districtn.

Brit.

/ˈdɪstrɪkt/, U.S.

/ˈdɪstrɪk(t)/

Etymology: < French district (16th cent. in Littré) < medieval Latin districtus (1) the constraining and restraining of offenders, the exercise of justice, (2) the power of exercising justice in a certain territory, jurisdiction, (3) the territory under the jurisdiction of a feudal lord; < Latin district- participial stem of distringĕre : see distrain v.(The explanation of the 17th cent. legal antiquaries, ‘the territory within which the lord may distrain’, is much narrower than the notion involved in districtus.)

†1. Law. The territory under the jurisdiction of a feudal lord. Obsolete.

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society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > jurisdiction or territory of specific rulers or nobles > [noun] > of feudal lord

seigniory1338

signoryc1515

district1611

lordship marcher1613

commot1628

commanderya1641

ligialty1651

distressa1658

seigneury1683

commendatory1762

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues District, a district; the liberties, or precincts of a place; the territorie, or circuit of countrey, within which a Lord, or his Officers may iudge, compell, or call in question, the inhabitants.

1641 Rastell's Termes de la Ley (new ed.) f. 125 Districtus is sometimes used for the circuit or territory, within which a man may be thus compelled to appeare.]

1670 T. Blount Νομο-λεξικον: Law-dict. District, is the place in which a Man hath the power of distreining, or the Circuit or Territory wherein one may be compelled to appear..Where we say, Hors de son Fee, others say, Extra districtum suum.

2. A portion of territory marked off or defined for some special administrative or official purpose, or as the sphere of a particular officer or administrative body civil or ecclesiastical; e.g. a police district, postal district, or registration district; the Metropolitan district, London postal district, that of a Local Board or Urban Sanitary Authority.

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society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > an administrative division of territory > [noun]

purprisea1275

member?a1425

precinct1447

lordshipa1450

captainate1593

region1593

partiality1601

division1640

peopledom1657

convent1658

district1667

mastership1707

superintendency1798

area1849

1667 Bp. J. Taylor 2nd Pt. Dissuasive from Popery i. i. 25 The Decrees of General Councils bind not but as they are accepted by the several Churches in their respective Districts and Dioceses.

1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 403. ¶2 The several Districts and Parishes of London and Westminster.

1834 S. Gobat Jrnl. Abyssinia 367 As soon as the son of a great man has learned to read..his father gives him a district of a greater or less extent.

1847 Act 10 & 11 Victoria c 15 §43 Any offence which shall take place within the Metropolitan Police District.

3. spec.

a. In England: a division of a parish, having its own church or chapel and resident clergyman, constituted under the Church Building Acts, from 58 Geo. III, c 45 onwards. Hence district chapel, district church, district parish (see Compounds 1b). Cf. chapel n. 3b. Peel district: an ecclesiastical division formed under 6 and 7 Victoria, c. 37, ‘having a minister licensed by the bishop and vested with limited powers’.These ecclesiastical districts originally constituted perpetual curacies; they are now mostly for ecclesiastical purposes distinct parishes, being vicarages or rectories according to the status of the benefice out of which they have been taken.

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1818 Act 58 Geo. III c. 45 §21 In any case in which the said Commissioners shall be of opinion that it is not expedient to divide any populous Parish or Extra Parochial Place into such complete, separate, and distinct Parishes as aforesaid, but that it is expedient to divide the same into such Ecclesiastical Districts as they..may deem necessary for the Purpose of affording Accommodation for the attending Divine Service..to Persons residing therein.

1822 Act 3 Geo. IV c. 72 §10 To act on the Vestry of such District or Division, and of the Church or Chapel thereof.

1866 J. M. Dale Clergyman's Legal Handbk. (ed. 4) 34 Upon the new church being consecrated in the Peel district, it becomes a ‘new parish for ecclesiastical purposes’.

1866 J. M. Dale Clergyman's Legal Handbk. (ed. 4) 35 The patronage of the Peel districts and parishes, until otherwise assigned, rests with the Crown and the bishop alternately.

b. One of the urban or rural subdivisions of a county, constituted by the Local Government Act of 1894, and having an Urban or Rural District Council. General district fund, General district rate (see quot. 1902).

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1895 Whitaker's Almanack 667 (Parish Councils Act) The whole country will be divided into districts, some of which are borough urban districts, some urban districts other than Boroughs, and some rural districts, each of which will have its own council. Rural districts in most cases comprise a large number of parishes.

1895 Whitaker's Almanack 669 (Parish Councils Act) Rural districts are those areas which occupy the whole of the country outside London other than so much as is included in any borough or any other urban district.

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXX. 318/2 As a general rule, all the expenses of carrying into execution the Public Health Acts in an urban district fall upon a fund which is called the general district fund, and that fund is provided by means of a rate called the general district rate.

c. In British India: a division or subdivision of a province or presidency, constituting the most important unit of civil administration, having at its head an officer called ‘Magistrate and Collector’, or ‘Deputy-Commissioner’. It corresponded to the Zillah of earlier times. Now historical.Generally, four or more ‘districts’ constituted a ‘division’ under a ‘commissioner’; but in Madras presidency the districts themselves were the primary divisions.

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society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > an administrative division of territory > [noun] > in India

pargana1614

sirkar1627

zilla1772

district1776

mahal1793

taluk1793

mohalla1825

1776 Depositions 2/1 in Trial J. Fowke Having a demand on the Dewan of the Calcutta District, for..26,000 rupees.

1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India III. vi. v. 280 In each district, that is, in the language of the country, each Zillah..a Zillah..court, was established.

1848 G. Wyatt Revelations of Orderly (1849) 67 The Planters..in the Chumparan district.

1881 W. W. Hunter Imperial Gazetteer India III. 254 Farakhábád bears the reputation of being one of the healthiest Districts in the Doáb.

1886 H. Yule & A. C. Burnell Hobson-Jobson 749 Zillah..is the technical name for the administrative districts into which British India is divided, each of which has in the older provinces a Collector, or Collector and Magistrate combined, a Session Judge, &c., and in the newer provinces, such as the Punjab..a Deputy Commissioner.

d. In the United States used in various specific and local senses: e.g. a political division = election constituency, as an assembly district, congressional district, senate district.In some States the chief subdivision of a county (civil, magisterial, militia, justice's district), called in other States townships or towns. Formerly, in South Carolina = county; elsewhere, a division of a State containing several counties. Also: a division of the country directly under the control of Congress, and having no elective franchise, as the federal District of Columbia, and (historical) the District (now state) of Alaska (cf. Russian America n. at Russian n. and adj. Compounds 2b).

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society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > an administrative division of territory > [noun] > in U.S.A.

hundred1621

town1631

squadron1636

county1662

precinct1713

parish1772

back county1775

district1792

metropolitan district1817

1792 Mass. Acts & Resolves (1895) 185 The first district shall consist of the Counties of Suffolk Essex & Middlesex & shall be entitled to choose four representatives.

