mint, continued to be sanctuaries in civil cases until their privilege was abolished by the acts 8 & 9 Will. III. c. 27 §15 (1696–7) and 9 Geo. I. c. 28 (1722). The abbey of Holyrood is still by law a sanctuary for debtors, but the abolition of imprisonment for debt has rendered the privilege useless.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > [noun] > used as haven

sanctuaryc1374

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > inviolable refuge, sanctuary, or asylum > an asylum or sanctuary

frithsoken1014

gritha1300

sanctuaryc1374

city of refuge (alsorefute)a1425

grith-placea1425

grith-stonea1425

grith-towna1425

asylumc1430

abbey1675

flemensfirth1805

c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Cambr.) i. pr. iv. 10 To whiche Iugement they nolden nat obeye but defendedyn hem by the sikernesse of holy howses, þat is to seyn fledden in to sentuarye.

1463–4 Rolls of Parl. V. 507/2 Eny persone..that shall dwelle or inhabit within the Sayntwarie and Procyncte of the same Chapell.

1474 Rolls of Parl. VI. 110/1 Such persones as were endetted..and by fraude went to seyntuaries.

1477 Rolls of Parl. 183/2 Eny persone or persones havyng eny places of Tuitionez comonly called Seintwaries, as to eny Privilege, Libertee, Tuition or Fraunches.

1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccli. x 2 b Also this same yere the shereuis of london fette oute of Seint Martins the graunt the sayntwarie fiue persones, whiche afterward were restored agayne to the Sayntwarie by the kynges Iustices.

c1503 R. Arnold Chron. sig. Avij^v Perkin warbek..fled to bewdeley sentwary [cf. 1556 in J. G. Nichols Chron. Grey Friars (1852) 25 He flede to Bewdley senttuary].

1534 in T. Wright Three Chapters Lett. Suppression Monasteries (1843) 39 Men sayd that the sayntuary shall, aftre this settyng of the parliament, hold no man for dett, morder, nor felenye.

1537 tr. Original & Sprynge All Sectes H vij The churches are a centuary for mysdoers.

1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. ix. sig. I2^v That all the while he by his side her bore, She was as safe as in a Sanctuary .

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 811 Who..with drew him selfe into a monastery hard by, which was counted a Sanctuary, and therefore not to be forced and broken.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. vi. 286 Sanctuarium, or the Centurie, wherein Debtours taking refuge from their Creditours..lived..in all security.

c1710 C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 68 Just by the Communion table is the Sanctuary or place of refuge where Criminalls flee for safety.

1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. x. 259 If thou breathest aught that can attaint the honour of my house, by Saint George! not the altar itself shall be a sanctuary.

1839 W. H. Ainsworth Jack Sheppard I. i. ii. 42 In order to guard against accidents or surprises, watchmen or scouts..were stationed at the three main outlets of the sanctuary [sc. the mint at Southwark] ready to give the signal in the manner just described.

1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola II. iv. 34 The church was a sanctuary which he had a right to claim.

b. Applied to a similar place of refuge in a non-Christian country; an asylum.

ΚΠ

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) vi. 66 That Cytee [Ebron] was also Sacerdotalle, that is to seyne, seyntuarie, of the Tribe of Juda: And it was so fre, that Men receyved there alle manere of Fugityfes of other places, for here evyl Dedis.

1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors 353 He caus'd the Place where he was kill'd to be encompass'd with a high Wall, made a Sanctuary of it.

c1700 Tarquin & Tullia 10 in Poems Aff. St. (1704) III. 319 To form his Party, Histories report, A Sanctuary was open'd in his Court, Where glad Offenders safely might resort.

1878 P. Gardner in Encycl. Brit. VIII. 468/1 Besides being a place of worship, a museum, and a sanctuary, the Ephesian temple was a great bank.

1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. xx. 466 From the penalty and inconveniences of these accusations of witch~craft there is but one escape, namely flight to a sanctuary. There are several sanctuaries in Congo Français.

c. transferred and figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > a place of refuge

havenc1225

infleeinga1300

leinda1300

harbourc1300

reseta1325

harbouryc1325

refutec1350

asylec1384

receipta1393

refugec1405

port salut?1407

recept1423

porta1425

receptaclec1425

place (etc.) of refuge?a1439

retreat1481

port haven1509

stelling-place1513

refugie1515

retraict1550

safe haven1555

havening place1563

sanctuarya1568

safe harbour1569

sheepfold1579

subterfuge1593

arka1616

lopeholt1616

latebra1626

asylum1642

creep-hole1646

harbourage1651

reverticle1656

creeping-hole1665

a port in a (also the) storm1714

receptory1856

padded cell1876

funk-hole1900

a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) i. f. 12^v Vsing alwaise soch discrete moderation, as the scholehouse should be counted a sanctuarie against feare.

1685 J. Crowne Sir Courtly Nice v. 49 My House is your Sanctuary, and here to offer you violence, wou'd prejudice my self.

1776 T. Paine Common Sense iii. 39 The Reformation was preceded by the discovery of America, as if the Almighty graciously meant to open a sanctuary to the persecuted in future years, when home should afford neither friendship nor safety.

1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits v. 97 They have made..London..a sanctuary to refugees of every political and religious opinion.

1861 J. Tulloch Eng. Puritanism I. 38 His [Abbot's] house was a sanctuary to the most eminent of the factious party.

d. An area of land within which (wild) animals or plants are protected and encouraged to breed or grow.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > collection or conservation of natural specimens > sanctuary or reserve > [noun]

sanctuary1879

natural park1888

game reserve1907

nature reserve1912

nature sanctuary1928

nature park1929

wildlife sanctuary1936

1879 A. P. Vivian Wanderings in Western Land xiii. 299 The suggestion..of setting apart certain districts as ‘sanctuaries’, within which the buffalo should never be molested, is one well worthy of consideration.

1887 Leisure Hour 69/1 Mr. Maynard..has suggested the establishment of ‘bird sanctuaries’ along Cape Cod and other coast regions.

1897 Cornhill Mag. Jan. 37 The national forests will become, as the New Forest is now in some measure, sanctuaries for all the animals feræ naturæ of England.

1909 Bull. N.Y. Zool. Soc. June 511/2 Around the coast there is gradually being extended a chain of insular bird sanctuaries that means much to the avifauna of North America.

1943 J. S. Huxley TVA 54 Game management areas and game refuges or sanctuaries have been set up.

1975 M. Russell Murder by Mile iii. 26 The glen's by way of being something of a bird and animal sanctuary.

1978 Country Life 16 Nov. 1632/1 Rare and vulnerable plants and animals will be protected by setting aside ‘sanctuaries’.

a. Immunity from punishment and the ordinary operations of the law secured by taking refuge in a sanctuary (sense 5); the right or privilege of affording such shelter; shelter, refuge, protection as afforded by a church, etc. Also privilege of sanctuary. †to keep sanctuary: to resort to a sanctuary for protection. to violate or break sanctuary: to violate the privilege or right of a sanctuary or place of refuge.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > inviolable refuge, sanctuary, or asylum

sanctuaryc1380

sentry1590

asylum1725

bast1856

society > law > legal right > right of specific class, person, or place > [noun] > right of asylum > immunity of sanctuary

sanctuaryc1380

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > inviolable refuge, sanctuary, or asylum > immunity secured by

church-sokeneOE

sanctuaryc1380

franchisec1425

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > inviolable refuge, sanctuary, or asylum > right of affording

sanctuaryc1380

privilegea1387

franchisec1425

c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 294 Þei chalengen fraunchise and privylegie in many grete chirchis, þat wikid men..þere schullen dwelle in seyntewarie, and no man empeche hem bi processe of lawe.

c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 280 Þat þefte & raueynen & mansleyng & robberie be not meyntened in seyntiwarye vnder colour of priuylegie.

c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (Percy Soc.) 167 He is like a fugitif that rennythe to seyntwarye For drede of hangyng.