1800 M. Cutler Jrnl. 21 Oct. in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler Life, Jrnls. & Corr. M. Cutler (1888) II. 40 Much said about my being elected member for this district in Congress.

1802 R. Brookes Gen. Gazetteer (ed. 12) Fayette, a district of N. Carolina, comprehending the counties of Moore, Cumberland, Sampson, Richmond, Robeson, and Anson. Fayetteville, a town of N. Carolina, in Cumberland county, capital of the district of Fayette.

1809 E. A. Kendall Trav. Northern Parts U.S. I. ii. 10 The town-proper was of course the collection of dwellings; but, in the vulgar acceptation the same word embraced the entire district or township.

1890 M. Townsend U.S.: Index to United States Amer. 138 The District of Columbia (including the national capital of Washington); the District of Alaska.

e. The portion of country or of a town allotted to or occupied by any person as the sphere of his operations; particularly, a section of a parish allotted to a lay ‘visitor’, working under the clergyman. Also, spec. the area served by a maternity hospital or a midwife for home confinements; on the district (colloquial): see quot. 1933.

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society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > an administrative division of territory > [noun] > for other specific purposes

school rick1773

school district1794

district1854

highway parish1862

catchment area1945

1854 C. M. Yonge Castle Builders v. 64 The Miss Shaws..have undertaken to get..a district appointed for us to visit.

1854 C. M. Yonge Castle Builders v. 66 Several excellent persons..had attempted visiting and instructing the poor in his [sc. the vicar's] district.

1863 J. W. Carlyle Lett. III. 162 Visiting about in their ‘district’, and attending all sorts of meetings.

1888 A. T. Quiller-Couch in Echoes fr. Oxf. Mag. (1890) 104 There's no one to visit your ‘district’ Or make Mother Tettleby's soup.

a1897 Mod. For this purpose the town has been divided into districts, and two canvassers appointed to each.

1933 E. Partridge Slang To-day & Yesterday ii. iii. 191 ‘Each of the London teaching hospitals undertakes the care of the parturient poor in its own district.’.. A student engaged on his three or six months' course of such midwifery is said to be ‘on the district’.

1961 Observer 7 May 35/3 The different conditions which exist in maternity hospitals and on the district.

1964 G. L. Cohen What's Wrong with Hospitals? v. 87 ‘I'm me own boss on the district,’ Nurse Bailey..expounded the advantages of domiciliary work.

1964 G. L. Cohen What's Wrong with Hospitals? v. 109 Midwives on the District recommend bed-rest but cannot enforce it.

f. A territorial division of the Methodist communions comprising a number of circuits.

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1831 J. M. Peck Guide for Emigrants 258 There are three districts, the Illinois, the Kaskaskia, and the Wabash districts, over each of which is a presiding Elder.

1839 Penny Cycl. XV. 142 A number of these circuits..are united and known as a district.

1885 [see district meeting n. at Compounds 1a].

1970 B. Drewery in S. G. F. Brandon Dict. Compar. Relig. 440/2 The Methodist constitution..forms series of concentric circles, from the local chapels organised into ‘circuits’, each with a team of Ministers under the ‘Superintendant’, the Districts under ‘Chairman’, and the central authority of the annual Conference of 650.

g. With capital initial: short for the London Metropolitan District Railway; also plural shares in this railway. Also attributive.

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1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 9 Dec. 4 The District trains are now ‘gassed’ only once a day.

1898 Westm. Gaz. 29 Nov. 8/1 We cannot find any sufficient reason for the recent rise in Districts.

1902 Westm. Gaz. 29 May 7/3 To travel on the District from Ealing to the Mansion House and back, third-class, will in the future cost 8d.

1909 Westm. Gaz. 16 July 10/3 Districts were also good in tone at 17⁵/ ₈.

1911 W. Owen Lett. (1967) 80 Transported to the other side of London by those wretched District trains.

1959 Chambers's Encycl. XI. 500/1 The District owned the south side of the Inner Circle from Mansion House to South Kensington... District trains reached Uxbridge over the Metropolitan.

4. Any tract of country, usually of vaguely defined limits, having some common characteristics; a region, locality, ‘quarter’.

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the world > the earth > region of the earth > [noun]

endc893

earthOE

coastc1315

plagea1382

provincea1382

regiona1382

countrya1387

partya1387

climatea1398

partc1400

nookc1450

corner1535

subregion1559

parcel1582

quart1590

climature1604

latitudea1640

area1671

district1712

zone1829

natural region1888

sector1943

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > part of country or district > [noun]

endc893

shirec893

estrec1275

sidec1325

bounds1340

provincea1382

partc1400

landmark1550

tract1553

canton1601

neighbourhood1652

district1712

section1785

circumscription1831

location1833

block1840

strip1873

1712 R. Blackmore Creation ii. 97 These Districts, which between the Tropicks lie..Were thought an uninhabitable Seat.

1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall i The most extensive and flourishing district, westward of Mount Taurus and the river Halys, was dignified by the Romans with the exclusive title of Asia.

1865 C. Lyell Elem. Geol. (ed. 6) 79 Districts composed of argillaceous and sandy formations.

1889 A. R. Wallace Darwinism 222 Species [of birds] which inhabit open districts are usually protectively coloured.

a1897 Mod. The roughest carriage road in the Lake district. A manufacturing district; a purely agricultural district.

†5. figurative. Sphere of operation; province, scope. Obsolete. rare.In quot. 1704 used in plural = limits, bounds.

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a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) i. i. 28 This Principle of Life, Sense, and Intellection in Man called the Soul, hath the Body as its Province and Districtus, wherein it exerciseth these Faculties and Operations.]

1704 J. Swift Disc. Mech. Operat. Spirit i, in Tale of Tub 293 The first and the last of these, I understand to come within the Districts of my Subject.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

a. (In sense 2.)

district constable n.

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1839 Act 2 & 3 Victoria c. 93 An Act of the Establishment of County and District Constables.

district judge n.

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1789 U.S. Statutes at Large I. 73 And it be further enacted That there be a court called a District Court..to consist of one judge..called a District Judge [etc.].

1790 Gentleman's Mag. July 669/1 Wm. Drayton, esq. formerly chief justice of his Majesty's province of East Florida, but who some short time since had been appointed by the American Congress to be district judge of South Carolina.

1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. District-judge, the judge of a district court. District-school, a school within a certain district of a town. New England.

1833 F. J. Shore Notes Indian Affairs (1837) I. 136 There were kazees..who may be designated district judges.

1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. I. xxii. 310 The Circuit court may be held either by the Circuit Judge alone, or by the Supreme court Circuit justice alone, or by both together, or by either sitting alone with the District judge.

2004 Daily Tel. 28 Oct. 25/8 I am now told on good authority that district judges are also entitled to the title ‘Judge’—something that was certainly not made clear a few years ago when county court registrars and stipendiary magistrates were given this enhanced title.

district meeting n.

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1885 Minutes Wesleyan Conference 370 The Chairmen of Districts in their several District meetings.

district order n.

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1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. District Orders, those issued by a general commanding a district.

district school n.

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1793 F. Asbury Jrnl. 7 Mar. (1852) II. 186 Building a house for conference, preaching, and a district school.

1854 M. J. Holmes Tempest & Sunshine viii. 111 He handed him five hundred dollars, telling him..to send her for two years to the district school.

1874 2nd Rep. Vermont State Board Agric. 1873–4 609 Until I was twenty-five, laboring on the farm in summer and teaching district school in winter.

1946 E. B. Partridge & O. Bettmann As we Were 19 Only in the backward regions of the country does the district school still survive.

district superintendent n.

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1889 G. Findlay Working & Managem. Eng. Railway 14 In the more important districts the District Superintendents are relieved of the management of the goods business by ‘District Goods Managers’.

district surveyor n.

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1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 368 The District-Surveyors are elected by the Magistrates.

1855 Act 18 & 19 Victoria c. 122 §49 There shall be paid to the district surveyors..such other fees..as may from time to time be directed by the Metropolitan Board of Works.

district-visit v. humorous

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1870 M. Bridgman Robert Lynne I. iv. 44 When I am ill, I shall..be ‘district-visited’.

district-visiting n.

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1854 C. M. Yonge Castle Builders vi. 78 I read to him about your plans for district visiting.

1935 Scrutiny 4 116 No amount of observation of the district-visiting kind..will produce a convincing substitute for adequate response to the quality of the working-class life.

district-visitor n.

ΚΠ

1850 C. Kingsley Alton Locke II. xii. 183 Katie had never heard of her before—‘some district visitor’ or other?

1870 M. Bridgman Robert Lynne I. iv. 43 ‘What are the duties of a district-visitor?’..‘She scolds the men for frequenting public-houses, abuses the women for being idle and slatternly.’

b. (In sense 3a.)

district chapel n.

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1821 T. Chalmers Christian & Civic Econ. Large Towns I. v. 170 Might not a district chapel be raised as well as a district school, and with still greater securities even, for the right exercise of the patronage?

2002 B. Lewis Middlemost & Milltowns vi. 169 He threatened to withdraw the application if the district chapels were allowed to perform marriages.

district church n.

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1825 G. R. Harvey Let. on New Churches 21 The repairs of all such District Churches and Chapels shall be made by the Districts to which they respectively belong.

1855 Timbs Curiosities of London (1867) St. Peter's, Saffron-hill, a district church of St. Andrew's, Holborn.

2001 S. J. Brown National Churches Eng., Irel., & Scotl. iii. 210 Blomfield hoped that the new district churches would restore traditional social harmonies.

district parish n.

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1818 Act 58 Geo. III c. 45 §24 The churches and chapels respectively assigned to such Districts shall, when duly consecrated for that Purpose, become and be the District Parish Churches of such District Parishes.

1856 J. R. Walbran Guide Ripon (ed. 6) 110 A district parish has..been assigned to this Church.

C2.

district attorney n. U.S. the local prosecuting officer of a district.

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society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > state or public law officers > state or public prosecutor

quaestora1387

promoter1485

fiscal1539

actor1598

fisc1732

public prosecutor1750

district attorney1856

Director of Public Prosecutions1879

procurator1917

D.A.1934

D.P.P.1942

1856 S. Mordecai Virginia (1860) vii. 101 The office of district attorney in the United States Court of Virginia.

1873 ‘M. Twain’ & C. D. Warner Gilded Age liv. 493 The district attorney..opened the case for the state.

1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. II. xlix. 255 The local prosecuting officer, called the district attorney.

district attorney v. U.S. transitive (with it) to act in the manner of a district attorney.

ΚΠ

1922 A. Brown Old Crow vi. 67 You're district-attorneying it a trifle too much to interest me... This isn't a third degree.

district council n. British the local council of an Urban or Rural District as constituted by the Parish Councils Act of 1894.

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society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > local government body > [noun] > district council

rural district council1888

urban district council1888

district council1894

RDC1904

U.D.C.1905

rural1952

urban1952

1894 Times 19 Dec. 6/3 Returned at the head of the poll for the urban district council..The village shoe-maker heads the poll for both the parish and the rural district council.

1895 Whitaker's Almanack 669 (Parish Councils Act) Urban District Councils are but urban sanitary authorities under a new name, and elected on the same system as town councils in boroughs. Rural District Councils are a new body, and take over the functions which guardians of the poor, acting as rural sanitary authorities, discharged in rural sanitary districts.

district councillor n. British an elected member of a district council.

ΚΠ

1895 Whitaker's Almanack 670 (Parish Councils Act) The elections of guardians, and of urban and rural district councillors, are to take place under rules issued by the Local Government Board.

district court n. U.S. a court of limited jurisdiction, having cognizance of certain causes within a district, presided over by a district judge.

ΚΠ

1791 G. Washington Diaries IV. 186 The District Court is held in it [sc. Salisbury].

1800 M. L. Weems Lett. II. 150 I can't think of the Dumfries District Court with patience.

1802 A. Hamilton in N.Y. Evening Post 19 Mar. 2/5 It abolishes the District Courts of Tennessee and Kentucky.

district curves n. = district lines n.

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1902 Encycl. Brit. XXX. 461/1 [Rücker and Thorpe] found where isogonals, isoclinals, &c., cut the lines of latitude. The curves obtained by joining these successive points of intersection on a map are called district lines or curves.

district heating n. a method of supplying heat or hot water from a single source to a number of separate buildings or a whole district.

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1908 A. G. King Pract. Steam & Hot Water Heating xxiii. 288 District Heating. This type, if it may be so termed, of steam and hot-water heating owes its inception to..Mr. Birdsall Holly, of Lockport, N.Y.

1913 A. M. Greene Elem. Heating & Ventil. xi. 279 District heating or heating from a central station..has been extended to heat towns or portions of towns.

1943 Archit. Rev. 93 102/3 The district heating pipes by which a house and a whole estate..can be centrally heated.

1970 Daily Tel. 7 Dec. 8/4 District heating costs more to install than individual heating systems but running costs are substantially less.

district lines n. (see quot.); cf. district curves n.

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district messenger n. one employed by the District Messenger Service (see quot.)

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1911 Chambers's Jrnl. 1 208/1 The District Messenger Service was founded in London in 1890 for the purpose of introducing..the electric call-box system.

district nurse n. a nurse who serves a rural or urban district.

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the world > health and disease > healing > healer > nurse > [noun] > other types

man-nurse1530

probationer nurse1584

parish nurse1716

day nurse1759

school nurse1836

Gamp1846

hospital nurse1848

pupil nurse1861

male nurse1874

district nurse1883

relief nurse1884

casualty nurse1885

bayman1888

maid nurse1895

charge-nurse1896

ward nurse1899

health visitor1901

practice nurse1912

community nurse1922

scrub nurse1927

theatre nurse1934

para-nurse1942

nurse practitioner1967

rehab nurse1977

1883 Cassell's Family Mag. Apr. 314/1 District Nurses.—Some seven or eight years ago, an Association was formed in London for providing a body of skilled and trained nurses to nurse the sick poor at their own homes.