1464 Coventry Leet Bk. 322 The parker & oþer Officers of Cheylesmore pretendyng..that eny persones owed not to be arrested there, seying that Cheylesmore was seyntwary.

1471 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 441 The Erle off Oxenffordys bretheryn be goon owt off sceyntewarye.

1509 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Court of Requests (1898) 12 Your pore orator..neuyr dare come oute off seyntory.

1543 More's Hist. Richard III in Chron. J. Hardyng f. xliiii^v Y^t the kynges brother should be fayne to kepe sanctuary.

1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. 1079/1 This woman..fled in the night to Westminster for sanctuarie.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iii. i. 42 God in heauen forbid We should infringe the holy priuiledge Of blessed sanctuary .

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iii. i. 47 You breake not sanctuary in seazing him [the Dk. of York] .

1623–4 Act 21 Jas. I c. 28 §7 And be it alsoe enacted..That no Sanctuarie or Priviledge of Sanctuary shalbe hereafter admitted or allowed in any case.

a1641 T. Heywood Captives (1953) iii. ii. 58 Theft rapine: contempt off religion and breach off sanctury.

1711 J. Bingham Origines Ecclesiasticæ III. viii. x. 290 Both by general Custom and Law under the Christian Emperors, every Church was invested with the Privilege of an Asylum, or Place of Sanctuary and Refuge in certain Cases.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1787) II. xx. 223 The ancient privilege of sanctuary was transferred to the Christian temples.

1822 W. Scott Fortunes of Nigel II. v. 102 Get into Whitefriars or somewhere, for sanctuary and concealment, till you can make friends or quit the city.

1831 W. Scott Fortunes of Nigel (new ed.) I. Introd. p. xiv Alsatia..possessing certain privileges of sanctuary, became for that reason a nest of..mischievous characters.

1859 Ld. Tennyson Guinevere in Idylls of King 232 Mine enemies Pursue me, but, O peaceful Sisterhood, Receive, and yield me sanctuary.

1871 R. W. Dale Ten Commandm. vi. 148 The altar of God itself was to be no sanctuary for..an actual murderer.

1898 J. T. Fowler Durham Cathedral 63 Those who sought sanctuary fled to the church and knocked.

b. in non-Christian countries (see 5b); also transferred and figurative.

ΚΠ

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 138 The Priuiledged place where~into the Persians vse to retyre for sanctuarie.

1654 T. Burton Diary (1828) I. Introd. 23 Which, if in truth any would offer to impeach, by violence from without, it could receive no sanctuary nor advantage at all from such a declaration.

1655 W. Gurnall Christian in Armour: 1st Pt. 32 A Heathen could say, when a bird (scared by a Hawke) flew into his bosome, I will not betray thee unto thy enemy, seeing thou comest for Sanctuary unto me. How much lesse will God yield up a soule unto its enemy, when it takes Sanctuary in his Name.

1659 H. Hammond Paraphr. & Annot. Psalms (lxii. 7 Paraphr.) 309 On him only I rely..for sanctuary when any distresse surrounds me.

c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1641 (1955) II. 37 A Convent of Franciscan Friers..both their Chapell, & Refectory full of the goods of such poore people as at the approch of the Army, had fled with them thither for Sanctuary.

1688 T. Ken Pastoral Let. 2 Many poor Protestant strangers are now fled hither for Sanctuary, whom as Brethren, as members of Christ, we should take in and Cherish.

1692 R. L'Estrange Fables liii. 53 A Stag that was hard set by the Huntsmen, betook himself to a Stall for Sanctuary, and prevail'd with the Oxen to Conceal him the best they could.

1736 Compl. Family-piece ii. i. 215 When a Bitch Fox is bragged, and with Cub, she is hardly to be taken; for then she lieth near the Earth, and upon hearing the least Noise, she betakes herself to her Place of Sanctuary.

1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1846) V. l. 18 The precincts of Mecca enjoyed the rights of sanctuary.

1828 P. F. Tytler Hist. Scotl. I. ii. 112 The churches, to which the miserable inhabitants had fled for sanctuary, were violated and defiled with blood.

1849 G. Grote Hist. Greece V. ii. xlv. 469 Pleistoanax..lived for a long time in sanctuary near the temple of Athênê, at Tegea.

1855 N. Hawthorne Jrnl. 6 Oct. in Eng. Notebks. (1997) I. iii. 387 It rained heavily; and..we..betook ourselves to sanctuary, taking refuge in Saint Paul's Cathedral.

c. to take sanctuary: to take refuge in a sanctuary. Also transferred and figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > take or seek refuge [verb (intransitive)] > take sanctuary

to take sanctuary1429

1429 Rolls of Parl. IV. 360/2 Merchantz straungiers, yat..have stollen away, and daily taken seyntuaries.

1472–3 Rolls of Parl. VI. 20/1 That he never toke eny seyntwary, ne withdrewe hym from your good grace.

1504 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Court of Requests (1898) 8 Your saide besechar whan he was at large toke sayntewary and lost his goodes.

1543 Chron. J. Hardyng f. lviii^v What if a mannes wife take sanctuary because she liste to ronne from hir husband?

1556 J. Heywood Spider & Flie lii. 14 The spiders..In the copweb took sentuarie for defence.

1592 Arden of Feversham v. ii. 12 I haue the gould; what care I though it be knowne! Ile crosse the water and take sanctuary.

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 75 The fishes which are many, haue taken Sanctuary in these waters, and none dare take them, but holde them holy.

1625 J. Robinson Ess. (1851) I. xxiv. 110 What intention could be better or action worse? We must not therefore take the sanctuary of fools by good meanings without knowledge.

1640 J. Yorke Union of Honour 40 In the beginning of King Edward's raigne, she was forced to take sanctuary at Westminster.

1705 G. Stanhope Paraphr. Epist. & Gospels II. 627 The Evasions of this Nature being only such miserable Shifts, as the Jews of later Ages have taken Sanctuary in.

1711 J. Bingham Origines Ecclesiasticæ III. viii. xi. 294 Next..we are to consider..in what Cases they were allowed to take Sanctuary in their Churches.

1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 78 The Gunner, who had taken Sanctuary in the Woods.

1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 41 The Sea-Lions..will..if you pursue them, be glad to take Sanctuary in the Water.