1894 Mrs. H. Ward Marcella II. iii. iv. 313 Marcella's Association allowed its District Nurses to live outside the ‘home’ of the district on certain conditions.

1957 New Yorker 12 Jan. 28/3 Terrified of infections and vaccines, she barred the door to the district nurse.

district nursing n. the action or activity of serving as a district nurse.

ΚΠ

1883 Cassell's Family Mag. Apr. 314/2 She..receives training in the practice of district nursing for a period of six months.

1956 in A. Pryce-Jones New Outl. Mod. Knowledge 220 So much can now be provided by way of meals, home helps, and district-nursing services.

district officer n. a representative of the Government in a colonial district.

ΚΠ

1861 Statem. Mat. & Moral Progr. India 1859–60 iv. xiv. §6 in Parl. Papers [265] XLVII Appeal cases, exceeding in value 1,000 Rupees, do not come before the District Officers.

1931 A. R. Radcliffe-Brown Method in Social Anthropol. (1958) i. iii. 92 An officer of one of the African colonies..was asked if it would be a good thing to give a training in anthropology to those who would ultimately become district officers.

district system n. U.S. a system of electing members to the House of Representatives by electing one member for each district of a State (see sense 3d).

ΚΠ

1816 Deb. Congr. U.S. 20 Mar. (1854) 214 Under the district system,..the weight of Pennsylvania, great as she is, dwindled down to a solitary vote.

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXIII. 581/2 The House of Representatives is composed of members elected by popular vote... Each State is at liberty under the Constitution to adopt either the ‘general ticket’ system, i.e., the plan of electing all its members by one vote over the whole State, or to elect them in one-membered districts (the ‘district system’).

Draft additions 1993

district auditor n. (a) one appointed by the Poor Law Commissioners to audit the accounts of a District Board of Guardians (now historical); hence (b) until 1983, a civil servant responsible for auditing the accounts of local authorities; subsequently, an auditor employed in this capacity by the Audit Commission, and (since 1990) also responsible for auditing the accounts of health authorities and other bodies within the National Health Service (no longer a statutory title).

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > [noun] > auditor > types of

auditor of the prests1657

Auditor of the Imprest1665

district auditor1868

internal auditor1869

1844 Act 7 & 8 Victoria c. 101 §49 The Poor Law Commissioners shall appoint some person..who shall be the Auditor of such District, and shall be empowered and required to audit the Accounts of each District Board.]

1868 Act 31 & 32 Victoria c. 122 §24 So much of the Poor Law Amendment Act, 1844..as provides for the Election of District Auditors, shall be repealed.

1879 District Auditors Act 42 Vict. c. 6 §2 All payments to district auditors out of any local rate shall cease, and the whole of the..remuneration..shall be paid out of moneys provided by Parliament.

1907 A. E. Lauder Municipal Man. vi. 209 In all ordinary urban districts, in some half-dozen boroughs..and in all boroughs as far as income and expenditure on education are concerned, the accounts are audited by the district auditors of the Local Government Board.

1985 R. Jones Local Govt. Audit Law (ed. 2) i. 18 A by-product of the [1982 Local Government Finance] Act was that the historic title of ‘district auditor’ disappeared from the statute book... The district auditor still lives, however, the [Audit] Commission having..retained the title in the appointment of its officers.

Draft additions December 2015

district commissioner n. a person commissioned to exercise the authority of a government (originally esp. the British Crown), organization, etc., in a particular district; also as a title.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > public officials > senior or chief public officials > [noun] > commissioner

commissionera1500

district commissioner1788

1788 G. Edwards Aggrandisem. Great Brit. I. iii. 118 They may be chosen by the Board, by Parliament, the District Police, or rather the District Commissioners.

1822 J. L. McAdam Remarks Present Syst. Road Making (ed. 6) Advt. p. vi It will hardly be deemed inexpedient to recommend some central control over the District Commissioners.

1858 in M. C. Johnstone Jullundur Mutineers 43 He, whose business it was as District Commissioner to collect intelligence, was in absolute ignorance of all that had occurred.

1905 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 26 Aug. 444/1 W. H. Clements.., has been selected for the office of District Commissioner and Assistant Colonial Surgeon in the Toledo District of British Honduras.

1932 N. Mitford Christmas Pudding v. 78 Mother, of course, takes a lot of exercise, walks and so on... And she's district commissioner for the Girl Guides.

2010 Medicine Hat (Alberta) News 13 Feb. b4/3 Lilongwe District Commissioner Charles Kalemba..and representatives from Madonna's Raising Malawi charity, met with about 200 villagers.

Draft additions December 2018

district surgeon n. South African (also with capital initials) a doctor appointed by the government to fulfil specific functions in a particular district; (now) spec. a police surgeon or forensic medical examiner.

ΚΠ

1829 First Ann. Rep. Cape of Good Hope Philanthropic Soc. 19 Mr. G. Glaeser, District Surgeon, Worcester.

1880 J. Nixon Among Boers iii. 69 He had been district surgeon for six years, and he said he had only seen one case of phthisis..during that period.

1907 W. C. Scully By Veldt & Kopje 1 The District Surgeon had..been busy riding from kraal to kraal in these locations where the disease existed.

1982 Eastern Province Herald (Port Elizabeth) 8 June 1 Dr Neil Aggett might be alive today if he had seen a district surgeon while in detention.