1785 C. Wilkins tr. Bhăgvăt-Gēētā xiv. 97 They take sanctuary under this wisdom.

1878 R. L. Stevenson Inland Voy. 104 Terrified creatures taking sanctuary in every nook along the shore.

7. Hunting, etc.: The ‘privilege of forest’; also ‘close time’.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > thing hunted or game > action of game > [noun] > right of sanctuary

sanctuary1603

the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting time > [noun] > close-time

fermison?a1400

fence-month1594

time of gracea1610

fencer-month1699

close season1843

closed season1878

sanctuary1898

close-time-

1603 G. Owen Descr. Penbrokshire (1892) 265 As for hartes and hindes..yett some there are, and those lyve without sanctuarye or priviledge of fforest, free for every man to chase and hunte, at theire pleasure.

1892 Daily News 19 Apr. 3/5 Application was made to the Chief Ranger..for her [the hind's] recapture; but he promptly refused, on the grounds that the Forest was a ‘sanctuary’, and any wild animal escaping into the same was ‘of right free of the forest’. The impossibility of uncarting a deer and preventing its getting into the forest,..has by the enforcement of this ‘right of sanctuary’, aided the authorities in putting a stop to ‘Easter deer-baiting’.

1898 Westm. Gaz. 3 May 3/1 He would..extend the weekly close time, and he believes that if the present period of sanctuary was doubled, in a year or two at most the nets would be catching far more fish [salmon] than they now do in the longer period.

Compounds

C1. Of senses 1 – 4, as sanctuary lamp, †sanctuary observance, sanctuary stair, sanctuary temple.

† sanctuary garth n. Obsolete = sense 4.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > land > [noun] > churchyard

church townOE

churchyard?a1160

church hayc1175

kirkyardc1175

kirk-garth1298

purseynta1325

church hawc1330

sanctuary garth1412

procinct1422

precinctc1425

sanctuary1432

church-earth1449

church-littena1450

church garth1484

cemetery1485

church acre1596

God's acre1605

kirk shot1935

1412–13 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1901) III. 610 Subtus cameram d'ni Prioris versus Seynterygarth, 14d.

c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 35 Ȝe..han put kepars of my sanctuari obseruaunce to ȝor silf.

c1593 in J. Raine Descr. Anc. Monuments Church of Durham (1842) 44 The Sentuarie Garth.

c1593 in J. Raine Descr. Anc. Monuments Church of Durham (1842) 45 The Sentory Garthe.

c1624 Rites of Durham (Surtees) 205 (note) Sanctuary garth.

1850 G. Wilkinson Archit. Anc. Egypt 82 Sanctuary Temples, consisting of a single chamber.

1862 H. E. M. tr. Monnin Curé d'Ars Pref. 7 When I saw, by the light of the sanctuary-lamp, that wasted and withered form.

1866 J. Purchas & F. G. Lee Directorium Anglicanum (ed. 3) 259 Sanctuary Lamp, that which burns before the Blessed Sacrament when it is reserved.

1893 F. Thompson Poems 45 The cowlèd night Kneels on the Eastern sanctuary-stair.

C2. Of senses 5, 6.

sanctuary-breaking n.

ΚΠ

a1529 J. Skelton Speke Parrot in Poet. Wks. (1843) II. 24 So myche sayntuary brekyng, and preuylegidde barrydd.

sanctuary knocker n.

ΚΠ

1886 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 255/2 The sanctuary seats at Hexham and Beverley and the sanctuary knocker at Durham are still in existence.

sanctuary place n.

ΚΠ

?1530 J. Rastell Pastyme of People sig. *Gi^v Wherfore suche gentylmen as had appoynted to eyde the duke fled, some to sentwary places, and some be yonde the see.

sanctuary-seat n.

ΚΠ

1886Sanctuary seat [see sanctuary knocker n.].

sanctuary town n.

ΚΠ

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. liiij Richard Horsnayle Bailyfe of the sanctuary towne called Good Esture in Essex.

C3.

† sanctuary man n. (also sanctuary woman, etc.) Obsolete a man who has taken refuge in a sanctuary or privileged place of protection.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > inviolable refuge, sanctuary, or asylum > one who has taken sanctuary

grith-man1342

sanctuary mana1513

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. cxlvii^v They went to Westmynster, & toke w^t them all maner of Seyntwary men.

?1530 J. Rastell Pastyme of People sig. *Fiii^v She went into westmyster and there regystarde her selfe as a sentwary woman.

1543 Chron. J. Hardyng f. xlviii^v Verely I haue heard of sanctuary menne, but I neuer harde before of sanctuary chyldren.

1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 39 If any Sanctuarie-man did by night or otherwise, get out of Sanctuarie priuily, and commit mischiefe and trespasse, and then come in againe, hee should loose the benefit of Sanctuarie for euer after.

Draft additions June 2018

sanctuary city n. (a) = city of refuge (also†refute) n. at city n. Phrases 2 (now historical); (b) North American a city regarded as offering a degree of protection to illegal immigrants, in particular by having policies in place to limit cooperation with federal immigration authorities.

ΚΠ

1845 M. F. Tupper Proverbial Philos. 2nd Ser. 19 There is the Sanctuary-city, mocking at the wrath of thine Avenger.

1881 R. Winterbotham Numbers (ed. 2) 453 Certain cities were made sanctuary cities (Exod. xxi. 13).

1943 Classical Rev. 57 40/1 The Persian Gulf, where sanctuary-cities and caravan-cities remained the permanent centres of culture.

1985 Cumberland (Maryland) News 8 Apr. 2/3 (heading) Cambridge may become sanctuary city.

1993 Univ. Pennsylvania Law Rev. 141 1457 Takoma Park..which recently enacted noncitizen voting, was only following up on its earlier decision to make itself a sanctuary city.