2014 Daily Disp. (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 20 Nov. The finding of the autopsy done in Butterworth..by a district surgeon is that he died of drowning.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1896; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	district
释义	districtn. Brit. /ˈdɪstrɪkt/, U.S. /ˈdɪstrɪk(t)/ Etymology: < French district (16th cent. in Littré) < medieval Latin districtus (1) the constraining and restraining of offenders, the exercise of justice, (2) the power of exercising justice in a certain territory, jurisdiction, (3) the territory under the jurisdiction of a feudal lord; < Latin district- participial stem of distringĕre : see distrain v.(The explanation of the 17th cent. legal antiquaries, ‘the territory within which the lord may distrain’, is much narrower than the notion involved in districtus.) †1. Law. The territory under the jurisdiction of a feudal lord. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > jurisdiction or territory of specific rulers or nobles > [noun] > of feudal lord seigniory1338 signoryc1515 district1611 lordship marcher1613 commot1628 commanderya1641 ligialty1651 distressa1658 seigneury1683 commendatory1762 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues District, a district; the liberties, or precincts of a place; the territorie, or circuit of countrey, within which a Lord, or his Officers may iudge, compell, or call in question, the inhabitants. 1641 Rastell's Termes de la Ley (new ed.) f. 125 Districtus is sometimes used for the circuit or territory, within which a man may be thus compelled to appeare.] 1670 T. Blount Νομο-λεξικον: Law-dict. District, is the place in which a Man hath the power of distreining, or the Circuit or Territory wherein one may be compelled to appear..Where we say, Hors de son Fee, others say, Extra districtum suum. 2. A portion of territory marked off or defined for some special administrative or official purpose, or as the sphere of a particular officer or administrative body civil or ecclesiastical; e.g. a police district, postal district, or registration district; the Metropolitan district, London postal district, that of a Local Board or Urban Sanitary Authority. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > an administrative division of territory > [noun] purprisea1275 member?a1425 precinct1447 lordshipa1450 captainate1593 region1593 partiality1601 division1640 peopledom1657 convent1658 district1667 mastership1707 superintendency1798 area1849 1667 Bp. J. Taylor 2nd Pt. Dissuasive from Popery i. i. 25 The Decrees of General Councils bind not but as they are accepted by the several Churches in their respective Districts and Dioceses. 1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 403. ¶2 The several Districts and Parishes of London and Westminster. 1834 S. Gobat Jrnl. Abyssinia 367 As soon as the son of a great man has learned to read..his father gives him a district of a greater or less extent. 1847 Act 10 & 11 Victoria c 15 §43 Any offence which shall take place within the Metropolitan Police District. 3. spec. a. In England: a division of a parish, having its own church or chapel and resident clergyman, constituted under the Church Building Acts, from 58 Geo. III, c 45 onwards. Hence district chapel, district church, district parish (see Compounds 1b). Cf. chapel n. 3b. Peel district: an ecclesiastical division formed under 6 and 7 Victoria, c. 37, ‘having a minister licensed by the bishop and vested with limited powers’.These ecclesiastical districts originally constituted perpetual curacies; they are now mostly for ecclesiastical purposes distinct parishes, being vicarages or rectories according to the status of the benefice out of which they have been taken. ΚΠ 1818 Act 58 Geo. III c. 45 §21 In any case in which the said Commissioners shall be of opinion that it is not expedient to divide any populous Parish or Extra Parochial Place into such complete, separate, and distinct Parishes as aforesaid, but that it is expedient to divide the same into such Ecclesiastical Districts as they..may deem necessary for the Purpose of affording Accommodation for the attending Divine Service..to Persons residing therein. 1822 Act 3 Geo. IV c. 72 §10 To act on the Vestry of such District or Division, and of the Church or Chapel thereof. 1866 J. M. Dale Clergyman's Legal Handbk. (ed. 4) 34 Upon the new church being consecrated in the Peel district, it becomes a ‘new parish for ecclesiastical purposes’. 1866 J. M. Dale Clergyman's Legal Handbk. (ed. 4) 35 The patronage of the Peel districts and parishes, until otherwise assigned, rests with the Crown and the bishop alternately. b. One of the urban or rural subdivisions of a county, constituted by the Local Government Act of 1894, and having an Urban or Rural District Council. General district fund, General district rate (see quot. 1902). ΚΠ 1895 Whitaker's Almanack 667 (Parish Councils Act) The whole country will be divided into districts, some of which are borough urban districts, some urban districts other than Boroughs, and some rural districts, each of which will have its own council. Rural districts in most cases comprise a large number of parishes. 1895 Whitaker's Almanack 669 (Parish Councils Act) Rural districts are those areas which occupy the whole of the country outside London other than so much as is included in any borough or any other urban district. 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXX. 318/2 As a general rule, all the expenses of carrying into execution the Public Health Acts in an urban district fall upon a fund which is called the general district fund, and that fund is provided by means of a rate called the general district rate. c. In British India: a division or subdivision of a province or presidency, constituting the most important unit of civil administration, having at its head an officer called ‘Magistrate and Collector’, or ‘Deputy-Commissioner’. It corresponded to the Zillah of earlier times. Now historical.Generally, four or more ‘districts’ constituted a ‘division’ under a ‘commissioner’; but in Madras presidency the districts themselves were the primary divisions. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > an administrative division of territory > [noun] > in India pargana1614 sirkar1627 zilla1772 district1776 mahal1793 taluk1793 mohalla1825 1776 Depositions 2/1 in Trial J. Fowke Having a demand on the Dewan of the Calcutta District, for..26,000 rupees. 1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India III. vi. v. 280 In each district, that is, in the language of the country, each Zillah..a Zillah..court, was established. 1848 G. Wyatt Revelations of Orderly (1849) 67 The Planters..in the Chumparan district. 1881 W. W. Hunter Imperial Gazetteer India III. 254 Farakhábád bears the reputation of being one of the healthiest Districts in the Doáb. 1886 H. Yule & A. C. Burnell Hobson-Jobson 749 Zillah..is the technical name for the administrative districts into which British India is divided, each of which has in the older provinces a Collector, or Collector and Magistrate combined, a Session Judge, &c., and in the newer provinces, such as the Punjab..a Deputy Commissioner. d. In the United States used in various specific and local senses: e.g. a political division = election constituency, as an assembly district, congressional district, senate district.In some States the chief subdivision of a county (civil, magisterial, militia, justice's district), called in other States townships or towns. Formerly, in South Carolina = county; elsewhere, a division of a State containing several counties. Also: a division of the country directly under the control of Congress, and having no elective franchise, as the federal District of Columbia, and (historical) the District (now state) of Alaska (cf. Russian America n. at Russian n. and adj. Compounds 2b). ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > an administrative division of territory > [noun] > in U.S.A. hundred1621 town1631 squadron1636 county1662 precinct1713 parish1772 back county1775 district1792 metropolitan district1817 1792 Mass. Acts & Resolves (1895) 185 The first district shall consist of the Counties of Suffolk Essex & Middlesex & shall be entitled to choose four representatives. 1800 M. Cutler Jrnl. 21 Oct. in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler Life, Jrnls. & Corr. M. Cutler (1888) II. 40 Much said about my being elected member for this district in Congress. 1802 R. Brookes Gen. Gazetteer (ed. 12) Fayette, a district of N. Carolina, comprehending the counties of Moore, Cumberland, Sampson, Richmond, Robeson, and Anson. Fayetteville, a town of N. Carolina, in Cumberland county, capital of the district of Fayette. 1809 E. A. Kendall Trav. Northern Parts U.S. I. ii. 10 The town-proper was of course the collection of dwellings; but, in the vulgar acceptation the same word embraced the entire district or township. 1890 M. Townsend U.S.: Index to United States Amer. 138 The District of Columbia (including the national capital of Washington); the District of Alaska. e. The portion of country or of a town allotted to or occupied by any person as the sphere of his operations; particularly, a section of a parish allotted to a lay ‘visitor’, working under the clergyman. Also, spec. the area served by a maternity hospital or a midwife for home confinements; on the district (colloquial): see quot. 1933. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > an administrative division of territory > [noun] > for other specific purposes school rick1773 school district1794 district1854 highway parish1862 catchment area1945 1854 C. M. Yonge Castle Builders v. 64 The Miss Shaws..have undertaken to get..a district appointed for us to visit. 1854 C. M. Yonge Castle Builders v. 66 Several excellent persons..had attempted visiting and instructing the poor in his [sc. the vicar's] district. 1863 J. W. Carlyle Lett. III. 162 Visiting about in their ‘district’, and attending all sorts of meetings. 1888 A. T. Quiller-Couch in Echoes fr. Oxf. Mag. (1890) 104 There's no one to visit your ‘district’ Or make Mother Tettleby's soup. a1897 Mod. For this purpose the town has been divided into districts, and two canvassers appointed to each. 1933 E. Partridge Slang To-day & Yesterday ii. iii. 191 ‘Each of the London teaching hospitals undertakes the care of the parturient poor in its own district.’.. A student engaged on his three or six months' course of such midwifery is said to be ‘on the district’. 1961 Observer 7 May 35/3 The different conditions which exist in maternity hospitals and on the district. 1964 G. L. Cohen What's Wrong with Hospitals? v. 87 ‘I'm me own boss on the district,’ Nurse Bailey..expounded the advantages of domiciliary work. 1964 G. L. Cohen What's Wrong with Hospitals? v. 109 Midwives on the District recommend bed-rest but cannot enforce it. f. A territorial division of the Methodist communions comprising a number of circuits. ΚΠ 1831 J. M. Peck Guide for Emigrants 258 There are three districts, the Illinois, the Kaskaskia, and the Wabash districts, over each of which is a presiding Elder. 1839 Penny Cycl. XV. 142 A number of these circuits..are united and known as a district. 1885 [see district meeting n. at Compounds 1a]. 1970 B. Drewery in S. G. F. Brandon Dict. Compar. Relig. 440/2 The Methodist constitution..forms series of concentric circles, from the local chapels organised into ‘circuits’, each with a team of Ministers under the ‘Superintendant’, the Districts under ‘Chairman’, and the central authority of the annual Conference of 650. g. With capital initial: short for the London Metropolitan District Railway; also plural shares in this railway. Also attributive. ΚΠ 1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 9 Dec. 4 The District trains are now ‘gassed’ only once a day. 1898 Westm. Gaz. 29 Nov. 8/1 We cannot find any sufficient reason for the recent rise in Districts. 1902 Westm. Gaz. 29 May 7/3 To travel on the District from Ealing to the Mansion House and back, third-class, will in the future cost 8d. 1909 Westm. Gaz. 16 July 10/3 Districts were also good in tone at 17⁵/ ₈. 1911 W. Owen Lett. (1967) 80 Transported to the other side of London by those wretched District trains. 1959 Chambers's Encycl. XI. 500/1 The District owned the south side of the Inner Circle from Mansion House to South Kensington... District trains reached Uxbridge over the Metropolitan. 4. Any tract of country, usually of vaguely defined limits, having some common characteristics; a region, locality, ‘quarter’. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > region of the earth > [noun] endc893 earthOE coastc1315 plagea1382 provincea1382 regiona1382 countrya1387 partya1387 climatea1398 partc1400 nookc1450 corner1535 subregion1559 parcel1582 quart1590 climature1604 latitudea1640 area1671 district1712 zone1829 natural region1888 sector1943 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > part of country or district > [noun] endc893 shirec893 estrec1275 sidec1325 bounds1340 provincea1382 partc1400 landmark1550 tract1553 canton1601 neighbourhood1652 district1712 section1785 circumscription1831 location1833 block1840 strip1873 1712 R. Blackmore Creation ii. 97 These Districts, which between the Tropicks lie..Were thought an uninhabitable Seat. 1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall i The most extensive and flourishing district, westward of Mount Taurus and the river Halys, was dignified by the Romans with the exclusive title of Asia. 1865 C. Lyell Elem. Geol. (ed. 6) 79 Districts composed of argillaceous and sandy formations. 1889 A. R. Wallace Darwinism 222 Species [of birds] which inhabit open districts are usually protectively coloured. a1897 Mod. The roughest carriage road in the Lake district. A manufacturing district; a purely agricultural district. †5. figurative. Sphere of operation; province, scope. Obsolete. rare.In quot. 1704 used in plural = limits, bounds. ΚΠ a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) i. i. 28 This Principle of Life, Sense, and Intellection in Man called the Soul, hath the Body as its Province and Districtus, wherein it exerciseth these Faculties and Operations.] 1704 J. Swift Disc. Mech. Operat. Spirit i, in Tale of Tub 293 The first and the last of these, I understand to come within the Districts of my Subject. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. (In sense 2.) district constable n. ΚΠ 1839 Act 2 & 3 Victoria c. 93 An Act of the Establishment of County and District Constables. district judge n. ΚΠ 1789 U.S. Statutes at Large I. 73 And it be further enacted That there be a court called a District Court..to consist of one judge..called a District Judge [etc.]. 1790 Gentleman's Mag. July 669/1 Wm. Drayton, esq. formerly chief justice of his Majesty's province of East Florida, but who some short time since had been appointed by the American Congress to be district judge of South Carolina. 1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. District-judge, the judge of a district court. District-school, a school within a certain district of a town. New England. 1833 F. J. Shore Notes Indian Affairs (1837) I. 136 There were kazees..who may be designated district judges. 1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. I. xxii. 310 The Circuit court may be held either by the Circuit Judge alone, or by the Supreme court Circuit justice alone, or by both together, or by either sitting alone with the District judge. 2004 Daily Tel. 28 Oct. 25/8 I am now told on good authority that district judges are also entitled to the title ‘Judge’—something that was certainly not made clear a few years ago when county court registrars and stipendiary magistrates were given this enhanced title. district meeting n. ΚΠ 1885 Minutes Wesleyan Conference 370 The Chairmen of Districts in their several District meetings. district order n. ΚΠ 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. District Orders, those issued by a general commanding a district. district school n. ΚΠ 1793 F. Asbury Jrnl. 7 Mar. (1852) II. 186 Building a house for conference, preaching, and a district school. 1854 M. J. Holmes Tempest & Sunshine viii. 111 He handed him five hundred dollars, telling him..to send her for two years to the district school. 1874 2nd Rep. Vermont State Board Agric. 