2017 East Bay (Calif.) Times (Nexis) 6 May Donald Trump's immigration policies have drawn numerous protests in San Francisco, a sanctuary city that has for decades offered undocumented immigrants protections from U.S. immigration authorities.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1909; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	sanctuary
释义	sanctuaryn.¹ /ˈsaŋktjuːəri/ Forms: Middle English–1500s saint-, saynt-, seint-, seyntuary(e, seyntuarie, seynt(e)warie, seyntwary(e, (Middle English seyntiwarie, Middle English sceyntewarye, seyntery); Middle English–1500s sentuary(e, sentuarie, sentwary, (1500s senttuary, centuary, sentory, centory, cent(e)ry), 1600s centerie, centurie; 1500s santuary; Middle English–1600s sainctuarie, sainctuary; Middle English–1600s sanctuarye, Middle English– sanctuary. Etymology: < Old French sain(c)tuarie, sain(c)tuaire (whence the form saintuaire n.), modern French sanctuaire (= Provençal sanctuari , Catalan santuari , Spanish santuario , Portuguese santuario , Italian santuario ), semi-pop. < Latin sanctuārium , apparently irregularly < sanctus holy (? on the analogy of sacrarium n.¹). The present form of the word, which is due to recourse to the original Latin, occurs almost as early as the forms taken from Old French.The Latin word is post-Augustan; in classical Latin (Pliny) it occurs only in the sense of ‘the private cabinet of a prince’ (Lewis & Short); the sense of ‘holy place’ is common in the Vulgate and in Christian Latin generally. I. A holy place. 1. a. gen. A building or place set apart for the worship of God or of one or more divinities: applied, e.g., to a Christian church, the Jewish temple and the Mosaic tabernacle, a heathen temple or site of local worship, and the like; also figurative to the church or body of believers. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > [noun] holinessc897 houseeOE halidomc1000 ZionOE God's houseOE wike-tuna1250 saintuairea1300 sanctuarya1340 holy1382 entry?c1400 the Holy (Saint) Sepulchre (occasionally the Sepulchre)c1400 high placea1425 place of worship?1459 synagogue1490 God-box?1548 shrinea1577 bethela1617 prayer house1657 barn1689 bidental1692 altar1772 praying housea1843 a1340 R. Rolle Cant. Moses 21 in Psalter (1884) 507 Þi sanctuary lord þe whilk þi hend festynd; lord sall regne wiþouten end and ouyre. In þat sanctuary oure lord sall be kynge, þat is in all sauyd men, wiþouten end. 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Exod. xxv. 8 And thei shulen make to me a seyntuarye, and Y shal dwelle in the myddil of hem. 1508 J. Fisher Treat. Penyt. Psalmes sig. ss.iiij^v Filij seruorum tuorum habitabunt. The children of thy seruauntes shal be permanent in thy sentuary. 1530 W. Tyndale Prol. Exod. Sanctuarie, a place halowed and dedicate vnto god. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Tobit xiii. 11 The people shal come vnto the from farre, they shal bringe giftes, and worshipe y^e Lorde in the, and thy londe shal they haue for a Sanctuary, for they shal call vpon the greate name in the. a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) ii. ii. 176 Hauing waste ground enough, Shall we desire to raze the Sanctuary And pitch our euils there? View more context for this quotation 1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 1674 Chaunting thir Idol, and preferring Before our living Dread who dwells In Silo his bright Sanctuary . View more context for this quotation a1729 J. Rogers 19 Serm. (1735) xvii. 371 Let it not be imagined, that they contribute nothing to the Happiness of the Countrey, who only serve God in the Duties of a holy Life; who attend his Sanctuary, and daily address his Goodness to pardon the Sins of the Land. 1830 W. M. Leake Trav. Morea II. 426 Strabo..describes the Epidaurian sanctuary as ‘a place renowned for the cure of all sorts of diseases’. 1863 H. B. Hackett in W. Smith Dict. Bible III. 1278/1 Shiloh was one of the earliest and most sacred of the Hebrew sanctuaries. 1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxiii. 3 When he near'd the leafy forest, dark sanctuary divine [L. loca Deæ]. 1888 W. R. Smith in Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 165/2 A temple implies a sanctuary; but a sanctuary or holy spot does not necessarily contain a temple. b. figurative. Used for: The priestly office or order. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > priest > [noun] > office of a priest priesthoodOE sanctuaryc1380 priestheada1400 priestdom1528 priestship1584 flamenship1600 sacerdotala1640 sacerdocya1706 long robe1762 sacerdoce1829 priestism1842 sacerdotalism1847 sacerdotium1931 c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. I. 25 In þis dede þat Crist dide, he techiþ his Chirche to bygynne for to purge his seintuarie, þat ben preests and clerks þerof. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1787) II. xx. 217 But the Christian sanctuary was open to every ambitious candidate, who aspired to its heavenly promises, or temporal possessions. c. Applied to Heaven. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > heaven > [noun] bliss971 heavenOE paradiseOE towera1240 seatc1275 heavenwarda1300 Abraham's bosomc1300 tabernaclea1340 wonea1350 sanctuary1382 pasturec1384 firmament1388 sky?1518 Canaan1548 welkin1559 happy land1562 sphere?1592 heavenwards1614 afterworld1615 patria1707 god-home1848 overworld1858 the invisible1868 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Deut. xxvi. 15 Bihold fro thi sanctuary, fro the hiȝe dwellynge place of heuens [L. de sanctuario tuo]. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms ci[i]. 19 For He loketh downe from his Sanctuary, out of the heauen doth the Lorde beholde the earth. a1586 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalmes David (1823) xx. ii From santuary hy Let him come downe. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vi. 672 Had not th' Almightie Father where he sits Shrin'd in his Sanctuarie of Heav'n secure, Consulting [etc.] . View more context for this quotation d. transferred. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > [noun] > sacred sanctuary1445 sanctum1577 holy of holies1641 Mecca1826 1445 tr. Claudian's De Consulatu Stilichonis in Anglia (1905) 28 261 Fides thyn herte enbracyth As hir propir sanctuary, and medelith with al thi deedys. 1584 G. Whetstone Mirour for Magestrates f. 23 The Dicing-houses and other lyke Sanctuaries of iniquitie. 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 170 The famous isle of Iona was once the seat and sanctuary of western learning. 1821 Ld. Byron Two Foscari iv. i, in Sardanapalus 260 Sen[ator]. I sought not A place within the sanctuary; but being Chosen..I shall fulfil my office. 1831 D. Brewster Life I. Newton x. 120 Admiring disciples crowded to this sanctuary of the sciences [sc. Tycho Brahe's observatory of Uranibourg] to acquire the knowledge of the heavens. 1870 F. M. Müller Sci. Relig. (1873) 142 Entirely expelled from the sanctuary of the human mind. e. to weigh (also examine) with the weights (or scales) of the sanctuary: to test by the standard of divine revelation. Also, to examine by an equal and just scale (see quot. 1728), after French peser une chose au poids du sanctuaire, dans la balance du sanctuaire (Littré).Suggested by Vulgate ad (or juxta) pondus sanctuarii, pondere sanctuarii Leviticus v. 15, Numbers vii. 13, 19, 25, 31, 37, xviii. 16. The force of the original Hebrew expression would be more accurately rendered by ‘according to the sacred shekel’. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > evaluation, estimation, appraisal > estimate [phrase] > by divine or just scale to weigh (also examine) with the weights (or scales) of the sanctuary1617 the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > activities of God > [verb (transitive)] > judge deraignc1330 judgec1350 visit1382 doomc1503 to weigh (also examine) with the weights (or scales) of the sanctuary1617 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 43 Setting humane experience aside, we will waigh this by the holy scales of the Sanctuarie. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) To examine a Thing by the Weight of the Sanctuary, is to examine it by a just and equal Scale. 2. A specially holy place within a temple or church. a. In the Mosaic tabernacle and the Jewish temple: the holy place n., including the ‘Holy of holies’ (see holy n. 5); sometimes applied to the latter only. †sanctuary (or sanctuaries) of the sanctuary: a literal rendering of sanctuarium (-aria) sanctuarii, which is used in the Vulgate to represent the Hebrew for ‘Holy of holies’. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > holy of holies > [noun] sanctuary1382 oraclec1450 sanctum sanctorumc1475 sanctum1577 adyt1584 penetral1589 adytum1611 holiest1611 holy of holies1641 sacrariuma1746 sanctuarium1796 sekos1820 garbhagriha1832 inner sanctum1861 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Exod. xxvi. 33 The veyle forsothe be it sett yn bi cercles, with ynne the whiche thou shalt put the arke of testymonye, and with the which the seyntuarye, and the seyntuarye [v.r. sayntuarise] of the seyntuarie [L. sanctuarii sanctuaria] shulen be dyuydid. a1656 J. Ussher Power of Princes (1683) i. 66 To be put in Tables of Brass, and to be set up within the compass of the Sanctuary in a conspicuous place. 1737 W. Whiston tr. Josephus Antiq. Jews iii. vi, in tr. Josephus Genuine Wks. 77 A veil of linen..was to be drawn this way or that way by cords, whose rings..were subservient to the drawing and undrawing of the veil, and to the fastening it at the corner: that then it might be no hindrance to the view of the sanctuary: especially on solemn days. b. Ecclesiastical. That part of a church round the altar, the sacrarium; also used by some for the chancel. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > chancel or sanctuary > [noun] chancel1303 sacrarya1387 sanctuarya1400 presbytery1466 presbyterium1565 cancelli1642 bema1683 sacrarium1727 haikal1884 a1400–50 Alexander (Dublin) 1567 And of þe sanctuary [Ashm. MS. saynt-ware] mony seere þinges, With tabels & tapers & tretes of þe law. 1577 M. Hanmer tr. Bp. Eusebius in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. x. iv. 189 (note) A space betwene the Sanctuary & the porche. 1585 J. Higgins tr. Junius Nomenclator 307 Sacrarium..the sanctuarie or chauncell. 1711 J. Bingham Origines Ecclesiasticæ III. viii. vi. 188 In the middle of the Bema or Sanctuary. 1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall V. xlix. 97 That all the images should be removed from the sanctuary and altar to a proper height in the churches. 1870 F. R. Wilson Archit. Surv. Churches Lindisfarne 35 The sanctuary is raised one step. a1878 G. G. Scott Lect. Mediæval Archit. (1879) II. 40 The chancel, or rather the sanctuary, was apsidal, with a surrounding aisle. 1885 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold Catholic Dict. (ed. 3) Sanctuary, the part of the church round the high altar reserved for clergy. c. The most sacred part of any temple; the ‘cella’, ‘adytum’. ΚΠ 1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy ii. 3810 For þei cast no longer for to tarie, But prowdely entre in þe seintuarie, In-to þe chapel callid Cytheroun. 1513 Lydgate's Troye Bk. (Pynson) iv. xxx. S v b With many flawme and many hydous lyght That brent enuyrowne in the seyntuarye [1555 sentuarye]. 1857 J. G. Wilkinson Egyptians 141 Within this sanctuary was the statue of the god, and the altar for sacrifice or for libation; and to it the priests alone had access. 1875 Encycl. Brit. II. 388/2 The sanctuary, adytum or σηκός (fig. 4), still contained the idol and its altar. d. figurative. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > privacy > [noun] > inward or hidden thoughts, etc. the bird in one's (also the) bosom1548 bosom1600 underthought1602 recess1605 arrière-pensée1617 sanctuary1642 1642 D. Rogers Naaman Ep. Ded. sig. A2^v We are come now beyond the Porch and Sanctuary, even to the Holy of Holies. 1686 G. Hickes Speculum Beatæ Virginis 38 They pray to her..to admit them within the Sanctuary of her Audience. 1795 E. Burke Let. to W. Elliot in Wks. (1842) II. 244 But now the veil was torn, and, to keep off sacrilegious intrusion, it was necessary that in the sanctuary of government some~thing should be disclosed not only venerable, but dreadful. 1816 P. B. Shelley Alastor 4 And, though ne'er yet Thou hast unveil'd thy inmost sanctuary. 1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands I. 129 His writings..form only the portico to the temple of wisdom; but the singular beauty of the approach invites the student, and its ease of access secures his progress to the sanctuary beyond. †3. A shrine or box containing relics. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > portable shrines or relics > portable shrine > [noun] shrinec1000 crystalc1330 feretoryc1330 scrinea1350 phylacteryc1384 sanctuaryc1386 monstrance1522 feretrum1536 reliquary1550 reliquaire1611 relicarya1661 chasse1670 enchâssure1716 mikoshi1727 sanctorium1816 c1386 G. Chaucer Pardoner's Tale 625 But by the croys which that seint Eleyne fond, I wolde I hadde thy coillons in myn hond In stede of relikes or of seintuarie. 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. vi. 79 Popes and patrones poure gentil blod refuseþ, And taken symondes sone seyntewarie [v.r. sanctuarye] to kepe. c1400 Laud Troy Bk. 18043 Thei did the relikes brynge,..Here saynteuarius with al her gere... Diomedes was ffurst that swore, And made his othe vpon the flore, He swor by al here sayntwaries. ?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) II. lf. 331^v Than cam the day that the grekes shold swere the peas faynedly vpon the playn felde vpon the sayntuaryes. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) xxxvii. 205 They helde the crosse and the sainctuaryes with whiche they blessyd the peple. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin iv. 75 Than the kynge made be brought the hiest seintewaries that he hadde, and the beste relikes, and ther-on they dide swere as Merlin dide hem devyse. 4. A piece of consecrated ground; the precincts of a church; a churchyard, cemetery. Now dialect. (See also sanctuary garth n. at Compounds 1.)There seems to have been some confusion between seintuary, centry, etc. (Middle English forms of sanctuary) and cemetery n. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > land > [noun] > churchyard church townOE churchyard?a1160 church hayc1175 kirkyardc1175 kirk-garth1298 purseynta1325 church hawc1330 sanctuary garth1412 procinct1422 precinctc1425 sanctuary1432 church-earth1449 church-littena1450 church garth1484 cemetery1485 church acre1596 God's acre1605 kirk shot1935 1432–50 tr. Higden (Rolls) V. 65 [He] made a seyntuary [Trevisa chirchehawe, L. cœmeterium] in the cite of Rome, in the way callede Via Appia, to bery the bodies of martires. a1450 J. Myrc Instr. to Par. Priests 330 Also wyth-ynne chyrche and seyntwary Do ryȝt thus as I the say. 1872 J. Glyde's Norfolk Garland i. 28 ‘If I were on any occasion to urge a parishioner to inter a deceased relative on the north side of the church, he would answer me with some expression of surprise,..“No, sir, it is not in the sanctuary.”’ II. A place that offers refuge. 5. a. A church or other sacred place in which, by the law of the medieval church, a fugitive from justice, or a debtor, was entitled to immunity from arrest. Hence, in wider sense, applied to any place in which by law or established custom a similar immunity is secured to fugitives.By English common law, a fugitive charged with any offence but sacrilege and treason might escape punishment by taking refuge in a sanctuary, and within forty days confessing his crime and taking an oath which subjected him to perpetual banishment. By the act 21 Jac. I. c. 28 §7 (1625) the right of sanctuary in criminal cases was abolished. Certain places, chiefly actual or reputed precincts of former royal palaces, as Whitefriars, the Savoy, and the Mint, continued to be sanctuaries in civil cases until their privilege was abolished by the acts 8 & 9 Will. III. c. 27 §15 (1696–7) and 9 Geo. I. c. 28 (1722). The abbey of Holyrood is still by law a sanctuary for debtors, but the abolition of imprisonment for debt has rendered the privilege useless. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > [noun] > used as haven sanctuaryc1374 the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > inviolable refuge, sanctuary, or asylum > an asylum or sanctuary frithsoken1014 gritha1300 sanctuaryc1374 city of refuge (alsorefute)a1425 grith-placea1425 grith-stonea1425 grith-towna1425 asylumc1430 abbey1675 flemensfirth1805 c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Cambr.) i. pr. iv. 10 To whiche Iugement they nolden nat obeye but defendedyn hem by the sikernesse of holy howses, þat is to seyn fledden in to sentuarye. 1463–4 Rolls of Parl. V. 507/2 Eny persone..that shall dwelle or inhabit within the Sayntwarie and Procyncte of the same Chapell. 1474 Rolls of Parl. VI. 110/1 Such persones as were endetted..and by fraude went to seyntuaries. 1477 Rolls of Parl. 183/2 Eny persone or persones havyng eny places of Tuitionez comonly called Seintwaries, as to eny Privilege, Libertee, Tuition or Fraunches. 1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccli. x 2 b Also this same yere the shereuis of london fette oute of Seint Martins the graunt the sayntwarie fiue persones, whiche afterward were restored agayne to the Sayntwarie by the kynges Iustices. c1503 R. Arnold Chron. sig. Avij^v Perkin warbek..fled to bewdeley sentwary [cf. 1556 in J. G. Nichols Chron. Grey Friars (1852) 25 He flede to Bewdley senttuary]. 1534 in T. Wright Three Chapters Lett. Suppression Monasteries (1843) 39 Men sayd that the sayntuary shall, aftre this settyng of the parliament, hold no man for dett, morder, nor felenye. 1537 tr. Original & Sprynge All Sectes H vij The churches are a centuary for mysdoers. 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. ix. sig. I2^v That all the while he by his side her bore, She was as safe as in a Sanctuary . View more context for this quotation 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 811 Who..with drew him selfe into a monastery hard by, which was counted a Sanctuary, and therefore not to be forced and broken. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. vi. 286 Sanctuarium, or the Centurie, wherein Debtours taking refuge from their Creditours..lived..in all security. c1710 C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 68 Just by the Communion table is the Sanctuary or place of refuge where Criminalls flee for safety. 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. x. 259 If thou breathest aught that can attaint the honour of my house, by Saint George! not the altar itself shall be a sanctuary. 1839 W. H. Ainsworth Jack Sheppard I. i. ii. 42 In order to guard against accidents or surprises, watchmen or scouts..were stationed at the three main outlets of the sanctuary [sc. the mint at Southwark] ready to give the signal in the manner just described. 1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola II. iv. 34 The church was a sanctuary which he had a right to claim. b. Applied to a similar place of refuge in a non-Christian country; an asylum. ΚΠ c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) vi. 66 That Cytee [Ebron] was also Sacerdotalle, that is to seyne, seyntuarie, of the Tribe of Juda: And it was so fre, that Men receyved there alle manere of Fugityfes of other places, for here evyl Dedis. 1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors 353 He caus'd the Place where he was kill'd to be encompass'd with a high Wall, made a Sanctuary of it. c1700 Tarquin & Tullia 10 in Poems Aff. St. (1704) III. 319 To form his Party, Histories report, A Sanctuary was open'd in his Court, Where glad Offenders safely might resort. 1878 P. Gardner in Encycl. Brit. VIII. 468/1 Besides being a place of worship, a museum, and a sanctuary, the Ephesian temple was a great bank. 1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. xx. 466 From the penalty and inconveniences of these accusations of witch~craft there is but one escape, namely flight to a sanctuary. There are several sanctuaries in Congo Français. c. transferred and figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > a place of refuge havenc1225 infleeinga1300 leinda1300 harbourc1300 reseta1325 harbouryc1325 refutec1350 asylec1384 receipta1393 refugec1405 port salut?1407 recept1423 porta1425 receptaclec1425 place (etc.) of refuge?a1439 retreat1481 port haven1509 stelling-place1513 refugie1515 retraict1550 safe haven1555 havening place1563 sanctuarya1568 safe harbour1569 sheepfold1579 subterfuge1593 arka1616 lopeholt1616 latebra1626 asylum1642 creep-hole1646 harbourage1651 reverticle1656 creeping-hole1665 a port in a (also the) storm1714 receptory1856 padded cell1876 funk-hole1900 a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) i. f. 12^v Vsing alwaise soch discrete moderation, as the scholehouse should be counted a sanctuarie against feare. 1685 J. Crowne Sir Courtly Nice v. 49 My House is your Sanctuary, and here to offer you violence, wou'd prejudice my self. 1776 T. Paine Common Sense iii. 39 The Reformation was preceded by the discovery of America, as if the Almighty graciously meant to open a sanctuary to the persecuted in future years, when home should afford neither friendship nor safety. 1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits v. 97 They have made..London..a sanctuary to refugees of every political and religious opinion. 1861 J. Tulloch Eng. Puritanism I. 38 His [Abbot's] house was a sanctuary to the most eminent of the factious party. d. An area of land within which (wild) animals or plants are protected and encouraged to breed or grow. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > collection or conservation of natural specimens > sanctuary or reserve > [noun] sanctuary1879 natural park1888 game reserve1907 nature reserve1912 nature sanctuary1928 nature park1929 wildlife sanctuary1936 1879 A. P. Vivian Wanderings in Western Land xiii. 299 The suggestion..of setting apart certain districts as ‘sanctuaries’, within which the buffalo should never be molested, is one well worthy of consideration. 1887 Leisure Hour 69/1 Mr. Maynard..has suggested the establishment of ‘bird sanctuaries’ along Cape Cod and other coast regions. 1897 Cornhill Mag. Jan. 37 The national forests will become, as the New Forest is now in some measure, sanctuaries for all the animals feræ naturæ of England. 1909 Bull. N.Y. Zool. Soc. June 511/2 Around the coast there is gradually being extended a chain of insular bird sanctuaries that means much to the avifauna of North America. 1943 J. S. Huxley TVA 54 Game management areas and game refuges or sanctuaries have been set up. 1975 M. Russell Murder by Mile iii. 26 The glen's by way of being something of a bird and animal sanctuary. 1978 Country Life 16 Nov. 1632/1 Rare and vulnerable plants and animals will be protected by setting aside ‘sanctuaries’. 