1873–4 609 Until I was twenty-five, laboring on the farm in summer and teaching district school in winter. 1946 E. B. Partridge & O. Bettmann As we Were 19 Only in the backward regions of the country does the district school still survive. district superintendent n. ΚΠ 1889 G. Findlay Working & Managem. Eng. Railway 14 In the more important districts the District Superintendents are relieved of the management of the goods business by ‘District Goods Managers’. district surveyor n. ΚΠ 1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 368 The District-Surveyors are elected by the Magistrates. 1855 Act 18 & 19 Victoria c. 122 §49 There shall be paid to the district surveyors..such other fees..as may from time to time be directed by the Metropolitan Board of Works. district-visit v. humorous ΚΠ 1870 M. Bridgman Robert Lynne I. iv. 44 When I am ill, I shall..be ‘district-visited’. district-visiting n. ΚΠ 1854 C. M. Yonge Castle Builders vi. 78 I read to him about your plans for district visiting. 1935 Scrutiny 4 116 No amount of observation of the district-visiting kind..will produce a convincing substitute for adequate response to the quality of the working-class life. district-visitor n. ΚΠ 1850 C. Kingsley Alton Locke II. xii. 183 Katie had never heard of her before—‘some district visitor’ or other? 1870 M. Bridgman Robert Lynne I. iv. 43 ‘What are the duties of a district-visitor?’..‘She scolds the men for frequenting public-houses, abuses the women for being idle and slatternly.’ b. (In sense 3a.) district chapel n. ΚΠ 1821 T. Chalmers Christian & Civic Econ. Large Towns I. v. 170 Might not a district chapel be raised as well as a district school, and with still greater securities even, for the right exercise of the patronage? 2002 B. Lewis Middlemost & Milltowns vi. 169 He threatened to withdraw the application if the district chapels were allowed to perform marriages. district church n. ΚΠ 1825 G. R. Harvey Let. on New Churches 21 The repairs of all such District Churches and Chapels shall be made by the Districts to which they respectively belong. 1855 Timbs Curiosities of London (1867) St. Peter's, Saffron-hill, a district church of St. Andrew's, Holborn. 2001 S. J. Brown National Churches Eng., Irel., & Scotl. iii. 210 Blomfield hoped that the new district churches would restore traditional social harmonies. district parish n. ΚΠ 1818 Act 58 Geo. III c. 45 §24 The churches and chapels respectively assigned to such Districts shall, when duly consecrated for that Purpose, become and be the District Parish Churches of such District Parishes. 1856 J. R. Walbran Guide Ripon (ed. 6) 110 A district parish has..been assigned to this Church. C2. district attorney n. U.S. the local prosecuting officer of a district. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > state or public law officers > state or public prosecutor quaestora1387 promoter1485 fiscal1539 actor1598 fisc1732 public prosecutor1750 district attorney1856 Director of Public Prosecutions1879 procurator1917 D.A.1934 D.P.P.1942 1856 S. Mordecai Virginia (1860) vii. 101 The office of district attorney in the United States Court of Virginia. 1873 ‘M. Twain’ & C. D. Warner Gilded Age liv. 493 The district attorney..opened the case for the state. 1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. II. xlix. 255 The local prosecuting officer, called the district attorney. district attorney v. U.S. transitive (with it) to act in the manner of a district attorney. ΚΠ 1922 A. Brown Old Crow vi. 67 You're district-attorneying it a trifle too much to interest me... This isn't a third degree. district council n. British the local council of an Urban or Rural District as constituted by the Parish Councils Act of 1894. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > local government body > [noun] > district council rural district council1888 urban district council1888 district council1894 RDC1904 U.D.C.1905 rural1952 urban1952 1894 Times 19 Dec. 6/3 Returned at the head of the poll for the urban district council..The village shoe-maker heads the poll for both the parish and the rural district council. 1895 Whitaker's Almanack 669 (Parish Councils Act) Urban District Councils are but urban sanitary authorities under a new name, and elected on the same system as town councils in boroughs. Rural District Councils are a new body, and take over the functions which guardians of the poor, acting as rural sanitary authorities, discharged in rural sanitary districts. district councillor n. British an elected member of a district council. ΚΠ 1895 Whitaker's Almanack 670 (Parish Councils Act) The elections of guardians, and of urban and rural district councillors, are to take place under rules issued by the Local Government Board. district court n. U.S. a court of limited jurisdiction, having cognizance of certain causes within a district, presided over by a district judge. ΚΠ 1791 G. Washington Diaries IV. 186 The District Court is held in it [sc. Salisbury]. 1800 M. L. Weems Lett. II. 150 I can't think of the Dumfries District Court with patience. 1802 A. Hamilton in N.Y. Evening Post 19 Mar. 2/5 It abolishes the District Courts of Tennessee and Kentucky. district curves n. = district lines n. ΚΠ 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXX. 461/1 [Rücker and Thorpe] found where isogonals, isoclinals, &c., cut the lines of latitude. The curves obtained by joining these successive points of intersection on a map are called district lines or curves. district heating n. a method of supplying heat or hot water from a single source to a number of separate buildings or a whole district. ΚΠ 1908 A. G. King Pract. Steam & Hot Water Heating xxiii. 288 District Heating. This type, if it may be so termed, of steam and hot-water heating owes its inception to..Mr. Birdsall Holly, of Lockport, N.Y. 1913 A. M. Greene Elem. Heating & Ventil. xi. 279 District heating or heating from a central station..has been extended to heat towns or portions of towns. 1943 Archit. Rev. 93 102/3 The district heating pipes by which a house and a whole estate..can be centrally heated. 1970 Daily Tel. 7 Dec. 8/4 District heating costs more to install than individual heating systems but running costs are substantially less. district lines n. (see quot.); cf. district curves n. ΚΠ 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXX. 461/1 [Rücker and Thorpe] found where isogonals, isoclinals, &c., cut the lines of latitude. The curves obtained by joining these successive points of intersection on a map are called district lines or curves. district messenger n. one employed by the District Messenger Service (see quot.) ΚΠ 1911 Chambers's Jrnl. 1 208/1 The District Messenger Service was founded in London in 1890 for the purpose of introducing..the electric call-box system. district nurse n. a nurse who serves a rural or urban district. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > healer > nurse > [noun] > other types man-nurse1530 probationer nurse1584 parish nurse1716 day nurse1759 school nurse1836 Gamp1846 hospital nurse1848 pupil nurse1861 male nurse1874 district nurse1883 relief nurse1884 casualty nurse1885 bayman1888 maid nurse1895 charge-nurse1896 ward nurse1899 health visitor1901 practice nurse1912 community nurse1922 scrub nurse1927 theatre nurse1934 para-nurse1942 nurse practitioner1967 rehab nurse1977 1883 Cassell's Family Mag. Apr. 314/1 District Nurses.—Some seven or eight years ago, an Association was formed in London for providing a body of skilled and trained nurses to nurse the sick poor at their own homes. 1894 Mrs. H. Ward Marcella II. iii. iv. 313 Marcella's Association allowed its District Nurses to live outside the ‘home’ of the district on certain conditions. 1957 New Yorker 12 Jan. 28/3 Terrified of infections and vaccines, she barred the door to the district nurse. district nursing n. the action or activity of serving as a district nurse. ΚΠ 1883 Cassell's Family Mag. Apr. 314/2 She..receives training in the practice of district nursing for a period of six months. 1956 in A. Pryce-Jones New Outl. Mod. Knowledge 220 So much can now be provided by way of meals, home helps, and district-nursing services. district officer n. a representative of the Government in a colonial district. ΚΠ 1861 Statem. Mat. & Moral Progr. India 1859–60 iv. xiv. §6 in Parl. Papers [265] XLVII Appeal cases, exceeding in value 1,000 Rupees, do not come before the District Officers. 