6. a. Immunity from punishment and the ordinary operations of the law secured by taking refuge in a sanctuary (sense 5); the right or privilege of affording such shelter; shelter, refuge, protection as afforded by a church, etc. Also privilege of sanctuary. †to keep sanctuary: to resort to a sanctuary for protection. to violate or break sanctuary: to violate the privilege or right of a sanctuary or place of refuge. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > inviolable refuge, sanctuary, or asylum sanctuaryc1380 sentry1590 asylum1725 bast1856 society > law > legal right > right of specific class, person, or place > [noun] > right of asylum > immunity of sanctuary sanctuaryc1380 the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > inviolable refuge, sanctuary, or asylum > immunity secured by church-sokeneOE sanctuaryc1380 franchisec1425 the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > inviolable refuge, sanctuary, or asylum > right of affording sanctuaryc1380 privilegea1387 franchisec1425 c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 294 Þei chalengen fraunchise and privylegie in many grete chirchis, þat wikid men..þere schullen dwelle in seyntewarie, and no man empeche hem bi processe of lawe. c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 280 Þat þefte & raueynen & mansleyng & robberie be not meyntened in seyntiwarye vnder colour of priuylegie. c1430 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (Percy Soc.) 167 He is like a fugitif that rennythe to seyntwarye For drede of hangyng. 1464 Coventry Leet Bk. 322 The parker & oþer Officers of Cheylesmore pretendyng..that eny persones owed not to be arrested there, seying that Cheylesmore was seyntwary. 1471 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 441 The Erle off Oxenffordys bretheryn be goon owt off sceyntewarye. 1509 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Court of Requests (1898) 12 Your pore orator..neuyr dare come oute off seyntory. 1543 More's Hist. Richard III in Chron. J. Hardyng f. xliiii^v Y^t the kynges brother should be fayne to kepe sanctuary. 1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. 1079/1 This woman..fled in the night to Westminster for sanctuarie. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iii. i. 42 God in heauen forbid We should infringe the holy priuiledge Of blessed sanctuary . View more context for this quotation 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iii. i. 47 You breake not sanctuary in seazing him [the Dk. of York] . View more context for this quotation 1623–4 Act 21 Jas. I c. 28 §7 And be it alsoe enacted..That no Sanctuarie or Priviledge of Sanctuary shalbe hereafter admitted or allowed in any case. a1641 T. Heywood Captives (1953) iii. ii. 58 Theft rapine: contempt off religion and breach off sanctury. 1711 J. Bingham Origines Ecclesiasticæ III. viii. x. 290 Both by general Custom and Law under the Christian Emperors, every Church was invested with the Privilege of an Asylum, or Place of Sanctuary and Refuge in certain Cases. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1787) II. xx. 223 The ancient privilege of sanctuary was transferred to the Christian temples. 1822 W. Scott Fortunes of Nigel II. v. 102 Get into Whitefriars or somewhere, for sanctuary and concealment, till you can make friends or quit the city. 1831 W. Scott Fortunes of Nigel (new ed.) I. Introd. p. xiv Alsatia..possessing certain privileges of sanctuary, became for that reason a nest of..mischievous characters. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Guinevere in Idylls of King 232 Mine enemies Pursue me, but, O peaceful Sisterhood, Receive, and yield me sanctuary. 1871 R. W. Dale Ten Commandm. vi. 148 The altar of God itself was to be no sanctuary for..an actual murderer. 1898 J. T. Fowler Durham Cathedral 63 Those who sought sanctuary fled to the church and knocked. b. in non-Christian countries (see 5b); also transferred and figurative. ΚΠ 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 138 The Priuiledged place where~into the Persians vse to retyre for sanctuarie. 1654 T. Burton Diary (1828) I. Introd. 23 Which, if in truth any would offer to impeach, by violence from without, it could receive no sanctuary nor advantage at all from such a declaration. 1655 W. Gurnall Christian in Armour: 1st Pt. 32 A Heathen could say, when a bird (scared by a Hawke) flew into his bosome, I will not betray thee unto thy enemy, seeing thou comest for Sanctuary unto me. How much lesse will God yield up a soule unto its enemy, when it takes Sanctuary in his Name. 1659 H. Hammond Paraphr. & Annot. Psalms (lxii. 7 Paraphr.) 309 On him only I rely..for sanctuary when any distresse surrounds me. c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1641 (1955) II. 37 A Convent of Franciscan Friers..both their Chapell, & Refectory full of the goods of such poore people as at the approch of the Army, had fled with them thither for Sanctuary. 1688 T. Ken Pastoral Let. 2 Many poor Protestant strangers are now fled hither for Sanctuary, whom as Brethren, as members of Christ, we should take in and Cherish. 1692 R. L'Estrange Fables liii. 53 A Stag that was hard set by the Huntsmen, betook himself to a Stall for Sanctuary, and prevail'd with the Oxen to Conceal him the best they could. 1736 Compl. Family-piece ii. i. 215 When a Bitch Fox is bragged, and with Cub, she is hardly to be taken; for then she lieth near the Earth, and upon hearing the least Noise, she betakes herself to her Place of Sanctuary. 1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall (1846) V. l. 18 The precincts of Mecca enjoyed the rights of sanctuary. 1828 P. F. Tytler Hist. Scotl. I. ii. 112 The churches, to which the miserable inhabitants had fled for sanctuary, were violated and defiled with blood. 1849 G. Grote Hist. Greece V. ii. xlv. 469 Pleistoanax..lived for a long time in sanctuary near the temple of Athênê, at Tegea. 1855 N. Hawthorne Jrnl. 6 Oct. in Eng. Notebks. (1997) I. iii. 387 It rained heavily; and..we..betook ourselves to sanctuary, taking refuge in Saint Paul's Cathedral. c. to take sanctuary: to take refuge in a sanctuary. Also transferred and figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > take or seek refuge [verb (intransitive)] > take sanctuary to take sanctuary1429 1429 Rolls of Parl. IV. 360/2 Merchantz straungiers, yat..have stollen away, and daily taken seyntuaries. 1472–3 Rolls of Parl. VI. 20/1 That he never toke eny seyntwary, ne withdrewe hym from your good grace. 1504 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Court of Requests (1898) 8 Your saide besechar whan he was at large toke sayntewary and lost his goodes. 1543 Chron. J. Hardyng f. lviii^v What if a mannes wife take sanctuary because she liste to ronne from hir husband? 1556 J. Heywood Spider & Flie lii. 14 The spiders..In the copweb took sentuarie for defence. 1592 Arden of Feversham v. ii. 12 I haue the gould; what care I though it be knowne! Ile crosse the water and take sanctuary. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 75 The fishes which are many, haue taken Sanctuary in these waters, and none dare take them, but holde them holy. 1625 J. Robinson Ess. (1851) I. xxiv. 110 What intention could be better or action worse? We must not therefore take the sanctuary of fools by good meanings without knowledge. 1640 J. Yorke Union of Honour 40 In the beginning of King Edward's raigne, she was forced to take sanctuary at Westminster. 1705 G. Stanhope Paraphr. Epist. & Gospels II. 627 The Evasions of this Nature being only such miserable Shifts, as the Jews of later Ages have taken Sanctuary in. 1711 J. Bingham Origines Ecclesiasticæ III. viii. xi. 294 Next..we are to consider..in what Cases they were allowed to take Sanctuary in their Churches. 1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 78 The Gunner, who had taken Sanctuary in the Woods. 1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 41 The Sea-Lions..will..if you pursue them, be glad to take Sanctuary in the Water. 1785 C. Wilkins tr. Bhăgvăt-Gēētā xiv. 97 They take sanctuary under this wisdom. 1878 R. L. Stevenson Inland Voy. 104 Terrified creatures taking sanctuary in every nook along the shore. 7. Hunting, etc.: The ‘privilege of forest’; also ‘close time’. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > thing hunted or game > action of game > [noun] > right of sanctuary sanctuary1603 the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting time > [noun] > close-time fermison?a1400 fence-month1594 time of gracea1610 fencer-month1699 close season1843 closed season1878 sanctuary1898 close-time- 1603 G. Owen Descr. Penbrokshire (1892) 265 As for hartes and hindes..yett some there are, and those lyve without sanctuarye or priviledge of fforest, free for every man to chase and hunte, at theire pleasure. 1892 Daily News 19 Apr. 3/5 Application was made to the Chief Ranger..for her [the hind's] recapture; but he promptly refused, on the grounds that the Forest was a ‘sanctuary’, and any wild animal escaping into the same was ‘of right free of the forest’. The impossibility of uncarting a deer and preventing its getting into the forest,..has by the enforcement of this ‘right of sanctuary’, aided the authorities in putting a stop to ‘Easter deer-baiting’. 1898 Westm. Gaz. 3 May 3/1 He would..extend the weekly close time, and he believes that if the present period of sanctuary was doubled, in a year or two at most the nets would be catching far more fish [salmon] than they now do in the longer period. Compounds C1. Of senses 1 – 4, as sanctuary lamp, †sanctuary observance, sanctuary stair, sanctuary temple. † sanctuary garth n. Obsolete = sense 4. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > land > [noun] > churchyard church townOE churchyard?a1160 church hayc1175 kirkyardc1175 kirk-garth1298 purseynta1325 church hawc1330 sanctuary garth1412 procinct1422 precinctc1425 sanctuary1432 church-earth1449 church-littena1450 church garth1484 cemetery1485 church acre1596 God's acre1605 kirk shot1935 1412–13 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1901) III. 610 Subtus cameram d'ni Prioris versus Seynterygarth, 14d. c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 35 Ȝe..han put kepars of my sanctuari obseruaunce to ȝor silf. c1593 in J. Raine Descr. Anc. Monuments Church of Durham (1842) 44 The Sentuarie Garth. c1593 in J. Raine Descr. Anc. Monuments Church of Durham (1842) 45 The Sentory Garthe. c1624 Rites of Durham (Surtees) 205 (note) Sanctuary garth. 1850 G. Wilkinson Archit. Anc. Egypt 82 Sanctuary Temples, consisting of a single chamber. 1862 H. E. M. tr. Monnin Curé d'Ars Pref. 7 When I saw, by the light of the sanctuary-lamp, that wasted and withered form. 1866 J. Purchas & F. G. Lee Directorium Anglicanum (ed. 3) 259 Sanctuary Lamp, that which burns before the Blessed Sacrament when it is reserved. 1893 F. Thompson Poems 45 The cowlèd night Kneels on the Eastern sanctuary-stair. C2. Of senses 5, 6. sanctuary-breaking n. ΚΠ a1529 J. Skelton Speke Parrot in Poet. Wks. (1843) II. 24 So myche sayntuary brekyng, and preuylegidde barrydd. sanctuary knocker n. ΚΠ 1886 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 255/2 The sanctuary seats at Hexham and Beverley and the sanctuary knocker at Durham are still in existence. sanctuary place n. ΚΠ ?1530 J. Rastell Pastyme of People sig. Gi^v Wherfore suche gentylmen as had appoynted to eyde the duke fled, some to sentwary places, and some be yonde the see. sanctuary-seat n. ΚΠ 1886Sanctuary seat [see sanctuary knocker* n.]. sanctuary town n. ΚΠ 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. liiij Richard Horsnayle Bailyfe of the sanctuary towne called Good Esture in Essex. C3. † sanctuary man n. (also sanctuary woman, etc.) Obsolete a man who has taken refuge in a sanctuary or privileged place of protection. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > inviolable refuge, sanctuary, or asylum > one who has taken sanctuary grith-man1342 sanctuary mana1513 a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. cxlvii^v They went to Westmynster, & toke w^t them all maner of Seyntwary men. ?1530 J. Rastell Pastyme of People sig. Fiii^v She went into westmyster and there regystarde her selfe as a sentwary woman. 1543 Chron. J. Hardyng* f. xlviii^v Verely I haue heard of sanctuary menne, but I neuer harde before of sanctuary chyldren. 1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 39 If any Sanctuarie-man did by night or otherwise, get out of Sanctuarie priuily, and commit mischiefe and trespasse, and then come in againe, hee should loose the benefit of Sanctuarie for euer after. Draft additions June 2018 sanctuary city n. (a) = city of refuge (also†refute) n. at city n. Phrases 2 (now historical); (b) North American a city regarded as offering a degree of protection to illegal immigrants, in particular by having policies in place to limit cooperation with federal immigration authorities. ΚΠ 1845 M. F. Tupper Proverbial Philos. 2nd Ser. 19 There is the Sanctuary-city, mocking at the wrath of thine Avenger. 1881 R. Winterbotham Numbers (ed. 2) 453 Certain cities were made sanctuary cities (Exod. xxi. 13). 1943 Classical Rev. 57 40/1 The Persian Gulf, where sanctuary-cities and caravan-cities remained the permanent centres of culture. 1985 Cumberland (Maryland) News 8 Apr. 2/3 (heading) Cambridge may become sanctuary city. 1993 Univ. Pennsylvania Law Rev. 141 1457 Takoma Park..which recently enacted noncitizen voting, was only following up on its earlier decision to make itself a sanctuary city. 2017 East Bay (Calif.) Times (Nexis) 6 May Donald Trump's immigration policies have drawn numerous protests in San Francisco, a sanctuary city that has for decades offered undocumented immigrants protections from U.S. immigration authorities. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1909; most recently modified version published online December 2021). sanctuaryn.² Etymology: Corruption of centaury n.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈsanctuary. dialect. Centaury. ΚΠ 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 268/2 Seyntuary an herbe. ] a1876 E. Leigh Gloss. Words Dial. Cheshire (1877) 175. 1886 J. Britten & R. Holland Dict. Eng. Plant-names This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1909; most recently modified version published online September 2021). † sanctuaryv. Etymology: < sanctuary n.¹ Obsolete. rare. transitive. To place in safety as in a sanctuary. Of a place: to afford protection or shelter (from). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > make safe or secure [verb (transitive)] > place in safety nestle1548 state1607 sanctuary1615 inlaya1631 lodge1666 ensconce1820 sconce1842 the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > seek (refuge) [verb (transitive)] > give or afford refuge to to do refugec1405 refuge1589 sanctuary1615 shelter1663 1615 T. Heywood Foure Prentises D 3 Thy purse is sanctuary'd. 1631 T. Heywood Fair Maid of West: 1st Pt. i. 9 Feare not sweet Spencer, we are now alone, And thou art sanctuar'd in these mine armes. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. iv. 200 The Kings enemies once Sanctuaried, daring him no less then the Jebusites in their strong fort of Sion defied David. c1676 Lady Chaworth in 12th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1890) App. v. 32 St. James's where she had lodgings to sanctuary her from debt. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1909; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.¹a1340n.²a1876v.1615
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sanctuaryn.1

Compounds

Draft additions June 2018

sanctuaryn.2

† sanctuaryv.

sanctuaryn.¹

sanctuaryn.²