1931 A. R. Radcliffe-Brown Method in Social Anthropol. (1958) i. iii. 92 An officer of one of the African colonies..was asked if it would be a good thing to give a training in anthropology to those who would ultimately become district officers. district system n. U.S. a system of electing members to the House of Representatives by electing one member for each district of a State (see sense 3d). ΚΠ 1816 Deb. Congr. U.S. 20 Mar. (1854) 214 Under the district system,..the weight of Pennsylvania, great as she is, dwindled down to a solitary vote. 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXIII. 581/2 The House of Representatives is composed of members elected by popular vote... Each State is at liberty under the Constitution to adopt either the ‘general ticket’ system, i.e., the plan of electing all its members by one vote over the whole State, or to elect them in one-membered districts (the ‘district system’). Draft additions 1993 district auditor n. (a) one appointed by the Poor Law Commissioners to audit the accounts of a District Board of Guardians (now historical); hence (b) until 1983, a civil servant responsible for auditing the accounts of local authorities; subsequently, an auditor employed in this capacity by the Audit Commission, and (since 1990) also responsible for auditing the accounts of health authorities and other bodies within the National Health Service (no longer a statutory title). ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > [noun] > auditor > types of auditor of the prests1657 Auditor of the Imprest1665 district auditor1868 internal auditor1869 1844 Act 7 & 8 Victoria c. 101 §49 The Poor Law Commissioners shall appoint some person..who shall be the Auditor of such District, and shall be empowered and required to audit the Accounts of each District Board.] 1868 Act 31 & 32 Victoria c. 122 §24 So much of the Poor Law Amendment Act, 1844..as provides for the Election of District Auditors, shall be repealed. 1879 District Auditors Act 42 Vict. c. 6 §2 All payments to district auditors out of any local rate shall cease, and the whole of the..remuneration..shall be paid out of moneys provided by Parliament. 1907 A. E. Lauder Municipal Man. vi. 209 In all ordinary urban districts, in some half-dozen boroughs..and in all boroughs as far as income and expenditure on education are concerned, the accounts are audited by the district auditors of the Local Government Board. 1985 R. Jones Local Govt. Audit Law (ed. 2) i. 18 A by-product of the [1982 Local Government Finance] Act was that the historic title of ‘district auditor’ disappeared from the statute book... The district auditor still lives, however, the [Audit] Commission having..retained the title in the appointment of its officers. Draft additions December 2015 district commissioner n. a person commissioned to exercise the authority of a government (originally esp. the British Crown), organization, etc., in a particular district; also as a title. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > public officials > senior or chief public officials > [noun] > commissioner commissionera1500 district commissioner1788 1788 G. Edwards Aggrandisem. Great Brit. I. iii. 118 They may be chosen by the Board, by Parliament, the District Police, or rather the District Commissioners. 1822 J. L. McAdam Remarks Present Syst. Road Making (ed. 6) Advt. p. vi It will hardly be deemed inexpedient to recommend some central control over the District Commissioners. 1858 in M. C. Johnstone Jullundur Mutineers 43 He, whose business it was as District Commissioner to collect intelligence, was in absolute ignorance of all that had occurred. 1905 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 26 Aug. 444/1 W. H. Clements.., has been selected for the office of District Commissioner and Assistant Colonial Surgeon in the Toledo District of British Honduras. 1932 N. Mitford Christmas Pudding v. 78 Mother, of course, takes a lot of exercise, walks and so on... And she's district commissioner for the Girl Guides. 2010 Medicine Hat (Alberta) News 13 Feb. b4/3 Lilongwe District Commissioner Charles Kalemba..and representatives from Madonna's Raising Malawi charity, met with about 200 villagers. Draft additions December 2018 district surgeon n. South African (also with capital initials) a doctor appointed by the government to fulfil specific functions in a particular district; (now) spec. a police surgeon or forensic medical examiner. ΚΠ 1829 First Ann. Rep. Cape of Good Hope Philanthropic Soc. 19 Mr. G. Glaeser, District Surgeon, Worcester. 1880 J. Nixon Among Boers iii. 69 He had been district surgeon for six years, and he said he had only seen one case of phthisis..during that period. 1907 W. C. Scully By Veldt & Kopje 1 The District Surgeon had..been busy riding from kraal to kraal in these locations where the disease existed. 1982 Eastern Province Herald (Port Elizabeth) 8 June 1 Dr Neil Aggett might be alive today if he had seen a district surgeon while in detention. 2014 Daily Disp. (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 20 Nov. The finding of the autopsy done in Butterworth..by a district surgeon is that he died of drowning. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1896; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † districtadj. Etymology: < Latin districtus severe, strict, past participle of distringĕre to draw asunder, strain: see distrain n. and strict adj. Obsolete. Strict, stringent, rigorous; severe; exact. ΘΚΠ society > authority > strictness > [adjective] cruelc1230 straitc1430 closea1466 district1526 hard1577 obstrictc1600 strict1603 restricta1617 uninclining1794 tight1872 headmistressy1972 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. YYYv^v Impossible to perseuer & continue in the district or sharpe exercise of vertues. 1583 P. Stubbes Anat. Abuses sig. Diii^v Aristotle is so district in this point. 1657 R. Sanderson 14 Serm. Pref. sig. A3 The most diligent, district, and unpartial search. 1700 J. Humfrey Let. Salvability Heathen 26 A Righteousness consisting in a Condecency of his Goodness and Mercy, and not in the Rule of his district Holiness. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1896; most recently modified version published online September 2021). districtv. Etymology: < district n.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈdistrict. Originally and chiefly U.S. transitive. To divide or organize into districts. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > an administrative division of territory > divide into administrative areas [verb (transitive)] cantonize1608 canton1619 district1792 shire1810 to map out1860 1792 Mass. Acts & Laws (1895) 184 Resolve for districting the commonwealth, for the purpose of choosing federal representatives. 1806 N. Webster Compend. Dict. Eng. Lang. District, v.t. to divide into circuits or parts. 1855 J. L. Motley Rise Dutch Republic Hist. Introd. xii. 75 The Netherlands, like other countries, are districted and farmed. 1869 Daily News 2 Sept. The town is in the hands of certain groups of lawyers, and is districted by them. 1882 Daily News 16 June 5/4 Towns must be districted between them [sc. electric-lighting Companies] as London is between gas and water Companies. 1891 W. K. Brooks Amer. Oyster 195 I believe that the districting plan is neither a real remedy nor the best method for arresting the destruction. Derivatives ˈdistricting n. ΚΠ 1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Districting, dividing into limited or definite portions. 1879 Constit. Calif. in J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. (1888) II. App. 648 Until such districting as herein provided for shall be made. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1896; most recently modified version published online December 2019). < n.1611adj.1526v.1792
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districtn.

Compounds

Draft additions 1993

Draft additions December 2015

Draft additions December 2018

† districtadj.

districtv.

Derivatives